A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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Key actors/stakeholders Citizens have a fundamental role in this assessment process since the diagnosis is largely based on their perceptions of their representatives and local policies. UNDP (or any other development partner wanting to act as a facilitator for such an assessment) also plays a central role in the process, by identifying and bringing together local actors, ensuring objectivity, promoting dialogue, supporting the development of action plans, and guaranteeing the continuity and sustainability of the process, especially with regards to action plan implementation. Coverage Urban areas of Latin America. The tool was first applied in Cartagena. Timeline Initiated in 2004. Applied in Cartagena in 2007. Ongoing. Gender focus Not explicit. No reference to gender issues either in the Agenda or in the guidelines for assessing Local Governance. Poverty focus The Agenda and the Guidelines for assessing Local Governance aim to contribute to the eradication of poverty and the promotion of human development by promoting good governance. However, governance-poverty linkages are not explicitly addressed, except for one indicator measuring the “percentage of population who are above the poverty line”, under the section “results in human development”. Strengths The Agenda and the guidelines for assessing local governance have the twin advantages of providing specific indicators of local governance and offering tools to be applied in programmes and projects that will enhance the quality of local governance. Weaknesses The only poverty-focused indicator “percentage of population who are above the poverty line” does not seem to take into consideration non-income poverty, the intensity and depth of poverty, nor how to foster pro-poor governance. Where to find it http://www.logos.undp.org/fileadmin/docs/Gobernabilidad_Local/presetnacion_ODM/Agenda_Ingles.pdf Contact details Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Proyecto Regional de Gobernabilidad Local para América Latina Av. 82 No. 10-62 Piso 3 Bogotá, Colombia Tel: 57 1 488 9000 Ext. 234/244 Website: info.logos@undp.org.co Supplementary tools/guidelines More information about the initiative: www.logos.undp.org Methodological Guidelines for the analysis of Local Governance (in Spanish): http://www.logos.undp.org/fileadmin/docs/Gobernabilidad_Local/Guia_Metodologica_pa_Analisis_Gob_Local.pdf Methodological Guidelines for the development of a country/province/state profile concerning Local Governance: http://www.logos.undp.org/fileadmin/docs/Gobernabilidad_Local/Tors_y_guia_Metodologica_pa_Elaboracion_de_Marcos_ de_Pais.pdf Example of a perception survey in Cartagena, Colombia: http://www.logos.undp.org/fileadmin/docs/Gobernabilidad_Local/Cartagena/I-7894_-Gobernabilidad_Cartagena_ FINAL_PNUD.ppt#691,10,Visión Estratégica 80 UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Producer Kemitraan Partnership, an independent Indonesian research institution History The Index has been developed in Indonesia in the context of the regional autonomy policy and decentralisation process, which resulted in significant variations in the “quality” of local governments. The lack of comprehensive and rigorous data to investigate such variations in the quality of governance across provinces led Kemitraan develop a Governance index that would be applied in each province, thus allowing not only for comparisons across provinces, but also for cross-learning and dissemination of good practices. Objectives The Governance Index has the overall objectives to • provide a comprehensive and methodologically sound assessment of governance performance in all Indonesia provinces; • rank governance performance in all Indonesian provinces based on separate assessments in 4 “areas of governance”: government, bureaucracy, civil society and economic society; • provide an evidence base to the local governments, the communities and other relevant stakeholders (including the central government) to help inform governance policies and capacity development programmes at the local level Applicability This method is applicable where stakeholders would like to assess “governance” defined as the interactions at the local level between the political office, the bureaucracy, civil society and the economic society. Types and sources of data used Information is mainly quantitative. It is made up of both subjective and objective data. Subjective data is obtained through structured interviews of well-informed persons (guidelines for interview supplied in the methodology package), which fall into two groups: those who are the very actors of the governance processes assessed (representatives from government, bureaucracy, economic society and civil society) and those who are not direct actors but have some interaction with them, or are concerned with the quality of governance (academics and journalists). Objective data consists of statistical data, budgetary data, local development plan, local legislation programme, websites, records of coordination meeting, audits, human development index, etc. More specifically, for the government area, data is collected from the provincial secretariat and the provincial parliament. For the bureaucracy area, data is collected from the local health, education, social affairs and revenue collection offices, the local planning agency, the local anti-corruption office, the local statistics office, etc. Methodology The Index is organised into 4 areas, 8 functions, 6 principles and 75 indicators. Table 10 presents the distribution of indicators according to the different areas and functions. The number of indicators varies from for each function, as only those good governance principles which are most relevant to the function assessed have been translated into indicators. The following table provides an example of indicators for each one of the 6 principles, while showing the area and the function it aims to assess: A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 81
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A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
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Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
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Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
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Introduction This Guide is intended
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1 Assessments of Local Governance
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Decentralized governance for develo
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and local specificity. In order to
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A critical step in developing an as
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Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
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achieve the results. These can incl
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Gender-sensitivity in governance is
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1.11 Key contextual factors influen
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findings of the assessment in ways
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for union parishads (UPs) comprise
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Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
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Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
Page 37 and 38: governments, and representatives of
Page 39: the assessment - in terms of social
Page 43 and 44: Case Studies 3 The following four f
Page 45 and 46: Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
Page 47 and 48: Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
Page 49 and 50: Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
Page 51 and 52: References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
Page 53 and 54: Source Guide
Page 55 and 56: The summary matrix also indicates w
Page 57 and 58: Summary matrix: Main features of to
Page 65 and 66: Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
Page 67 and 68: Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
Page 69 and 70: Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
Page 71 and 72: Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
Page 73 and 74: Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
Page 75 and 76: Table 6: Principles and indicators
Page 77 and 78: Where to find it The initiative is
Page 79 and 80: Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
Page 81 and 82: Poverty focus Not explicit. The onl
Page 83 and 84: Local governance performance measur
Page 85 and 86: Europe. They have first been used i
Page 87: Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
Page 91 and 92: Table 12: Example of form for colle
Page 93 and 94: Where to find it The initiative is
Page 95 and 96: Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
Page 97 and 98: Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
Page 99 and 100: Table 18: Framework of module on
Page 101 and 102: Key actors/stakeholders The initial
Page 103 and 104: Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
Page 105 and 106: y the State and the municipality as
Page 107 and 108: 11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
Page 109 and 110: Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
Page 111 and 112: 12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
Page 113 and 114: Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
Page 115 and 116: 13 Social Audit of Local Governance
Page 117 and 118: Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
Page 119 and 120: 14 Social Audit of Governance and D
Page 121 and 122: Box 8: Report extract - The Social
Page 123 and 124: Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
Page 125 and 126: 15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
Page 129 and 130: 16 Governance for Local Development
Page 131 and 132: Coverage Following the pilot testin
Page 133 and 134: Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
Page 135 and 136: Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
Page 137 and 138: Manual for assessment of Minimum Co
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Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
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Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
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19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
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Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
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Table 39: Dimensions for the standa
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21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
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Table 42: Integrity Indicator score
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Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
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Table 43: Two examples of questions
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Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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