Service Provider Wi-Fi Why Fi? - Cisco Knowledge Network
Service Provider Wi-Fi Why Fi? - Cisco Knowledge Network
Service Provider Wi-Fi Why Fi? - Cisco Knowledge Network
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<strong>Service</strong> <strong>Provider</strong> <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong><br />
<strong>Why</strong> <strong>Fi</strong>?<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Network</strong><br />
June 7 th 2011<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 1
• 0.95 billion registered cars in<br />
use<br />
• 1.15 billion landlines<br />
• 1.4 billion PCs of any kind in use<br />
• 1.5 billion Credit Card holders<br />
• 1.6 billion TV homes<br />
• 1.8 billion Internet users<br />
• 4 billion FM radio users<br />
• 5.2 billion mobile phone<br />
subscriptions<br />
3.7B unique users, 75% global<br />
per addressable capita<br />
penetration<br />
• 6.8 billion people on the planet<br />
Source : Tomi Ahonen<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 2<br />
?
New Devices<br />
New Pricing<br />
More<br />
Broadband<br />
New<br />
Applications<br />
Video will be 2/3 of mobile traffic by 2014<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 4
100 years of <strong>Fi</strong>xed telecoms<br />
95+% revenue from voice<br />
Point to point business model<br />
Consumption charged Internet<br />
Voice is free<br />
Flat Internet<br />
More and more for same price<br />
Faster and faster<br />
1900 1990 2011<br />
30 years of Mobile telecoms<br />
95+% revenue from voice<br />
Consumption charged Internet<br />
Point to point business model<br />
Voice is free<br />
More and more for same price<br />
Faster and faster<br />
Flat Internet<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 5
Growth<br />
1000<br />
100<br />
10<br />
1<br />
Source: Agilent<br />
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015<br />
39x<br />
Growth<br />
Macro<br />
Capacity<br />
Average<br />
Macro Cell<br />
Efficiency<br />
Spectrum<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 6
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 7
<strong>Service</strong>s for Business:<br />
For Business For Consumer<br />
– Voice & Unified Communication<br />
– Video call & VOIP <strong>Service</strong>s<br />
– VPN & IPSEC Security<br />
– Seamless connectivity<br />
– Corporate access & VDI / VxI<br />
– Cloud computing<br />
Computing<br />
for humans<br />
Take<br />
anywhere<br />
<strong>Service</strong>s for Consumer:<br />
– Video call & VOIP services<br />
– <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> Offloading<br />
– Cloud computing<br />
– Pushed banner pack<br />
– Entertainment<br />
– Gaming<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 8
Percent of U.S. Mobile Internet Usage Taking<br />
Place in Each Location<br />
On the Go<br />
In an Office<br />
At Home<br />
2/3 of mobile usage is in the two easiest places to<br />
offload<br />
Source: <strong>Cisco</strong> IBSG, 2009<br />
56%<br />
10%<br />
38%<br />
27%<br />
34% 35%<br />
Infrequent User Everyday User<br />
46 minutes<br />
33 minutes<br />
43 minutes<br />
�Email<br />
�Search<br />
�Maps<br />
�IM<br />
�Web Browsing<br />
�Entertainment<br />
Base: U.S. Mobile Internet users<br />
BRKSPM-1002_C1 © 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Public<br />
9
• Optimization – increases network<br />
capacity and reduce 3G data traffic<br />
overload by offloading traffic with SP<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong>.<br />
• Monetization – creates new revenue<br />
streams by taking advantage of<br />
advanced technology that provides<br />
secure delivery of location-based<br />
services to mobile devices<br />
• Churn Reduction – expand a<br />
physical footprint with a cost-effective<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> solution to keep customers on<br />
the service provider network as they<br />
move from home to the train to the<br />
office.<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 10
Residential<br />
Enterprise<br />
3rd 3 party Hotspot<br />
rd party Hotspot<br />
Indoor Hotspot<br />
Outdoor Hotspot<br />
Biggest impact<br />
Encourage users to configure it<br />
Possible client<br />
Strategically important<br />
Linked in with wider Enterprise play<br />
Used for Time to Market<br />
Limited suitability for offload<br />
Key for Macro offload in busy cells<br />
