sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - José Eli da Veiga
sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - José Eli da Veiga
sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - José Eli da Veiga
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164<br />
Box III.4<br />
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT<br />
AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION<br />
A significant number of countries in <strong>the</strong> regi<strong>on</strong> have designed and/or implemented nati<strong>on</strong>al initiatives <strong>on</strong> educati<strong>on</strong><br />
for <str<strong>on</strong>g>sustainable</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>development</str<strong>on</strong>g> and/or envir<strong>on</strong>mental educati<strong>on</strong>. The c<strong>on</strong>cept of educati<strong>on</strong> for <str<strong>on</strong>g>sustainable</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>development</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
emerged in <strong>the</strong> late 1990s and gained momentum following <strong>the</strong> declarati<strong>on</strong> of <strong>the</strong> United Nati<strong>on</strong>s Decade of<br />
Educati<strong>on</strong> for Sustainable Development, giving rise to <strong>the</strong> Regi<strong>on</strong>al Strategy <strong>on</strong> Building Educati<strong>on</strong> for Sustainable<br />
Development in Latin America and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean and <strong>the</strong> Latin American and Caribbean Programme for<br />
Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Educati<strong>on</strong> (PLACEA).<br />
In additi<strong>on</strong>, <strong>the</strong>re are a large number of initiatives outside <strong>the</strong> formal educati<strong>on</strong> sector, in which n<strong>on</strong>governmental<br />
organizati<strong>on</strong>s (NGOs) play a major role. Many NGOs are keenly interested in working <strong>on</strong> cultural<br />
diversity issues, as well as <strong>on</strong> indigenous, gender, inequality and poverty issues.<br />
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: NATIONAL INITIATIVES ON EDUCATION<br />
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION<br />
Countries with policies, strategies and/or plans <strong>on</strong><br />
educati<strong>on</strong> for <str<strong>on</strong>g>sustainable</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>development</str<strong>on</strong>g>, and year of<br />
implementati<strong>on</strong><br />
Chile (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>08) Argentina (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>08)<br />
Costa Rica (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>06) Peru (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>07)<br />
Mexico (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>06) Ecuador (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>06)<br />
Uruguay (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>05) El Salvador (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>06)<br />
Jamaica (1998) Brazil (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>04)<br />
Countries with policies, strategies and/or plans <strong>on</strong><br />
envir<strong>on</strong>mental educati<strong>on</strong>, and year of implementati<strong>on</strong><br />
Nicaragua (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>03)<br />
Colombia (<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>02)<br />
Cuba (1997)<br />
Guatemala (1996)<br />
Dominican Republic (1992)<br />
Panama (1992)<br />
Source: United Nati<strong>on</strong>s Educati<strong>on</strong>al, Scientific and Cultural Organizati<strong>on</strong> (UNESCO), “Políticas, estrategias y planes<br />
regi<strong>on</strong>ales, subregi<strong>on</strong>ales y naci<strong>on</strong>ales en educación para el desarrollo sostenible y la educación ambiental en América<br />
Latina y el Caribe. Decenio de las Naci<strong>on</strong>es Uni<strong>da</strong>s de la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible, <str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>05-<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>14”<br />
(OREALC/<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>09/PI/H/2), Santiago, Chile, Regi<strong>on</strong>al Bureau for Educati<strong>on</strong> in Latin America and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean <str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>09,<br />
“Organismos No Gubernamentales que trabajan en Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y en Educación Ambiental<br />
en América Latina y el Caribe” (OREALC/<str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>09/PI/H/5), Santiago, Chile, Regi<strong>on</strong>al Bureau for Educati<strong>on</strong> in Latin<br />
America and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean, <str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>09; E. Tréllez, “Algunos elementos del proceso de c<strong>on</strong>strucción de la educación<br />
ambiental en América Latina”, Revista iberoamericana de educación, No. 41, <str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>06; Programa Latinoamericano y del<br />
Caribe de Educación Ambiental, Informe final [<strong>on</strong>line] www.medioambiente.cu/download/PLACEA.doc; y Programa<br />
Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Educación Ambiental en el Marco del Desarrollo Sostenible (PLACEA) [<strong>on</strong>line]<br />
http://www.pnuma.org/educamb/placea.php.<br />
This has led to various policy initiatives, some of which are comm<strong>on</strong> to <strong>the</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>sustainable</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>development</str<strong>on</strong>g> agen<strong>da</strong> while o<strong>the</strong>rs target children. The first category includes water and sanitati<strong>on</strong><br />
provisi<strong>on</strong>, which, toge<strong>the</strong>r with precarious housing, is <strong>the</strong> best indicator of child poverty<br />
(ECLAC/UNICEF, <str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>10; Katzman, <str<strong>on</strong>g>20</str<strong>on</strong>g>11), while <strong>the</strong> sec<strong>on</strong>d includes <strong>the</strong> regulati<strong>on</strong> and certificati<strong>on</strong> of<br />
n<strong>on</strong>-toxic educati<strong>on</strong>al toys and materials. The use of asbestos and lead paint in general but particularly in<br />
nurseries and schools should be prohibited, given that infants and children spend most of <strong>the</strong>ir time at<br />
home or at school. Policies <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>sustainable</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>development</str<strong>on</strong>g> and equity should also address decisi<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
locati<strong>on</strong> of schools and safe public play and recreati<strong>on</strong> areas. Feeding babies exclusively <strong>on</strong> breast milk