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Scientific Report 2007-2009 Laboratories and Facilities of the Department of Physics L27. Atmospheric Physics Lab The Atmospheric Physics laboratory has been engaged in experimental and theoretical researches regarding radiative and thermodynamical properties of the Earth atmosphere for more than 25 years. Most of the instruments are based on remote sensing techniques and are routinely run for probing the atmosphere above the campus location: several Rayleigh LIDARs (LIght Detection And Ranging) with different characteristics and able to measure the aerosol or the temperature through the stratosphere (Figure 1), a Raman Lidar able to measure the water vapor through the troposphere, a SODAR (SOund Detection And Ranging) able to measure the three components of the wind vertical profile and the turbulence structure up to 600 m, a MFRSR (MultiFilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer) able to measure the total optical depth of the atmospheric aerosol in several visible bands, a microbarograph able to record the passage of pressure atmospheric disturbances. The instruments are used in conjunction with satellite overpasses for ground truth comparisons and calibration studies. They are used also in joint measurement campaigns for data assimilation in computer models. Very recently (April 2010) the measurements over the campus were used to monitor the presence of the Icelandic volcano eruption cloud above Rome. During the years in some cases measurements of important geophysical quantities were carried on and prototipe instruments were tested within the lab at controlled conditions. The know-how on remote sensing techniques has been applied for the design and development of an air born lidar (Air Born Lidar Experiment, ABLE) that flew during several international measurements campaigns Figure 1: The Rayleigh Lidar with three aimed at monitoring the presence of aerosol in critical regions of the Earth channels for monitoring the atmospheric (Antarctica, Tropical Regions and Actica). Presently a lidar of the group is aerosol through the lower stratosphere. operational at the Arctic station of Thule (Greenland) which is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (NDACC). The lidar is able to measure the tropospheric arctic haze, aerosol profiles up to the stratosphere and temperature profiles through the mesosphere. All lidars were totally built in the lab using commercially available components. The optical sources are Nd:YAG lasers with second and third hamonic generators (the latter when needed). Some of the lasers are two stage systems: Q-switched oscillator and one-pass amplifier. Presently in the lab there are several Italian made pulsed lasers with outputs in the 10 MW power range. Figure 2: The roof of the lab with 6 Sodar antennas and the astronomical dome for hosting lidars looking at zenith angles different from zero. The three Sodar antennas in the foreground are presently deployed elsewhere. The receivers are based on: 1) optical telescopes, 2) narrow band interference filters, 3) photmultipliers (for the visible) and avalance diodes (for near IR), 4) photon counting or analog sampling channels with bandpasses of the order of 20MHz or higher and 5) home developed computer programs. The lab is placed at the last floor of the building where all the lidars usually sit. Access to the sky in a zenith only direction is obtained through hatches either manually or electrically controlled. The three antennas of the Sodar are sitting directly on the roof of the building (Figure 2) and a 4m astronomical dome allows the usage of remote instruments at different zenithal/azimuthal angles. http://g24ux.phys.uniroma1.it/ Related research activities: G3, G4. <strong>Sapienza</strong> Università di Roma 195 Dipartimento di Fisica
Scientific Report 2007-2009 Laboratories and Facilities of the Department of Physics Servizio Progettazione Meccanica - Servizio Officina Meccanica The SPM (Servizio Progettazione Meccanica - Mechanical Engineering Service) provides engineering and design skills to the experimental groups of the INFN Section and of the Physics Department, according to the Convention between INFN and the Department. The Service evolved with time, changing from the old drawing boards to modern CADs systems, and acquiring more and more competence as required by the more and more complex experiments in which physicist of INFN and Physics Department are involved. Today, the Service has a staff of one engineer and five technicians, under the direction of the Chief Engineer Corrado Gargiulo, and can provide skills regarding the dynamical analysis of complex structures, the design and realization of high precision mechanical parts, the engineering of parts compliant with the standards of the space industry, and also cryogenics, or high vacuum and high cleanliness systems. The design and simulation tasks are performed on a cluster of several workstation where all the most common CAD softwares are running: AutoCAD, INVENTOR, I-DEAS, CATIA. Moreover, also the ANSYS program is available for FEM simulation and analysis. The staff of the Service follows all Figure 1: A clean box for the preparation of sensing crystals in CUORE experiment. phases of realization of a piece, from its design, to material procurement, to the tender for firms, to the actual construction, up to the integration and commissioning into the experimental system of the parts that have been produced. Since its birth the SPM participated to the most important experimental activities of INFN and gave its contribution also to many experiments carried by physicists of the Department. Currently, members of the staff play an important role in the engineering teams of experiments such as AMS, CUORE, and Virgo. For instance, since 2008 Corrado Gargiulo is responsible of the integration at CERN of the AMS experiment that will fly on the International Space Station. The SOM (Servizio Officina Meccanica - Machine Shop Service) of the INFN Section is an extended machine shop facility which is in charge of nine technicians that provide generic mechanical support to INFN and Department experiments and work also directly in building and commissioning parts of experimental systems, both on site and around the world. The Servizio Meccanico is equipped with four milling machines, one of which, the C.B.Ferrari A15, has five axis with a CNC control and a precision of 20 microns over a range of 30 cm, four lathes, two of which are high precision tooling machines: the Shaublin 150 and the Shaublin 180 CCN. Moreover, a section of the machine shop is dedicated to metrology, with a Poly Galaxy Diamond 3D Measuring Machine (measuring volume: 0.5 m 3 , precision ≃ 2µm), a Hommelwerke roughness meter and a Mitutoyo L.H. 600 linear height meter (precision ≃ 1µm, range 972 mm). Moreover, in the machine shop area two clean rooms are located: a class 10000 clean room which has been used to integrate parts of ATLAS, AMS and ALICE experiments, and a class 100 clean Figure 2: Design of the AMS Star Tracker. room, with a hut where the class 1 is reached. The class 100 room has been built to develop Virgo payloads and is used now to study new parts for second and third generation gravitational wave interferometers. The machine shop has also a room dedicated to a washing machine, equipped with a plant providing clean, demineralized water. A small unit providing ultrapure water is also placed in the class 100 clean room. Other two services provided by the machine shop are a welding station (Plasma, T.I.G., soft welding) and two ovens for thermal treatments in air. The Service participates in almost all the experimental activities of the INFN Section and gives important contributions also to the Department physicists, according to the convention between INFN and Department. For instance, the machine shop staff provided an important technical support to the Cosmic Microwave Background group in the Department. Figure 3: The C.B.Ferrari A15 milling machine <strong>Sapienza</strong> Università di Roma 196 Dipartimento di Fisica
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