Key for Macro offload in busy cells<br />
Possible use for fixed broadband<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 11
• ―3G Offload‖ is ready today for :<br />
Standalone <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> (with 3G/4G roaming)<br />
Trusted or untrusted 3G/4G core integration<br />
e2e architectures tried and tested<br />
• The business case is clear<br />
Small cells are REQUIRED for capacity<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> has that capacity at the right price (802.11n + <strong>Cisco</strong> CleanAir)<br />
Device <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> chipset penetration is at critical mass<br />
• <strong>Why</strong> <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> ?<br />
Optimising infrastructure costs & reducing cost of delivery<br />
Creating & monetising new business opportunities<br />
Increasing average user experience and .. happiness<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 12
<strong>Service</strong> <strong>Provider</strong> <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong><br />
Jim Tavares, Director<br />
Strategy & Business Development<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> <strong>Service</strong>s<br />
May, 2011
Internet<br />
Stadium / Large Venue<br />
Metro <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
CUWN<br />
WLC<br />
Application<br />
Partners<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
Controller<br />
&<br />
Backhaul<br />
Indoor Hotspot<br />
SMB Managed AP<br />
Metro/<br />
Hotspot Access<br />
Converged Subscriber<br />
Control<br />
CMTS<br />
DSL<br />
<strong>Fi</strong>ber<br />
Residential<br />
Managed AP<br />
Residential<br />
Access<br />
Cloud<br />
TR-069<br />
Own or 3 rd<br />
party<br />
broadband<br />
access<br />
AAA DHCP Captive WCS Policy Svcs<br />
Portal<br />
Mgmt Reporting<br />
Cloud <strong>Service</strong>s, Applications, & Operations<br />
Client Centric/<br />
Un-trusted Access<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 15
SF Giants ATT Park<br />
� <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> broadband connectivity free<br />
to all 40,000 seats<br />
� 350 x 802.11N AP Deployed<br />
� 3G Offload for all ATT iPhone<br />
and BB devices through<br />
transparent authentication<br />
� On-net video instant replay live<br />
during game or show<br />
Serving 40,000 Fans<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 16
One AP for 3 MSOs<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Aironet 1260<br />
SSID = optimum <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
SSID = Xfinity (Comcast)<br />
SSID = TWC <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
<strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> broadband connectivity free to 3 MSOs (TWC, Comcast, Cablevision) –<br />
More than 5M subs<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 17
• People activating the service at home can connect on other residential hotspots<br />
• Large Scale Requirements (Million of APs, Million of IP addresses)<br />
• Security requirements for private / public traffic segregation, fraud prevention and billing<br />
• Roaming requirement between APs<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 18
• Carrier-Grade<br />
• Unified Architecture<br />
• Seamless Experience<br />
• Converged Packet<br />
Core<br />
• Intelligent & Secure<br />
Access Radio<br />
Metro <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
SMB<br />
Managed AP<br />
3G/4G<br />
Macro Site<br />
Stadium / Large<br />
Venue<br />
IP<br />
Backhaul<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>reless Control<br />
System (WCS)<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>reless LAN<br />
Controller (WLC)<br />
WLC for<br />
On<br />
Premise<br />
Content<br />
CAR/CNR<br />
UCS<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong><br />
ASR 5000<br />
IP Core<br />
Indoor<br />
Hotspot<br />
MSP<br />
Credentials<br />
Partner<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
Internet<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 19
CAR/CNR<br />
ASR 5000<br />
<strong>Service</strong> Control<br />
• Bandwidth<br />
Monitoring and<br />
Management<br />
• Policy<br />
Definitions<br />
• Subscriber<br />
Database<br />
Management<br />
• Billing and<br />
OSS Systems<br />
Reliable<br />
Hardware<br />
