sustainable development 20 years on from the ... - JosÃ© Eli da Veiga

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109 Figure II.5 SHARE OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR, <strong>20</strong>05 (Percentages) A. World B. Latin America and the Caribbean Land-use change (12) Agriculture (14) Industrial processes (4) Fugitive emissions (4) Waste (35) Other types of fuel-burning (8) International shipping International shipping (1) (2) Waste Electricity (3) (8) Transport (12) Electricity (28) Manufacturing and construction (12) Land-use change (46) Manufacturing and construction (6) Transport (8) Other types of fuel-burning (3) Fugitive emissions (3) Industrial processes (2) Agriculture (<strong>20</strong>) Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT), Version 7.0, Washington, D.C., World Resources Institute, <strong>20</strong>10. Figure II.6 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (9 COUNTRIES): SHARE OF CARIBBEAN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY COUNTRY, <strong>20</strong>05 (Percentages) 60 50 52 40 34 30 22 <strong>20</strong> 10 13 8 11 6 9 4 6 3 3 3 3 2 2 9 11 0 Brazil Mexico Venezuela (Bol.Rep. of) Argentina Bolivia (Plur. State of) Colombia Peru Ecuador Remaining countries Including land-use change Excluding land-use change Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT), Version 7.0, Washington, D.C., World Resources Institute, <strong>20</strong>10. Although per capita CO 2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels remained fairly stable in Latin America and the Caribbean as a whole between 1990 and <strong>20</strong>06 (see figure II.7), there are wide disparities within the region (see figure II.8).
110 Figure II.7 PER CAPITA CO 2 EMISSIONS FROM THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS BY REGION, 1990–<strong>20</strong>06 (Metric tons of CO 2 ) 25 <strong>20</strong> 15 10 5 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 <strong>20</strong>00 <strong>20</strong>02 <strong>20</strong>04 <strong>20</strong>06 Africa Asia (excluding China) Latin America and the Caribbean Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of International Energy Agency (IEA) [online] www.iea.org/. a OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Figure II.8 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: PER CAPITA CO 2 EMISSIONS, 1990 AND <strong>20</strong>08 OFFICIAL MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG) INDICATOR 7.2.1 (Metric tons of CO 2 and percentages) China United States Europe (non-OECD countries a ) Europe (OECD countries) Middle East OECD countries (excluding Mexico) Russian Federation 40 2,5 35 30 25 <strong>20</strong> 2,0 1,5 1,0 15 10 5 0 0,5 0 -0,5 Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plur. State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Dominican Rep. Saint Kitts and Nevis 1990 <strong>20</strong>08 <strong>20</strong>08: global average Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Plur. State of) <strong>20</strong>08: average for Latin America and the Caribbean Percentage variation 1990-<strong>20</strong>08 - Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals indicators database [online] http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Default.aspx, with CO 2 statistics compiled by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) [date of reference: 10 November <strong>20</strong>11].
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 20<
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Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary
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4 8. Protection of fishery resource
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6 Table II.1 Ratification of multil
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8 Figure V.7 Figure V.8 Figure V.9
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11 FOREWORD In December 20<
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13 INTRODUCTION The United Nations
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15 The Rio Declaration contains 27
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17 Box 2 (concluded) 24 Warfare is
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19 this regard, the International C
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21 The dynamic on which these data
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23 Bibliography Acquatella, J. and
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26 inequality, access to basic serv
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28 Figure I.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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30 air (see the section on health),
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36 The problem of unreliable servic
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38 Figure I.11 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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40 Concerning tenure, certain struc
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42 Thanks to the improvements in wa
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44 One of the greatest health risks
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46 In Latin America and the Caribbe
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48 Figure I.14 UNDERNUTRITION AND O
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50 Generally speaking, national hea
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52 covered by existing retirement s
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54 Box I.3 MAINSTREAMING DISASTER-R
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56 patterns in Latin America, with
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Page 73 and 74: 72 C. ENERGY: ENERGY INTENSITY, EFF
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Page 89 and 90: 88 Bibliography Acquatella, Jean (<
Page 91 and 92: 90 Fresco, Louise (20</stro
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Page 101 and 102: 100 Table II.3 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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Page 133 and 134: 132 (a) Integrated water resources
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Page 137 and 138: 136 water flows caused by land-use
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Page 141 and 142: 140 With regard to the safe recover
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Page 145 and 146: 144 Unlike in the early 1990s, all
Page 147 and 148: 146 Bibliography Acquatella, J. (<s
Page 149 and 150: 148 Li, J. and M. Colombier (<stron
Page 151 and 152: 150 WHO (World Health Organization)
Page 153 and 154: 152 1. Statistics and indicators Si
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Page 157 and 158: 156 2. Citizen participation in env
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160 (b) Land ownership Land rights
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162 Box III.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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164 Box III.4 LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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166 Many countries have created ins
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168 Since 1992, municipalities in L
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170 requirements of legislation; 14
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172 8. The science and technology c
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174 9. Farmers Rural households, in
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176 Bibliography Acuña, G. (<stron
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178 Tréllez, E. (20</stron
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180 A. IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIO
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182 strategies, develop mechanisms
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184 participatory process; and nati
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186 issues, which have been incorpo
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188 Furthermore, at the internation
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190 4. Freshwater resources, water
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192 With respect to coastal and mar
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194 Further to the issues identifie
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196 (2006), Challe
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198 (2010b), Towar
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200 As for financi
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202 This assistanc
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204 Regions Table
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206 In addition to
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208 Figure V.5 LAT
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210 Innovative financing mechanisms
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212 8.8 Agricultural support estima
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214 2. Agricultural subsidies Most
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216 (18.9%). 11 Fishery subsidies h
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218 Figure V.9 LATIN AMERICA AND TH
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220 1. Science and
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222 Figure V.10 LATIN AMERICA AND T
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224 2. Scientific capacities and te
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226 4. Knowledge plurality Rural po
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228 IDB (Inter-American Development
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231 Chapter VI GUIDELINES FOR ACHIE
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233 B. GUIDELINES FOR THE INTEGRATI
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235 (b) Strengthen policies designe
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237 from these sectors could suffer
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239 (f) Send proper signals to esse
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241 The following actions are sugge
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243 As part of the preparatory proc
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245 Indicators can help to raise aw
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247 All of these initiatives seek t
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249 (a) Reform curricula to include
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251 (ii) Support initiatives to for
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253 (b) For Latin America and the C
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255 initiatives, are intended to no
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This report describes the progress
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