6th Grade Brain and Nervous System Test: Thursday, March 1st

6 th Grade Brain and Nervous System Test:
Thursday, March 1 st
Use this study guide, but do look over your lab sheets and reading assignments.
Parts of brain: (Be able to locate them and know what they do.)
-Cerebrum-senses processed here! Outer layer=cerebral cortex
-Cerebellum-help with balance
-Brain stem-help regulate breathing and heartbeat
Lobes of the brain: (Where are they located?)
-Frontal (front)
-Parietal-Know that touch is processed here (top of brain…Pat the parietal!)
-Occipital-Know that vision is processed here! (In the back….Eyes in the back of the head!)
-Temporal (on the sides…by temples)
E.E.G.=electroencephalogram-shows electrical activity in the brain
M.R.I.=Magnetic resonance imaging-shows the structure (parts) of the brain
Hemispherectomy-removal of half of the brain. Despite initial loss of speech, motor skills
(such as walking, etc.,) children can greatly recover due to plasticity (ability of the remaining
half of the brain to take over the job of the missing hemisphere.)
Neuron-nerve cell- (Know the parts and what they do! Study your beady neuron and
your “Bead Neuron Model” sheet.) Electricity passes through the neuron.
-Dendrites-extensions of the nerve cell that receives messages from other cells
-Cell body-place where the nucleus is located
-Nucleus-where DNA is located
-Axon-a long extension that carries messages away from the cell body
-Synaptic terminal-place on the nerve cell where the message leaves the nerve cell
-Synapse-space between neurons
-Neurotransmitter-chemical message that jumps across the synapse
-Reaction time-the time it takes for a stimulus to produce a response (For example, you
see a fly land on your sandwich (visual stimulus). The sensory neurons take the message to
your brain, your brain processes the message, and sends a message through the motor
neurons for your hand to swat the fly away (response.) The time it takes for your to
react, stimulus to response, is your reaction time.
Neural pathway-the route that messages in our nervous system follow
Motor neuron-send messages from the brain to the muscles
Sensory neurons-send messages from our 5 senses to the brain
Senses:
Smell:
-Olfactory receptors-smell receptors located in the nose

(Smell continued)
-When you have a cold, mucus blocks smells from reaching the olfactory receptor
Taste:
-Our taste receptors can detect sweet, sour, bitter, salty
-Taste buds found on papillae
-Our sense of smell helps with our sense of taste!!
-Dissolved food chemicals in our saliva trigger the taste receptors
-An electrical message is sent to the brain
Touch:
-Pressure, pain, cold, and hot receptors
-Each receptor can send only 1 message at a time.
-Electrical message gets sent to the brain
Hearing:
-Auditory nerve sends an electrical message to the brain
-Sound waves cause the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to vibrate. This causes the 3 little
bones (hammer, anvil and stirrup) in our ear to vibrate which then vibrates the cochlea. Hair
cells inside the fluid-filled cochlea send messages to the brain.
-Sound is produced by vibrating objects!
Sight:
-Photoreceptors=rod and cones
-Light energy is changed into electrical messages
Look over:
1) “Structures of the Brain” worksheet: Questions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9-12 (just to know
where they are located. This is already listed above on this sheet.) and 16
(amygdala=emotions)
2) “Storm Within” worksheet
3) “Storm Within” and “Brain Imaging Techniques” quiz
4) “Response Sheet-Sending a Message” (Found on FOSS site, if yours gets lost)
5) “Bead Neuron Model” sheet-know parts and pathway!
6) “Feeling Two Points” lab (Big ideas: Different parts of our body have different
concentrations of receptors. One receptor can only send one message at a time.
Where do we have more touch receptors? Where do we have fewer touch receptors?
7) “Pressure, Cold and Pain” lab- We have four different type of receptors including
“heat” receptors. Also, why do we try to control variables?
7) “EEG Color Map” – Can you read both the graphs and the color map?
8) Look over your brain box! (lobes, hemispheres, parts)
9) “Senses Lab”
10) You can also go to the FOSS site to look over thing that we have discussed in class.
(See Ms. Weiher’s web page for directions to access this.)