sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - JosÃ© Eli da Veiga

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193 Given their special circumstances, Caribbean governments have taken measures to integrate disaster risk reduction strategies into both national and regional <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong> strategies. In addition, many countries are participating in the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, which ensures a coordinated response when countries request assistance after natural disasters (ECLAC, <strong>20</strong>10b). Insurance schemes also play a significant role in managing risk (both financial and environmental) and the effects of natural disasters in the region, but need to be strengthened and broadened to include additional types of disasters in the area and other vulnerable sectors (such as agriculture and infrastructure) (ECLAC, <strong>20</strong>10b) Other social protection mechanisms such as structural conditional transfers to strengthen disaster resilience have been adopted not only in the Caribbean but also in the whole region with almost 114 million beneficiaries. Structural conditional transfers contribute indirectly to household resilience by enabling the accumulation of assets to buffer disaster losses. Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Trinidad and Tobago are some of the countries in the Caribbean who have adopted this instrument. Mainstreaming gender perspectives into disaster risk reduction strategies is also of importance, as this ensures effective inclusion of women, who are affected differently by natural disasters partly because of social, economic and political inequalities. Studies have shown that gender roles and customs increase women’s vulnerability to natural disasters. However, if women are trained in disaster risk reduction and early warning information reaches all of society, women will be better placed to prepare for and adapt to the effects of natural hazards and their aftermath. The empowerment of women in disaster risk reduction is particularly relevant as women head many households in the Caribbean (UNDP, <strong>20</strong>09b). C. STEPS FOR FURTHER IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The high-level segment of the five-year MSI review, held in September <strong>20</strong>10, highlighted a number of issues to facilitate further implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action and the Mauritius Strategy with the assistance of the international community including, among other things (United Nations, <strong>20</strong>10a), the need to: (i) (ii) “Enhance support for the efforts of SIDS to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, not least through the provision of dedicated sources of financing, capacity-building and the transfer of appropriate technologies to address climate change; Implement a preventive approach to natural disasters in SIDS, reducing risks and properly integrating risk management into <strong>development</strong> policies and programmes; (iii) Support the <strong>development</strong> and utilization of new and renewable sources of energy and foster energy efficiency and conservation via financing from all sources, technical assistance and capacity-building aimed at developing a <strong>sustainable</strong> energy sector; (iv) Strengthen implementation of integrated coastal zone management strategies and enhance scientific research capabilities; (v) Enhance support for agricultural production, productivity and sustainability and help to prioritize food security; (vi) Promote <strong>sustainable</strong> tourism; (vii) Enhance support for capacity-building for the <strong>development</strong> and further implementation of freshwater, sanitation and waste management programmes; (viii) Fully integrate SIDS into the multilateral trading system in accordance with the Doha mandate on small economies.”
194 Further to the issues identified above, a Secretary-General’s report in August <strong>20</strong>11 developed recommendations to ensure implementation by SIDS of the Barbados Plan of Implementation and the Mauritius Strategy, citing that the challenges facing SIDS are varied and extensive but not insurmountable (United Nations, <strong>20</strong>11). Recommendations included the need for: (i) “Promoting climate change adaptation, especially when considering sea level rise, food insecurity, soil erosion and drought and environment-related migration”; (ii) Strengthening disaster risk management capabilities in SIDS; (iii) Maintaining and conserving biodiversity; (iv) Addressing energy challenges, the economic structural disadvantages of SIDS and food security issues; (v) Promoting <strong>sustainable</strong> tourism; (vi) Achieving debt sustainability; (vii) Strengthening collection and dissemination of data on the <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong> of SIDS; (viii) Providing an analytical framework for assessing vulnerability-resilience country profiles; and (ix) Improving access to financing. In order to facilitate greater implementation of <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong> in the region, the above issues and recommendations require further integration in <strong>development</strong> strategies in the region, along with sustained support from the international community.
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 20<
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Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary
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4 8. Protection of fishery resource
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6 Table II.1 Ratification of multil
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8 Figure V.7 Figure V.8 Figure V.9
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11 FOREWORD In December 20<
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13 INTRODUCTION The United Nations
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15 The Rio Declaration contains 27
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17 Box 2 (concluded) 24 Warfare is
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19 this regard, the International C
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21 The dynamic on which these data
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23 Bibliography Acquatella, J. and
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26 inequality, access to basic serv
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28 Figure I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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30 air (see the section on health),
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36 The problem of unreliable servic
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38 Figure I.11 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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40 Concerning tenure, certain struc
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42 Thanks to the improvements in wa
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44 One of the greatest health risks
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46 In Latin America and the Caribbe
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48 Figure I.14 UNDERNUTRITION AND O
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50 Generally speaking, national hea
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52 covered by existing retirement s
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54 Box I.3 MAINSTREAMING DISASTER-R
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56 patterns in Latin America, with
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58 In fact, despite achievements ma
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60 The second productivity feature
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62 for groups that are usually bypa
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64 Figure I.18 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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66 2009). In addit
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68 production will, however, height
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70 Lastly, climate factors are also
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72 C. ENERGY: ENERGY INTENSITY, EFF
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74 Fuel subsidies for private vehic
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76 Table I.9 LAWS FOR THE PROMOTION
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78 reduction must also be mainstrea
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80 Box I.7 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN
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82 Box I.8 THE ECO-EFFICIENCY OF UR
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84 Figure I.21 SELECTED COUNTRIES:
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86 E. STRENGTHENING THE STATE AND A
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88 Bibliography Acquatella, Jean (<
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90 Fresco, Louise (20</stro
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92 Perroti, D.E. and R. Sánchez (<
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94 (2010b), Achiev
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96 Table II.1 RATIFICATION OF MULTI
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98 Box II.1 (concluded) Union of So
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100 Table II.3 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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102 The same applies to the incenti
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104 Figure II.1 LATIN AMERICA AND T
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106 Box II.2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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108 Figure II.3 SHARE OF GLOBAL GRE
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110 Figure II.7 PER CAPITA CO 2 EMI
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112 Figure II.10 CARBON INTENSITY O
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114 Table II.4 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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116 coast and in marine areas, the
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118 Box II.4 CENTRAL AMERICA: BIODI
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120 25 Figure II.1
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122 The valuable assets related to
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124 monitoring have been instrument
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126 Box II.7 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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128 technology transfer is successf
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130 Table II.6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
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132 (a) Integrated water resources
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134 concessions, authorizations and
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136 water flows caused by land-use
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138 Climate change will exacerbate
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140 With regard to the safe recover
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Page 147 and 148: 146 Bibliography Acquatella, J. (<s
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Page 177 and 178: 176 Bibliography Acuña, G. (<stron
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Page 181 and 182: 180 A. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIO
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Page 232 and 233: 231 Chapter VI GUIDELINES FOR ACHIE
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243 As part of the preparatory proc
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245 Indicators can help to raise aw
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247 All of these initiatives seek t
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249 (a) Reform curricula to include
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251 (ii) Support initiatives to for
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253 (b) For Latin America and the C
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255 initiatives, are intended to no
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This report describes the progress
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