WCS<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>reless Control<br />
System (WCS)<br />
• <strong>Wi</strong>reless Mesh<br />
Management<br />
System enables<br />
network-wide<br />
policy<br />
configuration and<br />
device<br />
management\<br />
• SNMPv3,<br />
Syslog, IPSec,<br />
AAA, etc<br />
WLC<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>reless LAN<br />
Controller<br />
• Handles RF<br />
algorithms and<br />
optimization<br />
• Seamless L3<br />
Mobility<br />
• Security and<br />
Mobility control<br />
• Image<br />
Management<br />
Root Access<br />
Point<br />
• Serves as ―Root‖<br />
AP to the wired<br />
network<br />
• Typically located<br />
on roof-tops or<br />
towers<br />
• Connects up to<br />
35 Mesh APs<br />
using 802.11a<br />
Industry Proven Devices at Every Layer<br />
Mesh Access<br />
Point<br />
• 802.11b/g client<br />
access<br />
• Connects to Root<br />
AP via 802.11a<br />
• AC/DC power;<br />
PoE capable<br />
• Ethernet port for<br />
connecting<br />
peripheral<br />
devices<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 20
ClientLink<br />
CleanAir<br />
Band<br />
Select<br />
Video<br />
Stream<br />
Best in class RRM coupled with ―legacy beamforming‖<br />
to deliver focused power to clients.<br />
Improves <strong>Network</strong> Throughput and Coverage<br />
Sophisticated ―Spectrum Intelligence‖ to monitor the<br />
airwaves, detect, locate & classify interference, alert IT<br />
and automatically reconfigure the network to avoid.<br />
Improves <strong>Network</strong> Reliability<br />
Optimized RF utilization by moving 5 GHz capable<br />
client out of the congested 2.4 GHz channels.<br />
Improves <strong>Network</strong> Throughput<br />
Extends reliable multicast into the wireless network by<br />
converting multicast to unicast at the AP<br />
Efficient Video over WLAN<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 21
• Provisioning – Image<br />
download automatically<br />
• Self-configuring, Zerotouch<br />
configuration<br />
• Operational management<br />
through CAPWAP<br />
standard interface. WCS<br />
used for operational view<br />
and reporting.<br />
• RF Management , RRM<br />
and Clean Air<br />
Controller<br />
Increased network visibility, stability and end user performance<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 22
802.11<br />
Apple<br />
Airport<br />
Web<br />
Auth<br />
WISPr 1.0<br />
WISPr 2.0<br />
1997 1999 2003 2007 2010 2011<br />
Portal Page<br />
Username<br />
Password<br />
Auto<br />
Portal Page<br />
Username<br />
Password<br />
Apple<br />
iPhone<br />
Untrusted <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> <strong>Network</strong><br />
Web based Auth / No Encryption<br />
Mostly Hotspot side business<br />
Auto<br />
Portal Page<br />
Username<br />
Password<br />
EAP-SIM<br />
HS2.0<br />
Trusted<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> <strong>Network</strong><br />
802.1x / 802.11i<br />
3G Offload<br />
802.1x<br />
802.11i<br />
EAP-FAST<br />
EAP-SIM<br />
EAP-TLS<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 23
ATT<br />
Aircel<br />
British Telecom<br />
CSL<br />
China Mobile<br />
Comcast<br />
Deutsche Telekom<br />
Du<br />
FON<br />
Freedom4<br />
Gowex<br />
KDDI<br />
KT<br />
IND SAT M2<br />
Meteor <strong>Network</strong><br />
Europe:<br />
British Telecom (Chair)<br />
Orange (Co-chair)<br />
Portugal Telecom<br />
WBA is becoming ―GSMA of <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong>‖<br />
Clearinghouses,<br />
Operators Aggregators, etc. Vendors<br />
NTT Communications<br />
NTT DoCoMo<br />
Orange<br />
PCCW<br />
Softbank<br />
Tata<br />
Telecom Italia<br />
Telefonica<br />
Tomizone<br />
TTNet<br />
True Telecom<br />
Turk Telecom<br />
Verizon <strong>Wi</strong>reless<br />
Vex<br />
YTL Solutions<br />
Board of Directors<br />
Americas:<br />
ATT<br />
Boingo<br />
Deutsche Telekom<br />
Aicent<br />
Accuris<br />
Boingo<br />
Comfone<br />
Connection <strong>Service</strong>s<br />
Devicescape<br />
iPass<br />
MACH<br />
QuickConnect<br />
Starhub<br />
Syniverse<br />
APAC:<br />
KT<br />
True<br />
Tata<br />
Aruba<br />
Bel-Air<br />
Broadhop<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong><br />
Google<br />
GreenPacket<br />
Intel<br />
Meru<br />
Ruckus<br />
Skype<br />
Vendor:<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong><br />
open<br />
open<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 24
SP name<br />
HS 2.0<br />
SP name<br />
HS 2.0<br />
3G-Like Experience<br />
SP Name<br />
3G<br />
Phone<br />
or MID<br />
HS2.0 Home SP<br />
Visited SP<br />
3G<br />
HS2.0 Roaming<br />
Context-Aware <strong>Service</strong>s<br />
Dynamic<br />
Icon Bar<br />
Secure, universal roaming on par with cellular Leapfrog cellular with context-aware<br />
MSAP: Mobility <strong>Service</strong>s Advertisement Protocol<br />
Associated<br />
Technologies<br />
802.11u<br />
802.1x<br />
Universal Credentials:<br />
� EAP-SIM<br />
� EAP-TLS<br />
� EAP-FAST<br />
Roaming<br />
Agreements:<br />
� WRIX<br />
SP name<br />
HS 2.0<br />
SP name<br />
HS 2.0<br />
SP name<br />
HS 2.0<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 25<br />
Web<br />
<strong>Service</strong><br />
Associated<br />
Technologies<br />
802.11u<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> MSAP
Mobile<br />
decides to<br />
associate<br />
with WLAN<br />
802.11<br />
security<br />
association<br />
setup<br />
MN AP/WLC AS<br />
Beacon (Interworking, Roaming Consortium)<br />
GAS-Initial-Req (NAI Realm List)<br />
GAS-Initial-Resp (NAI Realm List)<br />
Authentication (open)<br />
Authentication (open, status)<br />
Association Request<br />
Association Response<br />
EAP exchange (EAPOL)<br />
4-Way Handshake<br />
802.11u<br />
doesn’t<br />
change<br />
anything<br />
after this<br />
EAP exchange (Radius)<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 26
Element ID Length <strong>Network</strong><br />
Type<br />
B0 - B3 B4 B5 B6 B7<br />
Internet ASRA ESR UESA<br />
• This element is in beacons and probe responses<br />
• <strong>Network</strong> type:<br />
One of: {private | private with guest access | chargeable | free}<br />
STAs can selectively scan for desired network type<br />
• Internet: set to 1 if SSID provides internet access<br />
Venue Info<br />
(optional)<br />
HESSID<br />
(optional)<br />
Octets: 1 1 0 or 2 0 or 6<br />
• ASRA (additional authentication step required): set to 1 if Web-auth/WISPR<br />
configured on this SSID<br />
• ESR (emergency services reachable): set to 1 if emergency services are<br />
reachable on this SSID<br />
• UESA (un-authenticated emergency services accessible): set to 1 if emergency<br />
services are accessible for terminals not having valid security credentials on<br />
this SSID<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 27
• Venue information: extensive table of venue groups and venue types to aid client in culling<br />
list of candidate networks<br />
Venue Group: {Assembly, Business, Educational, Factory, Mercantile, Residential, etc.}<br />
Venue Type:<br />
{Assembly [Arena, Stadium, Passenger Terminal, Restaurant, Coffee Shop, Bar, etc.],<br />
Business [Attorney’s office, Bank, Doctor’s office, R&D facility, unspecified, etc.]<br />
Mercantile [Grocery Market, Retail store, Shopping Mall, unspecified, etc.]<br />
etc.}<br />
• HESSID: Globally unique network identifier—SPs can now uniquely identify each of their<br />
networks<br />
Used in conjunction with SSID<br />
SSID can be set by user to anything (e.g., how many ―Linksys-g‖ SSIDs are out there?)<br />
HESSID value is assigned to be one of the MAC addresses of an AP in the network/ESS<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 28
• This element is in beacons and probe responses<br />
• Client scans & receives beacon having this element and can<br />
quickly determine if there are any <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> networks for which it has<br />
valid security credentials<br />
• Each SP or consortium of SPs must register with IEEE to obtain OI<br />
• Element gives OI for top 3 SPs (or consortium of SPs) having<br />
roaming agreements with <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> access network provider;<br />
remainder available via GAS-ANQP query<br />
• Number of GAS-ANQP OIs provides number of additional OIs<br />
which will be returned on a GAS-ANQP query (see subsequent<br />
slide)<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 29
Access Offload and<br />
Convergent Access <strong>Network</strong><br />
Strategy<br />
© 2011 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 31
Residential<br />
(Private SSID)<br />
Cellular<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
Radio<br />
Access<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
