sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - JosÃ© Eli da Veiga

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147 (<strong>20</strong>10a), Economics of Climate Change in Latin America and the Caribbean. Summary <strong>20</strong>10 (LC/G.2474), Santiago, Chile. (<strong>20</strong>10b), The Economics of Climate Change in Central America. Summary <strong>20</strong>10 (LC/MEX/L.978), Mexico City, ECLAC subregional headquarters in Mexico. (<strong>20</strong>09), “Sustainable <strong>development</strong> in Latin America and the Caribbean: trends, progress, and challenges in <strong>sustainable</strong> consumption and production, mining, transport, chemicals and waste management” (LC/R.2161), Santiago, Chile. ECLAC/FAO/IICA (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture) (<strong>20</strong>10), “The Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas: A Perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean” [online] http://www.rlc.fao.org/es/prioridades/desarrollo/ pdf/ISPA10esp.pdf. ECLAC/Global Mechanism (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean/Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) (<strong>20</strong>11), “Valoración económica de la degradación de las tierras ante escenarios alternativos de cambio climático. Informes preliminares”, Santiago, Chile. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (<strong>20</strong>11), State of the World’s Forests <strong>20</strong>11, Rome. (<strong>20</strong>10a), Global Forest Resources Assessment <strong>20</strong>10, Rome. (<strong>20</strong>10b), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture <strong>20</strong>10, Rome. Granek, E.F. and B.I. Ruttenberg (<strong>20</strong>07), “Protective capacity of mangroves during tropical storms: a case study from ‘Wilma’ and ‘Gamma’ in Belize”, Marine Ecology Progress Series, No. 343. Hacon, S. and F. Azevedo (<strong>20</strong>06), “Plan de Acción Regional para la Prevención y el Control de Contaminación por Mercurio en los Ecosistemas Amazónicos” [online] http://www.otca.org.br/ imagens/ep/documentos/mercurio_esp.pdf. IOMC/UNEP (Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals/United Nations Environment Programme) (<strong>20</strong>02), Global Mercury Assessment, Geneva. IPAM (Amazon Environmental Research Institute) (<strong>20</strong>11), “A Região da Transamazônica rumo à economia de baixo carbono: estratégias integradas para o desenvolvimento sustentável”, Brasilia [online] http:// www.ipam.org.br/biblioteca/livro/A-Regiao-da-Transamazonica-rumo-a-economia. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (<strong>20</strong>11), “Summary for policymakers”, Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. (<strong>20</strong>07), Climate Change <strong>20</strong>07: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety) (<strong>20</strong>10), WHO Human Health Risk Assessment Toolkit: Chemical Hazards, Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO). ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) (<strong>20</strong>11), Revealing Risk, Redefining Development. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva. (<strong>20</strong>10), “Strengthening climate change adaptation through effective disaster risk reduction”, Briefing note, No. 03 [online] http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/16861. ITTO (International Tropical Timber Organization) (<strong>20</strong>11), Tropical Forest Tenure Assessment. Trends, Challenges and Opportunities, Washington, D.C. Lasmar, J.L. (<strong>20</strong>05), “Valorização da biodiversidade: capacitação e inovação tecnológica na fitoindústria no amazonas”, Ph.D. thesis, Rio de Janeiro Federal University. Lentini, E. (<strong>20</strong>08), “Servicios de agua potable y saneamiento: lecciones de experiencias relevantes”, document presented at the Regional Conference <strong>20</strong>08 “Policies for Economically Efficient, Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Equitable Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage Services”, Santiago, Chile, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 20<
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Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary
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4 8. Protection of fishery resource
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6 Table II.1 Ratification of multil
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8 Figure V.7 Figure V.8 Figure V.9
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11 FOREWORD In December 20<
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13 INTRODUCTION The United Nations
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15 The Rio Declaration contains 27
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17 Box 2 (concluded) 24 Warfare is
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19 this regard, the International C
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21 The dynamic on which these data
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23 Bibliography Acquatella, J. and
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26 inequality, access to basic serv
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28 Figure I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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30 air (see the section on health),
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36 The problem of unreliable servic
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38 Figure I.11 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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40 Concerning tenure, certain struc
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42 Thanks to the improvements in wa
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44 One of the greatest health risks
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46 In Latin America and the Caribbe
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48 Figure I.14 UNDERNUTRITION AND O
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50 Generally speaking, national hea
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52 covered by existing retirement s
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54 Box I.3 MAINSTREAMING DISASTER-R
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56 patterns in Latin America, with
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58 In fact, despite achievements ma
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60 The second productivity feature
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62 for groups that are usually bypa
