1.1 MB pdf - Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project
1.1 MB pdf - Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project 1.1 MB pdf - Bolsa Chica Lowlands Restoration Project
SECTION 4: RISK CHARACTERIZATION selenium exceeded both chronic NOECs and chronic LOECs. Chemicals exceeding chronic LOECs included 10 inorganics and 2 organics. The overall risk for these chemicals is considered to be possible (Category B). All HQs for excceedances of chronic LOECs were less than 10. Arsenic (HQ=5.5) and lead (HQ=5.5) had the highest HQs. Of those chemicals exceeding chronic LOECs, only one was evaluated using an exposure point concentration that was ½ the reporting limit for a non-detect. Aquatic Invertebrates Aquatic invertebrates were evaluated using all levels of RTVs including chronic no-effects (NOECs), chronic low-effects (ER-L and LC20s), and acute effects (ER-M and LC 50 ). Chemicals that exceeded at least one effect level are presented in Table 4-3. Chemicals with the highest level of risk (Category A- probable) exceeded either the ER-M and/or LC 50 amphipod test values. These included the inorganic chemicals, nickel, selenium, and thallium (HQs ranging from 1.7 to 2.7). Among the organics, the ER-M was exceeded for six chemicals: 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE, chlordane (technical, alpha, and gamma), and total DDT, with HQs ranging from 1.8 (4,4’-DDD) to 43 (chlordane-technical). The LC 50 was exceeded by di-n-octylphthalate, TPH diesel, waste oil, and combined TPH diesel plus waste oil. The HQs for these chemicals ranged from 2.3 (di-n-octylphthalate) to 4.2 (TPH diesel). Possible risks (Category B) in which the chemical concentration exceeded a chronic loweffect level (i.e., ER-L or the LC 20 value for amphipod toxicity) were observed for a number of inorganic and organic parameters, as follows. Inorganics that exceeded the ER-L included arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, with HQs ranging from 1.1 to 6.7. Organics exceeding the ER-L included 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE, 4,4’-DDT, chlordane (technical, alpha, and gamma), dieldrin, total DDT, and total PCBs. HQs among this group were generally higher than for the inorganics (ranging from 1 to 520). Inorganic chemicals exceeding the LC 20 included beryllium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, selenium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc (HQ ranging from 1.3 to 7.1). Organics exceeding the LC 20 included beno(b)fluoranthene, di-n-octylphthalate, oil and grease, phenanthrene, TPH diesel, waste oil, combined TPH diesel plus waste oil, low molecular weight (MW) PAHs, and total PAHs. HQ for these exceedances ranged from 1 to 51 (TPH diesel). A small number of chemicals showed some possible risk (Category C) including silver, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and high MW PAHs with HQs ranging from 1.1 to 52 (fluoranthene). A large number of chemicals resulted in uncertain risks (Category U) because low-effect levels were not available. HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.1 to 27. The potential for risk to these chemicals may be overestimated since they were compared to the Nereis NOEC, but they did not have a low-effect level available. Two toxicity bioassays were conducted with sediment collected from Bolsa Bay. The tests were conducted using the marine amphipod (Eohaustorius estuarius). Neither sample was toxic, and results were not statistically different from controls for survival and reburial. Two sediment bioaccumulation studies were conducted using the clam worm Nereis viriens. None of the samples were significantly different from controls for survival, but barium, nickel, and 4,4’-DDE showed significantly increased levels of bioaccumulation in worms SAC/143368(004.DOC) 4-7 ERA REPORT 7/31/02
SECTION 4: RISK CHARACTERIZATION tested in sediment collected from Outer Bolsa Bay. 4,4’-DDE also showed significantly increased bioaccumulation in worms tested in Inner Bolsa Bay sediments. Semi-Aquatic Birds Semi-aquatic birds used to estimate risks included the heron, stilt, and tern (Table 4-2). The tern was the most sensitive receptor (e.g., highest HQs) followed by the heron and then stilt. Chemicals that showed the highest risk (Category B) included cobalt and Aroclor 1254 for the tern; and copper, lead, zinc, and 4,4’-DDE for both heron and tern. NOAEL HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.4 for copper (heron) to 91 for zinc (tern). The LOAEL HQs ranged from 1.1 for copper (heron) to 10 for zinc (tern). Two chemicals, cobalt (heron) and lead (stilt), showed some possible risk (Category C) since they exceed NOAELs, but not LOAELs. Several chemicals (including chromium, selenium, vanadium, and dieldrin) showed uncertain risk since they exceeded a NOAEL, but there was not a LOAEL available to fully quantify the risks. The NAOEL HQs for these chemicals ranged from 1.0 for vanadium (heron) to 54 for chromium (tern). 