1.1 MB pdf - Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project
1.1 MB pdf - Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project 1.1 MB pdf - Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project
SECTION 4: RISK CHARACTERIZATION cobalt, copper, lead, zinc, and 4,4’-DDE for both heron and tern; and arochlor 1254 for tern. The NOAEL HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.3 for copper (heron) to 220 for zinc (tern). The LOAEL HQs ranged from 1.0 for copper (heron) to 91 for 4,4’-DDE (tern). Cobalt and lead showed some possible risk to stilts, but had relatively low HQs. Several chemicals had uncertain risks (Category U) including barium, chromium, nickel, selenium, vanadium, 4,4’-DDD, and dieldrin. The NOAEL HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.1 for nickel (tern) to 350 for selenium (tern). 4.1.3 Surface Water – Aquatic Receptors Potential risks to aquatic receptors from exposure to surface water were evaluated using several RTVs (Table 4-4) including California State acute and chronic standards (used for all receptors - plants, invertebrates, and fish), established benchmarks (plants), and estimated NOECs and LOECs from the site-specific bioassays conducted using aquatic invertebrates and fish. In addition, the toxicity of surface waters to aquatic invertebrates and fish was also measured using bioassays (Table 3-14), and is discussed with the estimated risks for each area below. 4.1.3.1 Bolsa Bay Aquatic Plants Risk estimates for aquatic plants showed that only one chemical, dissolved copper, exceeded any of the RTVs (Table 4-4). However, it showed probable risk (Category A) to plants because it exceeded the acute California Water Quality Standard (CA-WQS). Aquatic Invertebrates Evaluations for aquatic invertebrates (Table 4-4) showed that dissolved copper had probable risk (Category A) for exceedance of the acute CA-WQS. Four other inorganic and 2 organic chemicals showed possible risk (Category B) because they exceeded the low-effect level (Ceriodaphnia LOEC). The HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.4 (dissolved cadmium) to 32 (sulfate). Chemicals with some possible risk (Category C) exceeded a no-effect level, but not a low-effect level. The HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.1 to 1.7. Fish Risk estimates for fish (Table 4-4) showed that dissolved copper had probable risk (Category A), dissolved silver and dissolved zinc had some possible risk (Category C), and dissolved beryllium and dissolved chromium had uncertain risk (Category U). The HQs for all of these chemicals were close to 1. Toxicity bioassays were conducted to evaluate toxicity to topsmelt using surface water samples from Inner Bolsa Bay (Cell IB). The percentage of sample resulting in NOECs for development, survival, and reproduction was 90.9 percent (the sample was adjusted for salinity, so could not be tested at full strength). Because no adverse effects were seen in this sample, the LOEC was greater than 90.9 percent. 4.1.3.2 Full Tidal Aquatic Plants Evaluation of potential risk to aquatic plants (Table 4-4) showed that only 4 chemicals were of concern. Two, dissolved copper and endrin, have probable risk (Category A) to aquatic SAC/143368(004.DOC) 4-15 ERA REPORT 7/31/02
SECTION 4: RISK CHARACTERIZATION plants. Dissolved copper exceeded no-, low-, and acute RTVs with the HQs of 7.8, 2.5, and 1.6 respectively. Endrin had HQs of 23 and 1.5 for the low-effect (chronic CA-WQS) and acute CA-WQS, respectively. Two chemicals (dissolved nickel and dieldrin) had possible risk (Category B) for exceeding the chronic CA-WQS. Aquatic Invertebrates Potential risks to aquatic invertebrates were probable (Category A) for dissolved copper and endrin (Table 4-4). Several chemicals showed possible risks (Category B) with LOEC HQs ranging from 1.1 (dieldrin) to 86 (sulfate). Fish Chemicals with probable risk (Category A) consisted of dissolved copper and endrin (Table 4-4). Chemicals with possible risk were dissolved nickel and dieldrin, with CA-WQS chronic HQs of 2.9 and 6.8, respectively. Dissolved arsenic, dissolved cadmium, dissolved lead, and dissolved zinc showed some possible risk with NOEC HQs ranging from 1.0 (zinc) to 3.3 (cadmium and arsenic). Toxicity bioassays using topsmelt were conducted on surface water samples collected from Cells 3 and 17 in the Full Tidal area. Neither sample was toxic to test organisms, but both were adjusted for salinity and could not be tested at full strength. Percents of sample resulting in NOECs for development, survival, and reproduction were 30.3 for Cell 3 and 73.2 for Cell 17. These were the highest concentrations of original sample tested. Because no effects were seen, LOECs were greater than the tested concentrations. 