Nepali 200 layout 491to 732 org.pmd - Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya

08 / Gofosf] k|frLg tyf cjf{rLg ¿k
— xif{gfy e§/fO{
dg':d[ltdf b08nfO{ klg b]jtfsf] ¿k dfg]sf 5g\ .
logsf] j0f{ sfnf], cfFvf /ftf] x'G5 . lognfO{ k|hfkltn]
wd{sf] cjtf/ / cfˆgf k'qsf] ¿kdf hGdfPsf x'g\ eGg] 5 . –
dg'= & .@%
b08 g} ljZjdf zflGtsf] /Ifs tyf :yfks xf] . o;sf]
cg'kl:yltdf zlQmzfnLn] lga{lnofx¿nfO{ ;tfpF5g\ / dT:o Gofo
k}mlnG5 -h:t}— 7"nf] df5fn] ;fgf e'/f df5fx¿nfO{ lgn]h:t}
7"nf–alnofn] lga{lnofx¿sf] cl:tTj d]6fpFb5g\ ._
b08 zAbsf] Jo'Tklt o:tf] 5— bdgd\ jf bdgft\ Olt
b08M— hf] cyjf h]n] bdg u5{, k|ltkIfnfO{ afWo u/fpFb5, o;}
u/, o;sf] lj?4 gu/ eGg] afWotf u/fpFb5 eg] oxL g}
b08zlQm xf] .
b08 g} jf:tjdf /fhf tyf zf;g xf], x'g t o;sf] k|of]u
/fhf cyjf lhDd]bf/ clwsf/Låf/f x'G5 . ck/fwsf] t'ngfdf a9L
s7f]/ b08 lbPdf k|hfx¿ ?i6 x'G5g\ / sd :t/sf] b08 lbPdf
To;n] /fhf jf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] pk]Iff jf x]nf ub{5g\ .
o;sf/0f /fhf jf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] 7Ls;Fu hfFrL–a'‰L plrt
b08sf] ljwfg k|:t't ug' {kb{5 . olb ck/fwLnfO{ ck/fwdflkmssf]
b08 gug] { xf] eg] ltg} cyf{t\ /fhf jf b08flwsf/L To;
ck/fw / kfksf] efuL x'G5g\ . b08sf] dxfTDodf dg'sf] pb\uf/
o:tf] 5—
b08M zfl:t k|hfM ;jf{ b08 Pjf le/Iflt .
b08M ;Kt]if' hfult{ b08+ wd{ ljb'a'wfM ..
dg'= & .!* ..
-b08 g} zf;g ub{5, b08 g} ;a}sf] /Iff ub{5 . b08
g} ;'t]sfnfO{ hufpFb5 . ctPj ljåfg\x¿n] b08nfO{ wd{ dfg]sf
x'g\_ .
672

o; b08sf] cfwf/df Jojxf/ rnfpg] zf:q jf gLltnfO{
b08gLlt eg]sf 5g\ . of] zf:q clt k|frLg xf] . dxfef/tsf]
zflGtkj{sf] %( cf} F cWofodf s] atfPsf 5g\ eg]— ;Too'udf
w]/} ;do;Dd g /fhf lyP, g b08 lyof] . k|hf sdf{g'ufldgL
lyof], s]xL ;dokl5 sfd, qmf]w, nf]eflb b'u' {0f pTkGg eP .
st{Jof–st{Josf] 1fg gi6 eof], clg dT:oGofosf] af]njfnf
eof] . o:tf] l:ylt ;[hgf ePkl5 b]jtfx¿sf] k|fy{gfdf a|Xdfn]
Ps nfv Znf]s ePsf] …b08gLltÚ gfdsf] gLltzf:q jf Gofozf:q
/rgf u/] . o;}sf], cfjZostf / ;dofg';f/ ;ª\lIfKt ul/Fb}
ljzfnfIf, afx'blGts, afx{:kTo, cf}zg;flb gLltzf:q, dfgjzf:q,
cy{zf:q, sfdGbsLo gLlt / z'qmgLlt;f/ gfdsf gLltzf:qx¿
lgdf{0f eP . b08gLltsf] k|of]u /fhfaf6 x'GYof] . of] /fhwd{sf]
g} Ps k|d'v cË xf] .
sf}l6Non] cy{zf:qsf] …ljBf;d'2]ZoÚ gfds k|s/0fdf ljBfx¿sf]
;"rL lbPsf 5g\, To;df b08gLltsf] u0fgf o;/L u/]sf 5g\ M–
æcflGjlIfsL– qoL–jftf{–b08gLlt Zj]lt ljBfM ..Æ
sf}l6Non] j0f{g u/]sf /fhgLlts ;Dk|bfox¿df cf}zg;
;Dk|bfosf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\— hf] rf/ ljBfdWo] s]jn b08gLltnfO{
g} k|d'v ljBf dfGg] kIfdf 5 .
cy{zf:qdf b08gLltsf lgDgflÍt $ sfo{ atfPsf 5g\—
! cnAw nfdfyf{— kfpg g;lsg] j:t' k|fKt u/fpg] .
@ nAw:o kl//lIf0fL— k|fKt ePsf j:t'sf] ;'/Iff u/fpg] .
# /lIft:o ljjlw{gL— /lIft j:t'sf] j[l4 u/fpg] .
$ j[4:o kfq]if' k|ltkflbgL— j[l4 ePsf j:t' kfq / of]Uo
:yfgdf plrt k|sf/n] ljefhg -k|of]u_ u/fpg] .
ca oxfF b08 zAbsf] ljifodf ljrf/ ul/G5—
b08 -n6\7L jf b08_ o; zAbsf] k|of]u k|foM ;j{dfGo
cy{df g} u/]sf] kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu— kz'x¿nfO{ lgoGq0f
ug{ cyjf Ps c:qsf] ¿kdf . ztky a|fXd0fsf] sygcg';f/—
673

]
k|lti7fkgsf] ;dodf c;'/x¿nfO{ eufpgsf nflu b08 -b08f_
lbOGYof] . a|fXd0f a6' jo:s ePkl5 …pkgogÚ ;+:sf/sf]
;dodf klg b08u|x0fsf] dxŒj ufPsf 5g\ .
b08sf] cfzo nf}lss zflQmsf] ¿kdf /fhfx¿af6 b08sf]
Jojxf/ x'GYof] -/fhk| ]liftf] b08fM_ . t/ cfw'lgs zAbfjnLdf /fhf
g} b08–ljwfgsf] pb\ud x'GYof] / kl5;Dd klg ljwfgsf] of] kIf
:ki6tM /fhfs} lxtdf s]lGb|t lyof] . k+rlj+z a|fXd0fdf ca|fXd0fjfbL
j|fTox¿sf] Ps rfl/lqs ljz]iftfsf] ¿kdf cgk/fwLx¿ -cb08o_nfO{
klg b08 lbg] pNn]v 5 .
b08 klg ;Œj, /h, td / cJoQm u'0fsf] cg's"n rf/
k|sf/sf] dfg]sf 5g\ . h:t}M—
! clttfd;— cwd kz'–k|s[lt / kfzj 3f]/ ;fx;
ck/fwsf nflu ljljw k|sf/sf zf/Ll/s b08—
5]bg, e]bg, tf8g cflb .
@ nf]eL -tfd;_ k|s[lt / ck/fwsf nflu wgb08
-hl/jfgf_ cflb
# p4t -/fh;_ sf] klg s]xL k|sf/sf c‰ b'j}, clg
sf/faf;df aGwg, ;kl/>d, bf;tf cflb .
$ s]xL ;flŒjs— d[b':jefjsf nflu, h;af6 o:t} s'g}
ljz]if sf/0faf6, crfgs d"naf6, ;x;fqmf]w, ;x;f
sfdaf6 ck/fw ePsf] 5 eg], hf] kZrfQfk /
k|Vofkg ub{5, cfk"maf6 ePsf] jf cfk"mn] u/]sf]df
nfh dfGb5 / k|folZrt ug{ tof/ x'G5 eg] o:tfsf]
nflu tLg, kfFr, ;ft, kGw|, PSsfO; lbgsf] pkjf;,
rfGb|fo0f, s5« |;f+tkg cflb, ;"lrt jf ljlxt / plrt
5g\ . oL pkjf; ;/n 5}gg\, z/L/ / dgdf lgs}
;Gtfk u/fpFb5g\ / eljiosf nflu ;bfrf/df lgli7t
/ z'4 klg dfGb5g\ .
CUj}lbs sfndf wd{, wd{g\ zAb clgkl5 …ljwfgÚ cyjf
k|rngsf nflu Jojx[t lgoldt zAb x'g\ . t/ Goflos Joj:yf
674

k|rlnt ljwfg–;+lxtfsf] ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes ;flxTodf kfOg]
k|df0f Hofb} sd 5g\ . cfsf] {tk{m wd{;"qdf logsf] k"/f ljj/0f
kfOG5 .
b08 ljwfg -kmf}hbf/L sfg'g_ dxŒjsf] b[li6n] j}lbs
;flxTodf dfGo ck/fwx¿df cltljljwtf 5 . jf:tljs ck/fw /
h;nfO{ cfh sfNklgs zf/Ll/s bf]if jf s]jn k/Dk/fut
k|rngsf] pNnª\3gnfO{ dflgG5, ltgsf aLrdf s'g} :ki6
lje]bs/0fsf] e] ]b u/]sf] kfOFb}g . oxfF zf/Ll/s bf]ifdf -b"lift gª,
s'¿k bfFt_, clg h]7L alxgL 5Fb} sfG5Lsf] ljjfx x'g'nfO{ xTofsf
;fy /flvPsf] 5, oBlk To;sf ;fy ;dLs[t ePsf] 5}g . jl0f{t
ck/fwx¿df e"0fxTof, dg'ioxTof, :qLxTof clg uDeL/ ck/fwdf
a|fXd0fxTofnfO{ klg lnPsf 5g\ . a|fXd0fxTofsf] kfk cZjd]3
o1af6 dfq 5'6\b5 . kl5 uP/ k~rlj+z a|fXd0fdf e| "0fnfO{
klg a|fXd0f;dfg dfg]sf 5g\ . oxL qmddf ljZjf;3ftsf] b08
d[To' atfPsf 5g\ . of] qmd s]xL kl5;Dd /Xof] . t/ /fhf jf
hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] cGtu{t :yflkt s'g} ljz]if Gofo Joj:yfsf]
pNn]v kfOFb}g . j}/–zf]wg k|yfsf] ljifo klg atfPsf 5g\, h'g
o; s'/fsf] k|df0f s] xf] eg]— Gofo To:tfsf] xftdf lyof],
h;af6 ltgsf] xflg x'GYof] . cfsf] {lt/ ;"qx¿df ck/fwaf6
/fhfsf] zflGt eË x'g] pNn]v 5, clg To:tf] lqmofsnfkdf b08
lbg] clwsf/ klg lgb] {z u/]sf 5g\ .
b]jfgL -l;ljn_ sfg'g jf ljlw— j}lbs ;flxTodf b]jfgL
sfg'gsf] pNn]v sd 5 . s'6'Dasf ;DaGwLx¿ / s'6'Dasf
;DklQsf] ljj/0fdf pj{/fIf]q cflb kltsf] dflgG5 -pj{/f,
pj{/f–If]q / pj{/f–klt_ . logsf] aG8f jf c+zsf] efuaG8fnfO{
bfo elgGYof] . e"–;DklQsf] ljqmL–ljt/0f lglif4 lyof], t/ bfgsf]
¿kdf jf blIf0ff egL lbg–lng ;lsGYof], of] klg kl5 uP/
/f]lslbP . ztky a|fXd0fdf o:tf] Joj:yf lbP— bfg / qmo,
h;df ljlgdo ;lDdlnt lyof] . e"lddf k|f/lDes clwsf/ t
lgM;Gb]x sAhfaf6 / hfltsf dflg;df ljefhg x'GYof], ha ls
:yfj/ ;DklQ ;fdfGotof sAhfaf6} clwsf/df cfpFYof], s;/L
675

