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Buddhist-Meditation-Systematic-and-Practical

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otherwise.<br />

The objects of the outward refuges are the Guru,<br />

Buddha, Dharma, <strong>and</strong> Sangha.<br />

b. Inwardly. Offer all thoughts to the Four Gems <strong>and</strong><br />

keep no selfish volitions. One's thoughts should be<br />

occupied by the instructions of the guru.<br />

Object: taking refuge in the oral instructions of sila,<br />

samadhi, <strong>and</strong> prajna—all according to the guru's method<br />

of practice.<br />

c. Secretly. By the guru's grace one is always in the<br />

refuge of sunyata <strong>and</strong> an<strong>and</strong>a (bliss).<br />

Object: taking refuge in the yidam, channels, energy,<br />

<strong>and</strong> wisdom-essence, all under the guidance of a<br />

heruka-guru (a teacher with his dakini, or yogic<br />

consort).<br />

d. Most Secretly. In Mahamudra, the Great Perfection,<br />

<strong>and</strong> Chan, the objective of taking refuge is to:<br />

"Enter into Chan,<br />

Renounce Chan,<br />

Use Chan, <strong>and</strong><br />

(Attain) the ultimate Chan."<br />

Although there are four kinds of refuges, the refuge<br />

formula is the same for all:<br />

735

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