Looking Glass River Watershed Management Plan - Greater ...
Looking Glass River Watershed Management Plan - Greater ... Looking Glass River Watershed Management Plan - Greater ...
Sources The main sources of sediment are the erosion of uplands, lateral movement of channels into streambanks, and down cutting of streambeds. Natural erosion is present almost everywhere and results from wind and water passing over land surfaces. Table 5-2 identifies some general sources and causes of sediment based on anthropogenic influences. The sources and causes were ranked by reviewing all of the collected data (Section 2 and 3) and combining it with the knowledge of staff from the local communities. Table 5-2 Sediment Sources and Causes Sources Priority Cause (k=known, s=suspected) Priority Agricultural Runoff (k) 1 Lack of Buffer (k) 1 Poor Conservation Practices (k) 2 Over Grazing of Livestock (s) 3 Streambanks (k) 2 (tie) Flow Fluctuations (see Altered Hydrology) (k) 1 Lack of Buffer (k) 2 Livestock Access (k) 3 Human Access (s) 4 Construction Site Runoff (s) 2 (tie) Inadequate Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Controls (s) 1 Bare Soil (k) 4 High traffic area prevents vegetation (human or animal) (s) 1 Soil disturbances (e.g. gardening) (s) 2 Chemicals (e.g. excess salt, weed killer) (s) 3 Fire (s) 4 Drainage Ditches (s) 5 Flow Fluctuations (see Altered Hydrology) (s) 1 Ditch Cleanout without Soil Stabilization (k) 2 Livestock Access (s) 3 Human Access (s) 4 Gravel Roads, Parking Lots and Driveways (k) 6 Loss of surface material (s) 1 (tie) Lack of Buffer (s) 1 (tie) Poor Maintenance (s) 3 Livestock in Stream (k) 7 (tie) Unrestricted Access (k) 1 Road-Stream Crossings (culverts) (k) 7 (tie) Poor Maintenance (s) 1 Poor Design (s) 2 Poor Construction (s) 3 Human Access (s) 4 Loss of Material Around Storm Sewer System (s) 9 Poor Maintenance (s) 1 Poor Construction (s) 2 Sand for Winter Road (s) 10 Lack of Buffer (s) 1 Application Practices (s) 2 Poor Clean Up Practices (s) 3 Off-Road Vehicles (k) 11 Unrestricted Access (k) 1 Lack of Buffer (s) 2 Mining Operations/Gravel Pits (s) 12 Inadequate Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Controls (s) 1 Impact and Impairment Suspended sediment, through turbidity, reduces light penetration through the water thus reducing photosynthesis. Fish in nature avoid streams or stream reaches with high suspended sediment levels creating environments just as devoid of fish as if they had been killed. Deposited sediment increases the level of embeddedness of the stream bed (termed habitat reduction) resulting in a decrease of invertebrate populations and 5-4 Looking Glass River Watershed April 2007
consequently in food available to fish. Embeddedness refers to the extent to which gravel and cobbles are surrounded or covered by fine sediment. Indicators Direct measurement of the amount of sediment moving in the watercourse may be measured as the suspended solids (TSS), dissolved solids (TDS) and the bedload. Turbidity indirectly measures the amount of sediment by considering the amount of light passable through the water column. Conductivity may also be used to indirectly measure the dissolved solids. In addition, indicators such as the embeddedness and fish and benthic macroinvertebrate population and diversity may also be used as indicators of sediment. Water Quality Standards Water quality standards in Michigan are provided under the Administrative Rules Part 4 Water Quality Standards, promulgated pursuant to Part 31 of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, 1994 PA 451 as amended. Applicable standards include: Rule 50. The waters of the state shall not have any of the following unnatural physical properties in quantities which are or may become injurious to any designated use: • Turbidity • Color • Oil films • Floating solids • Foams • Settleable solids • Suspended solids • Deposits Rule 51. The addition of any dissolved solids shall not exceed concentrations which are or may become injurious to any designated use. Point sources containing dissolved solids shall be considered by the commission on a case-by-case basis and increases of dissolved solids in the waters of the state shall be limited through the application of best practicable control technology currently available as prescribed by the administrator of