Perspectives of large scale biogas plants in Germany
Perspectives of large scale biogas plants in Germany
Perspectives of large scale biogas plants in Germany
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<strong>Perspectives</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>large</strong> <strong>scale</strong> <strong>biogas</strong> <strong>plants</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Germany</strong><br />
Kiel, 10 February 2009<br />
Dr. Christian Böse
Content<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
• Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane production<br />
• Actual status <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Future potential for biomethane production<br />
• Prospects
Content<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
• Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane production<br />
• Actual status <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Future potential for biomethane production<br />
• Prospects
E.ON Bioerdgas with<strong>in</strong> the E.ON Group Structure<br />
Central Europe MU<br />
E.ON Energie AG,<br />
Munich<br />
Pan-European Gas MU<br />
E.ON Ruhrgas AG,<br />
Essen<br />
Italy MU<br />
E.ON Italia,<br />
Milan<br />
Russia MU<br />
E.ON Russia Power,<br />
Moscow<br />
Corporate Center<br />
E.ON AG,<br />
Düsseldorf<br />
U.K. MU<br />
E.ON UK plc,<br />
Coventry<br />
Nordic MU<br />
E.ON Nordic AB,<br />
Malmö<br />
Spa<strong>in</strong> MU<br />
E.ON España,<br />
Madrid<br />
U.S. Midwest MU<br />
E.ON U.S. LLC,<br />
Louisville<br />
Climate & Renewables MU<br />
E.ON Climate & Renewables GmbH,<br />
Düsseldorf<br />
Energy Trad<strong>in</strong>g MU<br />
E.ON Energy Trad<strong>in</strong>g AG<br />
Düsseldorf
Our targets:<br />
• Support reach<strong>in</strong>g the political objectives <strong>of</strong> German Government and EU<br />
regard<strong>in</strong>g shares <strong>of</strong> bioenergy <strong>in</strong> 2020 and 2030.<br />
• Provide an <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g share <strong>of</strong> biomethane <strong>in</strong> the overall consumption <strong>of</strong><br />
natural gas.<br />
• Implement most efficient technologies for decreas<strong>in</strong>g green house gas<br />
emissions (at least 50% compared to natural gas).<br />
• Provide additional <strong>in</strong>come and work opportunities <strong>in</strong> rural areas.<br />
• Leadership <strong>in</strong> the susta<strong>in</strong>able production <strong>of</strong> biomethane:<br />
• Cross-compliance and good agricultural practice for biomass production,<br />
• Lowest GHG emissions <strong>in</strong> biomethane production,<br />
• Sound <strong>in</strong>tegration <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong>to the local economic,<br />
agricultural and social framework.
E.ON is enter<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to significant bio-energy <strong>in</strong>vestments:<br />
E.ON Biomethane plant Schwandorf<br />
E.ON Biomethane plant E<strong>in</strong>beck
Content<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
• Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane production<br />
• Actual status <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Future potential for biomethane production<br />
• Prospects
Why biomethane?<br />
1. Generation<br />
<strong>biogas</strong><br />
(local CHPs)<br />
2. Generation<br />
biomethane<br />
(purification + feed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>)<br />
biomethane<br />
gas pipe<br />
CHP<br />
upgrad<strong>in</strong>g<br />
N E W<br />
electricity (CHP)<br />
heat<br />
fuel<br />
<strong>biogas</strong> plant<br />
• few locations with full<br />
heat utilisation<br />
• optimised heat utilisation<br />
• new products<br />
• demand from customers
natural gas ● <strong>biogas</strong> ● biomethane<br />
• natural gas =<br />
fossil <strong>biogas</strong><br />
• <strong>biogas</strong> = gas mix derived from biomass,<br />
either by fermentation or by gasification.<br />
Fermentation <strong>biogas</strong>: Gasification <strong>biogas</strong>:<br />
50-65% CH 4 50% N2<br />
30-45% CO 2 18% CO<br />
14% CO2<br />
15% H2<br />
2% CH4<br />
• biomethane = ref<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>biogas</strong><br />
