A Users' Guide to Measuring Local Governance

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Table 30: GOFORDEV Index – sub-indices and indicators The Development Needs Index (DNI) measures the level of local development and welfare. It reflects the extent of needs of residents and people’s assessment of how well the local government meets public service needs. It is composed by 5 indicators: • Effects on Family Conditions Ratio • Effectiveness at Addressing Public Problem Ratio • Adequacy of Day Services Ratio • Adequacy of Health Services Ratio • Access to Sources of Drinking Water Ratio Development Orientation Index (DOI) measures the relative weight that the local government attaches to development-oriented programmes and policies. Constituted by one composite indicator, the DOI refers to local public expenditures for social services (e.g. education, health, nutrition) and economic services (e.g. water, infrastructure) • Development Expenditure Ratio Participatory Development Index (PDI) measures the degree of people’s participation in local decision-making processes. It underscores the importance of direct people’s participation and public consultation as a way to minimise the cost and the likelihood of erroneous or unfair public decisions as well as to promote transparency and accountability. It comprises four indicators: • Participation in Local Consultative Boards • Participation in Municipal Development Council • Barangay–Level Consultation Ratio • Attendance in Barangay Meetings Ratio Table 31: GOFORDEV Index pilot test results in the pilot areas of Bulacan and Davao del Norte, 2001-2002 Pilot Areas GOFORDEV Index Overall DEVELOPMENT NEEDS INDEX DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION INDEX PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT INDEX BULACAN Family Conditions Public Problem Day Care Health Service Drinking Water Total Development Expenditure Priorities School Board Local Dev. Council Brgy Consultation Angat 41 10 26 85 32 78 46 64 0 0 39 14 Baliwag 61 10 33 81 48 91 53 70 100 100 32 59 Guiguinto 68 19 52 83 51 54 52 94 100 100 20 58 SJDM City 52 25 33 70 50 85 53 26 100 100 74 77 Plaridel 47 23 49 90 52 77 58 59 0 0 76 23 Bustos 44 26 46 83 43 77 55 27 100 0 69 50 DAVAO DEL NORTE B.E. Dujali 79 12 58 99 93 57 64 78 100 100 89 95 Panabo City 58 10 29 95 15 79 46 56 100 100 61 71 IGACOS 60 4 57 94 77 54 57 28 100 100 99 96 Sto. Tomas 44 15 43 97 68 65 58 36 0 0 89 38 Tagum City 52 7 20 81 54 53 43 43 100 100 62 71 Asucion 57 12 32 98 73 52 53 29 100 100 88 Total Source: www.goodgovernance-bappenas.go.id/publikasi_CD/cd_indikator/referensi_cd_indikator/UNFOLDER/GOFORDEV_PJPA3__TRACKING_GO.PDF 122 UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
Coverage Following the pilot testing in twelve areas in Bulacan and Davao del Norte, the GOFORDEV Index was adopted in 41 municipalities across the country. Timeline Project initiated in 1999. Pilot testing in 2001-02. Implemented in 2003. Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty focus Not explicit. The Index has the broad aim of promoting local development and alleviating poverty, through good governance. While it assigns top priority to service delivery to the poor and other marginalized groups, especially through improved budgetary allocations, this is not clearly reflected in the selected indicators, the data and results, or the targeted respondents. Strengths • The GOFORDEV Index provide simple measures for local expenditure and citizens’ participation that can be used by local governments to better orient their activities. • The Index is particularly useful in its comparison of public service needs and budgetary spending, and can significantly influence policy. For example, the Municipality of Guiguinto used the results of the Index to realign their budgetary resources. From 2001 to 2002, there was a 47% increase in the budgetary allocation for social welfare services, a 44% increase in municipal aids (that include Barangay Development Fund, peace and order, fire protection, street lights), and a 29% increase for health services.The Index also served as an “eye opener” that made local officials more conscious about the needs of their constituents. Weaknesses The GOFORDEV Index requires a custom-made software to calculate scores, generate statistics and present results. Financial resources need to be committed by the local government both to buy the software and to train local government personnel in its use. Where to find it http://www.e-works.com.ph/pcps/gofordev.asp Contact details PCPS-Governance Project, Room 327 and 328, School of Economics Bldg., University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101. Tel.: +63-2 920-5457 or 927-9686 loc. 268, 269 or 259; Fax.: +63-2 920-5458. E-mail: pcps@i-manila.com.ph Supplementary tools/guidelines GOFRORDEV Index: Housing Survey Training Manual: http://www.e-works.com.ph/pcps/gofordev.asp GOFRORDEV Index: Public Presentation Training Manual: http://www.e-works.com.ph/pcps/gofordev.asp Governance Measure: An Index of Good Governance and Local Development: http://www.e-works.com.ph/pcps/measure_final.pdf Case Study in Malitbog: http://www.e-works.com.ph/pcps/casestudy.pdf A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local Governance 123
