Uttarakhand - Department of Land Resources

eservoirs to hold the excess runoff, dissipate the energy of flowing water and
provide increased opportunity time for runoff absorption. Tillage, mulching and
residue management practices are helpful in reducing erosion losses and increasing
in situ moisture conservation in the soil profile. Tillage influences physical
characteristics of soil and infiltration of rain water; whereas mulching and residue
management practices check evaporation losses of water and also help in
improvement of soil fertility.
Integrated Weed Management
Weeds are integral part of cropping system. Weeds are naturally selected and have
the ability to survive under adverse condition. No-single method in the past has
proved effective against weeds. IWM is a combination of mechanical, cultural,
manual, biological and chemical method of weed control. Potential yields of any crop
can be obtained only when the weeds are properly managed. Weeds compete for
moisture, nutrients, space and they acts as hosts for many pests and disease.
Therefore IWM is imperative. Unlike IPNM the source of weeds are innumerable, for
example weed can spread through FYM, soil, wind, water along with crop seeds and
by birds. Therefore to manage the weeds we must select well-decomposed weed
seed free compost. Before sowing, after sowing, during crop period and after
harvesting, weeds shall be controlled. Only certified seeds / planting materials,
seeds shall be used. Creating awareness among the farmers (users groups) by
publicity, propaganda, and organizing communities. IWM shall be practiced through
demonstrations on the lines of farmer field demonstrations.
Integrated Pest & Disease Management
IPDM is a management tool for pests and disease management, where in
mechanical, cultural, biological, chemical, use of resistant varieties, and quarantine
methods are carefully combined to keep pest & diseases at below economic injury
levels to obtain optimum crop yields. The advantages of IPDM are:
IPDM is Eco & farmer friendly.
Environmentally safe.
Cost effective.
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