(bio-SNG) <strong>of</strong> natural gas quality (CH 4 > 95%);<br />
can be fed <strong>in</strong>to gas distribution networks
Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane<br />
• biomethane is dispatchable<br />
• biomethane can be stored<br />
• biomethane is available 24 hours, 365 days<br />
• closed circle – regional focus:<br />
biomass from fields → residue as fertiliser back onto fields<br />
• corn, sugar beet have higher yields / ha than short rotation coppice<br />
• biomethane has highest fuel yields / ha<br />
• Fast productivity improvements <strong>in</strong> technology and feedstock production
Biomethane – the most efficient bi<strong>of</strong>uel<br />
23 100 km<br />
biodiesel (RME)<br />
1550 liter *<br />
farm area needed<br />
for a drive <strong>of</strong> 100,000 km<br />
4,3 ha<br />
23 100 km<br />
bioethanol<br />
2560 liter *<br />
4,3 ha<br />
61 100 km<br />
67 200 km<br />
BTL (Sunfuel)<br />
4030 liter *<br />
biomethane<br />
3560 kg *<br />
1,64 ha<br />
1,49 ha<br />
* Source: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohst<strong>of</strong>fe
iomethane – CO 2<br />
-emissions<br />
positive climate balance for pr<strong>of</strong>essional <strong>large</strong>-<strong>scale</strong> <strong>plants</strong><br />
350<br />
300<br />
old small <strong>scale</strong> Plants<br />
Industrial Plants<br />
(Type Schwandorf)<br />
Natural Gas<br />
250<br />
Biomass production<br />
Biogas production<br />
235<br />
g CO2 Äq./ kWh<br />
200<br />
150<br />
Upgrad<strong>in</strong>g<br />
132 128 112<br />
A<br />
-50% reduction<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
PSA Am<strong>in</strong>wäsche Am<strong>in</strong>wäsche PSA<br />
regenerativ<br />
Am<strong>in</strong>wäsche<br />
regenerativ<br />
Source : ifeu Heidelberg, Januar 2008
Content<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
• Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane production<br />
• Actual status <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Future potential for biomethane production<br />
• Prospects
Biogas <strong>plants</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> s<strong>in</strong>ce 1992<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> <strong>plants</strong><br />
End 2007: 9 Mrd. kWh/a electricity<br />
Power output <strong>in</strong> MW el<br />
new feed-<strong>in</strong> tariffs <strong>in</strong> 2004<br />
Source: Fachverband Biogas
Status Quo <strong>of</strong> Bio-methane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
Quelle: Energie und Management<br />
Total: End 2008: 500 Mio kWh/a
Current (2008) and planned (2009) Biomethane <strong>plants</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Germany</strong><br />
Source: top agrar
Feedstocks<br />
• Most biomethane <strong>plants</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> run<br />
on energy crops and manure,<br />
• Range <strong>of</strong> energy crops used is<br />
broaden<strong>in</strong>g (<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g share <strong>of</strong> triticalesilage<br />
and grass),<br />
• Organic bio-waste is <strong>of</strong>ten available at<br />
relatively low cost, but requires<br />
additional technical <strong>in</strong>stallation for<br />
feedstock treatment prior to the <strong>biogas</strong><br />
production,<br />
• Potential <strong>of</strong> organic bio-waste is limited,<br />
• Use <strong>of</strong> non-agricultural raw materials,
Content<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
• Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane production<br />
• Actual status <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Future potential for biomethane production<br />
• Prospects
Policy Objectives for bio-methane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Federal Government Objectives:<br />
• Out <strong>of</strong> 100 Mrd. m³ annual use <strong>of</strong> natural gas <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> bio-methane<br />
shall contribute:<br />
• by 2020: 6 Mrd. m³ = ca. 60 Mrd. kWh<br />
• Assumption:<br />
1/3 from by-products and waste<br />
2/3 from energy crops:= ca. 40 Mio. t energy crops = ca. 0,8 - 1 Mio.<br />
ha agricultural land<br />
about 500 Schwandorf-type or 1.000 E<strong>in</strong>beck-Type <strong>plants</strong> would<br />
be needed.