� User selects private SSID and associates with the <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> access<br />
� Authentication is done at WLAN access level (WEP, WPA…)<br />
� Direct Traffic Offload, Mobile operator is loosing control over the<br />
offloaded traffic<br />
Metro<br />
Aggregation<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
HLR/<br />
HSS<br />
Mobile<br />
Packet Core<br />
SGSN GGSN<br />
Internet<br />
Walled Garden<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 32
Residential<br />
(802.1x SSID)<br />
Public Hotspot<br />
(802.1x SSID)<br />
Cellular<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
Radio<br />
Access<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
� User selects eligible SSID and associates with <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong><br />
� Authentication is done via a EAP (e.g. EAP-SIM/AKA) at the access<br />
network level<br />
� Requires centralized address management and high end scaling of<br />
the residential gateway aggregation (SP-WIFI architecture)<br />
� Optionally, operator may enforce some policies (QoS, DPI, etc.) and<br />
allow walled garden access<br />
Metro<br />
Aggregation<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
SGSN<br />
RADIUS<br />
MAP<br />
HLR/<br />
HSS<br />
AAA/PCRF<br />
Mobile<br />
Packet Core<br />
GGSN<br />
Internet<br />
Walled Garden<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 33<br />
ISG
Public Hotspot<br />
(private or open<br />
SSID)<br />
Residential<br />
(private or open<br />
SSID)<br />
Cellular<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
Radio<br />
Access<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
� User selects open SSID and associates with <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong><br />
� Authentication is done via a EAP-SIM/AKA over IKEv2<br />
� User device establishes IPSec TTG, PDG or ePDG<br />
� GTP or PMIPv6 provide network based mobility<br />
� GGSN/PDG/PGW provides access to mobile Internet services &<br />
enforces policies<br />
Metro<br />
Aggregation<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
IPSEC<br />
RADIUS<br />
DIAMETER<br />
MAP<br />
HLR/<br />
HSS<br />
AAA/PCRF<br />
TTG<br />
(ePDG)<br />
GTP<br />
(PMIPv6)<br />
Mobile<br />
Packet Core<br />
SGSN GGSN<br />
(PGW)<br />
Internet<br />
Walled Garden<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 34
• Overlay Models<br />
Session Anchoring in Mobile Packet Core<br />
<strong>Fi</strong>xed Broadband BNG not involved (from session mngmt perspective)<br />
Models :<br />
- Client Centric : IWLAN, S2b, S2c with TTG/PDG/ePDG/PGW in MPC<br />
- <strong>Network</strong> Centric : S2a with MAG in Residential Gateway<br />
• Cooperative Models<br />
Session Anchoring in Mobile Packet Core<br />
<strong>Fi</strong>xed Broadband BNG involved as first hop device<br />
Leverage <strong>Cisco</strong> Adaptive Intelligent Routing (AIR)<br />
Models :<br />
- Client Centric : S2b, S2c with ePDG/LMA on BNG – Edge Gway<br />
- <strong>Network</strong> Centric : S2a with MAG on BNG<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 35
Collaborative Model<br />
Trusted Access – S2a<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone<br />
L2<br />
IPSEC<br />
PMIPv6<br />
AAA / BCRF AAA / PCRF<br />
BNG<br />
MAG<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
Interworking<br />
PMIPv6/S2a<br />
GTP/S2a<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
� BNG performs Mobile Access Gateway function and interworks with<br />
PGW (with PMIP) or GGSN (with GTP) through S2a intf.<br />
� BNG provides L2, IPSEC or PMIP connectivity on customer side to<br />
aggregate Residential Gateway Open-<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> service<br />
� In that case BNG performs a MAG function as defined at IETF<br />
netlmn<br />
Internet<br />
And<br />
Walled Garden<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 36<br />
PGW<br />
GGSN
Collaborative Model<br />
Untrusted Access – S2b<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
IPSEC / IKEv2<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone<br />
AAA / BCRF AAA / PCRF<br />
BNG<br />
TTG-ePDG<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
Interworking<br />
PMIPv6<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
Internet<br />
And<br />