4.1.3.3 Future Full Tidal Aquatic Plants Evaluations for aquatic plants (Table 4-4) indicated that copper (total and dissolved) could have probable risks (Category A) for aquatic plants. The acute HQs were 3.1 and 2.7, respectively. Chemicals with possible risk (Category B) consisted of arsenic, lead, nickel (total and dissolved), zinc (total and dissolved), 4,4’-DDT, and dieldrin. The HQs for these chemicals were less than 10 with the exception of 4,4’-DDT (13) when compared to the chronic CA-WQS, and copper (15) and dissolved copper (13) when compared to the lowest chronic value for plants. Aquatic Invertebrates Copper (total and dissolved) was the only chemical with probable risk to aquatic invertebrates (Table 4-4). There were several chemicals with possible risk (Category B). The LOEC HQs for these chemicals were less than 10 with the exception of arsenic (15), sulfate (133), TPH-diesel (6,667) and waste oil (3,596). Toxicity bioassays were conducted on surface waters collected from Cell 38 (Ceriodaphnia), and Cell 36 (Mysidopsis). Bioassays using Ceriodaphnia were planned for the samples collected from Cell 36, but given the total dissolved solids (electrical conductivity), Mysidopsis were used instead. As such, the test waters were adjusted for salinity. Results of the Ceriodaphnia tests found that samples were slightly toxic to test organisms. The percentage of sample resulting in NOECs for reproduction, development, and survival was 50 percent and 100 percent for LOECs of reproduction, development, and survival. The EC 50 for reproduction was greater than 50 percent. The LC 50 was 57.4 percent. Mysidopsis ERA REPORT 4-16 SAC/143368(004.DOC) 7/31/02
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SECTION 4: RISK CHARACTERIZATION<br />
cobalt, copper, lead, zinc, and 4,4’-DDE for both heron and tern; and arochlor 1254 for tern.<br />
The NOAEL HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.3 for copper (heron) to 220 for zinc<br />
(tern). The LOAEL HQs ranged from 1.0 for copper (heron) to 91 for 4,4’-DDE (tern). Cobalt<br />
and lead showed some possible risk to stilts, but had relatively low HQs. Several chemicals<br />
had uncertain risks (Category U) including barium, chromium, nickel, selenium, vanadium,<br />
4,4’-DDD, and dieldrin. The NOAEL HQs for these chemicals ranged from <strong>1.1</strong> for nickel<br />
(tern) to 350 for selenium (tern).<br />
4.1.3 Surface Water – Aquatic Receptors<br />
Potential risks to aquatic receptors from exposure to surface water were evaluated using<br />
several RTVs (Table 4-4) including California State acute and chronic standards (used for all<br />
receptors - plants, invertebrates, and fish), established benchmarks (plants), and estimated<br />
NOECs and LOECs from the site-specific bioassays conducted using aquatic invertebrates<br />
and fish. In addition, the toxicity of surface waters to aquatic invertebrates and fish was also<br />
measured using bioassays (Table 3-14), and is discussed with the estimated risks for each<br />
area below.<br />
4.1.3.1 <strong>Bolsa</strong> Bay<br />
Aquatic Plants<br />
Risk estimates for aquatic plants showed that only one chemical, dissolved copper, exceeded<br />
any of the RTVs (Table 4-4). However, it showed probable risk (Category A) to plants<br />
because it exceeded the acute California Water Quality Standard (CA-WQS).<br />
Aquatic Invertebrates<br />
Evaluations for aquatic invertebrates (Table 4-4) showed that dissolved copper had probable<br />
risk (Category A) for exceedance of the acute CA-WQS. Four other inorganic and 2 organic<br />
chemicals showed possible risk (Category B) because they exceeded the low-effect level<br />
(Ceriodaphnia LOEC). The HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.4 (dissolved cadmium) to<br />
32 (sulfate). Chemicals with some possible risk (Category C) exceeded a no-effect level, but<br />
not a low-effect level. The HQs for these chemicals ranged from <strong>1.1</strong> to 1.7.<br />
Fish<br />
Risk estimates for fish (Table 4-4) showed that dissolved copper had probable risk<br />
(Category A), dissolved silver and dissolved zinc had some possible risk (Category C), and<br />
dissolved beryllium and dissolved chromium had uncertain risk (Category U). The HQs for<br />
all of these chemicals were close to 1.<br />
Toxicity bioassays were conducted to evaluate toxicity to topsmelt using surface water<br />
samples from Inner <strong>Bolsa</strong> Bay (Cell IB). The percentage of sample resulting in NOECs for<br />
development, survival, and reproduction was 90.9 percent (the sample was adjusted for<br />
salinity, so could not be tested at full strength). Because no adverse effects were seen in this<br />
sample, the LOEC was greater than 90.9 percent.<br />
4.1.3.2 Full Tidal<br />
Aquatic Plants<br />
Evaluation of potential risk to aquatic plants (Table 4-4) showed that only 4 chemicals were<br />
of concern. Two, dissolved copper and endrin, have probable risk (Category A) to aquatic<br />
SAC/143368(004.DOC) 4-15 ERA REPORT<br />
7/31/02
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