4.1.2.2 Full Tidal Aquatic Plants Estimates of potential risk to aquatic plants (Table 4-1) in sediments of the Full Tidal area indicated that risks are primarily as a result of metals and PAHs. Nickel and selenium exceeded both chronic RTVs with HQs of 8 and 380, respectively, for chronic NOECs and 3.2 and 127, respectively, for chronic LOECs. There were 16 chemicals that exceeded chronic LOECs, indicating a possible risk to aquatic plants (Category B). The highest HQs were observed for barium (HQ=23), benzo(a)pyrene (HQ=18), and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. Of those chemicals exceeding chronic LOECs, 5 were evaluated using an exposure point concentration that was ½ the reporting limit for a non-detect. Aquatic Invertebrates Evaluations for aquatic invertebrates (Table 4-3) showed that there were 6 inorganic chemicals and 20 organic chemicals with probable risk (Category A). These chemicals exceeded acute toxicity levels, as represented in Table 4-3 by the ER-M and LC 50 amphipod test values. The chemicals that exceeded both the ER-M and LC 50 consisted of nickel, fluorene, phenanthrene, and low MW PAHs. The HQs resulting from comparisons to LC 50 s tended to be higher than were observed for comparisons to ER-Ms where both RTVs were available for the same chemical. Overall, exceedances of ER-Ms resulted in HQs less than 10, whereas HQs for LC 50 comparisons exceeded 10 for endrin ketone (54), fluorene (143), TPH diesel (28), waste oil (14), and combined TPH diesel plus waste oil (16). The low-effect levels (i.e., ER-L or the LC 20 value for amphipod toxicity) were exceeded for a number of inorganic and organic chemicals. Those which did not have or exceed an acute effect level (discussed above) were given an overall risk rating of possible risk (Category B). This included 8 inorganics and 10 organics. The HQs for ER-L and LC 50 exceedances were less than 10, with the exception of dieldrin with an ER-L HQ of 380. There was only one chemical, fluoranthene, with some possible risk (Category C) since it exceeded the NOEC, but not any of the low-effect levels. However, there were 18 chemicals with uncertain risk (Category U) since they exceeded the Nereis toxicity NOEC, but did not have a low-effect level available to fully quantify the risk. ERA REPORT 4-8 SAC/143368(004.DOC) 7/31/02
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SECTION 4: RISK CHARACTERIZATION<br />
selenium exceeded both chronic NOECs and chronic LOECs. Chemicals exceeding chronic<br />
LOECs included 10 inorganics and 2 organics. The overall risk for these chemicals is<br />
considered to be possible (Category B). All HQs for excceedances of chronic LOECs were<br />
less than 10. Arsenic (HQ=5.5) and lead (HQ=5.5) had the highest HQs. Of those chemicals<br />
exceeding chronic LOECs, only one was evaluated using an exposure point concentration<br />
that was ½ the reporting limit for a non-detect.<br />
Aquatic Invertebrates<br />
Aquatic invertebrates were evaluated using all levels of RTVs including chronic no-effects<br />
(NOECs), chronic low-effects (ER-L and LC20s), and acute effects (ER-M and LC 50 ).<br />
Chemicals that exceeded at least one effect level are presented in Table 4-3.<br />
Chemicals with the highest level of risk (Category A- probable) exceeded either the ER-M<br />
and/or LC 50 amphipod test values. These included the inorganic chemicals, nickel, selenium,<br />
and thallium (HQs ranging from 1.7 to 2.7). Among the organics, the ER-M was exceeded for<br />
six chemicals: 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE, chlordane (technical, alpha, and gamma), and total DDT,<br />
with HQs ranging from 1.8 (4,4’-DDD) to 43 (chlordane-technical). The LC 50 was exceeded by<br />
di-n-octylphthalate, TPH diesel, waste oil, and combined TPH diesel plus waste oil. The HQs<br />
for these chemicals ranged from 2.3 (di-n-octylphthalate) to 4.2 (TPH diesel).<br />
Possible risks (Category B) in which the chemical concentration exceeded a chronic loweffect<br />
level (i.e., ER-L or the LC 20 value for amphipod toxicity) were observed for a number<br />
of inorganic and organic parameters, as follows. Inorganics that exceeded the ER-L included<br />
arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, with HQs ranging from <strong>1.1</strong> to 6.7. Organics<br />
exceeding the ER-L included 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE, 4,4’-DDT, chlordane (technical, alpha, and<br />
gamma), dieldrin, total DDT, and total PCBs. HQs among this group were generally higher<br />
than for the inorganics (ranging from 1 to 520). Inorganic chemicals exceeding the LC 20<br />
included beryllium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, selenium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc (HQ<br />
ranging from 1.3 to 7.1). Organics exceeding the LC 20 included beno(b)fluoranthene,<br />
di-n-octylphthalate, oil and grease, phenanthrene, TPH diesel, waste oil, combined<br />
TPH diesel plus waste oil, low molecular weight (MW) PAHs, and total PAHs. HQ for<br />
these exceedances ranged from 1 to 51 (TPH diesel).<br />
A small number of chemicals showed some possible risk (Category C) including silver,<br />
anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and high<br />
MW PAHs with HQs ranging from <strong>1.1</strong> to 52 (fluoranthene).<br />
A large number of chemicals resulted in uncertain risks (Category U) because low-effect<br />
levels were not available. HQs for these chemicals ranged from <strong>1.1</strong> to 27. The potential for<br />
risk to these chemicals may be overestimated since they were compared to the Nereis NOEC,<br />
but they did not have a low-effect level available.<br />
Two toxicity bioassays were conducted with sediment collected from <strong>Bolsa</strong> Bay. The tests<br />
were conducted using the marine amphipod (Eohaustorius estuarius). Neither sample was<br />
toxic, and results were not statistically different from controls for survival and reburial.<br />
Two sediment bioaccumulation studies were conducted using the clam worm Nereis viriens.<br />
None of the samples were significantly different from controls for survival, but barium,<br />
nickel, and 4,4’-DDE showed significantly increased levels of bioaccumulation in worms<br />
SAC/143368(004.DOC) 4-7 ERA REPORT<br />
7/31/02