Nepali 200 layout 1-490 org.pmd - Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya

g]kfnL / lxGbLsf tb\ej zAb
– 8f= t'n;L e§/fO{
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf] ;DaGw
cfo{kl/jf/sf cfw'lgs efiffx¿dWo] g]kfnL / lxGbL b'j}
efiffsf aLr clt lgs6 ;DaGw 5 . oL b'j} efiff ;+:s[ltsf
;Gtfg x'g\ . lj:t[ttfsf cfwf/df lxGbL lbbL / g]kfnL alxgL g}
x'g\ eGg ;lsG5 . ! g]kfnL / lxGbL b'O{cf]6} efiff Pp6} cfdfsf
;Gtfg ePsf x' Fbf k/:k/ w]/} ;dfgtf kfOG5 . b'j}df Jofs/0f
Pj+ zAb–/rgf–k|lqmof k|foM ;dfg 5 . ;ª\1faf]ws zAb hf]
;+:s[td"ns 5g\ b'O{cf]6} efiffdf Ps} k|sf/sf 5g\ . @
x'g t aª\ufnL u'h/ftL, d/f7L cflb efiffx¿sf] d"n
cfwf/ klg ;+:s[t g} xf] t/ lnlk km/s ePsfn] g]kfnLsf] ljz]if
;DaGw x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL / lxGbL cfk;df ;DalGwt x'g]
csf] { d'Vo sf/0f lnlksf] ;dfgtf xf] . b]jgfu/Llnlk ePsf oL
b'j} efiffsf] ljsf;ofqf Pp6} ;do;Dd ;'? ePsf] xf] . oL b'j}
efiff O:jL ;g\ b;f} F ztfAbLb]lv ljsf;ofqf k|f/De u/]/ ljleGg
sfndf ljeQm x' Fb} cfw'lgs sfn;Dd k'u]sf 5g\ . #
/fd|/L ljrf/ ug] { xf] eg] g]kfnL / lxGbLsf kf/:kl/s
;DaGw–;|f]t cg]sf} F kfOG5g\ . oL ;DaGw ;|f]tdWo] ;f+:s[lts
cfbfg–k|bfg, j}jflxs ;DaGw, /fhgLlts ;Dks{, Jofkf/;DaGw,
lxGbL If]q g]kfnLsf] cWoog:yn x'g', lnlksf] Pstf / ;dfg
kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw cflb d'Vo 5g\ . o:t} c¿ klg sltko
sf/0fx¿ 5g\ h;n] ubf{ oL b'j} efiffsf aLrdf 3lgi7 ;DaGw;"q
!= lu|o;{gn] ;+:s[tsL elthLsL k'qL dfg]sf 5g\ lxGbLnfO{ . o;}
cfwf/df b'O{6} efiffsf] ljsf;qmd l:ylt p:t} xf] .
ef/tLo efiff ;j] {If0f -cg'= lgd{nf ;S;]gf_ efu– ( -klZrdL
lxGbL_, k[= #^ .
@= 8f= l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf M efiff / ;flxTo, Zofd k|sfzg, k[i7 %) .
#= /fdrGb| z'Sn, lxGbL ;flxTosf Oltxf;, kGb|xjfF ;+:s/0f .
327

ufFl;Psf] 5 . $ h:t}— aª\ufnL, u'h/ftL, d/f7L cflb efiffsf]
cfwf/ klg ;+:s[t g} xf] . t/ lnlkdf km/s x'gfn] g]kfnLsf]
ljz]if ;DaGw oL efiff;Fu sDtL 5 . lxGbL / g]kfnLsf aLrdf
ljz]if ;DaGw x'g] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f lnlksf] ;dfgtf klg xf] .
b'O6} efiffsf] lnlk b]jgfu/L xf] .
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf] ;DaGw k|frLg sfnb]lvs} xf] . oL b'j}
efiffsf] ljsf; ofqfsf] k|f/De klg k|foM Pp6} ;doaf6 ePsf]
xf] . oL efiff O:jL ;g\sf] b;f} F ztfAbLaf6 cfˆgf] ljsf; ofqf
k|f/De u/]/ ljleGg sfndf ljeQm x' Fb} cfw'lgs sfn;Dd k'u]sf
x'g\ . jf:tjdf g]kfnL / lxGbLsf] kf/:kl/s ;DaGwsf ;|f]t
w]/} 5g\ .
8f= l8NnL/fd ltdl;gfsf cg';f/ g]kfnL / lxGbLsf] If]q
cnu–cnu x'gfn] oL b'j} efiffdf ;dfgtfsf ;fy;fy} c;dfgtfx¿
x'g' klg :jefljs xf] . b'O{ /fi6« b'O{ d'Vo efiffx¿ x'g\ lxGbL /
g]kfnL / lxGbL ef/tsf] /fi6«efiff xf] eg] g]kfnL g]kfn /fi6«sf]
/fi6«efiff xf] .
efiffsf] ¿k g]kfnLsf] t'ngf ubf{ g]kfnL efiffsf] Oltxf;
k'/fgf] xf] . g]kfnL efiff /fh–efiffsf] ¿kdf !&)) lt/ g}
ljBdfg lyof] . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fkl5 -lj=;+= !*#%
lt/_ dxf/fhf k[YjLgf/fo0fn] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf]
/fi6«efiff 3f]lift u/]sf lyP To;kl5 cfh;Dd g]kfnsf]
/fi6«efiff g]kfnL xf] . lxGbL ;g\ !($* kl5dfq /fhefiff ag]sf]
xf] . b'j} efiffsf] ljsf;If]q cyf{t\, ef}uf]lns lgs6tf / lnlksf]
;dfgtf eP klg ¿k, kb, Wjlg, cy{ cflbdf kof{Kt leGgtf
kfOG5 . %
$= k"0f{k|sfz g]kfnL …ofqLÚ, /fhfuulg/fhsf] ofqf, k|yd ;+:s/0f .
8f= l8NnL/fd ltldl;gf, efiff / ;flxTo, k[= %) .
8f= sdnf ;fª\s[Tofog, lbofnf], jfª\doljz]iffª\s, !)), g]kfnL
;flxTo ;Dd]ng bflh{lnª, k[i7 %@ .
%= wL/]Gb| jdf{, lxGbL efiffsf Oltxf;, ci6d ;+:s/0f, k[= ^( .
328