Walled Garden<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 37<br />
GTP<br />
PGW<br />
GGSN<br />
� BNG performs Mobile Access Gateway function and interworks with PGW<br />
(with PMIP) or GGSN (with GTP)<br />
� BNG provides IPSEC / IKEv2 connectivity on customer side to aggregate<br />
end users<br />
� In that case BNG performs TTG or ePDG functions as defined at 3GPP
Overlay Model<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
Overlay Tunnel<br />
(PMIP)<br />
Overlay Tunnel<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone (IPSEC)<br />
AAA / BCRF AAA / PCRF<br />
BNG/CMTS<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
PDG/ePDG<br />
PGW<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
Internet<br />
And<br />
Walled Garden<br />
� Residential Gateway or End User device interwork with Mobile Packet Core<br />
without any assistance from the fixed network except IP connectivity<br />
� RG based model : Residential Gateway setup a PMIPv6 tunnel towards the<br />
PGW/ePDG<br />
� Client centric based model : UE setup an IPSEC/IKEv2 tunnel towards the<br />
PDG/ePDG<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 38
Traffic Tromboning to Mobile<br />
Packet Core<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone<br />
Traffic<br />
Local Breakout to the Internet<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone<br />
Traffic<br />
AAA / BCRF AAA / PCRF<br />
BNG<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
GGSN/PGW<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
AAA / BCRF AAA / PCRF<br />
BNG<br />
GGSN/PGW<br />
Local Breakout<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
Internet<br />
And<br />
Walled Garden<br />
Walled<br />
Garden<br />
Internet<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 40
• The select rules for offload/upload traffic can be scoped at different<br />
levels. However, in practical terms only few options make sense and<br />
can be supported<br />
<strong>Fi</strong>lter Scope<br />
Destination Prefix Operator value added services<br />
IP Flow Tuple src/dst address, src/dest port<br />
Application Granularity Application identifiers (Dest Port or IP Address)<br />
Access <strong>Network</strong> Identifiers SSID<br />
APN (PDN Identifier) <strong>Wi</strong>th single APN support for WLAN access, not<br />
an option for IPv4<br />
Location MAG IP Address<br />
{ Except-Offload-All Rule } The approach of VPN Split Tunneling<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 41
• The offload policy is applied on the input interface of the MAG<br />
interface, facing the access network.<br />
• The output interface for each IP flow from the mobile node, if its<br />
towards internet or packet core is based on the policy<br />
• Initially use of NAT for IPv4 is necessary, use of multiple prefixes and<br />
IP source address selection needed for IPv6<br />
Internet<br />
Interface-1<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
MAG<br />
Packet<br />
Core<br />
Tunnel-0<br />
VLAN-0 VLAN-1 (802.1q)<br />
Access<br />
Flow Selector Input<br />
Interface<br />
Offload policy Enforced<br />
on input interfaces<br />
Output<br />
Interface<br />
F1 VLAN-0 Tunnel-0<br />
F2 VLAN-1 Interface-1<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 42
<strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> Access Authentication<br />
EAPOL<br />
802.11i<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone<br />
IKEv2 Mobile Packet Core<br />
Authentication<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi RG<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>fi Zone<br />
Overlay Tunnel<br />
(IPSEC)<br />
AAA EAP/RADIUS AAA / HLR<br />
BNG/CMTS<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
IP Aggregation<br />
And Core<br />
Interworking Tunnel<br />
(PMIP)<br />
GGSN/PGW<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
AAA / BCRF AAA / HLR<br />
BNG/CMTS<br />
EAP/IKEv2<br />
PDG/ePDG<br />
PGW<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
EAP/RADIUS<br />
Internet<br />
And<br />
Walled Garden<br />
Internet<br />
And<br />
Walled Garden<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 43
<strong>Network</strong> Based Mobility<br />
Home IP<br />
Address (constant)<br />
Visited IP<br />
Address (changing)<br />
Application Based Mobility<br />
Visited IP<br />
Address (changing)<br />
Tunnel (IPSEC, MIP)<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 44<br />
