Cyclone and Storm Surge - Iczmpwb.org

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2.28 Administrative information Population Covers part of two districts – North 24 parganas (6 Developm Blocks) and South 24 parganas (13 Development Blocks). Cont 5 Sub-divisions, 19 Police Stations, 190 Gram Panchayats 1064 villages 37,55,924 (according to 2001 census) Islands Total - 102 Habitated - 54 Roads 6695 kms. – unmetalled 1884 kms. – metalled Wildlife sanctuary Sajnekhali sanctuary – 362 sq. km. Lothian Islands sanctuary – 38 sq. km. Halliday Islands sanctuary – 6 sq. km. Sundarban Tiger Project Sundarban National Park Important rivers Mangrove Predominant occupations 2600 sq. km. 1300 sq. km. Hooghly, Bidyadhari, Ichhamati, Jamuna, Saraswati, Kod Raimangal, Bidya, Thakuran, Herodanga, Hogol, Gos Muriganga Mangrove species and similar vegetation – 64 types Owners of agricultural lands, agricultural labourers, Collectio prawn seeds, Fishing in the estuaries 2.4.15. Sunderban enviro-scapes As such, Sundarbans has a long history geologically and ecologically. However, the relatively recent incursion of human intervention over the past 200 years or so has made this place environmentally fragile. This becomes especially important with the issue of survival of the people who dwell here in spite of all odds against natural events. The rising water levels in the tidal channels has to be fended
2.29 off by raising embankments, agriculture has to be done by keeping off brackish water from entering the fields, communication between different disjointed landmasses has to be done mostly by ferries and boats as bridges crossing over the tidal creeks are only on important routes. Nevertheless, certain areas have been developed to a good extent, which has given alternate means of livelihood to the people of the area. For example fisheries as an occupation have been taken up by many and is next to agriculture. Tourism at some places is being promoted. Nevertheless, for most of the areas here, the question of survival at the time of disasters like cyclones still looms large. Since the rise of the water levels in the rivers would expectedly be more, the embankments need to be raised and strengthened. They need to be protected, wherever possible, by mangrove plantations. Connectivity of communication routes need to be ascertained. Refuges need to be constructed at critical places for the people to take shelter at the time of a disaster. In order to find a solution to these aspects, a first hand understanding is necessary for the existing conditions. The images provided in the following pages provide a glimpse of the some of the regions and their conditions. Crossing over to Sagar islands at Hardwood Point Dwellings close to embankments Pitched embankments at Hardwood Point Embankment damaged due to wave action
Page 2 and 3: HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MITI
Page 4 and 5: Project Team Though the outcome of
Page 6 and 7: Preamble The State of West Bengal,
Page 8 and 9: 1.2 IMD, in its website (http://www
Page 10 and 11: 1.4 5. Proposals for location of cy
Page 12 and 13: 2.2 region is that which struck the
Page 14 and 15: 2.4 Figure 2-2. Track of the 1970 B
Page 16 and 17: 2.6 The most destructive element as
Page 18 and 19: 2.8 the two regions is rather diffe
Page 20 and 21: 2.10 2.4. The eastern coastal zone
Page 22 and 23: 2.12 velocity is first checked. As
Page 24 and 25: 2.14 Strong winds known as cyclones
Page 26 and 27: 2.16 2.4.6. Soil characteristics Th
Page 28 and 29: 2.18 All rivers have in general sou
Page 30 and 31: 2.20 Another interesting feature of
Page 32 and 33: 2.22 formed does not pose so much o
Page 34 and 35: 2.24 2.4.11. Forest composition The
Page 36 and 37: 2.26 Canning (Bidyadhari Outfall in
Page 40 and 41: 2.30 Mangrove plantation beyond the
Page 42 and 43: 2.32 A retired embankment of river
Page 44 and 45: 2.34 The beaches are flattened by s
Page 46 and 47: 2.36 of a doiminant tidalbasin of t
Page 48 and 49: 2.38 primary mode is centered on th
Page 50 and 51: 2.40 Aquaculture ponds located betw
Page 52 and 53: 2.42 All the islands are situated w
Page 54 and 55: 2.44 • Transport the water to the
Page 56 and 57: 2.46 The other type of failure may
Page 58 and 59: 2.48 channel floor, some of the riv
Page 60 and 61: 2.50 embankments. Crops and propert
Page 62 and 63: 2.52 2. To reduce the average dista
Page 64 and 65: 3.2 a storm surge caused by a tropi
Page 66 and 67: 3.4 these merchants may have been t
Page 68 and 69: 3.6 Figure 3-1. Map of India during
Page 70 and 71: 3.8 larger volume of sewage and dra
Page 72 and 73: 3.10 receive, at least during the r
Page 74 and 75: 3.12 3.9. Drainage scheme of Dr. B.
