sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - José Eli da Veiga

<strong>20</strong>2
This assistance has been distributed unequally between regions and countries. In recent <strong>years</strong>,
Latin America and the Caribbean, which accounts for approximately 8.5% of the world population and
10% of the population living in developing countries, 3 received about 7% of global ODA. Its share has
been shrinking steadily (see figure V.2).
50
Figure V.2
REGIONAL SHARES OF TOTAL NET OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT
ASSISTANCE (ODA), 1990-<strong>20</strong>10
(Percentages)
45
40
35
30
25
<strong>20</strong>
15
10
5
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
<strong>20</strong>00
<strong>20</strong>01
<strong>20</strong>02
<strong>20</strong>03
<strong>20</strong>04
<strong>20</strong>05
<strong>20</strong>06
<strong>20</strong>07
<strong>20</strong>08
<strong>20</strong>09
<strong>20</strong>10
Europe
Africa
Latin America and the Caribbean
Asia
Oceanía
Developing and unspecified
countries
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD.Stat database [date of reference: 16 January <strong>20</strong>12].
Note: “Developing and unspecified countries” refers to the financing of activities benefiting more than one region.
The volume of official assistance received by Latin America and the Caribbean declined from 0.5% of
regional GNI in 1990 to just over 0.2% in <strong>20</strong>10 (see table V.1), representing some US$ 18 per capita.
No Latin American or Caribbean country has been among the 10 leading ODA recipients. The
distribution of ODA in the region has been similar to the pattern worldwide, so low- and lower-middle
income countries have received larger amounts of ODA as a percentage of their income than upper-middle
income countries. Haiti, Colombia, Nicaragua and the Plurinational State of Bolivia have been the main
recipients of assistance in the region over the last three <strong>years</strong>, accounting for 40% of all disbursements.
It is important to note that several small island developing states (see chapter IV) are highly
vulnerable to extreme climate events that cyclically destabilize the <strong>development</strong> path of many of those
countries. This is compounded by pressures generated from the small size of their economies, for which
reason assistance is crucial for them. In addition, some upper-middle income countries that receive a
negligible share of ODA are facing major challenges in terms of persistent inequality and poverty, usually
concentrated in certain segments of the population.
3
Data from the United Nations (<strong>20</strong>11b).