PGW<br />
PGW<br />
Mobile Packet<br />
Core<br />
Content /<br />
Application<br />
Content /<br />
Application
HOTSPOT<br />
STADIUM<br />
RESIDENTIAL<br />
UN-TRUSTED<br />
WITH IPSEC<br />
(I-WLAN)<br />
802.11 AP<br />
802.11 AP<br />
Residential<br />
CPE<br />
Mobile Packet Core<br />
IPSec Access<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
Macro <strong>Network</strong><br />
WCS<br />
DSL<br />
Cable<br />
IPsec Gateway<br />
(ePDG)<br />
PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/a)<br />
PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/b)<br />
PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/a)<br />
Macro Cell<br />
Access<br />
PDN Gateway<br />
(HA/LMA)<br />
Unique<br />
Session<br />
Management<br />
Mobile Packet Core<br />
PMIPv6 DSMIPv6 (3GPP (3GPP S2/b) S2/c)<br />
DSMIPv6 (3GPP S2/c)<br />
UN-TRUSTED<br />
WITH CLIENT<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 46<br />
Mobile Packet Core MACRO ACCESS
HOTSPOT<br />
STADIUM<br />
RESIDENTIAL<br />
UN-TRUSTED<br />
WITH IPSEC<br />
(I-WLAN)<br />
802.11 AP<br />
802.11 AP<br />
Residential<br />
CPE Mobile Packet Core<br />
IPSec Access<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
Macro <strong>Network</strong><br />
WCS<br />
IPsec Gateway<br />
(ePDG)<br />
PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/a)<br />
Visited<br />
Session<br />
Management<br />
PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/a)<br />
PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/b)<br />
Macro Cell<br />
Access<br />
PDN Gateway<br />
(HA/LMA)<br />
Home<br />
Session<br />
Management<br />
Mobile Packet Core<br />
DSMIPv6 (3GPP S2/c)<br />
UN-TRUSTED<br />
WITH CLIENT<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 47<br />
Mobile Packet Core MACRO ACCESS
Client Strategies<br />
© 2011 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 48
Client<br />
Provisioning<br />
ANDSF<br />
&<br />
HS2.0<br />
Identities<br />
Local Connection Profiles<br />
DB<br />
DB<br />
SIM<br />
Certs<br />
User/pwd<br />
Dynamic<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
3G<br />
CDMA<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>MAX<br />
Satellite<br />
Ethernet<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
Native CM GUI<br />
Logging<br />
WISPR<br />
OS CM<br />
API<br />
QOS<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
Monitoring<br />
Event Logic / Connection Policies Rules / PRE<br />
OS APIs<br />
OS<br />
Power<br />
API<br />
HS 2.0<br />
OS<br />
Location<br />
API<br />
Base Client<br />
OS EAP<br />
API<br />
Applications<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> IP<br />
3G IP<br />
Interfaces<br />
3G<br />
Native Interfaces<br />
CDMA IP<br />
CDMA<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>MAX<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>MAX IP<br />
Satellite<br />
Satellite IP<br />
Ethernet IP<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 49<br />
Ethernet
Client<br />
Provision<br />
ing<br />
ANDS<br />
F/HS2.<br />
0<br />
OS MDM<br />
API<br />
Identities<br />
Local Connection Profiles<br />
DB<br />
DB<br />
SIM<br />
Certs<br />
User/pwd<br />
Dynamic<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.<br />
3G Event Logic / Connection Policies Rules / PRE<br />
CDMA<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>MAX<br />
Satellite<br />
Ethernet<br />
OS OMA-<br />
DM API<br />
Native CM GUI<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong><br />
WISPR<br />
Other GUI<br />
I-WLAN<br />
Other GUI<br />
VPN<br />
QOS<br />
<strong>Network</strong><br />
Monitoring<br />
Logging<br />
HS2.0<br />
OS CM<br />
API<br />
RSVP<br />
CDP<br />
LLDP<br />
Video Client<br />
OS<br />
Power<br />
API<br />
DRM<br />
SCTP<br />
LISP<br />
Logic<br />
OS APIs<br />
ScanSafe<br />
MIP<br />
Logic<br />
OS<br />
Location<br />
API<br />
WEBEX<br />
IMS<br />
Voice<br />
CSF<br />
I-WLAN<br />
Logic<br />
VPN Logic<br />
OS EAP<br />
API<br />
Virtual Interface<br />
Applications<br />
Routing Policies<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong><br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> IP<br />
3G IP<br />
Interfaces<br />
3G<br />
Native Interfaces<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Generic Interceptor /<br />
Virtual Adapter– VPN / Mobile IP / PMIP / LISP<br />
OS PC/SC API<br />
SIM Access<br />
CDMA IP<br />
