A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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Table 41: Indicators and questions relative to the Liberia pilot project for the sub-category “Sub-National Civil Society Organizations”, category “Sub-National Civil Society, Public Information and Media” INDICATORS QUESTIONS SCORE 1 Are anti-corruption/ good governance CSOs at the sub-national level legally protected? 2 Are good governance/ anti-corruption CSOs at the sub-national level able to operate freely? 3 Are civil society activists at the sub-national level safe when working on corruption issues? 1a: In law, citizens have a right to form civil society organizations (CSOs) focused on anti-corruption or good governance at the sub-national level. 1b: In law, anti-corruption/good governance CSOs at the sub-national level are free to accept funding from any foreign or domestic sources. 1c: In law, anti-corruption/good governance CSOs at the sub-national level are required to disclose their sources of funding. 2a: In practice, the government does not create barriers to the organization of new anti-corruption/good governance CSOs at the sub-national level. 2b: In practice, anti-corruption/good governance CSOs at the sub-national level actively engage in the political and policymaking process. 2c: In practice, no anti-corruption/good governance CSOs at the sub-national level have been shut down by the government for their work on corruption-related issues during the study period. 3a: In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists at the sub-national level working on corruption issues have been imprisoned. 3b: In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues at the sub-national level have been physically harmed. 3c: In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues at the sub-national level have been killed. Yes/no Yes/no 100 – 75 – 50 – 25 – 0 100 – 75 – 50 – 25 – 0 100 – 75 – 50 – 25 – 0 Yes/no Yes/no Yes/no Yes/no 4 Can citizens organize into trade unions at the sub-national level? 4a: In law, citizens have a right to organize into trade unions at the sub-national level. Yes/no 4b: In practice, citizens are able to organize into trade unions at the sub-national level. 100 – 75 – 50 – 25 – 0 whether certain legal codes, fundamental rights, government institutions, and regulations exist. These “de jure” indicators are scored with a simple “yes” or “no” with “yes” receiving a 100 score and “no” receiving a zero. “In practice” indicators address de facto issues such as implementation, effectiveness enforcement, and citizen access. As these usually require a more nuanced assessment, these “in practice” indicators are scored along an ordinal scale of zero to 100 with possible scores at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100. Well-defined criteria are set to score indicators. The above table provides an example taken from the Liberia pilot project and showing the indicators and questions for the sub-category “Sub- National Civil Society Organizations”. For the purpose of producing the scorecards for each sub-national unit, a simple aggregation method is used. Original indicator and subindicator values are assigned by the lead researcher (those scores are adjusted following the peer review process; see more below). Each indicator score is then averaged within its parent subcategory, which produces a subcategory score. The subcategory score is in turn averaged with the other subcategory scores in a parent category. Category scores are then averaged to produce a county score. 142 UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
Table 42: Integrity Indicator scorecards for the Lofa county in Liberia Overall Score: 61 – Weak CATEGORY SUB-CATEGORY SCORE Category LIB-1 Sub-National Civil Society, Public Information and Media 82 Strong LIB-1-1 Sub-National Civil Society Organizations 96 Very Strong LIB-1-2 Sub-National Media 86 Strong LIB-1-3 Sub-National Public Access to Information 63 Weak Category LIB-2 Sub-National Government Accountability 67 Weak LIB-2-1 Sub-National Executive Accountability 69 Weak LIB-2-2 Sub-National Judicial Accountability 60 Weak LIB-2-3 Sub-National Budget Processes 72 Moderate Category LIB-3 Sub-National Administration and Civil Service 41 Very Weak LIB-3-1 Sub-National Civil Service Regulations 38 Very Weak LIB-3-2 Sub-National Whistle-blowing Measures 0 Very Weak LIB-3-3 Sub-National Procurement 82 Strong LIB-3-4 Sub-National Property Rights 45 Very Weak Category LIB-4 Sub-National Oversight and Regulation 72 Moderate LIB-4-1 Sub-National Audit Institution 78 Moderate LIB-4-2 Sub-National Business Licensing and Regulation 65 Weak Category LIB-5 Sub-National Anti-Corruption and Rule of Law 44 Very Weak LIB-5-1 Sub-National Anti-Corruption Law 0 Very Weak LIB-5-2 Sub-National Rule of Law 74 Moderate LIB-5-3 Sub-National Law Enforcement 59 Very Weak Key actors/stakeholders All data and reporting is home-grown, bottom-up information generated and peer reviewed by in-country local experts, so that there is no need for an external executive agency but rather for a sufficiently qualified research team in the country. Local country teams are responsible for the scoring of indicators and have to be composed by recognised experts from think tanks, universities, public policy research centres, NGOs, and media organisations who have attained expertise in the nuances of governance and corruption issues. Local teams should be composed by a lead researcher, a small team of research assistants, three to five peer reviewers (a mix of other incountry experts and out of-country experts). There are five groups of target audience: government policymakers seeking to design evidence-based reform programs; grassroots advocates that want to sharpen their message when calling for reform; journalists seeking insight into where corruption is more or less likely to occur in a country; researchers and academics interested in exploring the relationship between anticorruption safeguards and other variables; and businesses (especially investors focused on emerging markets) seeking to assess risk and opportunity. Results reporting format The Integrity scorecards report is composed by the scoring attached to indicators, sub-categories, categories and the final total score, additional comments from researchers to support their score and reference for a particular indicator (e.g. to capture the nuances of complex situations, especially the “Yes, but…” phenomena) and, A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 143
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A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
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Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
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Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
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Introduction This Guide is intended
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1 Assessments of Local Governance
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Decentralized governance for develo
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and local specificity. In order to
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A critical step in developing an as
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Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
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achieve the results. These can incl
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Gender-sensitivity in governance is
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1.11 Key contextual factors influen
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findings of the assessment in ways
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for union parishads (UPs) comprise
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Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
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Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
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governments, and representatives of
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the assessment - in terms of social
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Case Studies 3 The following four f
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Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
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Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
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Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
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References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
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Source Guide
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The summary matrix also indicates w
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Summary matrix: Main features of to
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Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
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Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
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Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
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Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
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Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
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Table 6: Principles and indicators
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Where to find it The initiative is
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Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
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Poverty focus Not explicit. The onl
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Local governance performance measur
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Europe. They have first been used i
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Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
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7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Prod
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Table 12: Example of form for colle
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Where to find it The initiative is
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Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
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Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
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Page 101 and 102: Key actors/stakeholders The initial
Page 103 and 104: Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
Page 105 and 106: y the State and the municipality as
Page 107 and 108: 11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
Page 109 and 110: Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
Page 111 and 112: 12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
Page 113 and 114: Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
Page 115 and 116: 13 Social Audit of Local Governance
Page 117 and 118: Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
Page 119 and 120: 14 Social Audit of Governance and D
Page 121 and 122: Box 8: Report extract - The Social
Page 123 and 124: Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
Page 125 and 126: 15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
Page 129 and 130: 16 Governance for Local Development
Page 131 and 132: Coverage Following the pilot testin
Page 133 and 134: Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
Page 135 and 136: Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
Page 137 and 138: Manual for assessment of Minimum Co
Page 139 and 140: Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
Page 141 and 142: Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
Page 143 and 144: 19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
Page 145 and 146: Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
Page 147 and 148: Table 39: Dimensions for the standa
Page 149: 21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
Page 153 and 154: Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
Page 155 and 156: Table 43: Two examples of questions
Page 157: Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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