{
eg] cfˆg} hldgdf a9]sf]af6 kfOPsf] xf];\, jf cglws[t
-a]jfl/;L_ w/tLdf kfOPsf] xf];\ jf Tof] s'g} JolQmsf] geP/
P]nfgL ktL{ xf];\ . wd{;"qdf ;DklQsf] ljt/0f;DaGwL ljwfgdf s]
:ki6 5 eg] -uf}td w=;"= !)=#^ df_ x/fPsf] ;DklQ kfOPdf
Tof] /fhfnfO{ ;'lDkg' eGg] ;ª\s]t 5, hxfF To;sf] Ps c+z
kfpg]nfO{ lbg'kg] { t/ olb Tof] kfpg] dflg; a|fXd0f xf] eg], Tof]
;a} p;}nfO{ lbg' . j}lbs ;flxTodf C0f;DaGwL ;+ljbf -n]v_
afx]s c¿ ljifosf] ;+ljbf kfOFb}g, o:tf] x'g' tfTsflns ;dfhsf]
k|f/lDes cj:yfdf :jfefljs g} lyof] .
k|lqmofsf] ;DaGwdf pNn]v geP klg oh'j] {b #), !) df
/ a| }= t}= #=$=^= / ! df k|lZg, clek|lZg / k|Zg–ljjfssf]
pNn]v 5, h'g qmdzM jfbL, k|ltjfbL / GofofwLz dfg]sf 5g\ .
oL zAb k|f/lDes cj:yfsf Goflos k|lqmofsf ;"rs x'g\, h'g x'g
;S5 log}af6 k~rx¿sf] k}m;nf x'GYof] . oxL efj dWodzLÖ
dWo:y eGg] zAb k|of]u ePsf] 5 . dWodzLsf] cy{ s;}n]
GofofwLz klg u/]sf 5g\ .
kl5 cfP/ t /fhf g} k|d'v l;ljn -b]jfgL_ sf GofofwLz
ag]sf b]lvG5g\, x'g ;S5 klxn] klg oxL JolQm g} d'Vo hh
ePsf] xf]nf . cfˆgf;DaGwL k'?ifx¿sf] ;Nnfxaf6 Gofo uy]
xf]nfg\, t/ oL ;a cg'dfgdf cfwfl/t x'g] s'/f x'g\ . -uf}=w=;"=,
af}=w=;"=cf=_ .
;fIfLsf] lgldQ 1ft / ;/sf/L k'ln;sf] kl/ro lbFbf
…pu|Ú klg k|of]u u/]sf 5g\, t/ pQ/sfndf of] zAb Tolt
k|rlnt ePg .
jf:tjdf k'ln; zAb g} k|frLg k|fs[t zAb xf] . of]
zAb j]bdf k|of]u u/]sf] gkfOP klg zAb eg] k|frLg xf] .
;+:s[t d[R5sl6s gf6sdf …/fh k'ln;}Ú eGg] jfSo k|of]u ePsf]
5 . CUj]bdf …hLju[dÚ zAb k|of]u 5 . of] ;xL¿kdf
ck/fwLnfO{ xflg–gf]S;fgL gk'¥ofO{ lhpFb} kqmg] k'lnsf] cy{df
lnPsf 5g\ .
676

k~rlj+z a|fXd0fdf clUgk/LIffsf] k|;ª\u klg 5 . ToxfF
aT;gfdsf JolQmn] cfˆgf] a|fXd0fTj hf]ufpg b08sf] ¿kdf
clUgsf] Hjfnfaf6 ghnLsg kf/ eP/ cfˆgf] a|fXd0fTj k|dfl0ft
u/]sf lyP . ;Dej 5, of] clUgk/LIff cfk;L ‰u8f ;'N‰fpgsf
nflu ;kysf] ¿kdf lng] k|yf xf]nf . of] hl6n tyf s7f]/
k/LIff /fdfo0fsfndf >L/fdn] klg ;LtfhLsf] z'4tf k|dfl0ft
ug{ k|of]u u/]sf lyP . o; k|;ª\udf olt t cjZo eGg
;lsG5— Gofosf] If]qdf Ps a|fXd0fnfO{ ca|fXd0f eg]/ g;Lxt
eg] cjZo lbOGYof] . -t}=;+=@=%=!!=(_ .
g}ltstfsf] cGtu{t lzz'sf] Tofu, j[4–j[4fsf] Tofu, j]Zofj[lQ,
Jolerf/, cgfrf/ cflbsf] klg pNn]v kfOG5 . sf7s ;+lxtfsf]
Ps:yndf afn–aflnsf / lzz'x¿sf] kl/Tofusf] pNn]v u/]sf
5g\ . kl/Tofu dfq xf]Og, ltgnfO{ sxLF lgh{g :yfgsf] s'gfdf
;'tfP/ jf:tf gug' { klg Tofu xf] . ha s'g}, s;}sf] Ps
afnsnfO{ lnP/ wd{k'q klg agfpg ;Sy] . t}klg ltgtfsf
aflnsfsf] hGd nf]slk|o lyPg . of] s'/f cf/lDes ;dodf
rn]sf] b]lvG5 . CUj]b / cyj{j]bdf k|o'Qm æpb\–lXjtfMÆ zAbsf]
cy{ kl/ToSt j[4 JolQm eGg] u/]sf 5g\ .
CUj}lbs sfndf j]Zofj[lQsf] cl:tTj lyof], t/ slt /
s:tf] lyof] eGg] ljifodf Ps dt 5}g . kl/jf/df e|ft[–ljxLg
sGofx¿ k|foM j]Zof aGgsf nflu ljjz x'Gy] . Ps cj}w ;Gtfg
TofUg] ;Gbe{ CUj]bdf kfOG5 . k' +ZrnL / dxfgUgL cflb
zAbafx]s, h;sf] lglZrt ¿kn] …j]ZofÚ cy{ g} xf] . ctM j]Zofj[lQsf
c¿ ;Gbe{ klg kfOG5g\ . s'df/L–k'q / cljjflxtf sGofsf k'q
-cu| "_ sf] CUj]bdf lbPcg';f/ kl/Tofu / ltgsf pk/ kz'sf]
cfqmd0f x'g' klg, oxL s'/fsf] ;ª\s]t u/]sf] dflgG5 .
Jolerf/sf] ljifodf cfo{hfltdf k|efljt :qLsf kltsf]
lj?4 ul/Psf] uDeL/ ck/fw dflgGYof] . o;y{ k'/fgf wd{zf:qx¿df
o; ljifodf ljljw lgodx¿ p4[t ul/Psf 5g\ . Jolerf/sf
;dodf klqmPsf Jolerf/Lsf] j}wtfcg';f/ aw;Dd klg lbg
;Sy] . …j?0f–k|wf;;\Ú gfds ;+:sf/, o;df Ps kTgL cfˆgf k| ]dL
677

cyjf k| ]dLsf] gfdf]Nn]v ub{5] eg], jf:tjdf klttf kTgLsf]
sf/0f kl/jf/df nfu]sf] nf~5gfsf] k|efjnfO{ alxis[t ug] { Ps
kljq dfWod dflgPsf] b]lvG5 .
cfo{ k'?if / z"b| :qLsf] ;DaGwsf] ljifodf oh'j] {bdf
pknAw ;Gbe{ clg Ps >f]lqo -a|Xdlgi7 wfld{s a|fXd0f_sL
kTgLsf ;fy ePsf] ;DaGwsf] k|folZrtsf lgldQ a[xbf/0os
pklgifb\df lbPsf] dGq w]/} g} pko'Qm lgisif{tkm{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 .
cgfrf/— kl/jf/df Psf]b/f efO tyf alxgLsf] ljjfxnfO{
cgfrf/ dfg]sf 5g\ . h:t}M CUj]bdf jl0f{t od / odL, bfh'–
alxgLsf] Tof] cfVofgaf6 JoQm x'G5, h'g :ki6¿kdf ;ª\s]t
ub{5— o;lsl;dsf] ljjfx j}lbs sflns efjgfdf klg cg'df]lbt
lyPg . CUj]bdf csf] { Ps ;"Qm klg 5— h;df o;lsl;dsf
cgfrf/;DaGwL ;Gbe{ lglxt k|tLt x'G5 . CUj]bdf k|hfklt /
pgsL k'qLsf] aLrdf klg ljjfx–;DaGwsf] pNn]v eP klg
o;nfO{ ¿ks dfg]/ cfsfz, k[YjL / jiff{sf] k|tLs jf ¿ks
sNkgf dfGb5g\ . oxL s'/f pQ/sfndf j}lbs ;Gbe{ cyf{t\
cyj{j]bLo ;"qsf] cfwf/df cgfrf/ g} dflgGYof] / Ps kIfdf
b08gLo g} lyof] .
ca ;"qsfndf cf]n] {/ x]g] { xf] eg] b08 zAbn] s'g}
ck/fwsf nflu Gofofnoåf/f h'g ?lkofF cflb hl/jfgf ul/GYof],
To;nfO{ b08 dflgPsf] 5 . kfl0flgsf] k|l;4 ci6fWofoL ;"qdf—
b08 Joj;u{of]Zr— % .$ .@ . h:t}— låklbsf+ bl08tM låzltsf+
bl08tM, cyf{t\ rfFbLsf låkfb, låkfbd'b|f jf b'O{ ;o, ?lkofFsf]
hl/jfgf . t/ b08 zAbsf] of]eGbf klg lj:t[t cy{ lyof]—
h;sf] cGtu{t zf/Ll/s b08sf] klg u0fgf x'GYof] . h:t}—
b08dx{lt b0oM % .! ^^ . of:sn] . o; cy{df b08o zAbsf]
k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . d';nsf] df/ vfg of]Uo ck/fwLnfO{ d';No
jf df};No eg]sf 5g\ .
s'df/3ft -afn xTof_, zLif{3ft -# .@ .%!_, e| "0fxTof
-^ .$ .!&$_, a|XdxTof -a|Xdxf # .@ .*&_ cflb dxfkftssf]
klg pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
678

