A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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Box 2: Report extract – Local Democracy Assessment in Lusaka, Zambia The sections below concern the form and methods of citizen outreach (13) and the evaluation of citizen outreach (14) (participatory democracy). Which of the following forms of citizen outreach have been used in the past 12 months? Rating Please mark with an X Not used at all Used between one and three times Used more than three times Public Information 13.1 Distribution of printed materials (leaflets, newsletters etc.) to the public X 13.2 Regular media briefing X 13.3 Public presentation and exhibitions X 13.4 Scheduled programmes in local media X 13.5 Computer-based applications, such as websites and e-mail X 13.6 Others: motorized broadcast on the eradication and prevention of diseases, such as cholera Public Constation 13.7 Consultative meetings X 13.8 Community forums X 13.9 Public surveys X 13.10 Others: None Public Decision Making 13.11 Working groups and focus groups X 13.12 Public workshops X Cooperative Implementation 13.13 Public–private partnerships or public–non-governmental partnerships X 13.14 Others: Involvement of NGOs Community outreach processes are very important to the city council’s operations. The most effective means of community outreach is the community participatory process that is built into CBO/NGO programmes.The community is not only involved directly in decision-making, but it also participates in the implementation and monitoring of programmes. In short, it is a bottom-up approach.The least effective was the now abandoned method under which all decisions were taken by civic centres without consultation with affected people. This invariably resulted in lack of ownership of the programmes or projects and hence vandalism and indifference towards the payment of fees and charges. CBOs/NGOs now work together with local authorities.The rate of citizen participation in community outreach is relatively good, but CBOs/NGOs are striving hard to ensure a much higher level.The basic barrier to citizen participation is poverty, which, in turn, contributes to illiteracy and lack of interest in community activities.The mission of Lusaka City Council is to ‘provide high quality services and an enabling environment, with stakeholder participation, in order to improve the quality of life for all those who live, work visit or conduct business in Lusaka’.The five-year strategic plan is supposed to enhance the prospects of achieving this vision. It was developed through broad consultations with a cross-section of the Lusaka community. This was done to ensure that the objectives of the city take into account the priorities of local communities, especially with respect to service delivery. Source: http://www.idea.int/publications/dll_africa/upload/Full_Report.pdf 72 UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
Poverty focus Not explicit. The only indicator explicitly addressing poverty is in the “city in context” section, and measures the percentage of the city’s population living below the poverty line. Strengths Despite the level of detail in the questionnaire, producers of the Local Democracy Assessment Guide suggest that it can also be implemented in a less time-consuming manner, focusing on a subset of questions only. For example, in Gaborone, the mapping of the state of local democracy was reportedly the product of a two-day stakeholder workshop. The guide also provides useful step-by-step guidance on how to translate the findings of the assessment questionnaire into recommendations for improvement in local democracy. Weaknesses The guide focuses on assessing local democracy architectures (with a focus on elections, political parties, civic engagement, etc.) As such, this methodology has a more limited scope than broader local governance assessment methodologies. Results of the pilot tests suggest that the local democracy assessment exercise should identify more clearly and specifically how an improvement in the quality of democracy can lead directly to an improvement in the quality of life. Where to find it http://www.idea.int/democracy/upload/Local_Dem_Assessment_Guide.pdf Contact details International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) Strömsborg SE-103 34 Stockholm Sweden Tel: +46 8 698 3700, Fax: +46 8 20 24 22 E-mail: info@idea.int Supplementary tools/guidelines Democracy at the Local Level in East and Southern Africa: Profiles in Governance http://www.idea.int/publications/dll_africa/upload/Full_Report.pdf Democracy at the Local Level: A Guide for the South Caucasus http://www.idea.int/publications/dll_caucasus/upload/English_text.pdf Democracy at the Local Level: The International IDEA Handbook on Representation, Participation, Conflict Management and Governance: http://www.idea.int/publications/dll/upload/DLL_full_book.pdf “Indicators for Local Governance in Africa: Findings from Recent Evaluations – IDEA Experience” (Workshop on Local Governance and Poverty Reduction in Africa, 2005, Tunis): http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/JAI/RESOURCE_MATERIALS/COURSE_MATERIALS/LOCAL%20GOVERNANCE%20A ND%20POVERTY%20REDUCTION%20CD/HAMDOK%20PP%20REVISED%20EN.PPT A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 73
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A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
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Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
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Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
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Introduction This Guide is intended
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1 Assessments of Local Governance
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Decentralized governance for develo
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and local specificity. In order to
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A critical step in developing an as
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Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
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achieve the results. These can incl
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Gender-sensitivity in governance is
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1.11 Key contextual factors influen
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findings of the assessment in ways
Page 30 and 31: for union parishads (UPs) comprise
Page 32 and 33: Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
Page 35 and 36: Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
Page 37 and 38: governments, and representatives of
Page 39: the assessment - in terms of social
Page 43 and 44: Case Studies 3 The following four f
Page 45 and 46: Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
Page 47 and 48: Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
Page 49 and 50: Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
Page 51 and 52: References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
Page 53 and 54: Source Guide
Page 55 and 56: The summary matrix also indicates w
Page 57 and 58: Summary matrix: Main features of to
Page 65 and 66: Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
Page 67 and 68: Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
Page 69 and 70: Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
Page 71 and 72: Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
Page 73 and 74: Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
Page 75 and 76: Table 6: Principles and indicators
Page 77 and 78: Where to find it The initiative is
Page 79: Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
Page 83 and 84: Local governance performance measur
Page 85 and 86: Europe. They have first been used i
Page 87 and 88: Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
Page 89 and 90: 7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Prod
Page 91 and 92: Table 12: Example of form for colle
Page 93 and 94: Where to find it The initiative is
Page 95 and 96: Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
Page 97 and 98: Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
Page 99 and 100: Table 18: Framework of module on
Page 101 and 102: Key actors/stakeholders The initial
Page 103 and 104: Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
Page 105 and 106: y the State and the municipality as
Page 107 and 108: 11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
Page 109 and 110: Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
Page 111 and 112: 12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
Page 113 and 114: Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
Page 115 and 116: 13 Social Audit of Local Governance
Page 117 and 118: Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
Page 119 and 120: 14 Social Audit of Governance and D
Page 121 and 122: Box 8: Report extract - The Social
Page 123 and 124: Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
Page 125 and 126: 15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
Page 129 and 130: 16 Governance for Local Development
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Coverage Following the pilot testin
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Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
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Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
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Manual for assessment of Minimum Co
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Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
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Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
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19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
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Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
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Table 39: Dimensions for the standa
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21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
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Table 42: Integrity Indicator score
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Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
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Table 43: Two examples of questions
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Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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