CDMA<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>MAX<br />
<strong>Wi</strong>MAX IP<br />
Satellite<br />
Satellite IP<br />
Ethernet IP<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 50<br />
Ethernet
Femto and <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong><br />
Offload Models<br />
Jim Tavares, Director<br />
Strategy & Business Development<br />
<strong>Cisco</strong> <strong>Service</strong>s<br />
May, 2011
• <strong>Network</strong>s are (and have always been) sized for the busy hour<br />
• Video has driven the busy hour into the evening (when subscribers are<br />
home)<br />
• This movement allows femto & wifi small cells to directly offload macro<br />
network costs in the busy hour<br />
Load<br />
0.08<br />
0.07<br />
0.06<br />
0.05<br />
0.04<br />
0.03<br />
0.02<br />
0.01<br />
0<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22<br />
Load<br />
Hour<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 52
Macro <strong>Network</strong><br />
A very expensive asset from a capex and opex<br />
perspective, but…<br />
It is fully utilized in the busy hour<br />
Femto & <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> Small Cells<br />
A very inexpensive asset from a capex and opex<br />
perspective, but…<br />
it may only be partially utilized in the busy hour<br />
Macro Cost ($/Mbps) Femto & <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> Cost ($/Mbps)<br />
Opex & Capex<br />
Max Theoretical Busy Hour Capacity<br />
Opex & Capex<br />
Actual Busy Hour Usage<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 53
Macro is a ―pay as you go‖ model<br />
$<br />
Busy Hour Mbps<br />
$/GB<br />
Gigabytes per month<br />
Femto and <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> are ―all you can eat‖ models<br />
$<br />
Busy Hour Mbps<br />
$/GB<br />
Gigabytes per month<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 54
Three cost models each for Femto/<strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> radios<br />
Carrier Purchased (multi-year amortization)<br />
Carrier Purchased (immediately expensed)<br />
Subscriber Purchased<br />
Two architectural models each for Femto/<strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> radios<br />
Optimized<br />
Un-optimized<br />
Three models for Macro*<br />
One Carrier<br />
Two Carrier<br />
Three Carrier<br />
* We modeled the Macro at 100% busy hour utilization, which in truth is<br />
rarely seen<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 55
Monthly Cost ($)<br />
$/Month<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
Bronze User (300MB/month) Silver User (1.5GB/month) Gold User (5 GB/month)<br />
Macro 1 Carrier<br />
Macro 2 Carrier<br />
Macro 3 Carrier<br />
Femto/<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> 1 year depreciation<br />
Femto/<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> 3 year depreciation<br />
Femto/<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> subscriber purchase<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 56
• Macrocells and Small Cells have very different cost models<br />
• Macro is ―pay as you go‖<br />
• Small cells are ―all you can eat‖<br />
• $1.5 GB per month in subscriber use<br />
is the common cost crossover<br />
point for small cells and macro cells<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 57<br />
© 2010 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 57
• ―3G Offload‖ is ready today for :<br />
Standalone <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> (with 3G/4G roaming)<br />
Trusted or untrusted 3G/4G core integration<br />
e2e architectures tried and tested<br />
• The business case is clear<br />
Small cells are REQUIRED for capacity<br />
<strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> has that capacity at the right price (802.11n + <strong>Cisco</strong> CleanAir)<br />
Device <strong>Wi</strong><strong>Fi</strong> chipset penetration is at critical mass<br />
• <strong>Why</strong> <strong>Wi</strong>-<strong>Fi</strong> ?<br />
Optimising infrastructure costs & reducing cost of delivery<br />
Creating & monetising new business opportunities<br />
Increasing average user experience and .. happiness<br />
© 2011 <strong>Cisco</strong> and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. <strong>Cisco</strong> Confidential 58
Thank you.
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