F
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf zAb;Dkbf
ljleGg k|sf/sf zAbx¿ ldn]/ Pp6f efiffsf] zAbe08f/
lgld{t x'G5 . g]kfnL / lxGbLsf] zAbe08f/df ;+:s[t tT;d
zAbx¿sf] dxŒjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] 5 . tT;d zAbkl5 bf];|f] :yfg
tb\ej zAbsf] eP klg tb\ej zAb ;fdfGo hg–hLjg;Fu ljz]if
;DalGwt x'g] x' Fbf k|To]s efiffdf km/s x'g] u5{g\ . o;/L k|To]s
efiffdf tb\ej zAb tT;d zAbsf] ck]Iff c‰ h/f uf8]/ /xg]
u/]sf] s'/f ;a}n] :jLsf/ ug' {k5{ .
k|:t't n]vgsf] pb\3f6\o ljifo g]kfnL / lxGbLsf tb\ej
zAb /x]sf] x' Fbf oxfF oL b'j} efiffsf s]xL tb\ej zAbx¿sf
af/]df pNn]v ul/g] 5 . sltko efiffljb\ -s]xL o'/f]lko / s]xL
eflifs ef/tLo_ x¿n] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ …lxGbLs} Pp6f af]nL xf]Ú
eg]/ s]xL ;+/rgfx¿sf cfwf/df b]vfpg vf]h]sf 5g\ .^
oyfy{df oL b'j} efiffsf] d"n ;|f]t Ps} 7fpF ;+:s[tdf k'u]
klg lxGbL efiff, u'h/ftL / klZrdL kGhfaLaf6 km/s eP‰}
g]kfnL klg lxGbLaf6 Psbd} km/s 5 . &
;+:s[t dftfsf b'O{ 5f]/L lxGbL / g]kfnLsf] k|f/Deaf6}
3lgi7 ;DaGw /xFb} cfPsf] xf] . g]kfnL / lxGbL Pp6} cfdfsf b'O{
5f]/L ePsfn] k/:k/ lgs} ;dfgtf 5 . Jofs/0f Pj+
zAb/rgfk|lqmof p:t}p:t} 5 . ;ª\:s[td"ns ;ª\1fjf]ws zAb
klg p:t}p:t} 5g\ .
k|foM g]kfnL / lxGbLdf tb\ej zAbsf] k|rng efiffsf]
k|f/lDes ljsf;sfnb]lv g} x' Fb} cfPsf] xf] . k|foM b'j} efiffsf
b]jLb]jtf tyf ;ª\1fjfrs w]/}h;f] gfdx¿ tb\ej ¿kdf eGbf
tT;d ¿kd} k|rlnt 5g\ .
^= 8f= ljhokfn l;+x, ;fdfGo lxGbL, k|yd ;+:s/0f, k[= !^ .
r"8fdl0f pkfWofo /]UdL, g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ, k|yd ;+:s/0f, k[=
() .
&= …g]kfnLdf Psjrgaf6 ax'jrg agfpg] PsjrgfGt zAbx¿df …x¿Ú
hf]l8G5 . /fdx¿, ltdLx¿===Ú cflb .
329

lxGbL zAb;d"xnfO{ d'Vo ¿kaf6 tLg >]0fLdf ljefhg
ul/Psf] 5 M
!= ef/tLo cfo{ efiffx¿sf zAb;d"x h;df tb\ej / tT;d
5g\ .
@= ef/tLo cgfo{ efiffx¿af6 cfPsf zAb .
#= ljb]zL efiffx¿sf zAb .
lxGbL zAb–;d"xsf] csf] { k|sf/ o:tf] 5— != tT;d, @=
c4{tT;d #= tb\ej $= cg's/0fjfrs %= b]zh ^= ljb]zh . *
g]kfnLsf] zAb;d"xx¿sf] ljefhg o:tf] 5 M
df}lns M tb\ej, tT;d, b]Zo .
cfuGt's M ltAatL ;d"xaf6, cfw'lgs cfo{ efiffx¿af6,
o'/f]k]nL efiffx¿af6 . (
g]kfnLdf / lxGbLdf k|o'Qm cfuGt's zAbdf cGt/—
h'g efiffdf ljb]zL cyjf cfuGt's zAbnfO{ hlt w]/}
;dfj]z ug] { Ifdtf x'G5 Tof] Tolt g} pGgt sxnfpF5 . cGo
efiffsf zAbx¿ krfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf sf/0f cª\u| ]hL efiff
ljZjdf pGgt 5 . ljleGg cfjfudg, Jofkf/ tyf cGo sltko
sf/0faf6 k/:k/sf efiffefifLx¿sf] ;Dks{ x'G5 clg k/:k/
k|efj klg k5{ .
g]kfnLdf oBlk ef/t;Fu hlt afXo b]z;Fu ;Dks{
ePg . ef/tsf] h:tf] g]kfndf afXo b]zsf] cflwkTo klg
/x]g . t/ klg g]kfnsf lglDt ef/t l5d]sL d'n'sdfq xf]Og .
;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs cflb ofjt\ ljifox¿df
oL b'O{ b]zaLr cgflbsfnb]lv b[9 ;DaGw /xFb} cfPsf] xf] .
*= lu|o;{g, ef/t sf efiff ;j] {If0f, v08 !, efu !, låtLo ;+:s/0f,
k[= @%) .
l8NnL/d0f /]UdL, g]kfnL efiff cf}/ p;sf ;flxTo, g]kfnL /fli6«o
sfª\u| ];, sfzL, k[= !* .
(= g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ, k|yd ;+:s/0f, k[= (% .
g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTo, låtLo ;+:s/0f, k[= &% .
330

{
kmntM ef/tdf ljb]zLx¿sf] cflwkTo x' Fbf g]kfndf klg
k|efj kg' :jefljs xf] . kmf/;L, c/aL, cª\u| ]hL d"nsf zAb
ef/tdf k|rlnt ePkl5 g]kfndf klg k|j]z u/] . t/ klg lxGbL
/ g]kfnLsf cfuGt's zAbx¿sf] k|of]udf cGt/ 5 . lxGbLdf
k|rlnt clwsf+z cfuGt's zAb tT;d ¿kdf g} k|rlnt 5 .
k/Gt' g]kfnLdf k|rlnt o:tf cfuGt's zAb k|foM tb\ej cyjf
kl/jlt{t ¿kdf ljBdfg 5g\ .
kmf/;L d"ns
g]kfnL lxGbL
s;fs; szdzs
sDd/ sd/
sfnLu8 sf/Lu/
sf]l;; sf]lzz
rnfv rnfs
lh/f] hL/f
tdfv' tDafs'
wdfwd bdfbd
lgDsL gfdsLg
gf:kftL gfzkftL
k/]h k/x]h
kfph' kfh]a
lk;fk k]zfj
alS;; alVz;
c/aLd"ns
clSsn cSn
lsl;d lsZd
ls/fO{ ls/fof
tflutf tfsLb
331

tof/ t}of/
lbSs lbSst
kmTt'/ k"mt'/
h'n'd h'Nd
df]nfsfh d'nfsft
x's'd x'Sd
dfdf]nL dfd"nL
tnf;L tnfzL
gf]s/ gf]s/
xh'/ x'h"/
c/aL tyf kmf/;L d"nsf oL cfuGt's zAbx¿sf]
p4/0faf6 k|i6 x'G5— lxGbLdf k|foM o:tf zAb tT;d ¿kdf
ljBdfg 5g\ tyf g]kfnLdf rflxF s]xL kl/jt{g ePsf 5g\ .
g]kfnLdf s]xL kl/jt{g;Fu k|rlnt lxGbLsf zAb M
crDd crDef
cn} FrL OnforL
cgf}7f] cg"7f
skbL{ sa8\8L
3'sL{ 3'8\sL
!=$ g]kfnL / lxGbLsf ;ª\1f
lxGbL / g]kfnLdf ;ª\1fsf] ljefhgqmd k|foM Ps} k|sf/sf]
5— lxGbLdf h;/L ;ª\1fsf] k|sf/sf ;DaGwdf ljjfb 5,
g]kfnLdf klg To:t} 5 . ;ª\1fzAb k|foM b'O6} efifdf ;dfg
5g\ . ljz]iftM ;+:s[t tT;d d"nsf zAbx¿df Tolt cGt/
5}g . If]qLo / ef}uf]lns sf/0faf6 ag]sf zAbdf km/s x'g'
:jefljs g} x'G5 .
332

