2011-pdf-egu-ciremai-02apr - ITB

Characterization of Tropical Volcanic
Hydrogeology based on Temperature and
Electrical Conductivity Analysis:
Mount Ciremai, West Java Province, Indonesia
Irawan, DE., Puradimaja, DJ., Notosiswoyo, S., Sumintadireja, P.
Presented in 2011 European Geosciences Union General Assembly,
Vienna Austria, 3-8 April 2011
APPLIED GEOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION, FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

Introduction (Mount Ciremai’s Profile)
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Introduction (Mount Ciremai’s Profile)
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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The Hydrogeological Features
(Geology, from Situmorang, 1995)
• Consists of old and young volcanic products of
pyroclastics flow and intruded lava underlied by
Oligocene-Miocene clastics sediment.
• Main geological structure:
• NW-SE fault at south from the peak
• E-W fault at easter slope, resulting Sangkanhurip and
Pejambon geothermal prospect.
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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The Hydrogeological Features
(Groundwater System, from Irawan, 2009)
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Objectives
• To measure groundwater response
• To explain groundwater infiltration
processes
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Methods (Field measurements)
• Daily measurements at the same time (10.00 am)
of:
• Rainfall: using standard rain gauge, obtained at the nearest
station:
• The Susukan Station (309 masl)
• The Mandirancan Station (293 masl)
• Groundwater discharge at spring site: using channel
measurement technique
• Temperature (environment and groundwater) and
• Electro Conductivity (EC) of groundwater
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Methods (Analysis)
• Comparation of:
• Rainfall and spring discharge hydrograph
• Temperature (of environment and
groundwater) and EC of groundwater
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Result (temperature profiles)
Cibulan Spring
Telaga Remis Spring
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Results (Cibulan Spring)
Spring discharge hydrograph
• Response:
• Highest discharge:
three to four months
from the peak of rainy
season.
• Lowering discharge:
two months since the
dry season begins.
• Lowest discharge: six
months since the dry
season begins.
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Results (Cibulan Spring)
TDS-EC hydrograph
• TDS dry = 3 x TDS rainy
• EC dry = 2.5 x EC rainy
• Cycle:
• Dilution phase:
December 2006-June
2007
• Recovery phase: July-
September 2007
• Dissolution phase:
October-December
2007, up until early
months in 2008
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Results (Telaga Remis Spring)
• Response:
• Highest discharge:
three to five
months from the
peak of rainy
season.
• Lowering
discharge: four
months since the
dry season begins.
• Lowest discharge:
seven months
since the dry
season begins.
Spring discharge hydrograph
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Results (Telaga Remis Spring)
•TDS dry = 2 x TDS rainy
•EC dry = 1.7 x EC rainy
•1 st cycle:
• Dilution: Jan-April 2006
• Recovery: May 2006
• Dissolution: Jun ‘06-Feb
‘07
•2 nd cycle:
• Dilution: Mar-Aug ‘07
• Recovery: Sep-Dec ‘07
TDS-EC hydrograph
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Conclusion
• Hydrograph model for volcanic springs (especially in
tropical area) is still must be developed.
• Most of the available models are for limestone karst aquifer
system.
• Combination of porous medium aquifer from weathered
soil and fracture medium from fractured lava and breccias.
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Conclusion (Proposed type curve)
Model A
• Quick rising period in the
baseflow recession curve.
• Have better compliance to the
dry season.
• Relatively long storage period.
• Combination porous-fractured
medium.
Model B
• Slower period in the base flow
recession curve.
• More vulnerable to dry season.
• Relatively short storage period.
• More dominant fractured
medium.
Applied Geology Research Division, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung 15

The authors would like to thank:
1. Chevron Pacific Indonesia for funding sponsor
2. Mr. Wouter Buytaert (Convener) for contacting to fill in the free oral
session
3. Ministry of National Education of Indonesia for funding the PhD research
4. Department of Water Supply Kuningan Regency for data and permission to
visit spring site
5. Dr. Thom Bogaard (Delft University) for the discussion
6. Undergraduate students for the assistance of field work
Contact information:
Email: erwin@fitb.itb.ac.id or d.erwin.irawan@gmail.com
Website: blog.fitb.itb.ac.id/derwinirawan
Tel: +62222514990, Fax: +62222514837
Address: Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology
Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung-40132
West Java, Indonesia
APPLIED GEOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION, FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG