The Archaeology of Britain: An introduction from ... - waughfamily.ca

The Archaeology of Britain: An introduction from ... - waughfamily.ca The Archaeology of Britain: An introduction from ... - waughfamily.ca

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Figures 1.1 The recording of military monuments 2 1.2 Aerial photography as a major factor in increasing the number of known sites 4 1.3 The development of urban archaeology 7 2.1 Comparison of ice accumulation rates and palaeotemperature 15 2.2 Creswellian artefacts from Three Holes Cave, Devon 16 2.3 Distribution of Creswellian findspots 17 2.4 Reindeer baton from Gough’s Cave 20 2.5 Cut-marks on a human lower jaw bone from Gough’s Cave 22 2.6 A horse’s head engraved on a rib fragment from Robin Hood Cave 23 2.7 Final Upper Palaeolithic artefacts 25 2.8 Distribution of Final Upper Palaeolithic penknife point findspots 27 2.9 Final Upper Palaeolithic ‘long blade’ artefacts from Scatter ‘A’, Three Ways Wharf 30 2.10 Distribution of Final Upper Palaeolithic ‘long blade’ findspots with bruised blades 31 2.11 Engraved horse mandible from Kendrick’s Cave 32 3.1 Location of Mesolithic sites mentioned in text 35 3.2 Pollen diagram from Star Carr illustrating changing vegetation 36 3.3 Changes in sea-level of the North Sea in the Early Holocene 37 3.4 Chipped stone artefacts from Star Carr and Kinloch, Rum 39–40 3.5 Organic and coarse stone artefacts from Mesolithic sites 41 3.6 Non-utilitarian artefacts from Mesolithic sites 42 3.7 Excavations at Farm Fields, Rum 47 3.8 Excavations at Gleann Mor, Islay 48 3.9 Excavations of the hut at Mount Sandel 49 4.1 Reconstruction of one of the phases of occupation at Loch Olabhat, North Uist 64 4.2 The primary burials in the Radley oval barrow, Oxfordshire 66 4.3 The chambers of the West Kennet long barrow, Wiltshire 68 4.4 Reconstructions of two phases of the Street House long barrow, Cleveland 69 4.5 Excavation of bone deposits at Windmill Hill 70 4.6 The Dorset Cursus on Bottlebush Down, seen from the air 71 4.7 Excavations on Site IV within the henge at Mount Pleasant, Dorset 73 5.1 Metalwork chronologies for the Earlier Bronze Age 79 5.2 An unprovenanced bronze flat axe with geometric incised decoration 80

• viii • Figures 5.3 Ceramic chronologies for the Late Neolithic, Early and Middle Bronze Ages 81 5.4 A beaker and associated non-perishable grave goods from the Green Low round barrow in Derbyshire 82 5.5 Styles of Early Bronze Age storage pots used as cremation containers 83 5.6 Assemblage variation within the Trevisker series 84 5.7 Early Bronze Age house plans from the Western Isles 85 5.8 Different types of round barrows on Normanton Down, Wiltshire 86 5.9 The sequence of funerary events at Hemp Knoll barrow, Wiltshire 87 5.10 The triple-ditched barrow at Irthlingborough, Raunds 88 6.1 Examples of bronzes of the Wilburton assemblage 97 6.2 Examples of bronzes of the Ewart Park assemblage 98 6.3 Deverel-Rimbury pottery 99 6.4 Pottery of the Post-Deverel-Rimbury undecorated phase 100 6.5 Simplified plans of Mucking North Ring and Lofts Farm 100 6.6 Plan of Black Patch Bronze Age settlement 101 6.7 Simplified plan of Bronze Age land divisions on Dartmoor 102 6.8 The Dover Bronze Age boat during excavation 104 7.1 Selected Iron Age brooch types 114 7.2 Different types of circular structures 116 7.3 Rectilinear and curvilinear settlement enclosures 118 7.4 Open and aggregated settlement plans 119 7.5 Danebury in its early and developed stages 121 7.6 Plans of territorial oppida 122 7.7 Plans of Iron Age shrines and sacred enclosures 123 7.8 Grave plans from Wetwang Slack and Westhampnett 124 7.9 Selected iron tools 126 7.10 Selected Iron Age pottery 127 7.11 Inscribed Iron Age coins 129 8.1 Tombstone of Tadius Exuperatus 138 8.2 Aerial photograph of the fort, annexe and temporary camps at Malling 139 8.3 Distribution of first-century AD Roman forts in Britain 140 8.4 Site plans: fortresses 142 8.5 Site plans: forts 144 8.6 Site plans: fortlet and towers 145 8.7 Ardoch fort, Perthshire 146 8.8 Aerial photograph of the fort and vicus at Old Carlisle, Cumbria 148 8.9 Plan of the Gask frontier 150 8.10 Frontiers across the Tyne—Solway and Forth—Clyde 151 8.11 Distribution of Saxon Shore forts and late Roman forts and coastal watchtowers 154 9.1 Comparative distribution of civilian towns and long-term military sites in Roman Britain 158 9.2 Plan of the civitas-capital at Silchester, Hampshire 161 9.3 Public buildings at Silchester 162 9.4 Plan of a ‘small’ town, Water Newton, Cambridgeshire 163 9.5 Plans showing the development of the Gorhambury villa 165 9.6 Settlement and landscape of the Roman period around Chalton, Hampshire 166 9.7 Plan of temple and associated buildings at Uley, Gloucestershire 167