{
o;kl5 xfdL kf}/fl0fssfndf cfP/ ljrf/ ubf{ j}lbs
sfnb]lv g} qmdzM ;b} { cfPsf g}ltstf / cgfrf/ ljifodf
lglb{i6 ;fdflhs ljljw–ljwfg, lgodsf cfwf/df lgif]lwt sfo{x¿nfO{
g} b08\o ck/fw dfg]sf 5g\ . dg':d[lt, of1jNSo :d[lt / c¿
:d[ltsf kl5 kf}/fl0fs sfndf z'qmgLlt, sfdGbsLo gLlt, ljb'/
gLlt, Bf}DogLlt / sl0fsgLlt cflb 5g\ . oL gLltx¿df c¿
;fdflhs gLlteGbf ljz]if u/L /fhgLltnfO{ k|fwfGotf lbPsf
5g\ . kf}/fl0fs gLltdf dfly atfOPsf cgfrf/;DaGwL gLltx¿df—
u'?hNkufdL, k/:qL–ufdL, 36La9L j0f{df ljjfx x'g', bfh'–
alxgLdf ljjfx x'g', ;uf]qdf ljjfx x'g', kfq alxis[t hfltsf]
:kz{df z'4tf gx'g', ljleGg gLr hfltsf :yfg / To:tf] b]zf6g
ug' {, ltgLx¿n] :kz{ u/]sf] vfg' cflbnfO{ lnPsf 5g\ . z"b|fGg
klg u|x0f gug' { eg]sf 5g\ . h:t}— z"b|fGg a|Xdjr{;+ -z"b|fGgn]
a|XdTj gfz x'G5_ cflbcflb 5g\ . oxfF lglif4 b]zf6g gug'
eg]sf]df— u08sL afx't/0fft\ k'gM ;+:sf/ dx{lt -cyf{t\ u08sLsf]
zfvf gbL t/]df b08:j¿k k]ml/ j|taGwflb ug' {k5{_ cflb .
g}lts kIfdf e" |0fxTof, uf]xTof, a|fXd0fxTof, lzz'xTof,
ule{0fLxTof, lzz'Tofu, ljgfsf/0f kTgL Tofu cflb cg]s
k|sf/sf kfkx¿ bl08t kfksf If]qleq kb{5g\ . k'/f0fsfndf
rn]sf cgGt syfsf ljleGg k|;ª\uleq b]lvg] ;fdflhs
ck/fwx¿ ;a} bl08t dflgPsf 5g\ . sGofx/0f klg Ps b08gLo
ck/fw dfg]sf 5g\ .
xfdL g]kfnL a'l4hLjLx¿ Gofo eg]/ h'g cy{af]w ub{5f} F,
Tof] jf:tjdf k|frLg sfndf j]b, a|fXd0f, pklgifb\ / of]u;"q,
a|fXd0f;"q cflb u|Gyx¿df cWofTd / cgWofTd ljifosf] 1fgnfO{
Gofo jf bz{g eg]/ lgb] {zg u/]sf] 5 . o;df k|df0f, k|d]o cflb
!^ o'lQmx¿ 5g\ . k]ml/ k|ToIf, cg'dfg, pkdfg / zfAb ->'lt_
k|df0fx¿ ;a} hLj / a|Xdsf] cg';Gwfgflb ljifodf cfwfl/t
5g\ . ctM oxfF xfd|f] ;dfhdf Gofo zAbn] gofF cy{ u|x0f
u/]sf] x'gfn] o; ljifodf s]xL ljj]rg ul/G5 .
679

Gofosf] cy{ xf]— jf:tljs j:t'l:yltsf] cGt:tn;Dddf
h]n] k'¥ofpFb5 jf To; :yfgdf k'¥ofpg] k|lqmof jf o'lQm . o;sf]
lju|x o:tf] 5— golt cg]g— lg±O±3`\ÖGofo . o;n] k|0ffnL,
tl/sf, /Llt, lgod, k4lt, of]hgf cflbnfO{ a'‰fpFb5 . xfd|f]
k|:t't ljifo o:tf] 5— j}lbs sfo{k|0ffnL -sfg'gL sf/afxL_,
sfg'gcg';f/sf] lg0f{o, b08 cflb lnOPsf] 5 .
Gofo ;dfh bz{gsf] Ps o:tf] cfwf/e"t wf/0ff xf], h;df
;fdflhs lrGtgsf] cf/Deb]lv g} ljrf/ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
Oltxf;df Gofosf cg]sf} F JofVof ePsf 5g\ . cfw'lgs Gofozf:qdf
Gofosf] cy{— ;fdflhs hLjgsf] Tof] cj:yf xf], h;df JolQmsf]
cfr/0f ;dfhsf] Jofks sNof0fsf ;fy ;dGjo ul/G5 .
of] To:tf] dfgb08 xf], h;sf] cfwf/af6 dfgjLo ;DaGwsf]
;Gbe{df plrt / cg'lrtsf] lg0f{o ub{5 . sfg'g -ljlw_ sf]
kl/lwdf h'g kIfsf] xflg jf Iflt ePsf] 5, To;nfO{ plrt
clwsf/ lbg', lbnfpg' / ck/fwLnfO{ plrt b08sf] k|fjwfg x'g'
Gofosf] jf:tljs p2]Zo /x]sf] x'G5 . . g}ltstf / ;fdflhs
hLjgsf] ;Gbe{df Gofosf] ;ª\sNkgfn] plrt–cg'lrtsf] uxg
ljZn]if0f ub{5 / o:tf] dfgb08 lgwf{l/t ub{5, h;af6 ToxfF
plrtsf] k|lti7f / cg'lrtsf] lg/fs/0f ug{ w]/} ;'ljwf x'g]5 .
Gofon] ck/fwLnfO{ b08sf] lgb] {zg ug' {sf ;fy} Jolyt
kIfnfO{ p;sf] df}lns clwsf/ klg lbnfpF5 . ;dfhsf]
cf}krfl/s hLjgdf GofonfO{ lglZrt sfg'g / k|lqmofdf 9fn]/
tbg'¿k Gofo ug] { sfo{ Goflos lgsfonfO{ ;'lDklbG5 . t/
Gofosf] jf:tljs ;d:of w]/} g} uDeL/ x'G5 / To;nfO{ ;Dk"0f{
;fdflhs ;DaGwsf] kl/k| ]Iodf x]g' {kb{5 .
;fdfGotM Gofosf] k|lqmofut :j¿ksf] ljrf/ o'uljz]ifdf,
;fdflhs kl/j]zdf k|rlnt d"No / dfgb08sf ;fy h]lnP/
/xG5, log} d"No / dfGotfx¿n] k|rlnt ;dfh–Joj:yfnfO{
;xof]u ub{5g\ . Joj:yf kl/jt{g / ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ljsf;sf
;fy–;fy} Gofosf] dfgb08 klg ablnFb} hfG5 . k/Dk/fut
680

;dfhdf Gofosf] p2]Zo klxn]b]lv sfod eP/ cfPsf] Joj:yfnfO{
oyfjt\ sfod /fVg' g} 7Ls x'G5, t/ cfw'lgs ;dfhdf Gofosf]
d'Vo ;/f]sf/ o:tf] ;d:ofl;t x'G5, h'g ju{ ;fdflhs l:yltsf]
ljjztfn] ubf{ cfˆgf] k|fKtJoaf6 jl~rt x'g k'u]sf] 5, o:tfnfO{
plrt clwsf/ s;/L lbg jf lbnfpg ;lsG5 . ctM cfhsf]
;dfhdf Gofosf] ;d:of d'VotM ;fdflhs Gofosf] ;d:of ag]sf]
5 .
kf}/fl0fs sfndf jl0f{t Gofo / b08sf] Joj:yf
k'/f0fsfneGbf klg w]/} k|frLg sfnsf] xf] . h:t}— Ps lbg
;gsflb rf/ s'df/x¿ eujfg\ gf/fo0fsf] bz{g ug{ j}s'07
uPsf lyP . ho–ljho gfd u/]sf j}s'07sf åf/kfnn] tL
;gsflb rf/ s'df/nfO{ 9f]sfdf g} /f]s] . olQs}df l/;fPsf tL
rf/ s'df/x¿n] cfk"mx¿nfO{ /f]s]sf]df tL åf/kfn]nfO{ >fk jf
b08 lbP . Tof] >fk s:tf] lyof] eg] tLg hGd;Dd /fIf;s'ndf
/fIf; eP/ hGd lng'k/f];\ eGg] >fk lbPsf lyP . leq hfg
/f]s]sf] olQ ;fgf] s'/fdf klg olQ 7"nf] >fk -b08_ lbPsf], leq
a;]sf gf/fo0fn] yfxf kfP . oL ;gsflb s'df/x¿nfO{ cledfg
r9]5, ctM lognfO{ j}s'07df k|j]z u/fpgx'Gg eg]/ eujfg\ :jo+
åf/df g} cfP/ bz{g lbO{ s[tfy{ u/fP/ kmsf{OlbP . otf
j}s'07df leq gnuL åf/af6 g} kmsf{Olbg' klg pgLx¿nfO{ b08s}
a/fj/ lyof] .
xfdLn] k|frLg ;dosf] cyf{t\ ;To, q]tf cflb o'usf]
Jojxf/tkm{ b[li6 lbof} F eg] s] yfxf kfOG5— To;avt ;To, wd{,
Gofo cflbsf lgldQ cfˆgf] k|f0f, ;j{:j cflb cfx'lt lbg klg
lxrlsrfpFb}gy] . cfˆgf] ;Tojflbtf sfod /fVgsf lgldQ
xl/ZrGb|n] s:tf] b'Mv ef]u], of] s'/f pgsf hLjgL k9\g] ;a}n]
a'‰]s} 5g\ . pgn] cfk"mnfO{ d;fgsf] sfd ug] { rf08fnsf] xftdf
a]lrlbP, t}klg ;Tosf] dfu{af6 pgL slxNo} ljrlnt ePgg\ .
k|frLg zf:qsf/x¿ atfpF5g\— ;Too'udf wd{sf rf/
kfp lyP . q]tfdf wd{sf] tLg efudfq afFsL /Xof], Tof] Ps
efudf /fhgLltsf] k|efj k/]sf] lyof] . >L/fd q]tfo'udf g} lyP .
681

