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other areas which are under strong anthropopressure. For them, natural factors,
divided into volcanic, solar and astronomical, are more likely to be responsible
for the changes.
The most important causes of climate change have just been mentioned. We
do not know the range of their effect, but it is important to be aware that they do
not act independently, irrespective of each other. Most likely, only the outcome of
their reciprocal interaction is the result of certain climate changes.
Fig. 3. Long-term
climate change
factors (according
to Heino 1994)
In addition to the above, in spite of the progress in science, the development of
measurement and computer techniques, there are still methodical challenges in the
climate change study. They concern the quality and homogeneity of the constructed
and analysed measurement series, which are the foundation of a precise study
of the climate history of the last 100–200 years. Different aspects (fig. 3) may be
responsible for the erroneousness of the measurement series. The lack of homogeneity
may directly come from, for example, station relocations or changes in instrumentation
due to worsening accuracy. Another crucial aspect, which affects the
values estimated for the whole globe, is the number of stations which provide the
data. The number has grown significantly over the last 100–150 years so, unquestionably,
the ultimate values used in analyses must have been altered by this fact.
The use of remote sensing appears to be the solution to the problem of homogeneity.
They make it possible to observe the climates of inaccessible areas, where weather
stations are rare and, in many aspects of meteorology and climatology, these
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