sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - José Eli da Veiga

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technology transfer is successful only when backed by measures to build human and institutional
capacity. Fourth, it was found that private-sector support and active participation are still essential to
technology <strong>development</strong> and adaptation and to the creation of substitute goods. Lastly, the experience
emphasized the importance of a lifecycle approach to the adoption of alternative technologies and
substances (UNDP, <strong>20</strong>11).
Figure II.12
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: CONSUMPTION OF OZONE-DEPLETING
SUBSTANCES, 1990-<strong>20</strong>09
(Ozone-depleting potential (ODP) tons)
80 000
70 000
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
<strong>20</strong> 000
10 000
0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 <strong>20</strong>01 <strong>20</strong>03 <strong>20</strong>05 <strong>20</strong>07 <strong>20</strong>09
Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of United Nations Millennium
Development Goals indicators database based on figures from the Ozone Secretariat of the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) [online] http://ozone.unep.org/Data_Reporting/Data_Access/ [date of reference: May <strong>20</strong>11].
5. Combating desertification, land degradation and drought: a priority for arid regions
Latin America and the Caribbean are actually about one quarter desert and drylands. 11 The degradation of
these lands is contributing to the decline in the biological productivity of ecosystems and the economic
productivity of agriculture, livestock production and forestry. All Latin American and Caribbean
countries have ratified the 1994 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), have
appointed focal points based in ministries of environment or agriculture and conduct programmes to
combat desertification and land degradation. A number of countries have also developed national
action programmes.
11
See [online] www.unccd.int/.