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4.20 formulation. However, the retention in (9) of terms such as ( u 2 , u 2 ) leads to a fundamental difficulty as they can not be evaluated within the framework of a vertically integrated model. In many well - documented applications of non-linear vertically integrated equations (8) to (10), it is usual to make assumptions typified by: 2 2 ( u − u ) = 0 , 2 2 ( v − v ) = 0 , (14) ( uv − uv ) = 0 u and v This is equivalent to saying that the currents do not vary significantly in the vertical and the flow is dominated by the midstream flow. The validity of the assumption (14) has been demonstrated by Nihoul (1975) and Johns (1981). In the latter work it has been found that 2 2 ( u / u )
4.21 G B 2 2 = - 5 c f F S + c f ρv( u + v ) 2 2 1 (17) It may appear surprising that the surface stress is also included in (17). This is because sea -bed friction is largely determined by the current profile above the sea-bed which, in turn, is dependent on the vertical gradient of the current near the surface. However, substituting the values from (14) and (16) into the equations (9) and (10), we get (the over bars have been dropped for convenience) ∂u ∂t ∂u ∂u ∂ζ 1 ∂p u + v −f v = −g − ∂x ∂y ∂x ρ ∂x 1 ⎡FS + ⎢ −c ( ζ + h) ⎣ ρ 1 2 2 ⎤ u( u + v ) ⎥ ⎦ a + f 2 (18) ∂v ∂t ∂v ∂v ∂ζ 1 ∂p u + v + f u = −g − ∂x ∂y ∂y ρ ∂y 1 ⎡GS + ⎢ −c ( ζ + h) ⎣ ρ 1 2 2 ⎤ v( u + v ) ⎥ ⎦ a + f 2 (19) For numerical treatment, it is convenient to express equations (18) and (19) in flux form as ∂ ∂t ∂ ∂ [ ( ζ + h) u] + [( ζ + h) uu] + [( ζ + h) uv] − f ( ζ + h) v = ∂x ∂y ∂ζ 1 ∂ p 1 a F S 2 2 - g ( ζ + h) − ( ζ + h) + − c f u ( u + v ) 2 ∂x ρ ∂x ρ (20) ∂ ∂t ∂ ∂ [ ( ζ + h) v]+ [( ζ + h) uv]+ [( ζ + h) vv]+ f ( ζ + h) u = ∂x ∂y ∂ζ 1 ∂ p 1 a GS 2 2 − g ( ζ + h) − ( ζ + h) + − c v ( u + v ) 2 f ∂y ρ ∂y ρ (21) The equations (8), (20) and (21) can be written for the sake of simplicity as ∂ζ ∂u~ ∂v~ + + = 0 ∂t ∂x ∂y (22)
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HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MITI
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Project Team Though the outcome of
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Preamble The State of West Bengal,
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1.2 IMD, in its website (http://www
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1.4 5. Proposals for location of cy
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2.2 region is that which struck the
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2.4 Figure 2-2. Track of the 1970 B
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2.6 The most destructive element as
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2.8 the two regions is rather diffe
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2.10 2.4. The eastern coastal zone
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2.12 velocity is first checked. As
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2.14 Strong winds known as cyclones
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2.16 2.4.6. Soil characteristics Th
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2.18 All rivers have in general sou
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2.20 Another interesting feature of
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2.22 formed does not pose so much o
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2.24 2.4.11. Forest composition The
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2.26 Canning (Bidyadhari Outfall in
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2.28 Administrative information Pop
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2.30 Mangrove plantation beyond the
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2.32 A retired embankment of river
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2.34 The beaches are flattened by s
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2.36 of a doiminant tidalbasin of t
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2.38 primary mode is centered on th
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2.40 Aquaculture ponds located betw
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2.42 All the islands are situated w
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2.44 • Transport the water to the
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2.46 The other type of failure may
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2.48 channel floor, some of the riv
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2.50 embankments. Crops and propert
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2.52 2. To reduce the average dista
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3.2 a storm surge caused by a tropi
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3.4 these merchants may have been t
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3.6 Figure 3-1. Map of India during
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Page 74 and 75: 3.12 3.9. Drainage scheme of Dr. B.
Page 76 and 77: 3.14 3.10. CMPO and KMDA (originall
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Page 92 and 93: 3.30 Respectively. The discharge of
Page 94 and 95: 3.32 Figure 3-6. The downstream of
Page 96 and 97: 3.34 Figure 3-10 shows the tail end
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Page 108 and 109: 4.8 Table 3: Return periods of cycl
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Page 112 and 113: 4.12 work station (the Automated Tr
Page 114 and 115: 4.14 through this trough into the d
Page 116 and 117: 4.16 Mean Low water 1.51 1.39 1.34
Page 118 and 119: 4.18 τx,τy : x and y components o
Page 122 and 123: 4.22 ∂u ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ ~ ~ ∂ζ 1
Page 124 and 125: 4.24 Δ p p(r) = p( ∞) − [1+ (r
Page 126 and 127: 4.26 maximum surge for this event w
Page 128 and 129: 4.28 U-Component of Velocity (Surfa
Page 130 and 131: 4.30 ## ## ## #### ### ## ########
Page 132 and 133: 4.32 V-component of Velocity (Surfa
Page 134 and 135: 4.34 U-component of Velocity (Surfa
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Page 138 and 139: 4.38 V-Component of velocity (Surfa
Page 140 and 141: 5.2 particular human settlement to
Page 142 and 143: 5.4 The Composite Vulnerability Ind
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6.11 (b) Medium rivers to armour th
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6.13 Likewise, in all the embankmen
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6.15 Figure 6 -5 Figure 6 -6 Figure
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6.17 Benefit cost ratio Area benefi
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6.19 Location and cost of proposed
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6.21 Swaraupnagar Swaraupnagar 100
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6.23 Gobadia Kakdwip Dk Kasiabad &
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6.25 Location and cost of proposed
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6.27 " Jagaddal " 800 6400000 " Jag
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6.29
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6.31
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6.33
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6.35 Figure 6 -11 Figure 6 -12
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6.37 Figure 6 -15 Figure 6 -16
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6.39 Figure 6 -19 6.2.7. Recommenda
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6.41 4. Rajraj Swarup & Ramnagar Ab
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6.43 project. Such sediment deficit
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6.45 paludosa, Rhizophora apiculata
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6.47 15. Ceriops tagal 0.22 0.40 0.
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6.49 shelterbelt (average 100 m wid
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6.51 (assuming land acquisition cos
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6.53 location are missing reducing
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7.2 resulted in large scale waterlo
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7.4 5. No adverse effect in drainin
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7.6 15 LT Panel L.S. 2,200,000 16 I
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7.8 Bagjola, Kestopur and SWF chann
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Executive Cost Summary of Recommend
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References Kanjilal (2005) “Sunde
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“……………….Designingadis
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