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64 Figure I.18 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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66 2009). In addit
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68 production will, however, height
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70 Lastly, climate factors are also
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72 C. ENERGY: ENERGY INTENSITY, EFF
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74 Fuel subsidies for private vehic
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76 Table I.9 LAWS FOR THE PROMOTION
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78 reduction must also be mainstrea
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80 Box I.7 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY IN
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82 Box I.8 THE ECO-EFFICIENCY OF UR
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84 Figure I.21 SELECTED COUNTRIES:
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86 E. STRENGTHENING THE STATE AND A
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88 Bibliography Acquatella, Jean (<
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90 Fresco, Louise (20</stro
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92 Perroti, D.E. and R. Sánchez (<
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94 (2010b), Achiev
Page 97 and 98: 96 Table II.1 RATIFICATION OF MULTI
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Page 101 and 102: 100 Table II.3 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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Page 105 and 106: 104 Figure II.1 LATIN AMERICA AND T
Page 107 and 108: 106 Box II.2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 109 and 110: 108 Figure II.3 SHARE OF GLOBAL GRE
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Page 115 and 116: 114 Table II.4 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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Page 119 and 120: 118 Box II.4 CENTRAL AMERICA: BIODI
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Page 123 and 124: 122 The valuable assets related to
Page 125 and 126: 124 monitoring have been instrument
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Page 129 and 130: 128 technology transfer is successf
Page 131 and 132: 130 Table II.6 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
Page 133 and 134: 132 (a) Integrated water resources
Page 135 and 136: 134 concessions, authorizations and
Page 137 and 138: 136 water flows caused by land-use
Page 139 and 140: 138 Climate change will exacerbate
Page 141 and 142: 140 With regard to the safe recover
Page 143 and 144: 142 MERCOSUR countries are implemen
Page 145 and 146: 144 Unlike in the early 1990s, all
Page 147: 146 Bibliography Acquatella, J. (<s
Page 151 and 152: 150 WHO (World Health Organization)
Page 153 and 154: 152 1. Statistics and indicators Si
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Page 157 and 158: 156 2. Citizen participation in env
Page 159 and 160: 158 Reforms that would improve acce
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Page 163 and 164: 162 Box III.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 165 and 166: 164 Box III.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
Page 167 and 168: 166 Many countries have created ins
Page 169 and 170: 168 Since 1992, municipalities in L
Page 171 and 172: 170 requirements of legislation; 14
Page 173 and 174: 172 8. The science and technology c
Page 175 and 176: 174 9. Farmers Rural households, in
Page 177 and 178: 176 Bibliography Acuña, G. (<stron
Page 179 and 180: 178 Tréllez, E. (20</stron
Page 181 and 182: 180 A. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIO
Page 183 and 184: 182 strategies, develop mechanisms
Page 185 and 186: 184 participatory process; and nati
Page 187 and 188: 186 issues, which have been incorpo
Page 189 and 190: 188 Furthermore, at the internation
Page 191 and 192: 190 4. Freshwater resources, water
Page 193 and 194: 192 With respect to coastal and mar
Page 195 and 196: 194 Further to the issues identifie
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198 (2010b), Towar
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200 As for financi
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202 This assistanc
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204 Regions Table
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206 In addition to
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208 Figure V.5 LAT
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210 Innovative financing mechanisms
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212 8.8 Agricultural support estima
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214 2. Agricultural subsidies Most
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216 (18.9%). 11 Fishery subsidies h
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218 Figure V.9 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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220 1. Science and
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222 Figure V.10 LATIN AMERICA AND T
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224 2. Scientific capacities and te
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226 4. Knowledge plurality Rural po
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228 IDB (Inter-American Development
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231 Chapter VI GUIDELINES FOR ACHIE
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233 B. GUIDELINES FOR THE INTEGRATI
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235 (b) Strengthen policies designe
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237 from these sectors could suffer
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239 (f) Send proper signals to esse
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241 The following actions are sugge
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243 As part of the preparatory proc
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245 Indicators can help to raise aw
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247 All of these initiatives seek t
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249 (a) Reform curricula to include
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251 (ii) Support initiatives to for
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253 (b) For Latin America and the C
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255 initiatives, are intended to no
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This report describes the progress
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