pgsf] k|hfjfT;Nosf] cfsf] { s'g} pbfx/0f cGt sxLF kfOFb}g .
wf]aLn] u/]sf] bf]iff/f]k0f ;a}n] a'‰]s} 5g\ . ltgtfsf k|hfsf] lxtdf
k"/f Wofg lbOGYof], Ps dfd'nL wf]aLsf] egfOdf kTgL ;LtfnfO{
To:tf] cj:yfdf agdf k7fOlbP, ;bfsf] nflu ToflulbP, h;sf]
sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ ;lsFb}g . of] s'/f ;To xf], tyflk dftf ;LtfnfO{
/fdn] nª\sfdf clUgk/LIff u/]/ g} lnP/ cfPsf lyP, k/Gt'
k|hfsf] To; ju{sf] efjgfnfO{ ;D‰g' s] ;fgf] s'/f lyof] t <
jgaf;sf] ;do, To;df klg /fj0fn] ;Ltf xl/Fbf >L /fd
clt ljXjn eP/ hª\unsf nx/f, j[Ifx¿, r/fr'?ËL, d[u, ed/f
cflbl;t cToGt b'MvL eP/ s] ltdLx¿n] ;LtfnfO{ b]v]sf
lyof} eg]/ af/Daf/ ;f]lw/x]sf lyP . To:tf /fdn] kl5 k"0f{
uef{ ePsL ;LtfnfO{ s'g dgn] s;/L jgdf k7fP . pgn]
cfˆgf] dgnfO{ s;/L lgoGq0f u/] xf]nfg\ . o;}nfO{ eGb5g\
k|hfjfT;No .
To;a]nf cyf{t\ >L/fdsf] zf;gsfndf t Ps ;fdfGo
uNnLsf] e':ofxf s's'/nfO{ klg o:tf] clwsf/ lyof], h;sf]
cfwf/df To;n] klg ;/f;/ >L/fdsf] ;dIf cfˆgf] kL/–dsf{sf]
af/]df ph'/ ug{ ;SYof] . of] s'/f afNdLls/fdfo0fsf] Ps
syfsf] k|;ª\u oxfF lbOG5 . of] syf af=/f= pQ/sf08 %(
cWofodf 5 . eujfg\ /fdn] cfˆgf k|hfsf] lgldQ o:tf] lgod
agfOlbPsf lyP— olb s'g} JolQm jf k|f0fL s'g} ;dodf klg åf/
v6v6fP/ Gofosf] u'xf/ dfUg ;SYof] .
Ps lbg eujfg\ /fd cfˆgf ;ef;b\x¿sf ;fy s'g}
uDeL/ ljifodf 5nkmn ul//x]sf lyP . crfgs pgn] nId0fnfO{
eg] ænId0f Û aflx/ uP/ x]/ t, sf]xL Gofo kfpg] cfzfn] v8f
ePsf] t 5}g .Æ nId0fn] aflx/ uP/ x]/], aflx/ t To:tf] sf]xL
lyPg .
eujfg\ /fdn] nId0fnfO{ k]ml/ x]g{ eg] . o;k6s nId0fn]
aflx/ åf/df t s]jn Ps s's'/dfq v8f 5 eg] . >L/fdsf]
cf1fd'tfljs To; s's'/nfO{ cljnDa nId0fn] /fdsf ;fd'Gg]
682

xflh/ u/fP . clg /fdn] s's'/l;t p;sf] Joyf ;f]w]— s's/
eGb5— ædxf/fh d xh'/sf] /fHodf /xg] Ps s's'/ x' F . lxhf]
/flt d ;8sdf 3'ld/x]sf] lyPF, ljgfsf/0f Ps leIf'n]
d]/f] lz/df 8G8fn] a];/L xfGof] . xh'/ x]l/alS;of];\— clxn];Dd
klg o;/L /ut alu/x]sf] 5 . d lgbf] {ifLnfO{ cgfxsdf k|tfl8t
ug] { To; JolQmnfO{ ;hfo x'g} k5{ .Æ
eujfg\ /fdsf] cf1fd'tfljs To; leIf'nfO{ ;dfP/ pkl:yt
u/fP . clg leIf'l;t sf/0f ;f]lwof] . leIf' eGb5— lxhf] /flt
e|d0f u/]/ d kms{ Fb} lyPF, d]/f] dfgl;s l:ylt klg 7Ls lyPg .
crfgs d]/f] kl5kl5 e'St}e'St} dnfO{ 6f]Sg cfof], clg d}n]
o;nfO{ 8G8fn] 76fPsf] x' F . eujfg\ /fd s's'/nfO{ eGb5g\— æP
Zjfg Û tFdfly cGofo ePsf] /x]5 . e'Sg' t]/f] :jfefljs sd{
xf] . k|tfl8t ug' { dflg;sf] :jfefljs sd{ xf]Og . ca tF g} atf
o; leIf'nfO{ s]s:tf] b08 lbg]

cgf}lrTo clg k|f;ª\lustf 5–5}g eGg] ljifodf klg ax;
x'GYof] / x/]s jif{ 36]sf 36gfx¿sf] cfnf]sdf ljlwsf] ;+zf]wg
klg x'GYof] . k|frLg sfnsf o:tf ljlw–ljwfgx¿ k|z:t 5g\ . t/
oxfF oxL Pp6faf6 g} o; ljifodf k|z:t x'g]5 .
Ps lbg /fhfsf] b/af/af6 rf]/x¿n] dfn;fdfg rf]/]/
NofP, kqmfpsf] 8/n] hª\undf tk:of u/]/ al;/x]sf df08Jo
Clifsf] cf>ddf 5f]8]/ efu] . kl5 /fhfsf k|x/Ln] tL ClifnfO{
rf]/ 7fgL /fhfsxfF nu] . To;a]nfsf] lgod–sfg'gcg';f/ rf]/nfO{
kmfF;L jf z"nLdf r9fpg] uy] {, ClifnfO{ rf]/ 7fgL ToxL ;hfo
lbFbf Clifsf] tkf]ann] pgnfO{ To; ;hfosf] s'g} c;/ k/]g .
o:tf ;hfox¿ o'ucg';f/sf syf j0f{gsf l;nl;nfdf
k'/f0fx¿df k|z:t kfOG5g\ .
kf}/fl0fs sfnkl5sf] Ps k|d'v u|Gy rf0fSosf] sf}6nLo
cy{zf:q 5 . o; u|Gysf] Ps k|s/0fdf Gofo / b08 ljifo
lbPsf] 5 . To;df wd{:y eg]/ GofofwLznfO{ hgfPsf 5g\ .
ltgtfsf hgkb ;lGw Gofofno, ;ª\u|x0f Gofofno, b|f]0fd'v
Gofofno / :yfgLo -Onfsf_ Gofofno x'Gy] . oL Gofofnox¿ klg
b'O{ k|sf/sf x'Gy]— wd{:yLo -b]jfgL_ / s06s zf]wg -kmf}hbf/L_
Gofofno k|rlnt lyP . wd{:yLo Gofofno wd{:yn] ;~rfng uy] {,
s06zf]wg Gofofnodf eg] k|b]i6f / cdfTon] klg sfd uy] { .
wd{:yLo Gofofnodf k|foM ;fdfGo JolQmx¿sf] kf/:kl/s
n]g–b]g, ‰u8f–tu8f / cfk;L lj?4sf] ck/fw;DaGwL ljrf/
uy] { . o;df x'g] b08 ;fdfGo vfnsf] hl/dfgf g} x'GYof] . s06s
zf]wgdf To:tf cleof]u -d'2f_ sf] ljrf/ x'GYof], hxfF /fHosf]
lj?4;DaGwL jf 3";vf]/L, b'/frf/ jf xTof cflbl;t ;Dalwt
x'Gy], o:tfaf6 /fHodf k|efj kg] { x'gfn], o:tf d'2fdf ef/L
hl/dfgf jf s}bsf] ;hfodfq geO{ k|f0fb08 klg lbg ;Sy] .
…s06s zf]wgÚsf] cy{ xf], /fHo jf k|hfsf] s06s -sfF8f] jf
if8\oGq, cftÍ cflb_ nfO{ x6fpg' jf lgd" {n kfg' { . o:tf
d'2fx¿nfO{ cfhsfn ;/sf/jfbLdf u0fgf ul/G5 .
684

;fwf/0f hg;d"xsf] n]gb]g;DaGwL cyf{t\ cfly{s sf/f]af/sf
d'2fx¿ wd{:yLo Gofofnoaf6 x]l/GYof], eg] c¿ lzNkLx¿sf] /Iff,
Jofkf/Lsf] / ltgaf6 /Iff, sGof / :qLsf pk/ anfTsf/ ug] {,
cltrf/ -;fdflhs lgod pNnª\3g_ ug] {;DaGwL d'2fx¿ s06s
zf]wg cbfnt cyf{t\ clxn]sf] kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] ;dfg cbfntdf
ljrf/ ul/GYof] .
Gofo ug]{ lgodsf] cfwf/— h'g lgod jf sfg'gsf]
cfwf/df cleof]u -d'2f_sf] lg0f{o ul/G5— To;sf cfwf/sf]
;DaGwdf o:tf] atfPsf 5g\— wd{, Jojxf/, rl/q / /fhf1f oL
Gofosf rf/ kfp -cyf{t\ cfwf/_ x'g\ . oLdWo] wd{ ToxL xf]— h'g
;To 5Ù Jojxf/ To;nfO{ elgG5, h'g s'/fsf] ;fIfLåf/f lg0f{o
ul/G5 . rl/q Tof] xf]— k'?ifsf] ;fd"lxs cfr/0f jf k|rngdf
lge{/ x'G5Ù /fhf1fsf] cy{ xf]— /fhsLo zf;g .
sf}l6Nosf] ;dodf b08sf :j¿k s:tf lyP, h:t}—
æk/+ kfksd{0ff+ gjj]qntfM, åfbzs+ åfj"?j]i6f}===
ci6fbz{s sd{ ..Æ
$ .* .@* sf}= c= ..
gf} xft] nfdf] a]tsf] n6\7Ln] afx| a]t nufpg', b'O{ v'§f
hf]8]/ afFWg' / 6fpsf] klg afFWg', 6fª km§fP/ afFWg', To:t} bflxg]
xft bflxg] v'§fsf ;fy afFWg', b'j} xft afFwL ‰'G8\ofOlbg', b'j} v'§f
afFwL ‰'G8\ofOlbg' . xftsf gªsf] hf]gL{ jf cGt/ -gª5'/L_ df
;'O/f] /f]Kg' . hf}sf kL7f]sf] kmfF8f] v'jfP/ lk;fa ug{ glbg'Ù
cf} Fnfsf ;lGw–;lGwdf cyf{t\ cf} Fnfsf ufF7fdf cfuf]n] 8fDg', l3p
v'jfP/ Ps lbg;Dd -cfuf]sf] ;fdg] jf 3fddf_ tkfpg', hf8f]sf]
;dodf leh]sf] cf]5\ofgdf ;'tfpg' . oxL k|s/0fdf s}b, hl/jfgf,
cË–eË / k|f0fb08sf] kof{Kt pNn]v klg 5 .
===rt'y] { oyfsfdL awM .. $ .%) .( -sf}=c=_ .
rf]/Lsf] ck/fwdf clwsf/LnfO{ klg b08sf] Joj:yf u/]sf
5g\ . /fhsd{rf/LnfO{ rf]/Lsf] aft nfu]df sfnf] v/fgL 3;]/
;x/ 3'dfpg] klg atfPsf 5g\ . b;L;lxtsf] rf]/nfO{ ;>d b08
685

