Zmena klímy – možný dopad (nielen) na obyvateľstvo - Prohuman

victims present with a wide range of associated diseases, from “slim disease” to
pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma and HIV associated dementia. There is an important
interaction between HIV and tuberculosis (TB), itself a disease with many disguises
and which in some cases may intensify in distribution because of a CC-related
increase in crowding, poverty and an impairment of health services. Many
patients with HIV develop active TB. More cases of active TB are likely to mean
more transmission of this bacillus, to populations with and without HIV. This is
also of relevance because of the increasingly high rate of multi-drug resistant TB,
including among populations where HIV is common, such as in South Africa. Increased
TB will exert an additional economic and public health burden.
HIV is well recognised to exert a profound social and economic effect in vulnerable
populations, with or without co-existing TB, through its disproportionate
impact on young adults, including many who would otherwise be highly economically
productive. Though several other infectious diseases, including lower
respiratory illnesses (LRIs), diarrhoea and malaria are also responsible for a high
burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), these mainly affect young children
and infants. While it is well recognised that these diseases (especially malaria)
also impede economic development and cause profound human suffering,
their social and economic burden is lower than from AIDS in those countries with
a high incidence and prevalence of HIV. MacKellar points out that, based largely
on the availability of cost-effective means of HIV prevention, the Copenhagen
Consensus of economists rated slowing the spread of HIV as the highest-priority
intervention for sustainable development. MacKellar also points out that the special
status given to HIV was made explicit by the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics
and Health, which described the epidemic as a “distinct and unparalleled
catastrophe” requiring “special consideration.” He further states that this view
was bolstered by the joint World Bank–International Monetary Fund Development
Committee (2003), which in a survey of global public goods identified HIV
control as an area “especially” in need of attention and action.
In addition, the defining characteristic of HIV – its immunodeficiency – may
have provided a pathway for the emergence of many other infectious diseases.
Jones et al. speculate that the emergence of HIV contributed to the high rate of
emerging infectious diseases, which they found peaked in the 1980s, the decade
in which HIV started to affect large numbers of people. Climate change might also
be considered another “charismatic” global problem. It too has protean manifestations,
including heat waves, changed distributions of insects and the diseases
they sometimes bear, altered patterns of drought and storm frequency and severity,
sea level rise, increased oceanic acidity and changes to food security, through
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