IGFRI Vision 2050 - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute ...

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Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute sector. In the past, growth in livestock production was largely number driven. This may not sustain in the long run and may stress the resources. The future growth should come from improvements in productivity. This will require overcoming feed and fodder scarcity and improvements in delivery of animal health and breeding services. Technology will be a key driver of growth and concerted efforts will be needed to generate and disseminate yield-enhancing and yield-saving technologies. 2.2 Shortage of forage and feed resources Forage based economical feeding strategies are required to reduce the cost of quality livestock product as the feed alone constitutes 60-70% of the milk production cost. Thus any attempt towards enhancing feed availability and economizing the feed cost would result in increased margin of profits to livestock owners also. There is tremendous pressure of livestock on available total feed and fodder, as land available for fodder production has been decreasing. At present, the country faces a net deficit of 35.6% green fodder, 10.95% dry crop residues and 44% concentrate feed ingredients. Supply and demand scenario of forage and roughage and grazing resources are presented in Tables 2 & 3, respectively. To meet the current level of livestock production and its annual growth in population, the deficit in all components of fodder, dry crop residues and feed has to be met either from increasing productivity, utilizing untapped feed resources, increasing land area (may not possible due to human pressure for food crops) or through imports. Although the availability of crop residues and concentrates is linked with the food crop production and since the overall food crop production in the country has shown an increasing trend, the crop residue and concentrate feed ingredients availability has also shown a commensurate increase. However, the crop diversification, which is seen in the recent years with commercial crops replacing the traditional cereal crops especially the coarse cereals, is likely to have an impact on the availability of crop residues. In animal feed supply, coarse cereals have a major role and four major cereals viz., maize, barley, sorghum and pearl millet account for about 44% of the total cereals. Production of these cereals is stagnating at around 30 million tones per year. To meet the feed requirements there is a need to improve productivity of these cereals. The Common Property Resources (CPRs) is important sources of livelihood and income for poor people in all the states. CPRs contribute and allow considerable access to all users, but not all the sections of the rural community are equally attracted by these potentials and opportunities. 6
Vision 2050 * Table 2. Demand and supply estimates of dry and green forages (million tonnes) Year Demand Supply Deficit Deficit as % *Assumptions: Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry Green 2010 508.9 816.8 453.2 525.5 55.72 291.3 10.95 35.66 2020 530.5 851.3 467.6 590.4 62.85 260.9 11.85 30.65 2030 568.1 911.6 500.0 687.4 68.07 224.2 11.98 24.59 2040 594.9 954.8 524.4 761.7 70.57 193.0 11.86 20.22 2050 631.0 1012.7 547.7 826.0 83.27 186.6 13.20 18.43 For calculation of demand of dry and green forages, concentrate feed's data were adopted from article 'India's livestock feed demand: Estimates and projections. Dikshit, AK, and PS Birthal. 2010. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 23(1): 15-28'. Green forage, dry forage and concentrate feed were converted into dry matter (DM) applying a factor of 0.25, 0.90 and 0.90, respectively. Area under fodder crop and pastures were extrapolated and divided into irrigated and un-irrigated areas. Supply of green fodder was calculated using a factor of 50 and 70 t/ha for unirrigated and irrigated areas; For pasture sources, a factor of 1.2 to 1.5 t/ha was used for green forage supply. Table 3. Grazing resources in India Resources Area Percentage (million ha) Forests 69.41 22.70 Permanent pastures, grazing lands 10.90 3.60 Cultivable wasteland 13.66 4.50 Fallow land 24.99 8.10 Fallow land other than current fallows 10.19 3.30 Barren uncultivable wastelands 19.26 6.30 Total common property resources 54.01 17.70 other than forests Sizeable amount of fodder demand is fulfilled through vast grasslands and rangelands (Table 3). Any positive or negative change in its position will have impact on several environmental issues. Hence, eco-friendly fodder production system is of prime importance. The demand will reach to 1012 million tonnes of green fodder and 631 million tonnes of dry forage by the year 7
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