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A Users’ Guide to Measuring Local
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Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms
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Acknowledgements AUTHORS Alexandra
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Introduction This Guide is intended
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1 Assessments of Local Governance
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Decentralized governance for develo
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and local specificity. In order to
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A critical step in developing an as
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Box 5. Key phases in a governance a
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achieve the results. These can incl
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Gender-sensitivity in governance is
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1.11 Key contextual factors influen
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findings of the assessment in ways
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for union parishads (UPs) comprise
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Box 14. Short-, Medium- and Long-Te
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Voices from the Trenches 2 2.1 Choo
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governments, and representatives of
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the assessment - in terms of social
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Case Studies 3 The following four f
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Case Study 2: Moving from governmen
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Case Study 3: Balancing comparabili
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Case Study 4: Ensuring uptake of as
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References • Aberbach, J.D. and R
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Source Guide
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The summary matrix also indicates w
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Summary matrix: Main features of to
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Table 3: UGI sub-indices and indica
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Weaknesses • While the UGI helps
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Table 4: Local Governance Barometer
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Table 5: Scale to assess local gove
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Jean-Michel Dufils, PACT (Madagasca
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Table 6: Principles and indicators
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Where to find it The initiative is
Page 79 and 80: Table 7: Local Democracy Assessment
Page 81 and 82: Poverty focus Not explicit. The onl
Page 83 and 84: Local governance performance measur
Page 85 and 86: Europe. They have first been used i
Page 87 and 88: Table 9: Methodological Guidelines
Page 89 and 90: 7 Governance Index (Indonesia) Prod
Page 91 and 92: Table 12: Example of form for colle
Page 93 and 94: Where to find it The initiative is
Page 95 and 96: Table 15: MIDAMOS’s themes, indic
Page 97 and 98: Table 17: Grading System Qualificat
Page 99 and 100: Table 18: Framework of module on
Page 101 and 102: Key actors/stakeholders The initial
Page 103 and 104: Table 20: Indicators belonging to t
Page 105 and 106: y the State and the municipality as
Page 107 and 108: 11 Council of Europe’s Guide to D
Page 109 and 110: Table 25: Evaluation and comments f
Page 111 and 112: 12 Citizen Report Cards (CRC) Produ
Page 113 and 114: Box 5: Citizen Report Card applicat
Page 115 and 116: 13 Social Audit of Local Governance
Page 117 and 118: Box 7: Sample indicators for Social
Page 119 and 120: 14 Social Audit of Governance and D
Page 121 and 122: Box 8: Report extract - The Social
Page 123 and 124: Table 26: Themes and issues analyse
Page 125 and 126: 15 Local Governance Self-Assessment
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: EXAMPLES OF KEY ISSUES FR
Page 129: 16 Governance for Local Development
Page 133 and 134: Table 32: PBGS in Uganda, Tanzania
Page 135 and 136: Table 34: Nepal - Summary of the st
Page 137 and 138: Manual for assessment of Minimum Co
Page 139 and 140: Table 35: LGPMS - perfofrmance them
Page 141 and 142: Coverage The LGPMS was field-tested
Page 143 and 144: 19 Index of Responsibility, Transpa
Page 145 and 146: Gender focus Not explicit. Poverty
Page 147 and 148: Table 39: Dimensions for the standa
Page 149 and 150: 21 Local Integrity Initiative Produ
Page 151 and 152: Table 42: Integrity Indicator score
Page 153 and 154: Figure 6: 2008 Scorecard Summary: L
Page 155 and 156: Table 43: Two examples of questions
Page 157: Where to find it Users’ Guide & s
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