Cyclone and Storm Surge - Iczmpwb.org

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5.2 particular human settlement to a particular hazard should address its level of vulnerability with respect to each of the following aspect: a) Housing Stock b) Local economy c) Physical and Social Infrastructure d) Incidence of loss on various socio-economic groups e) Human Mortality and Morbidity The ‘Degree of Vulnerability’ of any system or its components can only be assessed through contemplating its performance under hypothetical hazard scenario with varying intensity. The study area lies within the Very High Damage Risk Zone delineated by the Vulnerability Atlas prepared by BMTPC, indicating that Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of 50 years for wind gusts having speed more than 198 kmph (at the height of 10 m from the surface for more than 3 seconds). It also indicates same ARI for storm surge height coupled with tidal fluctuation of 12.5 m height on the South 24-parganas coast and 12.0 m height on the East Midnapore coast. For the vulnerability assessment this hypothetical hazard scenario has been adopted, however, in some blocks, the level of hazard is expected to be far worse than this assumed intensity and periodicity. In the following sections, each aspect of vulnerability will be discussed along with comparative assessment at CD block level for the coastal districts of West Bengal. 5.2. Assessment of Housing Stock Damage done to the human shelter is one of the most significant consequences of tropical cyclone. The wind pressures and suction effect on housing structures due to high velocity of wind can be sufficient to lift them off and fly away – known as aerofoil effects. The main destruction due to high wind velocities occurs in the traditional non-engineered buildings using local clay, adobe or agrobased materials. The engineered buildings also suffer huge damage unless appropriate precautions are taken into consideration during building construction. Apart from these, substantial non-structural damage occurs to doors and windows, cladding, wall panels etc in heavy engineered construct due to wind gust. On the other hand, tropical cyclones are always accompanied with heavy precipitation resulting in huge surface run-off from the catchment basin to the drainage channels. Combined with the storm surge these results in inundation and flooding. Damage to the housing stock depends on the water
5.3 level and the period of inundation. Houses with low plinth heights and temporary wall materials are subjected to significant damage. However, it should be noted that damage due to inundation also depends on whether tropical cyclone has taken place pre-monsoon or post monsoon. The values of the Vulnerability Index (A) for Housing Stock from Cyclonic effects has been calculated by taking into account the share of houses having temporary roof material. Similarly, values of the Vulnerability Index (B) for Housing Stock from Inundation have been calculated by taking into account the share of houses having temporary wall material. Both indexes has been normalized for better interpretation in the way mentioned following. No. of houses with temporary roof material in ith CD block Ai = Total no. of houses in ith CD block Aˆ = i H i Ai − A A − A max min Bi B Bˆ − i = B − B min No. of houses with temporary wall material in ith CD block Bi = Total no. of houses in ith CD block max min min ⎛ Aˆ i Bˆ ⎞ ⎜ + i = ⎟ + 2 ⎝ ⎠ ( Aˆ . Bˆ ) i i Figure 5-1: Vulnerability mapping of the housing stock in the coastal districts of West Bengal
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HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MITI
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Project Team Though the outcome of
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Preamble The State of West Bengal,
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1.2 IMD, in its website (http://www
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1.4 5. Proposals for location of cy
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2.2 region is that which struck the
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2.4 Figure 2-2. Track of the 1970 B
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2.6 The most destructive element as
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2.8 the two regions is rather diffe
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2.10 2.4. The eastern coastal zone
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2.12 velocity is first checked. As
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2.14 Strong winds known as cyclones
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2.16 2.4.6. Soil characteristics Th
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2.18 All rivers have in general sou
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2.20 Another interesting feature of
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2.22 formed does not pose so much o
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2.24 2.4.11. Forest composition The
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2.26 Canning (Bidyadhari Outfall in
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2.28 Administrative information Pop
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2.30 Mangrove plantation beyond the
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2.32 A retired embankment of river
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2.34 The beaches are flattened by s
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2.36 of a doiminant tidalbasin of t
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2.38 primary mode is centered on th
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2.40 Aquaculture ponds located betw
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2.42 All the islands are situated w
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2.44 • Transport the water to the
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2.46 The other type of failure may
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2.48 channel floor, some of the riv
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2.50 embankments. Crops and propert
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2.52 2. To reduce the average dista
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3.2 a storm surge caused by a tropi
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3.4 these merchants may have been t
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3.6 Figure 3-1. Map of India during
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3.8 larger volume of sewage and dra
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3.10 receive, at least during the r
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3.12 3.9. Drainage scheme of Dr. B.
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3.14 3.10. CMPO and KMDA (originall
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3.16 Flows are diverted to the loca
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3.18 the Bhangar region through the
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3.20 the ocean level as a result of
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3.22 Table 3-6. Major pumping stati
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3.24 Table 3-9. Drainage basin area
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3.26 will lead to significant impro
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Page 92 and 93: 3.30 Respectively. The discharge of
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Page 96 and 97: 3.34 Figure 3-10 shows the tail end
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Page 108 and 109: 4.8 Table 3: Return periods of cycl
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Page 112 and 113: 4.12 work station (the Automated Tr
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Page 116 and 117: 4.16 Mean Low water 1.51 1.39 1.34
Page 118 and 119: 4.18 τx,τy : x and y components o
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Page 122 and 123: 4.22 ∂u ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ζ 1
Page 124 and 125: 4.24 Δ p p(r) = p( ∞) − [1+ (r
Page 126 and 127: 4.26 maximum surge for this event w
Page 128 and 129: 4.28 U-Component of Velocity (Surfa
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Page 132 and 133: 4.32 V-component of Velocity (Surfa
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Page 138 and 139: 4.38 V-Component of velocity (Surfa
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6.31
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6.33
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6.35 Figure 6 -11 Figure 6 -12
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6.37 Figure 6 -15 Figure 6 -16
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6.39 Figure 6 -19 6.2.7. Recommenda
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6.41 4. Rajraj Swarup & Ramnagar Ab
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6.43 project. Such sediment deficit
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6.45 paludosa, Rhizophora apiculata
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6.47 15. Ceriops tagal 0.22 0.40 0.
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6.49 shelterbelt (average 100 m wid
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6.51 (assuming land acquisition cos
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6.53 location are missing reducing
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7.2 resulted in large scale waterlo
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7.4 5. No adverse effect in drainin
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7.6 15 LT Panel L.S. 2,200,000 16 I
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7.8 Bagjola, Kestopur and SWF chann
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Executive Cost Summary of Recommend
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References Kanjilal (2005) “Sunde
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“……………….Designingadis
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