lbg'kg] { atfPsf 5g\ . rf]/L, tLyf{3ft cflb ug] { ck/fwLnfO{ klxn]
cf} Fnf sf6\g], k]ml/ jf rf}yf]k6s klg ck/fw ug] { k6s] ck/
fwLnfO{ k|f0fb08;Dd klg lbg ;lsG5 eg]sf 5g\ .
cy{zf:qsf] $ .( .$ === $$ ;Dd GofofwLzdfly klg
lgoGq0f ug' {kg] { atfPsf 5g\ . wd{:y jf k|b]i6f olb s'g}
lg/k/fwLnfO{ ;'j0f{ b08 ub{5 eg] To; -wd{:y_nfO{ To;sf] b'gf
b08 ug" { . olb plrteGbf sd jf clws b08 ub{5 eg] To;sf]
cf7u'gf b08 ug" { . zf/Ll/sb08 lbg'kg] { l:yltsf] eP p;nfO{
klg ToxL zf/Ll/s b08 ug" { .
b08 / Gofosf] lgikIftfdf sf}l6Nosf] ljrf/ o:tf] 5M—
b08f] lx s]jnf] nf]s+ k/+ r]d+ r /Iflt .
/f1f k'q] r zqf} r oyf bf]if+ ;d+ w[tM ..
sf}=c= # .! .%$ ..
GofofwLz Gofosfo{ 7Lsl;t lgjf{x u¿g\, s;}nfO{ klg
rflxFbf]eGbf 36L–a9L b08 glbpmg\ . pgsf] egfO 5— s;}sf
;fy s'g} lsl;dn] klg kIfkft gxf];\ . o; ljifodf /fhfsf]
;DaGwdf atfPsf lgDglnlvt pkb]zx¿ klg clj:d/0fLo 5g\ .
h:t}M– wd{k"j{s k|hfsf] /Iff ug] { /fhfsf] wd{ :ju{k|flKtsf] ;fwg
x'G5, o;sf] ljk/Lt k|hfsf] /Iff gug] {, ldYof -cgk/fwLnfO{_
b08 lbg] /fhf jf wd{:onfO{ sbflk ;'v x' Fb}g . k'q / zq'nfO{
ltgsf] ck/fwcg';f/ /fhfaf6 lbPsf] ;dfg b08n] g} o; nf]s
/ k/nf]sdf klg /Iff ub{5 . sf}l6No ha k'q / zq' tsnfO{
;dfg b08 lbg] Joj:yf ub{5g\ eg] wgL / ul/a cflbsf] t e]b
g/xg] g} eof] .
b08 / j0f{ Joj:yfdf pgn] o:tf] n]v]sf 5g\ M–
k"j] {0ff k/:k l2k0ff w/fM ..# .!* .!$ .. -sf}=c=_ ..
olb rf08fnn] z"b|sf] lgGbf u¥of] eg] # k0f, j}Zosf]
u¥of] eg] ^ k0f, Iflqosf] u¥of] eg] ( k0f clg a|fXd0fsf]
u¥of] eg] !@ k0f b08 ug' { . olb a|fXd0fn] rf08fnsf] lgGbf
u¥of] eg] @ k0f, z"b|sf] u/]df $ k0f clg j}Zosf] u/]df ^ k0f
686

08 / Iflqosf] u/]df !) k0f b08 ug] { Joj:yf lyof] .
sf}l6Nosf] ljrf/df a|fXd0f klg bf]ifL 5 eg] b08sf] efuL
u/fpFy] .
===a|fXd0f+ t M k|j]zo]t\ ..$ !* .!* sf}=c= ..
j|mflGtsf/Lsf] ljifodf sf}l6Nosf] egfO o:tf] 5— /fHosf]
sfdgf ug] { -qmflGt ug] { jf /fHo tfSg]_ cGtMk'/df anfTsf/ ug] {,
c6jLr/ -hª\unLhft_, k'lnGb cflbnfO{ / hª\unL zq'nfO{ prfNg],
lsNnfdf a:g] / ;]gfnfO{ lr9\ofpg]nfO{, o:tf] ug] {sf] 6fpsf] /
xftv'§fdf cfuf] nufO{ ;f:tL lbg' cyf{t\ dfl/lbg' . olb o:tf]
sfd s'g} a|fXd0fn] u¥of] eg] To;nfO{ cfhLjg sfnsf]7/Ldf
aGb ul/lbg' .
b08 / :qLhfltsf] ljifodf— :qLhfltsf ljifodf sf}l6Nosf]
ljrf/ o:tf] 5M– :qLx¿nfO{ k'?ifsf] ck]Iff b08 sd jf cfwf
ug' {kb{5, clg s'gs'g cj:yfdf ltgnfO{ b08 glbg" klg eg]sf
5g\— ule{0fL / Ps dlxgfeGbf sd ;dosL k|;"tf :qLnfO{ b08
glbg" eGg] 5 . ;dfg ck/fwdf :qLnfO{ k'?ifsf] eGbf cfwf b08
lbg" eg]/ :ki6;Fu pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . h:t}M–
===l:qof:Tjw{ sd{ jfSofg' of]uf] jf ..$ .* !& .. sf}=c= ..
sxLF–sxLF s]jn jfUb08 -ckzAb, ufnL, a]OHhtL h:tf
zAb_ dfq klg k|of]u ug" { eg]sf 5g\, h;af6 ltgnfO{ cfˆgf]
ck/fwsf] sf/0fn] cfTdUnfgL xf];\ .
o;/L pgn] To;a]nfsf] kl/l:yltcg';f/ tf]s]sf] b08 cflb
cfhsf] j}1flgs o'udf klg cg's"n g} b]lvG5g\ . sf}l6No
GofofwLzx¿sf] Wofg otflt/ lvFr]/ atfpF5g\—
dGbfk/fw+, afn+, a[4+, Joflwt+, dQ d'GdQ+ If'lTkkf;fWjSnfGt
dToflzt dfTdsflzt+ b'j{n+ jf g sd{ sf/o]t\ ..$ .* .!&
sf}=cf=
GofofwLzx¿ ljrf/ k'¥ofP/ b08 lbpmg\ . sxLF o:tf] klg
b]lvG5 ;f:tL vfg] 8/n] rf]/ geP klg rf]/Lsf] sa'n ub{5,
clg hf] rf]/ 5, pm ;fw' ag]/ aRg] pkfo ub{5, o:tf] l:yltdf
687

v"a a'l4 k'¥ofP/ Gofo ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . ;fgf] jf yf]/} ck/fw
ug] {, afns, a"9f], la/fdL, ljlIfKt, pGdfbsf] /f]uL, ef]sf], Kof;L,
yfs]sf], w]/} vfPsf], chL0f{sf] /f]uL / anxLg cyf{t\ lga{lnof]nfO{
zf/Ll/s -sf]/f{ k|xf/ / z/L/df kL8f kg] {_ b08 glbg" . ===h;sf]
ck/fw lglZrt ePsf] 5, To;nfO{ dfq b08 lbg" .
o; ljifodf cy{zf:qsf] lgDglnlvt p4/0f pkof]uL /
lzIffk|b 5— s'g} klg k'?ifnfO{ p;sf] ck/fwcg';f/ g} b08sf]
th' {df ug' {kb{5 . bfgL, tk:jL, la/fdL, k/b]zL, cg]s k6s b08
ef]u]sf] / lgw{g JolQmdfly ;bf cg'u|x ug' {kb{5 . wd{:y clwsf/L
-GofofwLz_ x¿sf] st{Josf] ljifodf pgsf] egfO 5— tL b]j,
a|fXd0f, tk:jL, :qL, afns, a"9f], la/fdL / cfˆgf] b'Mv atfpg
g;Sg] jf b'Mv eGg ghfGg] / cgfysf] sfo{ :jo+ ul/lbpmg\ /
h;sf] ljBf, a'l4, kf}?if, s'n / pQd sfo{x¿sf] sf/0f dof{bf
a9]sf] 5, o:tf JolQmsf] ;bf dfg, dof{bf, k|lti7f u¿g\ . o;
lsl;dn] wd{:y JolQm 5n–sk6/lxt eP/ cfˆgf] st{Jo;DaGwL
;a} sfo{x¿ ;'rf?¿kn] ;Dkfbg u¿g\ / hgdfg;sf] ljZjf;kfq
tyf nf]slk|o aGg] k|of; u¿g\ .
ÒPj+ sfof{l0f wd{:yfM s'o' { /R5n blzgM .
;df ;j] {if' efj]if' ljZjf:of nf]s ;+lk|of ..# .@) .#! .. sf}=c=..
sf}l6Nosflns GofoJoj:yfsf] ljz]iftf— oxfF k"jf]{Qm
sygx¿af6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] To;a]nf Gofo;DaGwL sfo{ pQd
9ª\un] ;Dkfbg uy] { . o;df zf;s ju{sf] x:tIf]k x' Fb}gYof],
k/Gt' clwsf/Lx¿sf] lj?4 cleof]u nfu]sf] l:yltdf pgLx¿nfO{
klg lgodfg';f/ b08 x'GYof], h'g ;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ck]Iff a9L g}
x'GYof] . wgLx¿sf lgldQ Gofosfo{df ljz]if ;'ljwf lyPg, ltgsf
;fy s'g} v';fdb x' Fb}gYof] . ul/a jf lgw{gx¿sf nflu Gofofnosf]
9f]sf ;dfg¿kn] v'nf /xGYof] . ck/fwLnfO{ b08 lbFbf dgu9Gt
9ª\un] lbOFb}gYof], To;df GofofwLzx¿n] v"a zf]r–ljrf/ u/]/
g} lbg] uy] { . ck/fwLsf] kl/l:ylt, u'0f, :jefj, k|s[lt cflbsf]
/fd|f];Fu ljrf/ uy] { . cfrfo{ sf}l6Non] b08;DaGwL lgodx¿
688