Page 76 and 77: 3.14 3.10. CMPO and KMDA (originall
Page 78 and 79: 3.16 Flows are diverted to the loca
Page 80 and 81: 3.18 the Bhangar region through the
Page 82 and 83: 3.20 the ocean level as a result of
Page 84 and 85: 3.22 Table 3-6. Major pumping stati
Page 86 and 87: 3.24 Table 3-9. Drainage basin area
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3.26 will lead to significant impro
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3.28 locks, one at Chitpur and anot
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3.30 Respectively. The discharge of
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3.32 Figure 3-6. The downstream of
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3.34 Figure 3-10 shows the tail end
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3.36
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3.38
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4.2 In US, there is a steady decrea
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4.4 This shows that Orissa (with 10
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4.6 30 25 20 15 10 Severe Cyclone C
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4.8 Table 3: Return periods of cycl
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4.10 Table 5: The number and return
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4.12 work station (the Automated Tr
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4.14 through this trough into the d
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4.16 Mean Low water 1.51 1.39 1.34
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4.18 τx,τy : x and y components o
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4.20 formulation. However, the rete
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4.22 ∂u ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ζ 1
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4.24 Δ p p(r) = p( ∞) − [1+ (r
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4.26 maximum surge for this event w
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4.28 U-Component of Velocity (Surfa
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4.30 ## ## ## #### ### ## ########
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4.32 V-component of Velocity (Surfa
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4.34 U-component of Velocity (Surfa
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## ################################
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4.38 V-Component of velocity (Surfa
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5.2 particular human settlement to
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5.4 The Composite Vulnerability Ind
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5.6 (2004 prices) prevalent in dist
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5.8 Moyna 0.6280 0.1592 0.542286 0.
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5.10 5.4.2. Social infrastructure H
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5.12 Budge-Budge(Part-II) 0.0000 0.
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5.14 secondary and tertiary activit
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5.16 F i Fˆ i ⎛ Total no. of =
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5.18 Table 5-4: Composite Index of
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5.20 M ′ = H M ′′ = I . S whe
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Chapter Six Mitigation Strategies a
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6.3 Beside these differences in lev
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6.5 • to reduce the destructive f
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6.7 6.2.4. Methods of Construction
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6.9 is attached to the structure. T
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6.11 (b) Medium rivers to armour th
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6.13 Likewise, in all the embankmen
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6.15 Figure 6 -5 Figure 6 -6 Figure
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6.17 Benefit cost ratio Area benefi
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6.19 Location and cost of proposed
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6.21 Swaraupnagar Swaraupnagar 100
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6.23 Gobadia Kakdwip Dk Kasiabad &
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6.25 Location and cost of proposed
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6.27 " Jagaddal " 800 6400000 " Jag
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6.29
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6.31
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6.33
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6.35 Figure 6 -11 Figure 6 -12
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6.37 Figure 6 -15 Figure 6 -16
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6.39 Figure 6 -19 6.2.7. Recommenda
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6.41 4. Rajraj Swarup & Ramnagar Ab
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6.43 project. Such sediment deficit
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6.45 paludosa, Rhizophora apiculata
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6.47 15. Ceriops tagal 0.22 0.40 0.
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6.49 shelterbelt (average 100 m wid
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6.51 (assuming land acquisition cos
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6.53 location are missing reducing
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7.2 resulted in large scale waterlo
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7.4 5. No adverse effect in drainin
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7.6 15 LT Panel L.S. 2,200,000 16 I
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7.8 Bagjola, Kestopur and SWF chann
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Executive Cost Summary of Recommend
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References Kanjilal (2005) “Sunde
Page 239:
“……………….Designingadis
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