Haplogroup R1b (Atlantic Modal Haplotype) - waughfamily.ca
Haplogroup R1b (Atlantic Modal Haplotype) - waughfamily.ca
Haplogroup R1b (Atlantic Modal Haplotype) - waughfamily.ca
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<strong>Haplogroup</strong> <strong>R1b</strong> (<strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong>)<br />
The <strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong> is the most common variation of <strong>R1b</strong>. It is defined by the<br />
six basic marker values below.<br />
(DYS # 19/388/390/391/392/393)<br />
14-12-24-11-13-13<br />
This and related <strong>R1b</strong> haplotypes originated in Europe during the Paleolithic. During the Ice Age,<br />
the <strong>ca</strong>rriers of <strong>R1b</strong> wintered in the Pyrenees. When the Ice Age ended, these <strong>ca</strong>rriers radiated across<br />
Western Europe. They be<strong>ca</strong>me the pre-Roman population of Spain, France, the British Isles, and large<br />
portions of the Rhineland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Switzerland and Northern Italy.<br />
Although the Celtic language itself has roots in Asia, the indigenous people of Western Europe<br />
be<strong>ca</strong>me its primary speakers. They comprised the largest proportion of those people we know from<br />
history<br />
as "Celtic", and remain so today. Traditional areas of Celtic settlement are Ireland, Wales, Scotland,<br />
Cornwall, Brittany, and Galicia in Northern Spain. Celtic culture is epitomized archaeologi<strong>ca</strong>lly by the<br />
La Tene<br />
settlement, which existed near Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland during the Iron Age.<br />
The Paleolithic population of Europe also be<strong>ca</strong>me one of the earliest components of the Spanish,<br />
Italian and German peoples, and were among the first speakers of the the Romance languages and the<br />
Teutonic languages, even though the Indo-European source of these languages, too, lay elsewhere.<br />
The Basques, who are perhaps the purest "Paleolithic" population in Europe, do not speak a<br />
Celtic language and are not Celts, even though they are ancestrally related to those who are.<br />
<strong>R1b</strong> does not mean "Celtic". And, even though <strong>R1b</strong> is found everywhere in Western Europe,<br />
no country in Western Europe is entirely <strong>R1b</strong>, or has been so for a very long time.
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The Chart Above Shows The Distribution of <strong>R1b</strong> (alias HG1) In Green<br />
<strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong> #13<br />
The most common variant of the <strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong> in the YHRD database has DYS389i,ii<br />
values<br />
of 13 and 29, and DYS385a,b values of 11 and 14. The haplotype below differs only by one step<br />
upward<br />
on the DYS389ii marker.<br />
Of the top ten frequencies, all have a European origin, but only six <strong>ca</strong>n be traced to identifiable<br />
European lo<strong>ca</strong>tions. The top frequency falls among the Basques, and the second highest falls among the<br />
Cajuns of Louisiana, who are descended mostly from the people of Northwest France - such as those of<br />
Saintonge, Poitou, Brittany and Normandy. The next four highest European frequencies include<br />
two areas in Norway, Dresden in East Germany, and Zaragoza, which was at one time occupied
3 of 6<br />
by the Normans.<br />
Of the next ten frequencies, three occur in samples of Iberian origin, two appear in S<strong>ca</strong>ndinavia,<br />
and one each occurs in Western Germany and the Netherlands.<br />
This haplotype may indi<strong>ca</strong>te a "Celtic" origin in persons of British descent, but the numbers<br />
clearly suggest that it might also have originated with the Vikings.<br />
19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b<br />
14 13 30 24 11 13 13 11 14<br />
Geographi<strong>ca</strong>l Lo<strong>ca</strong>le<br />
%<br />
Pennsylvania [Afri<strong>ca</strong>n-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 6.98<br />
Louisiana [Afri<strong>ca</strong>n-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 6.89<br />
Northern Spain [Basque] 4.76<br />
Cajun [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 4.55<br />
Dresden, Saxony 4.41<br />
Southern Norway 4.00<br />
Missouri [Afri<strong>ca</strong>n-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 3.57<br />
Zaragoza, Aragon 3.33<br />
Maryland [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 3.13<br />
Western Norway 3.13<br />
Cordoba, Argentina 3.00<br />
Indiana [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 2.94<br />
Oregon [Hispanic-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 2.85<br />
Ostergotland Jonkoping, Sweden 2.38<br />
Netherlands 2.29<br />
Northern Norway 2.22<br />
Florida [Afri<strong>ca</strong>n-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 2.08<br />
New York City [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.94<br />
Connecticut [Hispanic-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.92<br />
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate 1.92<br />
Paris, France 1.83<br />
Barcelona, Catalonia 1.79<br />
Lombardy, Northern Italy 1.65<br />
Bolivia [Bolivian Amerindians] 1.64<br />
Virginia [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.64<br />
London, England 1.62<br />
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt 1.41<br />
Sao Paulo, Brazil [Europeans] 1.34<br />
Buenos Aires, Argentina [Europeans] 1.33<br />
Texas [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.28<br />
Emilia Romagna, Central Italy 1.12<br />
Central Portugal 1.08
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Leiden, Western Netherlands 1.04<br />
Cantabria, Northern Spain .99<br />
Rostock, Mecklenburg .98<br />
Brussels, Belgium .80<br />
Sweden .74<br />
Bogota, Colombia` .68<br />
Andulacia, Southern Spain .61<br />
Gdansk, Northern Poland .55<br />
Freiburg, Baden-Wurttemburg .46<br />
Tus<strong>ca</strong>ny, Central Italy .46<br />
Munich, Bavaria .39<br />
Berlin, Brandenburg .36<br />
Antioqua, Northern Spain .25<br />
Chemnitz, Saxony .24<br />
Leipzig, Saxony .15<br />
<strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong> #14<br />
This haplotype exhibits its highest frequencies in Iberia, Italy and the Netherlands. The Dutch lo<strong>ca</strong>les<br />
fall close to the Flemish areas of Europe, which saw Sephardic immigration from Portugal during The<br />
Late Middle Ages. Cologne and Bern, both of which have long histories of Jewish settlement, also<br />
appear.<br />
Again, as always, custom compels us to suggest a "Celtic" origin for this haplotype, but its alternate<br />
origins may be quite different. A Flemish or Anglo-Saxon origin is possible, in the light of the<br />
Dutch and German hits. So is a Roman origin.<br />
19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b<br />
14 13 30 24 11 13 13 11 15<br />
Geographi<strong>ca</strong>l Lo<strong>ca</strong>le<br />
%<br />
Maryland [Hispanic-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 3.85<br />
Oregon [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 2.86<br />
Limburg, Southern Netherlands 2.00<br />
Virginia [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.64<br />
Madrid, Central-East Spain 1.35<br />
Texas [Hispanic-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.35<br />
Bern, Switzerland 1.09<br />
Caceres, Central-West Spain 1.09<br />
Leiden, Western Netherlands 1.04<br />
Sicily, Southern Italy 1.01<br />
Marche, Eastern Italy .93
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Cologne, Westphalia .74<br />
Northern Portugal .55<br />
Central Portugal .54<br />
Antioquia, Colombia .49<br />
London, England .40<br />
Munich, Bavaria .39<br />
Chemnitz, Saxony .12<br />
<strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong> #15<br />
This haplotype exhibits its highest frequencies in Iberia and the Celtic heartland of Central<br />
Europe. It most likely entered Britain with prehistoric Iberian migrants or a later wave of<br />
Celtic settlers.<br />
19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b<br />
14 13 30 24 11 13 13 12 14<br />
Geographi<strong>ca</strong>l Lo<strong>ca</strong>le<br />
%<br />
Indiana [Afri<strong>ca</strong>n-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 2.70<br />
Madrid, Central-East Spain 2.08<br />
Pennsylvania [European-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.49<br />
Texas [Hispanic-Ameri<strong>ca</strong>n] 1.35<br />
Central Portugal 1.08<br />
Lausanne, Western Switzerland 1.04<br />
Transylvania, Romania [Szekely] 1.02<br />
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate .96<br />
Zaragoza, Aragon .83<br />
Brussels, Belgium .80<br />
Cologne, Westphalia .74<br />
Dusseldorf, Westphalia .67<br />
Munster, Westphalia .51<br />
Tus<strong>ca</strong>ny, Central Italy .46<br />
London, England .40<br />
Antioquia, Colombia [European] .25<br />
<strong>Atlantic</strong> <strong>Modal</strong> <strong>Haplotype</strong> #16<br />
This haplotype exhibits its highest frequencies in Switzerland and the Rhineland.<br />
This suggests an origin among the Celts of Central Europe.<br />
19 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 385a 385b<br />
14 13 30 24 11 13 13 11 11
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Geographi<strong>ca</strong>l Lo<strong>ca</strong>le<br />
%<br />
Lausanne, Switzerland .93<br />
Cologne, Westphalia .74<br />
Argentina [European] .33<br />
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