;d'lrt /Lltn] kfng u/fpg s8f Joj:yfsf] klg lgb] {zg lbPsf
5g\ .
k|frLg ef/tjif{sf cfrfo{x¿n] Gofo / b08nfO{ wd{sf]
cjtf/ dfg]sf 5g\ . k/Gt' klZrdL lrGts, ljrf/sx¿n]
Gofod"lt{sf] sNkgf ubf{ cfFvfdf k§L afFw]/ xftdf t/fh' lnPsL
dlxnfsf] ¿k b]vfpF5g\ . o;df dlxnfs} ¿k lsg sNkgf
ul/of]— Ps kIfdf :qLhflt eGg' g} dft[efjgf xf]— h;sf]
cefjdf ;[li6sf] ;Gt'ng w/fzfoL x'G5, ;j{q cJoj:yf /
cGwsf/ JofKt x'G5, r]tgzLn k|f0fL klg k"jf{j:yfdf bLg–xLg
d"sk|foM x'G5, ctM o:tf] cj:yfdf To:tf k|f0fLsf] ;+/If0fsf
lgldQ of] dft[hflt x'g' clgjfo{ 5 .
csf] { kIfdf :qLhfltdf hlt q"m/tf el/Psf] x'G5, Tolt
k'?ifdf x' Fb}g . cfh;Dd ;+;f/sf k|frLg sfnb]lv dWosfntssf
Oltxf;df hlt 7"nf–7"nf ;fd|fHox¿ ag], lanfP, n8fOF eP, slt
;fd|fHox¿ ag], slt lau| ] ;a} :qLnfO{ lnP/ ePsf] kfOG5 .
o;/L ljrf/ ubf{ :qLhfltdf b'j} k|sf/sf u'0f cyf{t\ bofn'tf,
sf]dntf / q"m/tf, s7f]/tf, bfgjtf cflb u'0fx¿ ;lDdlnt /xg]
x'gfn] Goflos k|lqmof ;~rfngdf ltg}sf] k|tLs ¿kdf dlxnf¿k
sNkgf ul/Psf] x'g;S5 . To;df klg cfFvfdf k§L afFw]sf]
cfwf/df ljrf/ ug] { xf] eg]— o;sf] ljleGg k|sf/n] JofVof x'g
;S5 . d]/f] ljrf/df s] nfU5 eg]— cfFvfdf k§L afFWg'sf] tfTko{
xf]— Gofol;t ;DalGwt JolQmn] cfˆgf] cGtx[{bosf] b[li6sf
lbJob[li6 cyjf k|1fb[li6 hufP/ ljj]sk"j{s ;dfg Gofo k|bfg
ug{ ;Sg' xf] . t'nf jf t/fh'sf] dtnj xf]— e]befj, kIfkft/lxt
ljlw -sfg'g_ / Gofosf] ;dfg Jojxf/, ;dfg Gofo, ;dfg lg0f{o
cflb ug' { xf] . o; ljifodf hlt JofVof u/] klg o;sf] 6'Ëf]
nfUg ;Q}mg . o:tf] u"9 /x:odo Gofod"lt{sf] sNkgf ug] { k'?if
klg cjZo g} k|1frIf'jfnf x'g'kb{5 / wGojfbsf kfq dfGg}
kb{5 .
oxfF pko'{Qm Gofosf] d"lt{ dlxnfsf] sNkgf u/]sf]df
klZrdL sNkgf elgof], t/ o;df k"jL{o k/Dk/fsf] cfef; klg
689

{
‰NsG5 . s;/L eg]— Hof]ltifsf] !@ /flz rqmdf ;ftf} F :yfg
hfof cyf{t\ :qLsf] :yfg dflgG5 . To;sf] lrXg t'nf xf] .
klZrdL Hof]ltifLn] klg o;nfO{ dfg]sf 5g\ . ctM oL b'j}sf]
;dGjo jf PsfTd¿k t'nf lnPsL cGwL agfOPsL gf/LnfO{ b"wsf]
b"w, kfgLsf] kfgL 5'§Øfpg Gofo k|lqmofdf lnPsf] x'g;S5 .
GofofwLzdf jf Gofo ;~rfnsdf lbJob[li6 x'g' clgjfo{
5 eGg] ljifodf Ps k|;ª\u lbg' pko'Qm g} xf]nf—
Ps /fhf lyP, pgL Gofosf] k|z+;ssf ;fy} :jR5
Gofolk|o klg lyP . Ps lbg tL /fhfsxfF Ps ckl/lrt ;}lgs
cfof] / laGtL r9fof]— dxf/fh Û d xh'/sf] l5d]sL /fHoaf6
cfPsf] x' F . ToxfF clgsfn k¥of], o;sf/0f ltgnfO{ d]/f] cfjZos
k/]g . dxf/fh d]/f] v"aL o:tf] 5— d xh'/nfO{ h:tf];'s} cfOkg]
;ª\s6af6 klg ;fjwfg u/fpg ;Sg] ljBf hfGb5' . dnfO{
/fhfsf] lgldQ u:tL k|x/Lsf] sfd alS;of];\ . /fhfn] klg To;
;}lgssf] r]x/fdf cb\e't cfTdljZjf; ‰Ns]sf] b]v] . ctM p;nfO{
/ftsf] u:tL ug] { k|x/Lsf] gf]s/Ldf lgo'Qm u/] .
pm gf]s/Ldf nfu]sf] xKtf lbg klg glaTb} /fhfsf] ;dIf
pkl:yt eP/ laGtL u¥of]— ædxf/fh xh'/ s'g} csf] { /fhfsf]
5f]/Lsf] ljjfxf]T;jdf ef]ln g} cfˆgf] b]zaflx/ ;jf/L xf]OalS;Fb}
5 h:tf] nfUof], xf] s]

{
/fhfn] To; k|x/LnfO{ w]/} g} c;kmL{ lbP, clg t'?Gt gf]s/Laf6
x6fO{ klg lbP .
/ftsf] Tof] u:tL k|x/Ln] kof{Kt wg t kfof], t/ p;n]
/fhf;Fu Ps k|Zg klg u¥of]— ædxf/fh Û xh'/nfO{ dxfg\
Gofolk|o eGb5g\ . d xh'/sf] w]/}w]/} cfef/L 5', xh'/af6 d}n]
k|z:t wg kfPF t/ xh'/sf] Hofg arfOlbPafkt s] dnfO{
;6Ls Gofo alS;of] t, ‰g\ d]/f] cfzf, OR5fsf] ljk/Lt
gf]s/L g} uof] . dxf/fh Û lgufx k"j{s d]/f] lh1f;f zfGt
ul/alS;of];\ .Æ
/fhfaf6 cf1f eof]— æd ltd|f] cfef/ dfGb5', ltdLn] g}
d]/f] Hofg arfpg] pkfo atfof}, d of] s'/f dfGb5' . d]/f]
Hofgsf] abnfdf h'g wg lbOof], Tof] kof{Kt g} 5 . ca x]/
hxfFts Gofo / cGofosf] k|Zg 5, d}n] ltd|f] ;fy s'g} cGofo
u/]sf] 5}g . d]/f] Hofg arfPafkt k'/:sf/ ltdLn] kfof}, t/
/ftsf] u:tL jf lgu/fgLsf] sfddf vl6Psf] k|x/L ;'tf];\ / ;kgf
b]vf];\, of] s'/f Goflos hut\df sbflk dfGo jf :jLsfo{ x'g]
5}g . Gofo oxL eGb5, To:tfnfO{ gf]s/Ldf cof]Uo 7x/fO{
gf]s/Laf6 x6fOlbg" .Æ
oxfF /fhfn] cfˆg} /Iff ug] { JolQmsf] lgldQ klg s'g}
d/–d'nflxhf gu/L Gofo u/]sf] jf Gofo ug{ ;s]sf] x'gfn] g}
o;}nfO{ elgPsf] xf]— GofofwLzdf Gofosf] k|d'v laGb'sf] k|sfzsf]
lgldQ o;/L g}—
ælbJo–b[li6 ;bf :k'm/0f / hfu|t eO/xg'kb{5 .Æ
ca b08sf] cjf{rLg ¿kdf kfZrfTo d'n'sx¿df b08
s:tf] / s;/L rNbYof] o;sf] ;ª\lIfKt ¿k lbOG5—
cfhsfn ljZjsf k|foM w]/} b]zdf d[To'b08nfO{ sfod g}
/fVg] ls ;dfKt ug] { eGg] ljifodf ax; hf/L /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}
d[To'b08 lbg] tl/sfsf] ljifodf klg ax; rln/x]s} 5 .
dflg;sf] dfgl;s l:ylt a8f] ljlrqsf] 5 . Ps y/L ;dfKt ug]
s'/fdf cfgfsfgL ub{5 t/ ;xfg'e"ltsf] ¿kdf d[To'b08sf] o:tf]
691

