A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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Poverty focus PBGSs pro-poor indicators are incorporated under Performance Measures, such as the determination of the allocation of the development expenditure in order to assess the proportion applied to the pro-poor sectors – education, heath, water, agriculture and roads (Tanzania); the analysis of Local Government poverty and livelihood issues including poverty trends (cause-effect relationships), livelihood analysis for the different poverty categories/vulnerable groups (like children, people living with HIV/AIDS, the elderly, people with disabilities, displaced persons, the urban poor etc.) and geographical poverty pockets – related to performance measure for the quality of the Development Plan, of the Investment Plan (Uganda); the mention of pro-poor policy, national and district development priorities, criteria for selecting projects by municipalities within the LG activities concerning budget ceilings and planning guidelines (Nepal). In addition, PBGSs can be adapted in order to overcome the potential tension that can arise between the focus on performance and the objective of poverty reduction. First, they might be restricted to the poorer rather than richer local governments. Second, performance grants systems can be designed focusing on lower capacity local governments.Third, they can include poverty or poverty proxy measures in the basic allocation criteria prior to the adjustment to the results on the performance measures. Strengths • PBGSs improve local administration performance by linking transfers to performance in terms of revenue mobilisation, administrative performance accountability, good governance. In countries such as Uganda and Kenya, local development plans and budgets are now being elaborated with a larger involvement of the citizens, more transparency and inclusiveness than prior to the introduction of the system. Improvements were also realised on the strengthening of accountability procedures, the establishment of internal audits, the functioning of tender boards, councils and committees. In many countries, PBGSs are supported by systemic reforms especially in the field of decentralisation and financial management. • PBGSs have proved to be a tool for improved dialogue between citizens and public administration officials, while providing a way to address the local challenges more efficiently. • PBGS applying clear criteria (formula-based) for transfers are more transparent, predictable and equitable than ad hoc transfers, and more suitable for the local planning process. Weaknesses Given that the performance-based grants are usually administered by ministerial bodies, the process of assessment and delivery of these grants can be subject to political pressures, in order to manipulate the assessment’s results. In this case, it seems preferable to involve in this process other local government representatives and/or stakeholders, in order to guarantee transparency and independent judgement. Where to find it http://regionalcentrebangkok.undp.or.th/practices/governance/documents/uncdf_nepal-int2005.pdf Supplementary tools/guidelines Conceptual Basis for Performance Based Grant Systems and Selected International Experiences: http://regionalcentrebangkok.undp.or.th/practices/governance/documents/uncdf_nepal-int2005.pdf Performance Based Grant Systems – Using Grants as Incentives; Concept and Lessons Learned: http://www.kl.dk/_bin/7dbb8d72-4a58-47c8-b0ba-26d123226395.ppt 128 UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
Manual for assessment of Minimum Conditions and Performance Measures for District Development Committees in Nepal: http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/JAI/RESOURCE_MATERIALS/COURSE_MATERIALS/LOCAL%20GOVENANCE%20PR O-POOR%20OUTCOME%2C%20KIGALI%2C%20RWANDA%2C%20%202006/ANNEX%204-%20PERFORMANCE%20ASSESS- MENT%20MANUAL%20-%20FINAL%20DRAFT-%202006.DOC Manual for assessment of Minimum Conditions and Performance Measures in Tanzania: http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/JAI/RESOURCE_MATERIALS/COURSE_MATERIALS/LOCAL%20GOVENANCE%20PROPO OR%20OUTCOME%2C%20KIGALI%2C%20RWANDA%2C%20%202006/REVISED%20ASSESSMENT%20MANUAL%20FINAL.PDF Manual for assessment of Minimum Conditions and Performance Measures in Uganda: http://www.afdb.org/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/JAI/RESOURCE_MATERIALS/COURSE_MATERIALS/LOCAL%20GOVENANCE%20PR O-POOR%20OUTCOME%2C%20KIGALI%2C%20RWANDA%2C%20%202006/ASSESSMENT%20MANUAL%20REVISED%20- %20UGANDA-%20SECTORS.DOC A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 129
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A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
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Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
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Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
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Introduction This Guide is intended
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1 Assessments of Local Governance
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Decentralized governance for develo
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and local specificity. In order to
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A critical step in developing an as
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Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
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achieve the results. These can incl
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Gender-sensitivity in governance is
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1.11 Key contextual factors influen
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findings of the assessment in ways
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for union parishads (UPs) comprise
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Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
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Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
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governments, and representatives of
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the assessment - in terms of social
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Case Studies 3 The following four f
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Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
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Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
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Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
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References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
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Source Guide
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The summary matrix also indicates w
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Summary matrix: Main features of to
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Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
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Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
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Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
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Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
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Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
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Table 6: Principles and indicators
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Where to find it The initiative is
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Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
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Poverty focus Not explicit. The onl
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Local governance performance measur
Page 85 and 86: Europe. They have first been used i
Page 87 and 88: Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
Page 89 and 90: 7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Prod
Page 91 and 92: Table 12: Example of form for colle
Page 93 and 94: Where to find it The initiative is
Page 95 and 96: Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
Page 97 and 98: Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
Page 99 and 100: Table 18: Framework of module on
Page 101 and 102: Key actors/stakeholders The initial
Page 103 and 104: Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
Page 105 and 106: y the State and the municipality as
Page 107 and 108: 11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
Page 109 and 110: Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
Page 111 and 112: 12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
Page 113 and 114: Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
Page 115 and 116: 13 Social Audit of Local Governance
Page 117 and 118: Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
Page 119 and 120: 14 Social Audit of Governance and D
Page 121 and 122: Box 8: Report extract - The Social
Page 123 and 124: Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
Page 125 and 126: 15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
Page 129 and 130: 16 Governance for Local Development
Page 131 and 132: Coverage Following the pilot testin
Page 133 and 134: Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
Page 135: Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
Page 139 and 140: Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
Page 141 and 142: Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
Page 143 and 144: 19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
Page 145 and 146: Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
Page 147 and 148: Table 39: Dimensions for the standa
Page 149 and 150: 21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
Page 151 and 152: Table 42: Integrity Indicator score
Page 153 and 154: Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
Page 155 and 156: Table 43: Two examples of questions
Page 157: Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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