!=% g]kfnL / lxGbLsf ;j{gfd
lxGbLdf ;j{gfd k|of]usf] b[li6af6 5 k|sf/sf ljeflht
kfOG5 . o:t} ljefhg g]kfnLdf klg 5 . lxGbLsf d'Vo ;j{gfd
o;k|sf/ 5g\— d}, t", cfk, ox, jx, ;f], hf], sf]O{, s'5, sf}g,
Sof . o;sf] g]kfnL ¿k o:tf] 5— d, ltdL, tkfO{ +, of], Tof], ;f],
hf], sf]xL, s]xL, sf], s] .
;+:s[t / g]kfnLdf h'g ;j{gfdx¿sf cg]s ¿k 5g\,
ltgsf] lxGbLdf eg] Pp6} ¿k k|rlnt 5 M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
ejfg\ tkfO{+ cfk
cqejfg\ oxfF cfk
tq ejfg\ ToxfF, pxfF cfk
Ox ejfg\ oxfF, xh'/
:jo+, cfTdgf cfk"m cfk
cfb/jfrL ;j{gfdsf] g]kfnLdf cg]s ¿k, lxGbLdf Ps ¿k—
g]kfnL lxGbL
tkfO{+ cfk
xh'/ cfk
df};'km cfk
!=^ g]kfnL / lxGbLsf ljelQmx¿
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf ljelQmx¿ ;dfg 5g\ . jrg, lnª\u,
cflbdf cGt/ kfOFb}g . ljelQm lrXgdf yf]/} dfq leGgtf 5 .
g]kfnL lxGbL
stf{ /fd /fd
sd{ /fdnfO{ /fdsf]
s/0f /fdn], /fdåf/f /fd g], ;], åf/f
333

;Dk|bfg /fdsf nflu /fd s] lnP
ckfbfg /fdaf6, /fdb]lv /fd ;]
;DaGw /fdsf], sf, /f, /L /fd sf, s], sL
clws/0f /fddf, dfly /fd d] +, k/
;Daf]wg P x] P] P x] P]
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf JolQmjfrs ;j{gfd
+
g]kfnL jrg lxGbL
k|ydk'?if Tof], pm Psjrg jx
ltgL, pgL ax'jrg j]
dWodk'?if tF, ltdL, tkfO{ Psjrg t'd, cfk
xh'/, df};'km
cfk
ltdLx¿,=== jx'jrg t'dnf]u
pQdk'?if d Psjrg d}
xfdLx¿ jx'jrg xd nf]u
!= ;DaGwaf]ws zAbsf] g]kfnL / lxGbLdf cGt/
5f]/f tyf 5f]/Lsf nflu g]kfnLdf ;fgf]–7"nf] qmdzM !=
h]7f], @= dflxnf], #= ;flxFnf], $= sflxFnf], %= 7flxFnf], ^= cGt/],
&= hGt/], *= vGt/], (= dGt/], !)= 7"nf] sfG5f], !!= sfG5f] .
o;/L g} 5f]/Lx¿sf nflu 5f]/fnfO{ k'sfl/g] gfdsf] cGTodf
O{ …hf]8]/ Tolt ;ª\Vof g} k'¥ofOG5Ú— h]7L, dflxnL===cflb .
lxGbLdf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ af]nfpg s]jn tLgcf]6f dfq ;ª\1f
k|rlnt 5g\ .
a8f, d‰nf / 5f]6f . a8L, d‰nL / 5f]6L .
g]kfnLdf kltsL lbbLnfO{ kTgLn] lrgfpg …cfdfh'Ú zAb
k|rlnt 5 clg kltsL alxgLnfO{ …gGbÚ elgG5 . t/ lxGbLdf
lbbLnfO{ …a8L gGbÚ alxgLnfO{ …5f]6L gGbÚ eGg] ul/G5 .
s]xL cGo ;DaGwaf]ws zAb—
334

g]kfnL
lxGbL
h]7L ;f;" -kTgLsL lbbL_ a8L ;fnL
;fnL -kTgLsL alxgL_ 5f]6L ;fnL
h]7fg -kTgLsf] bfh'_ a8] ;fn]
;fnf] -kTgLsf] efO_ 5f]6] ;fn]
o;/L g} cGo sltko ;ª\1fx¿df g]kfnL / lxGbLsf aLr
7"nf] leGgtf kfOG5 .
!=* g]kfnLdf ;+:s[taf6 ljsl;t tb\ej zAb, lxGbLdf cfuGt's
zAb
h'g ;+:s[t tT;d zAbx¿af6 g]kfnLdf tb\ej zAbx¿sf]
ljsf; ePsf] 5 . tL ;+:s[t zAbx¿af6 lxGbLdf tb\ej
zAbx¿sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g, cyjf k|rngdf 5}gg\ . g]kfnLdf
k|rlnt sltko tb\ejsf kof{o ¿kdf lxGbLdf cfuGt's, kmf/;L
jf c/aLsf zAb k|rlnt ePsf 5g\ M
;+:s[t g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -cfuGt's zAb_
s'Ss'6 s'v'/f] d'uf{ -kmf/;L_
sf]dn sdnf] g/d -kmf/;L_
Ho]i7 h]7f] a8f -kmf/;L_
bfl8dd\ bfl/d cgf/ -kmf/;L_
b'a{n b'Anf] sdhf]/ -kmf/;L_
kf/fjt k/]jf sa"t/ -kmf/;L_
kL8f kL/ bb{ -kmf/;L_
dw' dx zxb -kmf/;L_
/Std\ /ut v"g -kmf/;L_
/St /ftf] nfn -kmf/;L_
l/St l/Qf] vfnL -kmf/;L_
dg'io dflg; cfbdL -c/aL_
and\ an tfst -c/aL_
335

!=( g]kfnL / lxGbL k|fs[t sfnaf6} k[ys\
g]kfnL / lxGbL k|fs[t sfnaf6} k[ys\ x' Fb} cfPsf] k|df0f
b'O6} efiffx¿df k|rlnt sltko zAbx¿sf cfwf/df :ki6
yfxf kfOG5 . k|fs[t / g]kfnLdf ;dfg t/ lxGbLdf kl/jlt{t
s]xL zAb M
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
alx0fL alxgL axg
;c ;o ;f}
;Q/L ;Q/L ;Q/
nl6\7 n6\7L nf7L
k|fs[t / lxGbLdf ;dfg t/ g]kfnLdf kl/jlt{t
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
s8fx s8fxf s/fxL
cl8cf vl8cf v/L
k|fs[t, g]kfnL lxGbL tLgcf]6}df leGgleGg ¿k M
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
vDa vfFaf] vDaf
uUu/ ufu|f] uu/f
ulx/ ulx/f] ux/f
ufjL ufO{ ufo
ufd ufpF ufj
cKk cfk"m cfk
y0f y'g yg
bflx0f bflxgf] bfof
bfO{Hoo bfOhf] bx]h
jLHo lap aLh
336

