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Buddhist-Meditation-Systematic-and-Practical

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this <strong>and</strong> that organ to the earth one. The elements are<br />

only treated in relation to analyses, such as: for analysis<br />

of the "person" into the five sk<strong>and</strong>has, for<br />

impermanence meditation, for diseases caused by<br />

imbalance of four out of the six elements, the first two<br />

of the Four Noble Truths (suffering <strong>and</strong> the arising of<br />

suffering), for the fourth (mind <strong>and</strong> form) <strong>and</strong> the fifth<br />

(the six sense-bases) links of conditioned co-production,<br />

or for the analysis into the twelve ayatanas (six<br />

sense-bases plus their sense-objects); but all these are<br />

only thought about for the purpose of analysis. No<br />

Hinayana doctrine really takes the opportunity to utilize<br />

the four great elements.<br />

b. In Mahayana, there are two great schools:<br />

i. The Idealists (Vijnanavada), who do not allow any<br />

elements outside the mind, for all phenomena are, they<br />

say, consciousness.<br />

ii. The Middle Way followers (Madhyamika) who do<br />

not say that all the elements are consciousness. In their<br />

philosophy of bhutatathata they seem to include all the<br />

elements, though again, they do not take advantage of<br />

them.<br />

While the Idealist school lays more stress on<br />

consciousness, the Middle Way School emphasizes<br />

suchness, <strong>and</strong> both seem to be monistic systems.<br />

684

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