the United States environmental protection agency pursuant to section 304(b) of Public Law 92-500, as amended, 33 U.S.C. §466 et seq., except that in no instance shall total dissolved solids in the waters of the state exceed a concentration of 500 milligrams per liter as a monthly average nor more than 750 milligrams per liter at any time, as a result of controllable point sources. Rule 90. Applicability of water quality standards. (1) The requirements prescribed by these rules shall not apply within mixing zones, except for the requirements prescribed in R 323.1050, or as otherwise specified by these rules. (2) Water quality standards prescribed by these rules are minimally acceptable water quality conditions and shall apply at all flows equal to or exceeding the design flows, except where the department determines that a more restrictive design flow is necessary. The design flows in lotic systems shall be as follows: (a) unless otherwise stated in this rule, the design flow is equal to the lowest of the 12 monthly 95% exceedance flows. The 95% exceedance flow is the flow equal to or exceeded 95% of Section 5: Stressor Summary 5-5
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- Page 76 and 77: Table 5-1 Status of Designated Uses
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- Page 98 and 99: Introduction 6. Goals and Objective
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Sources<br />
The main sources of sediment are the erosion of uplands, lateral movement<br />
of channels into streambanks, and down cutting of streambeds. Natural<br />
erosion is present almost everywhere and results from wind and water<br />
passing over land surfaces.<br />
Table 5-2 identifies some general sources and causes of sediment based on<br />
anthropogenic influences. The sources and causes were ranked by reviewing<br />
all of the collected data (Section 2 and 3) and combining it with the<br />
knowledge of staff from the local communities.<br />
Table 5-2 Sediment Sources and Causes<br />
Sources Priority Cause (k=known, s=suspected) Priority<br />
Agricultural Runoff (k) 1 Lack of Buffer (k) 1<br />
Poor Conservation Practices (k) 2<br />
Over Grazing of Livestock (s) 3<br />
Streambanks (k) 2 (tie) Flow Fluctuations (see Altered Hydrology) (k) 1<br />
Lack of Buffer (k) 2<br />
Livestock Access (k) 3<br />
Human Access (s) 4<br />
Construction Site Runoff (s) 2 (tie) Inadequate Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Controls (s) 1<br />
Bare Soil (k) 4 High traffic area prevents vegetation (human or animal) (s) 1<br />
Soil disturbances (e.g. gardening) (s) 2<br />
Chemicals (e.g. excess salt, weed killer) (s) 3<br />
Fire (s) 4<br />
Drainage Ditches (s) 5 Flow Fluctuations (see Altered Hydrology) (s) 1<br />
Ditch Cleanout without Soil Stabilization (k) 2<br />
Livestock Access (s) 3<br />
Human Access (s) 4<br />
Gravel Roads, Parking Lots and Driveways (k) 6 Loss of surface material (s) 1 (tie)<br />
Lack of Buffer (s)<br />
1 (tie)<br />
Poor Maintenance (s) 3<br />
Livestock in Stream (k) 7 (tie) Unrestricted Access (k) 1<br />
Road-Stream Crossings (culverts) (k) 7 (tie) Poor Maintenance (s) 1<br />
Poor Design (s) 2<br />
Poor Construction (s) 3<br />
Human Access (s) 4<br />
Loss of Material Around Storm Sewer System (s) 9 Poor Maintenance (s) 1<br />
Poor Construction (s) 2<br />
Sand for Winter Road (s) 10 Lack of Buffer (s) 1<br />
Application Practices (s) 2<br />
Poor Clean Up Practices (s) 3<br />
Off-Road Vehicles (k) 11 Unrestricted Access (k) 1<br />
Lack of Buffer (s) 2<br />
Mining Operations/Gravel Pits (s) 12 Inadequate Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Controls (s) 1<br />
Impact and Impairment<br />
Suspended sediment, through turbidity, reduces light penetration through<br />
the water thus reducing photosynthesis. Fish in nature avoid streams or<br />
stream reaches with high suspended sediment levels creating environments<br />
just as devoid of fish as if they had been killed. Deposited sediment<br />
increases the level of embeddedness of the stream bed (termed habitat<br />
reduction) resulting in a decrease of invertebrate populations and<br />
5-4 <strong>Looking</strong> <strong>Glass</strong> <strong>River</strong> <strong>Watershed</strong> April 2007
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