{
k|fs[t / g]kfnLdf k|rlnt lxGbLdf ck|rlnt M
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
sljO s}nf] e'/f
5Ss 5Ss cfZro{
b|x bx kf]v/
kx'0f kfx'gf d]xdfg
lk6\7 lk7f] cf6f
la/fn la/fnf] laNnL
lauf/ lauf/ gS;fg
a6\6 af6f] /f:tf
d/n d}nf] uGbf
d0f':; dflg; cfbdL
d2n dfbn 9f]ns
l;F3f0f l;Fufg gfs axgf
lxHh lxhf] aLt x'cf sn -ut lbg_
pko'Qm ljleGg p4/0fsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL / lxGbL b'O6}
efiffx¿sf] d"n cfwf/ ;+:s[t efiff eP/ klg k|fs[tsfnb]lv g} oL
b'j} efiffx¿ leGgleGg kyaf6 ofqf ub} :jtGq¿kn] ljsl;t
ePsf x'g\ eGg] s'/f k|:6 x'G5 .
@= g]kfnL / lxGbLsf tT;d zAb
g]kfnL / lxGbL b'O6} efiffsf] d"n :j¿k ;+:s[t ePsfn] oL
b'O6} efiffdf ;+:s[tsf tT;d zAb ;dfg¿kaf6 k|rlnt 5g\ .
tT;d zAbsf] k|of]u k|lqmof klg b'j} efiffdf ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 .
cfhsf] kfl/eflifs tT;d zAb klg b'j} efiffdf Pp6} k|lqmofaf6
k|lji6 ePsf x'g\ . cª\u| ]hL cflb ljb]zL efiffsf zAbx¿sf] ;§f
;+:s[ts} ljleGg k|Too, pk;u{ cflbsf cfwf/df gjLg zAbx¿
lgdf{0f ug] { k|lqmof klg g]kfnL / lxGbL b'j}df k|foM ;dfg 5 .
337

efiffx¿sf] If]q leGg ePsfn] ;dfgtf;Fu;Fu} /rgf–ljwfg
/ k|of]u–k|lqmofdf cGt/ x'g'rflxF :jefljs xf] .
@=! g]kfnL / lxGbLdf ;dfg ¿kaf6 k|rlnt tT;d zAb
lxGbL / g]kfnL b'O6} efiffdf clwsf+z tT;d zAb
;dfg ¿kaf6 k|rlnt 5g\ . o:tf ;dfg¿kaf6 k|rlnt s]xL
tT;d zAbx¿df b'O{ k|sf/sf zAb 5g\ . Ps k|frLg sfnaf6}
;dfg¿kdf k|rlnt x' Fb} cfPsf tT;d zAb, csf] { cfw'lgs
sfndf gjlgld{t kfl/eflifs tT;d zAb . lxGbL / g]kfnL b'O6}df
;dfg ¿kaf6 klxn]b]lv g} k|rlnt s]xL tT;d zAb o;k|sf/
5g\—
cª\u, c+z, cGt, cGTo, cjZo, cf1f, cft'/, cfu|x, cfo{,
cfrf/, cfwf/, cf/De, cf/f]Uo, OR5f, pQd, pQ/, pGdQ,
pBt, pTkft, pGdfb, pHHjn, pkfWofo, pbo, pTkGg, pQL0f{,
C0f, Ct', Clif, Ps, Ps5q, PskIf, PsfGt, cf}iflw, cf}ifw,
sIff, s6fIf, s0f{, ss{z, syf, sGof, sfn, sfo{, sf08,
s'df/, s'n, s'zn, s'6'Da, sf]if, Iflt, v08, v8\u, udg, u'?,
u'0f, u[x, 3ft, 36gf, rn, r/, rrf{, 5n, hGd, ho, hut\,
hLjg, lht, hGd, lrGtf, tŒj, td, ltSt, t[i0ff, t}n, bUw, bftf,
bfgj, blIf0f, bDklQ, b'i6, b'u{d, b'Uw, wg, wd{, wfd, lg0f{o,
lgod, lgZr, lgTo, lgo'Qm, lgk'0f, klt, kfk, k'0o, k/f]If, k/d,
kljq, kmn, a4, a'l4, elQm, efUo, efjgf, eljio, eLif0f, dg'io,
dfGo, dGq, df]Io, d'lQm, d'lg, o1f, of]Uo, of]hgf, /fhf, /Qm,
/f]u, nIo, nIdL, n'Aw, nf]s, ljho, ljgf]b, ljZj, ljgLt, ljwftf,
zlQm, zf:q z'Sn, z'Ns, if6\sf]0f, ;fu/, ;d'b|, ;'v, ;'t,
;'Gb/, xl/, xjg OToflb .
o:tf xhf/f} F tT;d zAb g]kfnL, lxGbL, aª\ufnL cflb
efiffx¿df k|f/Deb]lv g} k|rlnt eP/ klr;s]sf] s'/f cWoogaf6
k|i6 x'G5 . o:tf zAbsf] cy{df klg ljz]if kl/jt{g ePsf]
kfOFb}g .
338

@=@ cfw'lgs sfndf k|rlnt tT;d zAb
cfw'lgs sfn ljz]iftof ljleGg j}1flgs tyf ljleGg
pks/0fx¿sf ;fwg a9\b} hfFbf ;DalGwt b]zx¿af6 o:tf
;fwgx¿sf] k|j]z x'g yfNof] . o:tf pks/0f— ;fwgsf gfd klg
ljz]if ¿kdf ljb]zL efiffsf zAbdf k|rlnt x'g yfn]kl5 o:tf
zAbsf cg'jfb ;+:s[t efiffdf ul/g yflnof] . pk;u{, k|Too, b'O{
jf b'O{eGbf w]/} zAbx¿nfO{ hf]8]/ klg gofF kfl/eflifs zAbx¿
lgdf{0f ug{ yflnof] .
o; sfo{df lxGbL / g]kfnL b'O6} efiffx¿n] k|foM Pp6}
pkfo u|x0f u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf kfl/eflifs zAb ;dfg¿kaf6}
k|rlnt 5g\ . o:tf kfl/eflifs zAb cbfnt, lzIffs]Gb|, j}1flgs
If]q cflbdf k|rlnt x'g] cª\u| ]hL zAbx¿sf ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ klg
agfO;lsPsf] 5 M
clwgfos, clwsf/, cg'df]bg, cGj]if0f, cGofo, clwjStf,
cleof]u, cleo'Qm, cleefjs, cEoyL{, c/fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o, cfGbf]ng,
pBf]u ljefu, pQ]hgf, pknAw, pkkTgL, pkfWoIf, pkof]u,
P]lR5s cf}krfl/s, sfo{sfl/0fL, sfo{stf{ {, sfo{zfnf, u0ftGq,
u[xdGqfno, u0fk"lt{, cf}Bf]lus ljsf; s]Gb|, lgbfgs]Gb|, lgof]hg,
lg/f]w, lgo'lQm, lg/LIfs, k/dfb]z, kl/efiff, k~hLs/0f, lg/k/fw,
dgf]gLt, dfggLo, dxfGofoflwjQmf, oftfoft, of]hgfcfof]u,
kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[lzz'sNof0f s]Gb|, ljlgod, ;ldlt, ;+o'Qm
;lrj, x:tsnf OToflb .
o:tf c;ª\Vo zAb lxGbL / g]kfnLdf ;dfg¿kdf k|rlnt
5g\ . cª\u| ]hL cflb ljb]zL efiffx¿sf] t'ngfdf ;+:s[t efiff g}
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf] lgs6 ePsfn] oL b'j} efiffn] cfˆgf] efiffdf
k|of]u x'g] zAbx¿ ;+:s[taf6} u|x0f ug] { u/]sf 5g\ .
@=# lxGbLdf ljsNko'Qm, g]kfnLdf ljsNkxLg tT;d zAb
s]xL tT;d zAb g]kfnLdf ax'k|rlnt 5g\ t/ lxGbLdf sd
k|rlnt 5g\ . w]/} k|rlnt ePsf sf/0f g]kfnLn] tT;d zAbnfO{
g} rnfpg] u/]sf] 5 . lxGbLdf o:tf tT;d zAbx¿sf] ;§f tb\ej
339

jf c/aL–kmf/;L cflbsf] zAb k|rlnt x' Fb} cfPsfn] tT;d zAbsf]
k|of]u uf}0f ePsf] b]lvG5 .
g]kfnLdf tT;d zAb lxGbLdf tb\ej jf cGo
Hjfnf
nk]6]F
;Ddfg
sb/
;'Gb/
v"a;'/t
:jf:Yo
taLot
c+z
lx:;f
;d"x
stf/
;DklQ
bf}nt
k|j]z
bflvnf
k/fdz{
;nfx, d;lj/f
s[i0fkIf
jbL
z'SnkIf
;'bL
bf]if
P]a, km/]a
C0f
shf{
PsfGt
;'g;fg
s'df/L
SjfF/L
j+z–s'n
vfgbfg
ljjfx
zfbL
j|taGw
hg]p
efUo
tsbL/
pT;j
hn;f
?lr
k;Gb
a'l4
cSsn
d'v
r]x/f
z/L/
jbg
pQd
pDbf
340

