A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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Acronyms CRC CSO DFID FAO GOFORDEV GGI GOFORGOLD IDEA LGB LGPMS LGSA LGU MCA MDG NGO NSO OECD OECD-DAC OGC OSI PBGS PM RRA UCLG UGI UN UNCDF UNDP UN-HABITAT USAID Citizen Report Card Civil Society Organization Department for International Development UN Food and Agriculture Agency Governance for Local Development Good Governance Index Good Governance for Local Development International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance Local Governance Barometer Local Governance Performance Management System Local Governance Self-Assessment local government unit Minimum Conditions of Access Millennium Development Goal Non-Governmental Organization National Statistical Office Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD-Development Assistance Committee Oslo Governance Centre Open Society Institute Performance Based Grant System Performance Measure Rapid Rural Appraisal United Cities and Local Governments Urban Governance Index United Nations United Nations Capital Development Fund United Nations Development Programme United Nations Human Settlements Programme United States Agency for International Development vi UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
Introduction This Guide is intended to respond to an increasing demand from UNDP Country Offices and a wide range of national stakeholders for guidance on the multiplicity of tools and methods that are being used to measure, assess and monitor governance at the local level. The Guide uses the term ‘local governance’ to cover the range of governance issues that exist at the local level, including decentralisation of policies and processes, the roles and inter-relationships of different actors and institutions, local democracy and local government performance. The Guide combines a discussion of theoretical/ conceptual issues relating to local governance with a review of past and ongoing local governance assessment initiatives. The proliferation of different assessments and indicators has resulted in some confusion about which tools to use, how they should be applied and their weaknesses and strengths. The Guide is essentially made up of two parts; the first part outlines what is meant by local governance and describes the kinds of issues, concepts and priorities for local governance that existing measurement and assessment tools tend to focus on. This first part also provides guidance on challenges and opportunities for assessing local governance. The guidance is based on direct feedback from users of assessment tools, a distillation of good practices, and four illustrative case study examples. The second part is the Source Guide, which is an inventory of existing assessment tools and methodologies. At present, there is no resource that offers a global overview bringing together all existing approaches, tools and methods in this area. The Source Guide is structured in a way to provide detailed information on each tool, including: history, objectives, applicability, the types and sources of data used, methodology used, key actors/stakeholders involved, the results reporting format, the gender and poverty focus (if it has one), strengths and weaknesses, the coverage, timeline, the assumptions in the method, contact details and any supplementary tools/guidelines related to the particular instrument. The purpose of compiling and organising this information is to provide local governance actors and other stakeholders engaged in strengthening governance at the local level with a resource that can be drawn on for developing new assessment tools or adapting existing assessment approaches to their specific contexts. It is important to note that the Guide does not provide a new measurement or assessment methodology and it does not propose any kind of a blueprint. The Guide is an important component of UNDP’s body of guidance on measuring and assessing democratic governance, developed as part of UNDP’s programme on Governance Assessments. 1 This programme supports nationally owned processes for assessing and measuring democratic governance and aims to facilitate the development of tools which have broad-based national ownership, are pro-poor and gendersensitive, and are designed to identify governance weaknesses and capacity gaps. 1 http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/flagship/democratic_governance_assessments.html A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 1
Page 1: A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
Page 7: Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
Page 11: 1 Assessments of Local Governance
Page 14 and 15: Decentralized governance for develo
Page 16 and 17: and local specificity. In order to
Page 18 and 19: A critical step in developing an as
Page 20 and 21: Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
Page 22 and 23: achieve the results. These can incl
Page 24 and 25: Gender-sensitivity in governance is
Page 26 and 27: 1.11 Key contextual factors influen
Page 28 and 29: findings of the assessment in ways
Page 30 and 31: for union parishads (UPs) comprise
Page 32 and 33: Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
Page 35 and 36: Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
Page 37 and 38: governments, and representatives of
Page 39: the assessment - in terms of social
Page 43 and 44: Case Studies 3 The following four f
Page 45 and 46: Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
Page 47 and 48: Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
Page 49 and 50: Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
Page 51 and 52: References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
Page 53 and 54: Source Guide
Page 55 and 56: The summary matrix also indicates w
Page 57 and 58: Summary matrix: Main features of to
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Summary matrix: Main features of to
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Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
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Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
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Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
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Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
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Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
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Table 6: Principles and indicators
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Where to find it The initiative is
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Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
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Poverty focus Not explicit. The onl
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Local governance performance measur
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Europe. They have first been used i
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Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
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7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Prod
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Table 12: Example of form for colle
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Where to find it The initiative is
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Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
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Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
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Table 18: Framework of module on
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Key actors/stakeholders The initial
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Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
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y the State and the municipality as
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11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
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Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
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12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
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Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
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13 Social Audit of Local Governance
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Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
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14 Social Audit of Governance and D
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Box 8: Report extract - The Social
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Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
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15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
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Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
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16 Governance for Local Development
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Coverage Following the pilot testin
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Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
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Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
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Manual for assessment of Minimum Co
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Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
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Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
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19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
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Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
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Table 39: Dimensions for the standa
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21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
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Table 42: Integrity Indicator score
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Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
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Table 43: Two examples of questions
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Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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