A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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20 Standards of Municipal Transparency (Chile) Producer Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades and Chile Transparente History The “standards of municipal transparency” elaborated for Chile are the result of a study consisting in several steps: the investigation of the process of function and management of municipalities, the selection of the pieces of information on municipal management that have to be divulgated (on the basis of their importance, relevance and feasibility in sharing the information), collection of international experiences on municipal transparency. The first proposal of standards has been analysed and debated by an expert group and applied in three Chilean municipalities: Santiago, Recoleta, Maipù. Objectives The objective of the standards of municipal transparency is to provide a model guaranteeing access to information in all municipalities of Chile. The “standards of municipal transparency”focus on “active transparency”, i.e. on the availability and clarity of information that a municipality should provide to citizens on a continuous basis, through a webpage and government offices in each municipality (as opposed to information provided on the basis of citizen requests.) Types and sources of data used Objective only. The data used are represented by municipal standards, procedures, norms and regulations as well as municipal and national laws. Methodology 95 indicators have been identified according to the following criteria: fundamental information on the municipality; complete information on municipal norms and regulation, on municipal management and orientations, on the management of public financial resources; information useful for citizens’ participation in municipal programmes of benefits; necessary information to access other municipal information. Table 39 outlines the 11 dimensions for the standards of municipal transparency, and provides an example of indicator for each dimension: The third dimension related to “Information on municipal management and the decision-making process” has the highest number of indicators (64) as it assesses the availability of information on the municipal council, on public hearings, on human resources, on the municipal budget, on municipal development planning, on subsidies and social programmes, and on decentralised services. The indicators require a simple yes/no answer. They are divided into three categories: those that represent a basic standard that any municipality should be able to comply with, those that require additional effort (intermediate), and those that are most demanding in terms of compliance (advanced). The municipalities are then divided into three groups, according to an assessment of their capacity to meet the three levels of ‘standards’. An example of some indicators and their classification is provided in table 40: Given the heterogeneity of Chilean municipalities, the 345 Chilean local governments are divided into 3 different groups according to their population, socio-economic situation, technological conditions (number of computers in the municipal officers) and access to IT (number of households with internet access). These groups represent the more (group 1) or less (group 3) municipal favourable conditions to implement transparent practices. On the basis of these groups, the Chilean municipalities have to comply with all the advanced standards (groups 1), at least with all the intermediate or basic standards (group 2) or at least with all the basic standards (group 3). Key actors/stakeholders The project is at the inception stage and has not been tested on the ground yet. It is therefore too early to tell which stakeholders will be involved. 138 UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
Table 39: Dimensions for the standards of municipal transparency DIMENSIONS NUMBER OF STANDARDS/INDICATORS EXAMPLE 1 Standards of transparency defined by Chile Transparente 2 information on municipal structure, organisation and regulation 3 information on municipal management and the decision–making process 1 Publication of a document comprising the listing of standards proposed by Chile Transparente as to make citizens aware of the information they can demand at the municipal level 12 Polices and general regulation for the granting subsides 64 The nomination of all the councilors and the Mayor, mentioning the political party they belong to and their contact details 4 Denounces and complaints 1 Monthly statistics on denounces and complaints according to their location, interested municipal department, kind of complaint 5 Informational on municipal management 6 Public budgets of the last three years 6 list of available documents 1 Structured listing of available categories of information (both in the website and municipal offices) 7 corporations 3 Monthly report of activates 8 urban security 1 Emergency phone numbers as well as number and kinds of vehicles used for security and controls 9 legal activity 3 Listing of judgements where the municipality is involved 10 prescription of the General Controllership of the Republic 11 Access to the reactive or passive information 1 Opinions of the General Controllership affecting the Municipality 2 Creation and publication of a document on municipal procedures to access information Table 40: Example of some indicators and their classification NUMBER INDICATOR BASIC INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED DESCRIPTION 14 YES YES YES The nomination of all the councilors and the Mayor, mentioning the political party they belong to and their contact details 75 NO YES YES The monthly municipal transfer for the sectors of health, and the transfer received by the State through the Heath Service 20 NO NO YES Publication of the date and subject of public hearings A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 139
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A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
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Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
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Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
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Introduction This Guide is intended
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1 Assessments of Local Governance
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Decentralized governance for develo
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and local specificity. In order to
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A critical step in developing an as
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Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
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achieve the results. These can incl
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Gender-sensitivity in governance is
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1.11 Key contextual factors influen
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findings of the assessment in ways
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for union parishads (UPs) comprise
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Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
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Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
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governments, and representatives of
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the assessment - in terms of social
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Case Studies 3 The following four f
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Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
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Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
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Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
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References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
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Source Guide
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The summary matrix also indicates w
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Summary matrix: Main features of to
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Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
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Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
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Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
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Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
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Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
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Table 6: Principles and indicators
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Where to find it The initiative is
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Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
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Poverty focus Not explicit. The onl
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Local governance performance measur
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Europe. They have first been used i
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Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
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7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Prod
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Table 12: Example of form for colle
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Where to find it The initiative is
Page 95 and 96: Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
Page 97 and 98: Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
Page 99 and 100: Table 18: Framework of module on
Page 101 and 102: Key actors/stakeholders The initial
Page 103 and 104: Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
Page 105 and 106: y the State and the municipality as
Page 107 and 108: 11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
Page 109 and 110: Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
Page 111 and 112: 12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
Page 113 and 114: Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
Page 115 and 116: 13 Social Audit of Local Governance
Page 117 and 118: Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
Page 119 and 120: 14 Social Audit of Governance and D
Page 121 and 122: Box 8: Report extract - The Social
Page 123 and 124: Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
Page 125 and 126: 15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
Page 129 and 130: 16 Governance for Local Development
Page 131 and 132: Coverage Following the pilot testin
Page 133 and 134: Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
Page 135 and 136: Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
Page 137 and 138: Manual for assessment of Minimum Co
Page 139 and 140: Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
Page 141 and 142: Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
Page 143 and 144: 19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
Page 145: Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
Page 149 and 150: 21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
Page 151 and 152: Table 42: Integrity Indicator score
Page 153 and 154: Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
Page 155 and 156: Table 43: Two examples of questions
Page 157: Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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