@=$ g]kfnLdf ax'k|rlnt, lxGbLdf ck|rlnt
g]kfnLdf s]xL tT;d zAb clt k|rlnt 5g\ . lxGbLdf
k|rlnt 5}gg\—
s07>L M cltlk|o j:t' jf JolQm, unfdf klxl/g] Ps
k|sf/sf] cfe"if0fsf lglDt s07>L zAb k|rlnt 5, h'g zAb
lxGbLdf 5}g .
efu–zflGt— o; zAbaf6 g]kfnLdf s'g} j:t'nfO{ w]/}
hgfdf kIfkft gu/L a/fa/ afF8\g' cy{ ;lD‰OG5 .
j/0fL— ljjfxdf sGof kIfsf] åf/df hGtL k'u]kl5 sGofkIfsf]
k|ltlglwåf/f ul/g] j/k"hf / tT;DaGwL ljwfg .
ultdlt— bzf, cj:yf, v/fa cfr/0f .
clestf{— cbfntdf k]; ul/g] k|fy{gfkq, lgj]bg cflb
n]Vg] JolQm .
plNnlvt zAbx¿ g]kfnLdf cTolws k|rlnt 5g\ t/
lxGbLdf tL zAbx¿sf] k|of]u kfOFb}g .
Pp6} ljifo leGg–leGg tT;d zAbåf/f k|rlnt
g]kfnL / lxGbLdf sltko tT;d zAbsf kof{ojfrL zAbx¿sf]
Pp6f zAb g]kfnLdf k|rlnt 5 eg] csf] { zAb lxGbLdf k|rlnt
kfOG5 .
df3z'Snk~rdLdf ;/:jtLk"hfsf] cfof]hgf x'G5 . g]kfn
/ ef/t b'j}lt/ o; dxf]T;jsf] k|rng 5 . o; lbgnfO{
g]kfnLdf >Lk~rdL elgG5 . lxGbLdf j;Gtk~rdLsf] gfdaf6
k'sfl/G5 .
>fj0fz'Snk"l0f{dfnfO{ g]kfnLdf Cliftk{0fL k"l0f{dfsf] gfdaf6
k'sfl/G5 . lxGbLdf /IffaGwg k|rlnt 5 .
o:t} s]xL tT;d zAb lxGbLsf] t'ngfdf g]kfnLdf w]/}
k|rlnt 5g\ M
341

pNsf, ss{z, r08L, lgi7'/, skfn, hft, 6Lsf, l/k', z]if,
jfo', x+;, slt cflb .
oBlk lxGbLdf klg o:tf zAb k|rlnt 5g\ t/ ;fdfGo
hghLjgdf x'g] k|rngsf cfwf/df a'´bf lxGbLeGbf g]kfnLdf
w]/} Jofks 5 .
o;/L g} lbg zAb lxGbLdf w]/} Jofks 5 . g]kfnLdf
lbj; zAbsf] tb\ej ¿k lbpF;f] zAb ax'k|rlnt 5 . d'v
zAbs] g]kfnLdf s'g} ljsNk 5}g . t/ lxGbLdf d'x pRrf/0f
ul/G5 .
g]kfnL / lxGbLdf k|o'Qm x'g] tT;d zAbx¿af/] cWoog
ubf{ k|i6 x'G5— oL b'O6} efiffdf k|of]u x' Fb} cfPsf tT;d zAbdf
Jofks cGt/ 5 . s]xL tT;d zAb g]kfnLdf ljz]if k|rlnt x'g]
u/]sf 5g\ eg] lxGbLdf sd . s]xL zAb g]kfnLdf sd k|rlnt
5g\ eg] lxGbldf w]/} k|rlnt . oL b'j} efiffsf] cfwf/If]q cnu–
cnu ePsfn] cf–cfˆgf] If]qdf k|rlnt /Llt÷l/jfh, k/Dk/f,
wfld{s ljZjf;, ;fdflhs l:ylt, /fhglts k/Dk/f, ;f+:s[lts
w/ftn cflb cg]sf} F sf/0fn] oL tT;d zAbx¿sf] w]/yf]/ k|rng,
;d–k|rng cflbsf] cfwf/ ag]sf] xf] .
;+:s[taf6 ljsl;t sltko tb\ej zAbsf tb\ej;Fu d"n
¿k -tT;d_ klg k|o'Qm x'g] u5{g\— sdaf6 sfd, sfo{af6 sfh
x:taf6 xft -g]kfnLdf_ xfy -lxGbLdf_ cflb .
sltko tb\ej zAbn] cfˆgf] d"n¿k -tT;d_nfO{
Jojxf/df lhlt;s]sf] 5— clIf zAbaf6 cfFvf -g]kfnL_ cfFvf
-lxGbL_ gfl;saf6 gfsh:tf zAbx¿ k|of]u ubf{ d"n¿klt/ sf]xL
hfFb}g .
w]/}h;f] tb\ej zAbn] cfˆgf] d"n tT;d ¿kdf h'g cy{
lyof] To;nfO{ klg 5f]l8;s]sf 5g\ . h:t} af}4 zAbsf] cy{
a'4sf cg'ofoL x'G5 . k/Gt' o;sf] tb\ej ¿k a'4' zAbn] d"v{
jf c1fgL eGg] a'l‰G5 .
342

g]kfnL / lxGbLdf k|rlnt s]xL tb\ej zAb
oL b'j} efiffdf k|rlnt tb\ej zAbsf] cflb;|f]t Pp6} eP
klg sltko zAbdf cy{ut ;dfgtf b]lvP tfklg zAbut
;dfgtf b'O{cf]6} efiffdf k|rlnt tb\ej zAbsf aLr kfOFb}g .
Pp6} d"n ¿kaf6 ljsl;t eP tfklg pRrf/0f, dfq, j0ff{ud,
j0f{ljko{o, j0f{nf]k cflb cg]sf} F sf/0faf6 g]kfnL / lxGbLsf
tb\ej zAbdf zAbut ;dfgtf k|foM b]lvFb}g .
t;y{ g]kfnL efiff lxGbLs} Pp6f af]nL xf] eg]/ g]kfnL
efiffk|lt b'ef{jgf /fVg]x¿n] klg of] a'´g'k5{— jf:tjdf g]kfnL /
lxGbLsf] af6f] k|fs[t sfnb]lv g} 5'l§Psf] xf] clg oL b'j} efiff
Pscsf{sf cg'jtL{ xf]Ogg\ . b'j} ;dfgfGt/ efiff x'g\ .
g]kfnL / lxGbL k|fs[tsfnb]lv g} k[ys\
F
g]kfnL / lxGbL k|fs[tsfnb]lv g} k[ys\ eP/ cfPsf x'g\
eGg] k|df0f oL efiffdf k|rlnt cg]sf} zAbx¿sf cfwf/df eGg
;lsG5 .
k|fs[t / g]kfnLdf ;dfg, lxGbLdf kl/jlt{t
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
alx0fL alxgL axg
;c ;o ;f}
;Q/L ;Q/L ;Q/
nl6\7 n6\7L nf7L
sf] sf] sf}g
ulx/f] ulx/f] ux/f
alx/f] alx/f] ax/f
uf]/f] uf]/f] uf]/f
5'/f] 5'/f] 5'/f
343

