Cyclone and Storm Surge - Iczmpwb.org

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2.2 region is that which struck the south eastern coast of present Bangladesh in November 1970, just a few months ahead of the foundation of the country. The extent of devastation had been huge – reportedly 5,00,000 dead and 1,00,000 missing thus distinguishing it to be one of the worst natural disasters of modern times. A perusal of the storm track indicates that it had moved uncannily close to the shores of West Bengal, and one may imagine the grave consequences had the path been just deviated to make a landfall here. The next two severe cyclones, however, have luckily spared West Bengal – the first one being the 1991 cyclone that made landfall at Chittagong in Bangladesh and the second being the 1999 Orissa cyclone that hit Paradeep port badly. In either case, much of the deaths were by flooding caused by the torrential rains generated as a consequence of the storm. Figure 2-1. Tracks of all the major tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal since 1970
2.3 Tracks of cyclones from 1970 till date, plotted on a map of the Indian Ocean, is available from the web-site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone and has been reproduced in Figure 2-1. It may be noted that the strength of the cyclones shown in the map have been categorised according to the Saffir-Simpson scale, which is described briefly in Table 1. The authors of this report are greatly thankful to user Nilfanion of Wikipedia for the image provided in the web-site. The tracking data used is from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, which is a joint United States Navy–United States Air Force task force located at Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA. Table 2-1. Strength of tropical cyclones classified according to the Saffir –Simpson scale Category Wind speed (km per hour) 5 ≥250 4 210–249 3 178–209 2 154–177 1 119–153 Tropical storm 63–117 Tropical depression 0–62 Some of the other important tracks, posted in the Wikipedia website under the topic of tropical cyclones (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone) are given in Figures 2-2 to 2-4.
Page 2 and 3: HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MITI
Page 4 and 5: Project Team Though the outcome of
Page 6 and 7: Preamble The State of West Bengal,
Page 8 and 9: 1.2 IMD, in its website (http://www
Page 10 and 11: 1.4 5. Proposals for location of cy
Page 14 and 15: 2.4 Figure 2-2. Track of the 1970 B
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Page 22 and 23: 2.12 velocity is first checked. As
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Page 28 and 29: 2.18 All rivers have in general sou
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Page 40 and 41: 2.30 Mangrove plantation beyond the
Page 42 and 43: 2.32 A retired embankment of river
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Page 54 and 55: 2.44 • Transport the water to the
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2.52 2. To reduce the average dista
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3.2 a storm surge caused by a tropi
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3.4 these merchants may have been t
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3.6 Figure 3-1. Map of India during
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3.8 larger volume of sewage and dra
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3.10 receive, at least during the r
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3.12 3.9. Drainage scheme of Dr. B.
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3.14 3.10. CMPO and KMDA (originall
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3.16 Flows are diverted to the loca
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3.18 the Bhangar region through the
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3.20 the ocean level as a result of
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3.22 Table 3-6. Major pumping stati
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3.24 Table 3-9. Drainage basin area
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3.26 will lead to significant impro
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3.28 locks, one at Chitpur and anot
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3.30 Respectively. The discharge of
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3.32 Figure 3-6. The downstream of
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3.34 Figure 3-10 shows the tail end
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3.36
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3.38
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4.2 In US, there is a steady decrea
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4.4 This shows that Orissa (with 10
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4.6 30 25 20 15 10 Severe Cyclone C
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4.8 Table 3: Return periods of cycl
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4.10 Table 5: The number and return
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4.12 work station (the Automated Tr
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4.14 through this trough into the d
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4.16 Mean Low water 1.51 1.39 1.34
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4.18 τx,τy : x and y components o
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4.20 formulation. However, the rete
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4.22 ∂u ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ζ 1
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4.24 Δ p p(r) = p( ∞) − [1+ (r
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4.26 maximum surge for this event w
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4.28 U-Component of Velocity (Surfa
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4.30 ## ## ## #### ### ## ########
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4.32 V-component of Velocity (Surfa
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4.34 U-component of Velocity (Surfa
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## ################################
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4.38 V-Component of velocity (Surfa
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5.2 particular human settlement to
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5.4 The Composite Vulnerability Ind
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5.6 (2004 prices) prevalent in dist
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5.8 Moyna 0.6280 0.1592 0.542286 0.
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5.10 5.4.2. Social infrastructure H
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5.12 Budge-Budge(Part-II) 0.0000 0.
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5.14 secondary and tertiary activit
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5.16 F i Fˆ i ⎛ Total no. of =
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5.18 Table 5-4: Composite Index of
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5.20 M ′ = H M ′′ = I . S whe
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Chapter Six Mitigation Strategies a
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6.3 Beside these differences in lev
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6.5 • to reduce the destructive f
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6.7 6.2.4. Methods of Construction
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6.9 is attached to the structure. T
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6.11 (b) Medium rivers to armour th
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6.13 Likewise, in all the embankmen
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6.15 Figure 6 -5 Figure 6 -6 Figure
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6.17 Benefit cost ratio Area benefi
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6.19 Location and cost of proposed
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6.21 Swaraupnagar Swaraupnagar 100
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6.23 Gobadia Kakdwip Dk Kasiabad &
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6.25 Location and cost of proposed
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6.27 " Jagaddal " 800 6400000 " Jag
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6.29
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6.31
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6.33
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6.35 Figure 6 -11 Figure 6 -12
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6.37 Figure 6 -15 Figure 6 -16
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6.39 Figure 6 -19 6.2.7. Recommenda
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6.41 4. Rajraj Swarup & Ramnagar Ab
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6.43 project. Such sediment deficit
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6.45 paludosa, Rhizophora apiculata
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6.47 15. Ceriops tagal 0.22 0.40 0.
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6.49 shelterbelt (average 100 m wid
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6.51 (assuming land acquisition cos
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6.53 location are missing reducing
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7.2 resulted in large scale waterlo
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7.4 5. No adverse effect in drainin
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7.6 15 LT Panel L.S. 2,200,000 16 I
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7.8 Bagjola, Kestopur and SWF chann
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Executive Cost Summary of Recommend
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References Kanjilal (2005) “Sunde
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“……………….Designingadis
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