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5.10 5.4.2. Social infrastructure Health and education facilities are the most important social infrastructure towards minimizing the indirect damage, beginning almost after the incidence of disaster and possibly extending into the rehabilitation period. Vulnerability of the health infrastructure is assessed at the CD block level by the degree of access its settlements has with respect to health care facilities (Primary Health Care center, Sub center, Health center or Hospital facilities). Higher the level of access, lesser is impediment in reducing the burden of disease after the disaster has taken place. Past records clearly show that diarrhoeal diseases claim too many precious human lives (mostly children from age group 0-10 and the aged population i.e. 60 + age group), which can be significantly reduced by preventive health care measures – and communities with poor health facilities just cannot do that. Existing educational facilities, apart from providing education, actively take part in imparting mass literacy and community awareness programs. Communities with better level of education infrastructure have greater probability of minimizing the impact of tropical cyclones due to increased awareness and community level initiatives. Moreover, communities with better educational facilities will have minimum disruption in education due to faster restoration of normalcy. Level of access to education facilities (primary school, intermediate school, secondary school and other higher educational institutions) will guide the vulnerability of the education infrastructure. ⎛ X ⎞ i Di = ⎜ Z ⎟ ⎝ i ⎠ ⎛ Y ⎞ i Ei = ⎜ Z ⎟ ⎝ i ⎠ where, X = Total no. of health care facilities in i th CD block Y = Total no. of education facilities in i th CD block i Z = Total no. of inhabited villages in i th CD block i i Dˆ i = D D max max − Di − D min ˆ E Ei = E max max − Ei − E min
5.11 Figure 5-2: Vulnerability mapping of the infrastructure in the coastal districts of West Bengal Composite Index of Vulnerability for Infrastructure (I) has also been estimated by taking individual indexes into consideration for both physical and social infrastructure [Refer Table 5-3 and Figure 5-3]. The functional form specified for aggregation is similar to the one used for estimating Composite Index of Vulnerability for Housing Stock [Refer Section 5.2.] ( Aˆ . Bˆ . Cˆ . Dˆ . Eˆ ) ⎛ Aˆ Bˆ Cˆ Dˆ Eˆ ⎞ I ⎜ i + i + i + i + i i = ⎟ i i i i i 5 + ⎝ ⎠ where, Aˆ = Normalised Vu ln erability Index of Road connectivity in i th CD block i Bˆ = Normalised Vu ln erability Index of Drinking water source in i th CD block i Cˆ = Normalised Vu ln erability Index of Sanitation facility in i th CD block i Dˆ = Normalised Vu ln erability Index of Health inf rastructure in i th CD block i Eˆ = Normalised Vu ln erability Index of Education Infrastructure in i th CD block i Table 5-3: Composite Vulnerability Index of Infrastructure in the coastal districts of West Bengal Sub-Div. C.D Block ( Â ) i ( Bˆ i ) ( Ĉ i ) ( Dˆ i ) ( i ) Alipore Sub Division Ê ( I ) i Thakurpukur- Maheshtala 0.8850 0.704 0.062 0.529 0.714 0.418 Bishnupur-I 0.7689 0.668 0.463 0.583 0.769 0.635 Bishnupur-II 0.6779 0.634 0.458 0.947 0.664 0.724 Budge-Budge(Part-I) 0.2707 0.950 0.469 0.504 0.280 0.503
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HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MITI
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Project Team Though the outcome of
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Preamble The State of West Bengal,
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1.2 IMD, in its website (http://www
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1.4 5. Proposals for location of cy
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2.2 region is that which struck the
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2.4 Figure 2-2. Track of the 1970 B
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2.6 The most destructive element as
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2.8 the two regions is rather diffe
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2.10 2.4. The eastern coastal zone
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2.12 velocity is first checked. As
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2.14 Strong winds known as cyclones
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2.16 2.4.6. Soil characteristics Th
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2.18 All rivers have in general sou
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2.20 Another interesting feature of
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2.22 formed does not pose so much o
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2.24 2.4.11. Forest composition The
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2.26 Canning (Bidyadhari Outfall in
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2.28 Administrative information Pop
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2.30 Mangrove plantation beyond the
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2.32 A retired embankment of river
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2.34 The beaches are flattened by s
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2.36 of a doiminant tidalbasin of t
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2.38 primary mode is centered on th
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2.40 Aquaculture ponds located betw
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2.42 All the islands are situated w
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2.44 • Transport the water to the
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2.46 The other type of failure may
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2.48 channel floor, some of the riv
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2.50 embankments. Crops and propert
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2.52 2. To reduce the average dista
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3.2 a storm surge caused by a tropi
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3.4 these merchants may have been t
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3.6 Figure 3-1. Map of India during
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3.8 larger volume of sewage and dra
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3.10 receive, at least during the r
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3.12 3.9. Drainage scheme of Dr. B.
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3.14 3.10. CMPO and KMDA (originall
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3.16 Flows are diverted to the loca
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3.18 the Bhangar region through the
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3.20 the ocean level as a result of
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3.22 Table 3-6. Major pumping stati
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3.24 Table 3-9. Drainage basin area
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3.26 will lead to significant impro
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3.28 locks, one at Chitpur and anot
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3.30 Respectively. The discharge of
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3.32 Figure 3-6. The downstream of
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3.34 Figure 3-10 shows the tail end
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6.39 Figure 6 -19 6.2.7. Recommenda
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6.41 4. Rajraj Swarup & Ramnagar Ab
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6.43 project. Such sediment deficit
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6.45 paludosa, Rhizophora apiculata
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6.47 15. Ceriops tagal 0.22 0.40 0.
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6.49 shelterbelt (average 100 m wid
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6.51 (assuming land acquisition cos
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6.53 location are missing reducing
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7.2 resulted in large scale waterlo
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7.4 5. No adverse effect in drainin
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7.6 15 LT Panel L.S. 2,200,000 16 I
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7.8 Bagjola, Kestopur and SWF chann
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Executive Cost Summary of Recommend
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References Kanjilal (2005) “Sunde
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“……………….Designingadis
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