• viii • Figures<br />

5.3 Ceramic chronologies for the Late Neolithic, Early and Middle Bronze Ages 81<br />

5.4 A beaker and associated non-perishable grave goods <strong>from</strong> the Green Low<br />

round barrow in Derbyshire 82<br />

5.5 Styles <strong>of</strong> Early Bronze Age storage pots used as cremation containers 83<br />

5.6 Assemblage variation within the Trevisker series 84<br />

5.7 Early Bronze Age house plans <strong>from</strong> the Western Isles 85<br />

5.8 Different types <strong>of</strong> round barrows on Normanton Down, Wiltshire 86<br />

5.9 <strong>The</strong> sequence <strong>of</strong> funerary events at Hemp Knoll barrow, Wiltshire 87<br />

5.10 <strong>The</strong> triple-ditched barrow at Irthlingborough, Raunds 88<br />

6.1 Examples <strong>of</strong> bronzes <strong>of</strong> the Wilburton assemblage 97<br />

6.2 Examples <strong>of</strong> bronzes <strong>of</strong> the Ewart Park assemblage 98<br />

6.3 Deverel-Rimbury pottery 99<br />

6.4 Pottery <strong>of</strong> the Post-Deverel-Rimbury undecorated phase 100<br />

6.5 Simplified plans <strong>of</strong> Mucking North Ring and L<strong>of</strong>ts Farm 100<br />

6.6 Plan <strong>of</strong> Black Patch Bronze Age settlement 101<br />

6.7 Simplified plan <strong>of</strong> Bronze Age land divisions on Dartmoor 102<br />

6.8 <strong>The</strong> Dover Bronze Age boat during ex<strong>ca</strong>vation 104<br />

7.1 Selected Iron Age brooch types 114<br />

7.2 Different types <strong>of</strong> circular structures 116<br />

7.3 Rectilinear and curvilinear settlement enclosures 118<br />

7.4 Open and aggregated settlement plans 119<br />

7.5 Danebury in its early and developed stages 121<br />

7.6 Plans <strong>of</strong> territorial oppida 122<br />

7.7 Plans <strong>of</strong> Iron Age shrines and sacred enclosures 123<br />

7.8 Grave plans <strong>from</strong> Wetwang Slack and Westhampnett 124<br />

7.9 Selected iron tools 126<br />

7.10 Selected Iron Age pottery 127<br />

7.11 Inscribed Iron Age coins 129<br />

8.1 Tombstone <strong>of</strong> Tadius Exuperatus 138<br />

8.2 Aerial photograph <strong>of</strong> the fort, annexe and temporary <strong>ca</strong>mps at Malling 139<br />

8.3 Distribution <strong>of</strong> first-century AD Roman forts in <strong>Britain</strong> 140<br />

8.4 Site plans: fortresses 142<br />

8.5 Site plans: forts 144<br />

8.6 Site plans: fortlet and towers 145<br />

8.7 Ardoch fort, Perthshire 146<br />

8.8 Aerial photograph <strong>of</strong> the fort and vicus at Old Carlisle, Cumbria 148<br />

8.9 Plan <strong>of</strong> the Gask frontier 150<br />

8.10 Frontiers across the Tyne—Solway and Forth—Clyde 151<br />

8.11 Distribution <strong>of</strong> Saxon Shore forts and late Roman forts and coastal<br />

watchtowers 154<br />

9.1 Comparative distribution <strong>of</strong> civilian towns and long-term military sites<br />

in Roman <strong>Britain</strong> 158<br />

9.2 Plan <strong>of</strong> the civitas-<strong>ca</strong>pital at Silchester, Hampshire 161<br />

9.3 Public buildings at Silchester 162<br />

9.4 Plan <strong>of</strong> a ‘small’ town, Water Newton, Cambridgeshire 163<br />

9.5 Plans showing the development <strong>of</strong> the Gorhambury villa 165<br />

9.6 Settlement and lands<strong>ca</strong>pe <strong>of</strong> the Roman period around Chalton, Hampshire 166<br />

9.7 Plan <strong>of</strong> temple and associated buildings at Uley, Gloucestershire 167

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