Buddhist-Meditation-Systematic-and-Practical

mentioned there. Since the meditations connected with
them (particularly with yogatantra) are not practiced,
many students of the Tantra have great difficulty in
even pointing out the material included in annuttayoga
that derived from these three. Hence, the foundation of
anuttarayoga is not well established. If we deal
separately with these three, then this matter will become
clear to readers and they will form a good foundation
for the highest yoga.
3. Philosophic Background
The philosophic background of the Tantra is quite
different from that of the Mahayana. In the latter, the
causation in the universe is based on tathata (thatness,
suchness) and thus exoteric. But when we come to the
Tantra, causation is by the six elements (see Appendix I,
Part Two, A, 5), and esoteric by nature. In each yana we
see that the causation theory is different: In Hinayana
where every action has its result, the world of the
present is based upon past karma. Such is a theory of
causation by karma only. In the Mahayana, the world's
basis is suchness or sunyata; but this concept is biased
too much towards the purely mental and lacks
consideration of the material side. Therefore, in the
Vajrayana, we find the six elements, or enlightenment
causation.
Even though this philosophy is included in the
anuttarayoga of Tibet, still it is never practiced as a
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