k|fs[t / lxGbLdf ;dfg÷g]kfnLdf kl/jlt{t
k|fs[t lxGbL g]kfnL
s8fx s8fx s/fxL
vl8of vl8of v/L
k|fs[t, g]kfnL, lxGbL tLgcf]6}df leGg ¿k
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
vDa vfFaf] vDef
uUu/ ufu|f] uu/f
ulx/ ulx/f] ux/f
ufjL ufO{ ufo
ufd ufpF ufFj
y0f y'g yg
bflx0f bflxhf] bx]h
aLHh lap aLh
rpTyL rf}yf] rf}y
k|fs[t / g]kfnLdf k|rlnt lxGbLdf ck|rlnt
k|fs[t g]kfnL lxGbL
sljO sOnf e"/f -/ª\u_
5Ss 5Ss cfZro{
b|x bx kf]v/
kx'0f kfx'gf d]xdfg
lk6\7 lk7f] cfF6f
lauf/ lauf/ g'S;fg
a6\6 af6f] /f:tf
d0f':o dflg; cfbdL
d2n dfbn 9f]ns
344

dxd\ dx zxb
?Svf] ¿v k]8
hf]Jj0fd\ hf]jg hjfgL
5fjcf] 5fp/f aRrf
dfq kl/jt{gsf;f ;dfg tb\ej zAb
lxGbLdf c sf/fGt cyjf cf sf/fGt ePsf tb\ej zAb
g]kfnLdf cf]sf/fGt ¿kdf 5g\ M
lxGbL g]kfnL
cfu cfuf]
vDef vfFaf]
;;'/ ;;'/f]
pFrf pFrf]
bLof bLof]
b'anf b'Anf]
ljz]if0fd"ns zAb
ljz]if0fd"ns tb\ej zAbx¿ lxGbLdf k|foM cfsf/fGt x'g]
u5{g\ . g]kfnLdf cf]sf/fGt ePsf 5g\ .
lxGbL g]kfnL
sfnf sfnf]
gLnf gLnf]
tLvf tLvf]
ax/f alx/f]
x/f xl/of]
uf]/f uf]/f]
ux/f ulx/f]
dxFuf dxFuf]
345

zAbfGt n Jo~hg
sltko zAbfGt n Jo~hg ePsf tT;d zAbaf6 ag]sf
g]kfnL tb\ej ¿kdf klg n Jo~hgdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g t/
To;}sf] lxGbL tb\ej ¿kdf nsf] 7fpFdf / ePsf] kfOG5 M
;+:s[t tT;d g]kfnL tb\ej lxGbL tb\ej
c§fnL c6fnL c6f/L
z[ufn l;ofn l;cf/
st}–st} o;sf] ljk/Lt cyf{t\ g]kfnLdf / ePsf] 5—
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
sfi6kmn s6x/ s6xn
sbnL s]/f s]nf
;+:s[t :t
;+:s[t tT;d zAbsf] zAbflb :tsf] g]kfnLdf y', lxGbLdf
y ePsf] 5 . ;+:s[t :tgaf6 y'g -g]kfnL_ yg -lxGbL_ zAbfGt
:tdf eg] ;sf] cfsf/ ePsf] 5 . k/Gt' g]kfnLdf zAbfGt t
ablnPsf] 5}g, lxGbLdf tsf] y ePsf] kfOG5 M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
x:t xft xfy
x:tL xfQL xfyL
tT;d zAbsf] cGTo pmsf/
;+:s[t tT;d zAbsf] cGTo pmsf/ g]kfnLdf pmsf/ g}
/x]sf] 5 t/ lxGbLdf c ePsf] 5 M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
Zj>" ;f;" ;f;
g]kfnLdf p sf/fGt lxGbLdf j sf/fGt
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
u|fd ufpF ufFj
346

3ft 3fp 3fj
kfb kfp kfFj
g]kfnLdf dWo p sf/, lxGbLdf j sf/dWo
g]kfnL tb\ej lxGbL tb\ej
pQfpnf] ptfjnf
s;fpg' s;jfgf
;'gfpg' ;'gjfgf
;fpg ;fjg
g]kfnLdf zAbdWo Osf/, lxGbLdf osf/
g]kfnL sf]on
sf]Onf sf]onf
g]kfnLdf zAbfGt O{sf/, lxGbLdf osf/
g]kfnL lxGbL
ufO{ ufo
wfO{ wfo
lxGbLsf tb\ej zAb g]kfnLdf
lxGbLefiffdf k|rlnt s]xL tb\ej zAb g]kfnLdf klg
;dfgfGt/ ¿kdf k|rlnt 5g\ . k/Gt' g]kfnL efiffn] cGo
efiffaf6 lnPsf zAb s]xL kl/jt{gsf ;fy dfq u|x0f u/]sf]
kfOG5 .
lxGbL g]kfnL
crDef crDd
cg"7f cgf}7f]
On} +rL cn} FrL
3'8sL 3'sL{
347

+
g]kfnLdf ;+:s[t lgld{t tb\ej zAb, lxGbLdf cfuGt's zAb
g]kfnLdf w]/} o:tf tb\ej zAbx¿ 5g\ hf] ;+:s[taf6 lgld{t
ePsf 5g\ t/ lxGbLdf o:tf zAbsf 7fpFdf ;+:s[t–lgld{t tb\ej
zAb geP/ cfuGt's c/aL cyjf kmf/;Lsf zAbx¿ kfOG5g\ M
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbLdf k|rlnt zAb
s'Ss'6 s'v'/f] d'uf{ -kmf/;L_
sf]dn sdnf] g/d
bfl8dd\ bfl/d cgf/ -kmf/;L_
kf/fjt k/]jf sa"t/ -kmf/;L_
kL8f kL/ bb{ -kmf/;L_
dw' dx zxb -kmf/;L_
/Qmd /ut v"g -kmf/;L_
l/Qm l/QL vfnL -kmf/;L_
and\ an tfst -kmf/;L_
g]kfnL tyf lxGbLsf cfb/fyL{ tb\ej zAb
g]kfnL tyf lxGbLdf k|rlnt ;j{gfdjfrL zAbx¿df klg
k|foM ;dfgtf kfOFb}g . ljz]iftM cfb/fyL{ ;j{gfd zAbdf w]/}
leGgtf 5 .
g]kfnLdf tkfO{ eGbf lxGbLsf] cfk zAbsf] t'ngfdf lgs}
b'Anf] 5 . pbfx/0fdf x]/f} F— g]kfnLdf tkfO{ +eGbf a9L cfb/ oxfF
pxfF zAbaf6 ‰lNsG5 . c‰ w]/} cfb/ ug' {kbf{ xh'/ zAbsf]
k|of]u x'G5 . cfk"m zAb klg cfb/ ul/g] JolQmk|lt x'G5 . k/Gt'
lxGbLdf Pp6} cfk zAbn] dfq sfd rnfpg'k5{ .
cfuGt's zAb
h'g;'s} efiffdf klg cfuGt's zAbsf] /fd|f] :yfg /x]sf]
x'G5 . cfuGt's zAb hlt ;dfj]z ug{ ;Sof] Tolt g} Tof] efiff
pGgt sxnfpF5 . o;sf/0f g} cª\u| ]hL efiff ljZjdf pGgt
7xl/Psf] xf] . ljleGg cfjfudg, Jofkf/ tyf cGo sltko
348