k|lqmofsf] vf]hLdf klg 5, h'g k|lqmofåf/f d[To'b08 lbFbf dg] {
JolQmnfO{ si6 cToGt sd xf];\ . d[To'b08 kfpg] JolQmsf
k|lt cflv/Ldf o:tf] ;xfg'e"lt lsg < b08 t cflv/df b08
g} xf], rfx] Tof] h;/L xf];\ . t}klg b08 ef]Ugdf si6sf] cg'ej
t x'g} k5{, olb si6sf] cg'e"lt ePg eg] Tof] b08 g} sxfF
eof] / .
k|frLg ;dodf …d[To'b08Ú lbgsf nflu a9LeGbf a9L
oftgfn] el/Psf] tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug] { xf]8afhL rln/xGYof] .
ltgtfsf d[To'b08 kfpg] jf d[To'b08 kfPsf] JolQmnfO{ tdf;f
agfpFy] . ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf d[To'b08 lbg] k|yf w]/} g} k|rlnt
lyof] . d[To'b08 lbg] tl/sfdf an]sf] cfuf]df xflnlbg', cUnf]
6fs'/faf6 ws]lnlbg', pDn]sf] t]nsf] s/fxLdf xflnlbg', xfQLn]
s'Nrfpg', ef]sf] af3sf] vf]/df xflnlbg', xft–uf]8f afFw]/ 3f]8fn]
ntfb} {, l3;fb} { bf}8fpg', kf]n]/ cfuf]h:tf] ‰‰{/fpFbf] ePsf] l;qmLn]
xfGg', Ps–Ps cË sf6]/ 6'qmf–6'qmf kfg' {, ljiffn' ;k{n] 8;fpg',
afF;sf ;"nLdf hjh{:tL a;fpg', gª5'/Ldf l;Gsf jf ;'O/f]n]
/f]Kg', 6fpsf] sf6\g', /ysf] k5fl8 afFwL l3;fg' {, ljif lkpg
nufpg', leQfdf tLg}lt/af6 ufx|f] nufP/ aGb ug' {, xft–uf]8fdf
leQfdf cl8g] u/L q"m/tfk"j{s sLnf 7f]Sg' OToflb cg]s
k|sf/n] d[To'b08 lbg] uy] { . kmfF;Laf6 d[To'b08 lbg] k|yf eg]
cBflk 5Fb} 5 .
klZrdL hut\sf] k|frLg sfndf u|L; -o'gfg_sf lrGts
tyf dxfTdf dflgPsf ;'s/ftnfO{ tfTsflns wd{sf] lj/f]w u/]sf]
egL x]dns -ljif_ lkpg nufP/ cfheGbf @% ;o jif{cl3
k|f0fb08 lbPsf lyP . csf{ h]?;]ndsf O;'qmfO:6nfO{ klg wd{sf]
lj/f]w u/]sf] egL qm;df xft–uf]8fdf sLnf 7f]sL d[To'b08 lbP
-@))& jif{ cl3_ . o:t} cfh klg s]xL O:nflds d'n'sx¿df
s'g}–s'g} ck/fw ug] { ck/fwLnfO{ kTy/n] xfg]/ dfg] { rng ePsf]
;'lgG5 .
;fj{hlgs¿kdf d[To'b08 lbg'sf] dtnj s] lyof] eg]—
dfl/g] JolQmsf] oftfgf b]v]/ c¿ ck/fwL ck/fw ug{
692

8/fpg]5g\ . t/ jf:tjdf o:tf] ePg . c7f/f}F ztfAbLdf
OªUnfG8 aunL dfg] { h:tf] dfd'nL ck/fwsf] lgldQ klg v'nf
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf g} kmfF;Ldf ‰'G8\ofOlbGy], t/ To;}a]nf ToxfF
kmfF;Lsf] b[Zo x]g] {x¿df cg]s JolQmsf] h]a ;kmf ePsf] lyof] .
o:tf] ;fj{hlgs :yndf b08 lbg] k|yfn] s] l;4 u¥of] eg]—
;fj{hlgs ¿kdf lbPsf] kmfF;LnfO{ …r]tfjgL+sf] ¿kdf sd /
dgf]/~hgsf] ¿kdf a9L dfGy] . hg;ª\Vof hlt tLj| ultn]
a9\of], Tof]eGbf w]/} a9L dfqfdf 3fts ck/fw klg a9\b}
uof] . cflv/df o:tf] lsg eof] < d[To'b08sf] Joj:yfn]
ck/fwnfO{ /f]Sg lsg c;dy{ eof] < o; ljifodf slxNo}
uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ePg .
cfh klg cg]sf}F b]zdf d[To'b08nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿k
lbOG5 . b]zcg';f/ ljleGg b]zdf d[To'b08sf leGgleGg tl/sf
b]lvG5g\ . Oª\UNofG8df ;g\ !(!) ;Dd #%) k|sf/n] d[To'b08
lbGy] . ;g\ !($! df tL tl/sfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof 36]/ @) dfq
/Xof] . clg !(^! df t s]jn rf/ k|sf/dfq sfod /Xof] .
o;kl5 !(^& df ToxfF d[To'b08nfO{ pGd"ng g} ul/lbP . cfh
k"/f ljZjdf d[To'b08sf h]–hlt tl/sf rn]sf 5g\, tLdWo] ;/n
/ sd b'MvbfoL tl/sfsf] vf]hL hf/L g} 5, h'g …dfgjLoÚ xf];\
/] . t/ o; ljifodf xf:of:kb s'/f s] 5 eg]— ;j{k|yd Ps
dfgjnfO{ lbOg] d[To'b08 eg]s} cdfgjLo xf], To;sf nflu
…dfgjLo+ tl/sfsf] vf]hL ul/g' Ps lj8Dagfh:tf] nfUb5 .
cfhsfn d[To'b08sf h'g tl/sf k|rlnt 5g\, ltgdf
kmfF;Lsf] kmGbf, hx/sf] OGh]S;g, aGb'sn] uf]nL dfg' { / Uof;
RofDa/df xfNg', cflb s]xL tl/sf k|rngdf 5g\ . pRr zlQmsf]
lah'nL s/]G6sf] k|of]u klg d[To'b08sf nflu k|of]u ub{5g\ .
Go'of]s{df ul7t ;ldltn] d[To'b08sf] lgldQ lah'nLsf]
d]rsf] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . j}1flgs Pl8;gn] o; sfdsf]
zf]wsf] lgldQ cfˆgf] k|of]uzfnf pkof]u ug{nfO{ Ohfht klg
lbPsf lyP . o;df Pl8;gsf] egfO s] lyof] eg] P=;L= s/]G6
cTolws df/s 5 . lah'nLaf6 d[To'b08 lbgsf nflu s}bLnfO{
693

d]rdf a;fP/ k]6Ln] afFlwlbG5g\ . To;kl5 Ps On]S6f]8 p;sf]
d:tssf] lzvfdf clg cfsf] { p;sf] uf]8fdf nufOlbG5g\ clg
@))) b]lv @@)) ;Ddsf] ef]N6]hsf] / ;ft b]lv !@ cflDko/
sf] wf/f k|jflxt u/fOlbG5g\ . b'O{ ldg6df k"/f k|lqmof ;dfKt
ub{5g\ . cfjZos b]lvPdf 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx lnP/ k]ml/ lah'nLsf]
k|jfx rfn" ub{5g\ .
Go'of]s{df klxnf]k6s ^ cu:t !(() df ljlnod s]dn/
gfds JolQmnfO{ lah'nLaf6 d'To'b08 lbOPsf] lyof] . lah'nLsf]
s/]G6 5f]8]kl5 !% ;]s]G8df s}bLsf] r]x/f sfnf] ePsf] lyof],
8fS6/n] ca of] d¥of] eGg] 3f]if0ff u¥of], t/ ToxfF pkl:yt
;fIfL / c¿ JolQmx¿n] cfk"mdf c;xgLo kL8fsf] cg'ej u/],
clg To;sf] z/L/ sfnf] ePkl5 8fS6/n] d/]sf] k'li6 u/] klg
Ps ;fIfLsf] d'vaf6 …c‰ of] d/]sf] 5}g eGg] zAb lgl:sof] .
csf] {n] eGof] ;f; k]ml//x]sf] 5 . t];|f]n] k]ml/ lah'nL rnfpm
eGof] . o;kl5 rf}yf]sf] egfO lyof]— efO Û h;/L x'G5, o;nfO{
rfF8f] vtd u/ . of] b[Zo x]g] {x¿df s]xL JolQmsf] dfgl;s l:ylt
olt lalu|of] ls tL cs:dft\ d"lR5{t eP .
o;/L !($^ df lah'nLsf] d]rdf s/]G6 k|jflxt u/]kl5
klg afFRg] !& jif{sf] …lan k|mfl;;Ún] cfˆgf] cg'ejdf o:tf]
atfPsf] lyof]— s/]G6 5f]8]kl5 ;j{k|yd c;xgLo si6 eof] .
cfFvfsf jl/kl/ kx] Fnf], gLnf], /ftf] / kl5 xl/of] /Ësf s0fx¿
b]lvPsf lyP . lz/df 7"nf] hng / afofF uf]8fdf kL8fsf] cg'ej
eof] . clg pm d]rdf afFw]sf] eP klg d]r};d]t bf}8]sf] lyof] .
of] 36gf ePsf] Ps jif{kl5 To;nfO{ k]ml/ lah'nLsf] d]rdf
a;fP/ g} d[To'b08 lbP .
s/]G6sf] k|jfx z/L/df k|jflxt x' Fbf Zjf; / /Qm;~rf/
k|lqmof tTsfn aGb x'G5 . o; ljifodf kmf]/]lG;s ljz]if1x¿sf]
dt s] 5 eg] o; k|lqmofaf6 dg'iosf] d[To'df lgZro g} a9L
;do nfUb5 . o;afx]s k]ml/ ddf{Gts kL8f klg w]/} a]/
/xG5 .
694

