Trends in Outfall Design and Construction - pncwa
Trends in Outfall Design and Construction - pncwa
Trends in Outfall Design and Construction - pncwa
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<strong>Trends</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Outfall</strong> <strong>Design</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Construction</strong><br />
Bill Fox, PE<br />
October 26, 2010
Shallow Stream <strong>Outfall</strong>s
River/Estuary <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Deep Mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Stream <strong>Outfall</strong> <strong>Trends</strong><br />
• Elim<strong>in</strong>ate side-bank discharges to meet acute <strong>and</strong><br />
chronic mix<strong>in</strong>g zone requirements<br />
• <strong>Construction</strong> with<strong>in</strong> sheeted <strong>and</strong> dewatered trench<br />
• Duckbill check valves prevent s<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> gravel<br />
<strong>in</strong>trusion
Side-Bank <strong>Outfall</strong> to Santa Rosa Creek
New Diffuser <strong>in</strong> Santa Rosa Creek
New Diffuser <strong>in</strong> Rogue River
New <strong>Outfall</strong> to Skagit River
New <strong>Outfall</strong> to Spokane River
River <strong>Outfall</strong> <strong>Trends</strong><br />
• Diffuser required to meet mix<strong>in</strong>g zone criteria<br />
• Pile-supported HDPE diffusers to resist lateral<br />
load<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
• Horizontal directional drill<strong>in</strong>g
Typical River <strong>Outfall</strong> Profile
Pile-Supported Diffuser
Horizontal Directional Drilled <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Horizontal Directional Drilled <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Horizontal Directional Drilled <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Horizontal Directional Drilled <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Horizontal Directional Drilled <strong>Outfall</strong>s
Deep Mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>Outfall</strong> <strong>Trends</strong><br />
• Extension to deep waters for commercial shellfish<br />
harvest<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• HDPE outfalls <strong>in</strong>stalled by controlled submergence
Deepwater <strong>Outfall</strong> Shellfish Mitigation
Deep <strong>Outfall</strong> Extensions for<br />
Geoduck Harvest Protection <strong>in</strong> Puget Sound<br />
Facility Name Diameter (<strong>in</strong>ches) Depth (feet)<br />
Redondo 24 400<br />
Hartstene Isl<strong>and</strong> 8 140<br />
Vashon Isl<strong>and</strong> 8 200<br />
Gig Harbor 24 190<br />
Everett 63 350<br />
Brightwater 2 x 63 605<br />
K<strong>in</strong>gston 16 140
Pipe Materials for Puget Sound <strong>Outfall</strong>s<br />
1960-1980 Ductile, RCP, CMP<br />
Year WWTP Diameter, <strong>in</strong>. Depth, ft Material<br />
1986 Alki 42 150 CCP<br />
1988 Simpson Mill 54 70 CCP<br />
1988 Tacoma Central 56 155 Steel<br />
1991 Anacortes 24 35 CCP<br />
1992 Longview Fibre 54 40 Steel<br />
1993 LOTT 72 13 CCP<br />
1994 Longview/Kelso 42 40 Steel<br />
1997 Carlyon Beach 8 15 HDPE<br />
1998 Boise Cascade 42 55 CCP<br />
1999 South Magnolia CSO 36 18 RCP<br />
2004 Vashon 8 200 HDPE<br />
2006 Snohomish 30 18 HDPE<br />
2006 Warrenton 20 45 HDPE<br />
2008 Redondo 24 400 HDPE<br />
2009 PDX Airport 30 28 HDPE<br />
2010 Lake Chapla<strong>in</strong> 28 65 HDPE<br />
2010 Gig Harbor 24 190 HDPE
HDPE Fusion Yard
Anchor Torqu<strong>in</strong>g
Pipel<strong>in</strong>e Ready for Tow
Connect<strong>in</strong>g the End Restra<strong>in</strong>ts
Connect<strong>in</strong>g Fill L<strong>in</strong>es
Tension<strong>in</strong>g
Submergence Beg<strong>in</strong>s
Submergence Cont<strong>in</strong>ued
Submergence Cont<strong>in</strong>ued
Submergence Cont<strong>in</strong>ued
Diffuser Port Submerg<strong>in</strong>g
F<strong>in</strong>al Stage
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