Policy Objectives for biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Federal Government Objectives:<br />
• Out <strong>of</strong> 100 Mrd. m³ annual use <strong>of</strong> natural gas <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong> bio-methane<br />
shall contribute:<br />
• by 2030: 10 Mrd. m³ = ca. 100 Mrd. kWh<br />
• Assumption:<br />
1/3 from by-products and waste<br />
2/3 from energy crops:= ca. 66 Mio. t energy crops = ca. 1 – 1.2 Mio.<br />
ha agricultural land<br />
about 800 Schwandorf-type or 1,600 E<strong>in</strong>beck-type <strong>plants</strong> would<br />
be needed.
Potential for Biogas production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
1 Mrd. kWh = ca. 1.000.000 t Mais Silage = ca. 20.000ha = ca. 12 Schwandorf Plants<br />
Source: BGW/DVGW-Studie (2006)
Potential for Biogas production <strong>in</strong> EU 27<br />
1 Mrd. kWh = ca. 1.000.000 t Silomais = ca. 20.000ha<br />
Source: EEA, www.<strong>biogas</strong>partner.de
Content<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
• Advantages <strong>of</strong> biomethane production<br />
• Actual status <strong>of</strong> biomethane production <strong>in</strong> <strong>Germany</strong><br />
• Future potential for biomethane production<br />
• Prospects
Prospects<br />
• Large Scale Biogas Plants (electricity production):<br />
• Actual legal basis supports small <strong>scale</strong> <strong>plants</strong>.<br />
Therefore only a limited number <strong>of</strong> <strong>large</strong> <strong>scale</strong> <strong>plants</strong> (<strong>of</strong> a size <strong>of</strong><br />
above 2 MWel) will be established,<br />
There may be a (slow) <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> medium sized <strong>plants</strong> (with sizes <strong>of</strong><br />
about 1 MW el).<br />
• Large Scale Biomethane <strong>plants</strong>:<br />
• A clear political commitment from the government side for<br />
significantly <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g biomethane production,<br />
• A significant potential for agricultural biomass production exists,<br />
• Reach<strong>in</strong>g political targets would require significant <strong>in</strong>vestments,
Prospects<br />
• Critical factors for future development <strong>of</strong> <strong>large</strong> <strong>scale</strong> <strong>biogas</strong> and biomethane<br />
production:<br />
• Developments <strong>of</strong> agricultural and food markets.<br />
Bioenergy was attributed a huge share <strong>in</strong> ris<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> food prices <strong>in</strong><br />
2007/08.<br />
Actual developments pro<strong>of</strong> that bioenergy was one <strong>of</strong> a broad range<br />
<strong>of</strong> factors.<br />
• F<strong>in</strong>ancial Crisis and sufficient resources for <strong>in</strong>vestments.<br />
Reach<strong>in</strong>g the Governments objective <strong>of</strong> 60 Mrd. kWh biomethane by<br />
2020 would require roughly 10 Mrd. Euro <strong>in</strong>vestments.<br />
Reach<strong>in</strong>g the Governments objective <strong>of</strong> 100 Mrd. kWh biomethane<br />
by 2020 would require roughly 15 Mrd. Euro <strong>in</strong>vestments.<br />
• Developments <strong>of</strong> energy market and prices.
Prospects<br />
• Critical factors for future development <strong>of</strong> <strong>large</strong> <strong>scale</strong> <strong>biogas</strong> and biomethane<br />
production:<br />
• sufficient number <strong>of</strong> plant-locations:<br />
a location for a biomethane plant must meet several criteria:<br />
• At least 4 – 6 ha (depend<strong>in</strong>g on plant size) with<strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>dustrial<br />
• Close distance to an adequate gas grid,<br />
• Sufficient agricultural area with<strong>in</strong> 10 – 15 km distance from the<br />
plant,<br />
• Acceptance <strong>of</strong> <strong>biogas</strong> production by the local authorities and<br />
<strong>in</strong>habitants.<br />
• regulative and political framework:<br />
future changes <strong>in</strong> the German and EU regulative framework will<br />
have an impact on <strong>biogas</strong> production.
Contacts:<br />
Dr. Christian Böse<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Feedstock Management<br />
Tel: +49 (201) 184 – 7649<br />
Mobil: +49 175 2288045<br />
Fax: +49 (201) 184 - 7837<br />
E-Mail: christian.boese@eon-ruhrgas.com<br />
E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH<br />
Ruhrallee 307<br />
45136 Essen