sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - José Eli da Veiga

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Box 2 (concluded)
24 Warfare is inherently destructive of <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong>. States shall therefore respect international law
providing protection for the environment in times of armed conflict and cooperate in its further <strong>development</strong>,
as necessary.
25 Peace, <strong>development</strong> and environmental protection are interdependent and indivisible.
26 States shall resolve all their environmental disputes peacefully and by appropriate means in accordance with
the Charter of the United Nations.
27 States and people shall cooperate in good faith and in a spirit of partnership in the fulfilment of the principles
embodied in this Declaration and in the further <strong>development</strong> of international law in the field of <strong>sustainable</strong>
<strong>development</strong>.
Source: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.
Table 1
PRINCIPLES OF THE RIO DECLARATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT:
GROUPING OF TOPICS FOR ASSESSMENT PURPOSES
Principles a Issue Chapters
1, 3, 4, 5, 8 Anthropocentric nature of <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong>,
the link between the environment and economic and
social <strong>development</strong> and poverty; the environmental
needs of present and future generations.
2, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17 Environmental legislation, economic instruments,
responsibility for environmental damage,
environmental impact assessment, the polluter-pays
principle, the precautionary principle.
10, <strong>20</strong>, 21, 22 Social participation, access to information and
justice, key stakeholders (women, youth, indigenous
peoples and local communities)
I. The <strong>development</strong> of Latin
America and the Caribbean
since 1992 from a
sustainability perspective
II. Strengthening the
environmental pillar
III. Information for decisionmaking
and participation by
civil society, the private sector
and local governments in
matters relating to <strong>sustainable</strong>
<strong>development</strong>
6 Special situation of small island developing States IV. The <strong>sustainable</strong>
<strong>development</strong> of the small
island States of the Caribbean
7, 9, 12 Means of implementation and capacities:
common but differentiated responsibilities, trade,
scientific-technological capacities, cooperation
between developed and developing countries
V. International cooperation,
trade, and science and
technology
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
a
Principles 14, 18, 19 and 23 to 27 are not explicitly addressed in this report inasmuch as they refer to relations between States
and obligations in relation to phenomena that have transboundary impacts, environmental protection, promotion of
<strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong> in situations of conflict and occupation, and the obligation to cooperate in good faith.
The <strong>sustainable</strong> <strong>development</strong> commitments made by States are closely related to human rights,
in that they reinforce each other mutually and pursue a common objective: human well-being and the
dignity of individuals. The rights approach in human <strong>development</strong> provides a conceptual framework,
based on international human rights standards, which is used to evaluate the inequalities that underlie
<strong>development</strong> problems and to rectify unfair discriminatory and distributive practices. In this regard, the