{
Uof; RofDa/df …d[To'b08Ú lbgnfO{ s}bL jf ck/fwLnfO{
Ps ;fgf] sf]7fsf] d]rdf a;fP/ afFlwlbG5g\, clg To; sf]7fnfO{
k"/} aGb ul/lbG5g\ . aGb ug' {eGbf klxn] sf]7fdf /fv]sf] 6Ø'adf
Pl;8 /fv]/ To;df ;fOgfO8sf] uf]nL /flvlbG5g\, h;af6 Uof;
lgSng nfUb5 / cGbfhL !% ;]s]G8df g} bl08t JolQm a]xf];
x'G5 / d[To'n] cfqmd0f ub{5 . To; JolQmn] olb s]xLa]/ Zjf;
/f]Sof] eg] lgZro g} s]xL ;do;Dd p;sf] dfgl;s l:ylt
cToGt bogLo x'G5 . clg k]ml/ p;sf] d[To'k"j{sf] l:yltsf] sNkgf
ubf{ klg hLp /f]dfl~rt x'G5 .
OGh]S;gaf6 …d[To'b08Úsf] k|rng s]xL b]zdf k|rlnt
5 . Go'of]s{df ul7t ;ldltn] ha d[To'b08sf] nflu dls{gsf]
OGh]S;g lbg] s'/fdf ljrf/ ubf{ Ps 8fS6/n] :ki6 zAbdf s]
eg]sf] lyof] eg]— of] cf}iflw d[To'b08 lbgsf] lgldQ k|of]u ug]
Ohfht ePdf lgZro g} ;a} 8fS6/x¿ cfˆgf /f]uLnfO{ o;sf]
k|of]u aGb ul/lbG5g\ lsgeg] o; cf}iflwsf k|lt ;Gb]x / eosf]
efjgf k}mng]5 . d[To'b08sf nflu dlkm{gsf] k|of]u hyfefjL x'g]5
hals ToxfF lrlsT;s cfˆgf /f]uLx¿nfO{ o;sf] cfjZos k/]
klg k|of]u ug] { 5}gg\ . o;f] eof] eg] of] lrlsT;sLo cfbz{sf]
;j{yf lj?4 jf k|lts"n x'g]5 .
s'g}s'g} b]zdf hx/ -ljif_ sf] OGh]S;g lbP/ d[To'b08 lbg]
rng 5 . o;sf] k|of]u klg cd]l/sfdf g} u/]sf lyP . of]
OGh]S;g ug] { xTof/f v"a} of]Uo / ljz]if1 x'g'k5{ . 8fS6/x¿
o:tf] xTof/f aGg dfg]gg\, lsg /] eg] -8fS6/x¿nfO{ s] s:tf]
zky lbnfPsf] x'G5 eg] pm s;}sf] hLjg ;dfKt ug] { 5}g /
arfpg klg s'g} lqmof–k|lqmof afFsL /fVg] 5}g_ . o;afx]s
cTofw'lgs lsl;dsf clt s8f hxl/nf OGh]S;g pknAw u/fpg'
klg Ps sl7g ;d:of 5, t/ olb of] hx/ s8f ePg eg] t
To; JolQmn] w]/} ;do;Dd b'Mv ef]Ug'kg] { x'G5 .
cd]l/sfdf ha 8fS6/x¿n] hx/sf] OGh]S;g lbg OGsf/
u/] clg ;a} lqmof Ps d]l;gaf6 lgolGqt ug] { c7f]6 u/],
695

clg o:tf] JolQmsf] vf]hL u/], hf] of] d]l;gsf] l:jr vf]Ng
;sf];\ .
s]xL b]zdf …d[To'b08Ú kmfol/ª bnåf/f uf]nL dfg]{
ub{5g\ . uf]nLn] p8fpg' klg sd si6bfos / sd aLeT;
x' Fb}g . o;df klg d[To' tTsfn} x' Fb}g . o;sf nflu klg s'zn
lgzfgfafhsf] ;fy} tLj|ultn] uf]nL rnfpg]sf] cfjZos kb{5,
h;sf] k|xf/af6 uf]nL tLj|tfsf ;fy ddf{Ëdf nfuf];\ / To;
JolQmsf] t'?Gt} d[To' xf];\ .
rLgdf d[To'b08 lbg'kg] {x¿nfO{ 3f]K6f] kf/]/ ;'tfpF5g\ /
6fpsfsf] kl5lNt/ a"9Lvf]k|L -vKk/eGbf clnd'lGt/, uw{geGbf
dfly_ df uf]nL xfg]/ d[To'b08 lbg] rng ePsf] s'g}s'g} klqsfn]
atfPsf 5g\ .
;g\ @))$ df -@)^! efb| !% ut]_ sfdsf] vf]hLdf
O/fs k'u]sf lgbf] {ifL !@ hjfg g]kfnLx¿nfO{ O/fssf cftÍjfbLx¿n]
tL g]kfnLx¿nfO{ nx/} 3f]K6f] kf/]/ ;'tfPkl5 k5fl8kl§ uf]nL
k|xf/ u/L xTof u/]sf kqklqsfdf k|sflzt lrqaf6 :ki6;Fu
yfxf kfOG5 .
s'g} b]zdf cfh klg t/af/ jf wfl/nf] xltof/n]
z/L/af6 lz/ cnu kfg] { jf 5'§Øfpg] ub{5g\ . o;df kftnf]
wf/ ePsf] Nn]8 jf To:t} wfl/nf] xltof/n] z/L/ luF8nfO{
5'§ØfOlbG5g\, t/ z/L/ eg] w]/}a]/;Dd 56k6fO/xG5 .
d[To'b08 lbgsf nflu kmfF;Lsf] kmGbf g} cTolws k|rlnt
k|lqmof xf] . kmGbfaf6 kmfF;L lbg' klg sd cdfgjLo xf]Og .
o;df To; JolQmsf] b'j} xft kl5lNt/ nu]/ sDd/df
afFlwlbG5g\ . o;kl5 b'j} uf]8fnfO{ 6]s]sf] tvtfdf afFlwlbG5g\
clg kmfF;L lbg] xTof/fn] sfnf] ‰f]nfh:tf] sk8fn] d'v 5f]lklbG5
/ 3fF6Ldf kmfF;L ;'s] {gL -kf;f]_ xflnlbG5 . clg ;hfo kfpg]
JolQm h'g tvtfdf plePsf] x'G5, Tof] tvtf xTof/f -aws_ n]
lnj/ -XoflG8n_ lyRgf;fy tnlt/sf] cf8f x6\t5 / ;f] JolQm
xfjfdf ‰'lG8Psf] -‰'n]sf]_ h:tf] eP/ tnlt/ ag]sf] cGbfhL !%
lkm6 ulx/f] Ogf/h:tf] ulx/f] vf8ndfly ‰'lG8O/xG5 .
696

kmfF;L lbgsf nflu xTof/f -aws_ nfO{ @$ 306fcufl8 g}
af]nfpFb5g\ . To;n] kmfF;Lsf] tvtf, lnj/ / 8f]/Lsf] hfFr
ub{5 . 8f]/Lsf] nDafO !%–!^ ld6/ jf 36L klg x'g;Sb5 .
To;df ;fa'g, af];f] / u|Lh cflb bNb5, o;n] ubf{ ufF7f] jf
;'s] {gL ;lhn}l;t ;b{5 / ;f] JolQmsf] k|f0f hfg w]/} a]/ nfUb}g .
olb ufF7f] aLrdf g} c8\lsof] eg] k|f0f hfg w]/} ;do nfUb5 .
@))@ ;fndf ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf nlntk'/df ;f9]rf/ hLpsf]
xTofsf] cleo'Qm JolQmnfO{ lbPsf] kmfF;Laf6 p;sf] k|f0f hfg
aL;f} F ldg]6 nfu]sf] lyof] . s'g} lbg jiff{sf] sf/0faf6 leh]sf]
8f]/Lsf] kf;f]n] ubf{ JolQmsf] k|f0f hfg b;f} F, aL;f} F ldg]6 klg
nfUg ;Sb5, o;}sf/0fn] ubf{ Tof] JolQm w]/}a]/ 56k6fO/x]sf]
lyof] .
olb uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ug] { xf] eg]— o:tf b[Zo x]g] { jf
o:tf ljifosf n]vx¿ k9\g] kf7sx¿nfO{ s] cg'ej x'G5 eg]—
d[To'b08df dfgjLo efjgfsf] cfwf/df ;/n ljlwsf] vf]hL
ug' {eGbf ;+;f/af6 …d[To'b08Ú ;dfKt ug' { g} dfgjLo efjgfsf]
;jf] {Qd pkfo xf] . ;hfo eg]sf] t Tof] xf], h'g JolQm cfk"m g}
cg'ej / ljZjf; klg u/f];\, p;n] h]–h:tf] sfd u¥of], Tof]
unt jf ug{ gx'g] sfd u¥of] . ck/fwLnfO{ d[To'b08sf] ;hfo
lbPdf, To; ;hfosf] kl/0ffd t p;sf cf>odf /xg] p;sf
kTgL / afnaRrfnfO{ kf] lbPsf] h:tf] x'G5, kTgL ljwjf /
afnaRrf cfhLjg 6'x'/f jf cgfy x'g'sf ;fy} dfgl;s efjgfn]
kLl8t eO/xG5g\ .
d[To'b08 lbg] tl/sfsf] ljifodf vf]hL ub}{ lxF8\g]n]
cd]l/sfdf d[To'b08sf lgldQ kmfF;Lsf] eGbf c¿ ljlw g} a9L
dfgjLo dfGb5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] ljrf/df lah'nLsf] d]r, Uof;RofDa/
jf OGh]S;g cflbnfO{ g} clws dfgjLo dfGb5g\ / o; ljifodf
s]xL ljz]if1sf] dfGotf s]df b]lvG5 eg]— pko' {Qm k|rlnt
ljlwx¿df kmfF;Lsf] kmGbf g} ;aeGbf sd si6bfo / sd
si6;fWo 5, t/ jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] kmfF;Lsf] kmGbf g}
;aeGbf 7"nf] cdfgjLo tl/sf xf] .
697

@))@ ;fnlt/sf] 36gf xf]— v"a a]usf ;fy cfPsf]
l/;Nnf r9]sf] 3f]8f l;+xb/af/sf] 9f]sfsf] ck;fO8df 7f]lsP/
3f]8f n8\of] . 6fpsf]df 7"nf] rf]6 nfu]sf] x'gfn] gfsaf6 /utsf]
wf/f aUg nfUof] . l/;Nnf *–!) xft k/lt/ k'u]/ k5fl/of],
p7fP/ c:ktfn k'¥ofP . 3f]8f Hofb} bogLo / c;xgLo ta/n]
56k6fO/Xof] . gafFRg] 7x¥ofO{ cfwf306f kl5 OGh]S;g lbP
clg 3f]8f d¥of] . o:t} l:yltdf OGh]S;g clt pkof]uL l;4
x'G5 . of] b[Zo o; n]vssf cfFvfn] g} b]v]sf] xf] .
of] n]v tof/ ubf{ ;xof]u lnOPsf u|Gyx¿—
cyj{j]b
z'qmgLlt
CUj]b
z'qm;f/
oh'j]{b
a[xt\ dfgj wd{;f/
sf7s;+lxtf k'/f0f ljdz{
t}lQ/Lo a|fXd0f sfdGbsLo gLlt;f/M
ztky a|fXd0f j}lbs OG8]S;
a[xbf/0os pklgifb\ j}lbs OG8]S;
dg':d[lt
j}lbs sf]ifM
of1jNSo :d[lt æ
jfNdLls /fdfo0f jfr:kTod\
ljb'/gLlt lxGb'Tj
wf}DogLlt lxGb"wd{ sf]if
sl0fs gLlt k|zf;sLo tyf sfg'gL zAbsf]z
sf}l6No cy{zf:q ;+:s[t lxGbL sf]z
lg?Qmd\
;+:s[t g]kfnL zAbsf]z
gLltzts cd/sf]z -/fdf>dL_
k'/f0fsf]if
dxfef/tsf]if ====cflb
jfT:ofog sfd;"q
698