sf/0fn] ubf{ Pscsf{ efiffsf] efiffz}nLsf] ;Dks{ x'G5 . o;}af6
efiffsf] cfbg–k|bfg x'G5 .
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf tb\ej zAbsf] t'ngf ug] { qmddf, oL b'O{
efiffaLr h'g efiffn] cfuGt's zAb s'g ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ eGg]
s'/f b]vfpg' g} pko'Qm x'g]5 . oL b'O{ efiffdf k|o'Qm x'g]
cfuGt's zAbdf d'Vo e]b— sltko cfuGt's zAb g]kfnLdf
tb\ej ¿kdf k|rlnt x'g' / lxGbLdf tT;d ¿kd} /xg' xf] .
kmf/;Laf6
lxGbL g]kfnL
sfzdsz s;fs;
rfnfs rnfv
tDafs" tdfv'
k]zfa lk;fk
c/aLaf6
lxGbL g]kfnL
lsZd lsl;d
tfsLb tflutf
h'Nd h'n'd
gf}s/ gf]s/
asfof aSof}tf]
cª\u| ]hLaf6
lxGbL g]kfnL
n]lˆ6g]G6 nK6g
hg/n hg] {n OGoflb
o;/L lxGbL / g]kfnLsf tb\ej zAbnfO{ s]nfP/ x]bf{
oL b'j} efiffaLr 7"nf] cGt/ 5 . oL b'j} efiff k/:k/ cfl>t
efiff geP/ ;dfgfGt/ efiff x'g\ . oL b'O{cf]6}sf] cf–cfˆgf]
349

;flxTo 5 . If]q km/s 5 . cf–cfˆg} 9ª\un] ljsl;t eP/
cfPsf 5g\ .
tb\ej zAbsf] oL b'j} efiffdf ljz]if dxŒj ePsf] s'/f
ljåfg\x¿n] dfg]sf 5g\ . lxhf]cfh efiffdf ‰/f]{kg Nofpg]
k|lqmofcGtu{t tb\ej zAbsf] dxŒj lgs} a9]sf] 5 .
…tb\ej zAb g} c;nL lxGbL zAb x'g\ t;y{ oLk|lt ljz]if
df]x x'g'k5{ .Ú !)
…tb\ej zAb g} g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf;qmddf cfPsf zAb
x'g\ . o:tf zAb g]kfnLn] k}t[s ;DklQsf ¿kdf k|fKt u/]sf]
5 .Ú !! lxGbL tyf g]kfnL b'j} efiffIf]qsf ljåfg\x¿n] tb\ej
zAbnfO{ ljz]if dxŒj lbg yfn]sf] s'/f dflysf egfOaf6 k|:6
x'G5 .
#=^ ;dfg¿kdf k|rlnt tb\ej–zAb
g]kfnL / lxGbLdf clwsf+z tb\ej zAb ;dfg¿kn] ;dfg
cy{df k|rlnt 5g\ . oBlk tT;d zAbsf] h:tf] k"0f{tof ;dfg
tb\ej zAb kfOFb}gg\ . tb\ej zAbsf] pRrf/0fdf cyjf ljsf;–
k|lqmofdf :yfge]bsf sf/0f kof{Kt leGgtf x'G5 . lxGbL efiffdf
klg :yfge]b x'g]lalQs} sltko zAbx¿sf] pRrf/0f ablnG5 .
dfq, Wjlge]b cflbnfO{ lnlvt ¿kdf dfGotf glbg' csf] { s'/f .
g]kfnL / lxGbLsf tb\ej zAbx¿sf] aLr c;dfgtf x'g' :jefljs
g} xf] .
lxGbL / g]kfnLdf ;dfg tb\ej
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
u[x 3/ 3/
cfzf cf; cf;
sd{ sfd sfd
!)= wL/]Gb| jdf{, lxGbL efiffsf Oltxf;, ci6d ;+:s/0f, k[i7 &) .
!!= r"8fdl0f aGw', g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ, k|yd ;+:s/0f, k[= (! .
350

3f]6s 3f]8f 3f]8f
t}n t]n t]n
s0f{ sfg sfg
gfl;sf gfs gfs
#=& dfqf kl/jt{gsf ;fy ;dfg tb\ej zAb
lxGbLdf csf/fGt cyjf cfsf/fGt tb\ej zAb g]kfnLdf
cf]sf/fGt M
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
clUg cfuf] cfu
pRr pFrf] pFrf
:tDe vfFaf] vDef
bLks bLof] bLof
jT; aRrf] aRrf
Zj;'/ ;;'/f ;;'/
#=* ljz]if0fjfrs tb\ej zAb
;+:s[tsf ljz]if0fjfrs tT;d zAbx¿sf] cGTo csf/
lxGbLsf] tb\ej ¿kdf cfsf/ ag]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnLdf cf]sf/—
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
sfnM sfnf] sfnf
xl/tM xl/of] x/f
gLnM gLnf] gLnf
uf}/M uf]/f] uf]/f
tLI0f tLvf] tLvf
u+eL/ ulx/f] ux/f
alw/ alx/f] ax/f
dxf3{ dxFuf] dxFuf
b'a{n b'Anf] b'anf
351

#=( dfqf, Jo~hg cflbdf kl/jlt{t tb\ej zAb–zAbfGt n
Jo~hg
sltko zAbfGt n Jo~hg tT;d zAbsf] nsf] g]kfnL
tb\ej ¿kdf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5}g, lxGbLdf nsf] :yfgdf …/Ú
k|rlnt 5—
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
c6\6fnL c6fnL c6f/L
z[ufn l;ofn -:ofn_ l;uf/
sltko zAbdf ljk/Lt cyf{t\ lxGbLdf …nÚ g]kfnLdf …/Ú
ePsf] 5 .
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
sfi6kmn s6x/ s6xn
sbnL s]/f s]nf
;+:s[t :tsf] lxGbLdf y g]kfnLdf y'
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
:tg y'g yg
zAbflb cf] :j/
;+:s[t tT;d zAbsf] cflb cf] sf] lxGbLdf xf] ag]sf] 5
eg] g]kfnLdf cf] g} k|rlnt 5 M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
cf] cf] -;Daf]wgzAb_ xf]
zAb dWo ; Jo~hg tyf zAbfGt t
lxGbL tyf g]kfnL b'O6} efiffdf ;+:s[tsf] zAbdWo ;sf]
cfsf/df kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . t/ o:tf zAbsf] cGTo t j0f{sf]
lxGbLdf y ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfnL t g} l:y/ 5 M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
x:t xft xfy
x:tL xfQL xfyL
352

zAbfGt z Jo~hg
;+:s[t tT;d zAbsf] cGTo z lxGbLdf k|foM x ePsf]
5 . g]kfnLdf eg] st} O 5 st} / ag]sf] 5 . clg st} xsf]
nf]k ePsf] 5 .
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
åfbz afx| af/x
iff]8z ;f]x| ;f]nx
Psfbz P3f/ Uof/x
rt'b{z rf}w rf}bx
;Ktbz ;q ;qx
;+:s[t tT;d zAbsf] cGTo pm :j/
;+:s[tdf k|o'Qm zAbfGt pm sf] lxGbLdf csf/ ag]sf] 5
eg] g]kfnLdf pm g} k|rlnt 5 M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
Zj>" ;f;" ;f;
g]kfnLdf psf/fGt lxGbLdf jsf/fGt
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
u|fd ufpF ufj
cfd cfpF cfFj
3ft 3fp 3fj
kfb kfp kfFj
g]kfnLdf dWo p lxGbLdf j
g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
pQfpnf] ptfjnf
8/fpg' 8/fjgf
;'gfpg' s;jfgf
;fpg ;fjg
353

