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D5 Annex WP 3: DATABASE METHODOLOGY AND DATABASE USER MANUAL – FREIGHT TRANSPORT DEMAND Solutions to these problems are outside the scope of this project and will therefore not be considered. The focus will be mainly on change of mode and where possible on entrepot. Transhipment as a result of change of mode is the best known principle. It is also the easiest to include in transport chain databases. Entrepot can also be seen as a transhipment action. The difference is the duration of the transhipment. It would be an added value to include entrepot in a transport chain structure to be able to preserve the relation between the real origin and the destination. Including change of mode and entrepot will give a much clearer view on the routes that the products follow. How to include Simultaneous Mode Use in the Database? In figure 5.1 it can be observed that a truck is transported from point C to point D by ship. The problem that arises in this case is that in fact two modes are being used: road and sea. According to the classical approach three possibilities exist: 1. Register as road from B to E 2. Register as road from B to C and as sea from C to D and in another record registration as sea from C to D and as road from D to E 3. Independent registration of flow from B to C as road, C to D as sea and D to E as road If 1. is used we loose the information that part of the trip was over sea. If 2. is used we loose the information that the cargo was not transhipped but that the truck was also on the ship. In 3 like in number 1, the information what type of transhipment takes place is lost. So none of the possibilities can cope with this Ro Ro situation and the chain structure. These problems can be solved by using the transport chain concept. Another problem that is solved by using transport chains is that no double countings can occur when analysing the data. The same problems of course occur in case a train is transported by ship or a truck is transported by train. All these possible combinations of modes transported by other modes as ‘simultaneous mode use’ are defined. The registration of simultaneous mode use can be solved in several ways: 1. Introduce another mode name for the combination of modes 2. Introduce another variable that indicates whether simultaneous mode use has taken place. Possibility 1. has as disadvantage that in case we want to know what is actively transported by ship we have to aggregate several modes. With possibility 2. this problem is solved. Besides with possibility 2. a strict distinction can be made between the active mode and the passive mode that is transported. 156 Document2 27 May 2004
D5 Annex WP 3: DATABASE METHODOLOGY AND DATABASE USER MANUAL – FREIGHT TRANSPORT DEMAND For instance the variables ‘active mode’ and ‘passive mode’ can be used. Both can have all distinct modes as value. Table D.1 Example of Simultaneous Road use Registration Active mode Passive mode Meaning Sea Sea Rail Rail Road Rail Road Commodity on a truck transported by a ship Commodity on a train transported by a ship Commodity on a truck transported by a train Commodity transported by train The concept of transport chain requires that definitions are clear and well used. It can be concluded that simultaneous mode use can be best implemented in a database by using a variable for the active mode and one for the passive mode in a transport chain structure. How to include loading units in the Database? In figure 5.1 it can be observed that between point B and E the computer is transported in a container. This container in its turn is transported first by truck then by Ro Ro on a ship and by truck again. Comparing this problem with the simultaneous mode use problem in the previous chapter it looks about the same. Also similar solutions are possible. It is difficult however to say whether a container must be defined as a mode, a commodity or something else. Since commodities are transported in a container it has some characteristics of a mode. However a container can not transport a commodity by itself. It has to be transported by a mode like a commodity. A container can also be seen as a package of products which makes it also a commodity. The most convenient solution is to define a distinct variable to indicate whether transport by container has taken place like in table 5.2. Document2 27 May 2004 157
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