Influence of the Processes Parameters on the Properties of The ...
Influence of the Processes Parameters on the Properties of The ...
Influence of the Processes Parameters on the Properties of The ...
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Chapter 3<br />
Chapter<br />
3<br />
Analytical Methods<br />
and Designs <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Experiments<br />
This chapter is primarily devoted to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>oretical descripti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> experimental facilities and<br />
analytical techniques employed during <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> experimental work. Differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was<br />
used to measure <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> glass transiti<strong>on</strong> temperature and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> melting temperature <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> polymers and o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmal data. Viscosimetry and laser granulometry were used for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> polymer viscosity and particle size<br />
characterizati<strong>on</strong>. Various microscopic techniques such as porosity analysis, X-ray microtomography and<br />
scanning electr<strong>on</strong> micrography (SEM) were used. Macroscopic methods such as Brazilian test, surface<br />
energy analysis were applied.<br />
1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)<br />
Phase transiti<strong>on</strong> analysis techniques are based <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> ability to transfer heat to a material and<br />
m<strong>on</strong>itor its effects. This class <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> techniques is known as <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmal analysis. Several techniques can be used to<br />
determine <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> glass transiti<strong>on</strong> temperature (T g ), <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> bio-polymeric materials, including differential scanning<br />
calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmal analysis (DMTA).<br />
1.1 Generalities <strong>on</strong> <strong>The</strong>rmal Transiti<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Polymers<br />
<strong>The</strong>rmal analysis encompasses a wide variety <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> techniques such as:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> measurement <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> heating curves,<br />
dynamic adiabatic calorimetry,<br />
differential <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmal analysis, DTA<br />
differential scanning calorimetry, DSC<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmogravimetry, TG<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmal mechanical analysis, TMA<br />
dynamic mechanical <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmal analysis, DMTA<br />
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