lxGbLdf dWo o g]kfnLdf O
lxGbL g]kfnL
sf]on sf]OnL
sf]onf sf]Onf
lxGbLdf cGTo o g]kfnLdf O
lxGbL g]kfnL
ufo
ufO{
wfo
wfO{
#=! g]kfnL k|rlnt lxGbLdf ck|rlnt tb\ej zAb
;+:s[tsf cg]sf}F tT;d zAb ljs[t eP/ k|fs[t x'Fb}
g]kfnLdf tb\ej ¿kdf k|rlnt ePsf 5g\ t/ lxGbLdf o:tf zAb
k|rlnt 5}gg\ M
;+:s[t k|fs[t lxGbL g]kfnL
b[9 b8 b/f] dha't
klt kO{ kf]O{ klt
slkn sljn sOnf] e"/f
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
k/fl/ k/f/ bf] ;fn kxn]
XoM lxhf] latf x'cf sn
cf;Lt\ cl:t s'5 lbg kxn]
dg'io dflg; cfbdL
d;[0f dl;g' d'nfod
jqm afª\uf] 6]9f
;'u[x ;'U3/ ;kmf
;dfg ¿kdf k|rlnt tb\ej zAb
;+:s[t -tT;d_ g]kfnL -tb\ej_ lxGbL -tb\ej_
sfo{ sfh sfh
sd{ sfd sfd
354

uf] ufO{ ufo
dftf cfdf dfF
u]x 3/ 3/
od'gf hd'gf hd'gf
nIf0f nlR5g nR5g
do"/ d'h"/ df]/
clUg cfuf] cfu
pRr pFrf] pFrf
b'a{n b'Anf] b'anf
cfzf cf; cf;
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
låtLo k|x/ bf]k/ bf]kx/ -dWofXg_
If]q v]t -s]jn wfg /f]lkg]_ v]t -;Dk"0f{_ pkh,
pj{/ e"ld
:yfg y/ -g]kfnLdf pkgfdaf]w_ y/ -:yfgljz]if_
g]kfnL / lxGbLdf cy{ leGgtf
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
bLkfjnL b]jfnL lbjfnL
plNnlvt bLkfjnLaf6 ag]sf] lxGbL tb\ej bLjfnL zAbaf6
Pp6f ltxf/ljz]ifsf] af]w x'G5 k/Gt' g]kfnL tb\ej b]jfnL
zAbaf6 s'nb]jtfsf] ljz]if k"hf ;lD‰G5 .
ltlyjf/ zAbaf6 ljsl;t tb\ej zAb
ltlyjf/ zAbaf6 lxGbLdf Tof}xf/ tyf g]kfnLdf ltxf/
leGg–leGg tb\ej zAb ljsl;t 5g\ . oL b'O6} zAbsf] cy{df
leGgtf 5 . lxGbLdf Tof}xf/ zAbaf6 g} s'g} klg kj{–
pT;jljz]ifsf] af]w x'G5 . g]kfnL ltxf/ zAbaf6 s]jn odk~rs
-bLkdflnsf–e|ft[låtLof_ ;lD‰OG5 . lxGbL Tof}xf/ zAbsf] cy{sf]
lj:tf/ 5 t/ ltxf/sf] cy{ ;ª\s'rg ePsf] 5 .
355

#=!$ k[ys\–k[ys\ tT;d zAbaf6 ljsl;t tb\ej zAb
Ps} j:t'sf] cy{af]w u/fpg] ;+:s[t zAbdWo] s'g} Pp6f
zAbsf] tb\ej¿k lxGbLdf ljz]if k|rlnt 5 eg] g]kfnLdf To;}sf]
kof{ojfrL csf] { tT;d zAbaf6 tb\ej¿k ljsl;t ePsf] 5 .
xl/0f Ps kz'ljz]if zAbsf] lxGbLdf lx/g zAb tb\ej
¿kdf k|rlnt 5 . g]kfnLdf xl/0fsf] g} kof{ojfrL zAb d[uaf6
ag]sf] ldu{ tb\ej ¿k k|rlnt 5 . ;"o{ zAbsf] ljsl;t ¿k
;"/h lxGbLdf k|rlnt 5 . g]kfnLdf csf] { kof{ojfrL 3d{
zAbaf6 ljsl;t 3fd zAb ;"o{ cy{df k|rlnt 5 . o;} k|sf/
rGb| | zAb tb\ej¿k rfFb zAb lxGbLdf Jofks 5 . g]kfnLdf
Hof]T:gf zAbsf] tb\ej ¿k h"g zAb rGb|sf] af]ws 5 .
#=!% lxGbL Pj+ g]kfnLsf lqmofx¿
g]kfnLdf s]xL lqmofx¿ hf] g]kfnLdf k|rlnt 5g\ lxGbLdf
k|rlnt 5}gg\ M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
j;\–j;lt a:5 a}7tf x}
vg\–vglt vG5 vf]btf x}
r/\–r/lt r5{ r'utf x}
s]xL tb\ej lqmofx¿ hf] g]kfnLdf k|rlnt lxGbLdf 5}gg\ M
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
e0f\–e0flt eG5 sxtf x}
qmL–qmL8lt lsG5 v/Lbtf x}
pt±rnÖpRrfnolt rfN5 p7ftf x}
tIf–tIflt tf:5 l5ntf x}
#=!^ g]kfnLdf tT;d ¿kd} k|rlnt, lxGbLdf tb\ej ¿k
;+:s[t g]kfnL lxGbL
cfZro{ cfZro{ cr/h
wd{ wd{ w/d
356

{
{
sd{ sd{ s/d
k"0f{ k"0f{ k"/g
d"v{ d"v{ d"/v
eQm eQm eut
tLy{ tLy{ tL/y
st{Jo st{Jo s/ta
lj£g lj£g lj3g
e|d e|d e/d
;"o{ ;"o{ ;'/h
dfly g]kfnL / lxGbL efiffx¿sf] ;fdfGo t'ngf ub} b'j}
efiffx¿df k|o'Qm tT;d zAb Pj+ tb\ej zAbsf] ;dfgtf /
ljifdtfaf/] ;ª\If]kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} lxGbL tyf
g]kfnLsf tb\ej zAbx¿sf] t'ngfaf6 b'O6} efiffx¿sf aLr s]xL
;dfgtfsf ;fy} w]/} k/:k/ leGgtf 5 eGg] s'/f af]w x'G5 . oL
b'O6} efiffx¿ ;dfgfGt/ efiff x'g\ . clg Pp6} d"n cyf{t\
;+:s[taf6 ljsl;t x'g\ t/ If]q leGgtfsf sf/0f b'j}df c;dfgtf
x'g' :jefljs 5 .
lxGbL tyf g]kfnL b'O6} efiffdf ;+:s[tsf tT;d zAb
cyjf tb\ej zAb g} d'Vo zAb;d"x x'g\ . cfhsf efiffj}1flgsx¿
tT;d tyf tb\ej b'O6} zAb;d"xnfO{ ;dfg¿kaf6 k|of]u ub}
cfPsf 5g\ .
lxGbLdf /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o— bL3{ Osf/fGt .
;ª\Vofjfrs …sltÚ zAbsf] g]kfnLdf s'g} tb\ej ¿k 5}g,
lxGbLdf …lstgfÚ zAb …sltÚsf] :yfgdf k|rlnt 5 .
k|:t't cfn]v tof/ kfg{— ;+:s[t, g]kfnL, k|fs[t / lxGbLsf
ljleGg sf]z / Jofs/0fx¿sf] ;xfotf lnOPsf] 5 . lj:t[ttfsf
eon] ;a}sf] pNn]v ug{ ;lsPg .
357