Page wise Oct. 06.cdr - Guru Gobind Singh Study Circle

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www.ggssc.net
fibd 32-10 nes{po, 2006 nze-367 fibd …„-ƒ‚ nZ;{-eZse ;zws ‡… Ð nze-…Ί
w[Zy ;zgkde
vkL uoB ewb f;zx, uh\ ;eZso
;zgkde
g'qL pbftzdogkb f;zx
ekoiekoh ;zgkde
;qL oDihs f;zx
;jkfJe ;zgkde (nzro/ih)
fgqzL joh f;zx
;jkfJe ;zgkde (fjzdh)
;qBL ;ftzdoihs e"o
;zgkde (gq'veFB s/ ftsoB)
;qL i;pho f;zx
;fj ;zgkde
vkL tfozdogkb f;zx
;qL i;tzs f;zx nwB
;qL nB[okr f;zx
;zgkdeh p'ov
;qL pofizdogkb f;zx
vkL joh f;zx @ikue#
;qL gowihs f;zx
vkL dhgfJzdo f;zx
;qBH joehos e"o
;qBH dftzdo e"o
gq'veFB ftGkr
;qH r[ofizdo f;zx, fv}kJhB ns/ ;?fNzr
;qBL ewbihs e"o, ;e?u fv}kJhB
;qBL wBfwzdo e"o, NkJhg ;?fNzr
2
3
;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot, vkfJo?eNo f;Zfynk ftGkr gzikp tb'A ;e{bK s/ ;wkfie
f;Zfynk e/AdoK s/ bkfJp/qohnK bJh gZZso BzL 8$23-83 n?L gzL (13-5-83) okjhA
gqtkBs j?.
;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot ftu Sg/ b/yK ftu gqrNkJ/ ftukoK Bkb @;zgkdeh p'ov# r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk ;fjws j'Dk }o{oh BjhA.
;qL jowhs f;zx fgqzNo s/ gpbhFo B/ wfbe fgqzNo}, ekbi o'v, b[fXnkDk s'A Sgtk e/
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb bJh wkvb NkT{B n?e;N?BFB, b[fXnkDk s'A
1-10-2006 B{z ikoh ehsk. gfjbk d\so L r[L FjhdK wkvb NkT{B, b[fXnkDk.
4
5
5
6
9
13
;kbkBk uzdk
d/F L 100 o[gJ/
ftd/F L 1,000 o[gJ/
ihtB w?ApofFg
d/F L 1,000 o[gJ/
ftd/F L 10,000 o[gJ/
Incharge Circulation,
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E-mail : info@ggssc.net
15
16
17
UK Contact :
S. Gurlal Singh, Jathebandak Secy.
GGSSC, UK
Email ID : gurukalal@hotmail.com
Cell : +447958122868
B'N L u?e$vokcN @@;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot## d/ Bkwg[o G/i' ih.
USA Contact :
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GGSSC, USA
E-mail : sarabjit6872@yahoo.com
Cell : +16466436872
ENGLISH SECTION
fgUnh Hkkx
25
35

Ms`X gx`sjs
inrpyK qy inrp`K jIvn
gowkswk d/ gqskg ~ g/y g/y e/ ihT{D dh bkb;k GrsK ~ ofjzdh j?. ;z;ko ~
;kg/y (fdqFNwkB) eoe/, gq/oDk b?D ftZu e'Jh wzdh rZb BjhA j?. f;nkD/ efjzd/ jB fe
fJe r[DtkB ftnesh T[j jh pDdk j? i' @fBog/y# (Absolute) ;fEsh ftZu gqc[Zbs j[zdk
j?. nekb g[oy dh fJj w[Zy ftF/FskJh j? fe T[j @fBi EKT[A# j?, T[j @fBi gfs# j? s/
Bkb-Bkb T[j nkgDh ouBk ~ @t//y? ftr;? efo thuko[# ns/ @p?mk t/y? ty[ fJe/bk# d/
nB[;ko fBjko ;ztko s/ thuko fojk j?. fJe r[DtkB ftnesh th nkgD/ ;z;ko, fi;
ftZu T[j ftuodk j?, Bkb fdqFNwkB sK j[zdk j?, go T[; s'A tZX e/, fBog/y nt;Ek ftZu
;P?-;zs[fbs j'D bJh nkswe Fpd nfGnk; eodk j?. T[; ~ Fpd d/ wkfXnw s'A fJj
;'Mh j'D bZrdh j? fe fJj ;z;ko ;kg/y eoB i'rk ;dhth BjhA j?. fJj jfo ek o{g j?, fJ;
ftZu T[; gqG{ dh i's j?, go fJ; ftZu wkfJnk dk Gow th j? fi; s'A fBogZy ofjD dh iku
r[o{ s'A f;ZyDh j?. w{b wzso d/ nzdo w"i{d @fBoGU-fBot?o# dhnK y{phnK Bkb
fBog/ysk dh tfvnkJh jk;b j' ;edh j?, fJj' jh ;P?wkD j?. fJ; @;P?wkD gZso# d/ fwbD
T[gozs fe;/ d/ @gowkD gZso# dh bkb;k Grs ~ BjhA ofjzdh. go T[j ;fji Gkt ftZu
ofjzdk j?, jT[w? T[; B{z uzpVdh BjhA.
fBnK s/ fBogZysk dk toskok T[; dk ;fji r[D pD iKdk j? feT[Afe T[; B/
p/gotkj ofjDk f;Zy fbnk j[zdk j?. T[; B{z fJj geV BjhA ofjzdh fe d{i/ ftnesh T[; d/
gZe/ ;ZiD }o{o j'D, ;r'A T[; dk tX/o/ fXnkB nkgD/ nkg B{z ;wofgs eoB tZb j[zdk j?.
eZu sK T[; d/ nzdo fNedk BjhA s/ Bk jh T[j eZfunK ;zr fBG ;edk j?. fJj eZuk ;z;ko
nkgD/ nzdo i' ;Zu ;w'Jh p?mk j?, T[; Bkb B/j[ brk e/ ;Zuk j'D ftZu jh ;/te s/ Grs dh
fposh i[Vdh j?. ;kg/fye wkgdzvK nB[;ko BjhA ;r'A fBog/y ns/ fBogZy nXkoK
nB[;ko, fgnko ;/tk s/ f;woB tkb/ y'ihnK dh ;zrs ftZu }kps/ Bkb ftuodk j?.
;P?-;/teK dh p/w[jski ;zrs, wkBtsk dk Gbk eodh j'Jh ;dk jh ftuodh j?.
GkrK tkb/ jB i' nfijh ;zrs dk nzr pDd/ jB. e{V eos{sK s'A e'jK d{o, F[G eowB
dh ;'u Bkb ;oFko, fBog/y ozr oZs/ ihT{V/,
@@g/fy g/fy ;[nkwh eh ;'Gk nkBd[ ;dk T[bk;[..##
dh w"i ftZu ;/tk :[es ofjzd/ jB.
jQybMdk ivcwrDwrw
fBZi ;[y bJh sK ;ko/ jh :sB
eod/ jB-;op ;[y bJh nodk;
eoBh s/ fco fJ; bJh
:sBFhb j'Dk f;Zyh ftukoXkok
dh ;q/FNsk j?.
;kvk Nhuk nkg/ dh gfjukD j? s/
okj nB/e jB. ;kvk okj Xow
dk okj j?, i' ftFt d/ ;ko/ okjK
s'A ntb, fJwkBdko s/ ;koEe
j?.
BfFnK d/ e'jV ns/ f;roNK d/
X{zJ/A ftZu nkgk G[bkJh p?m/ thoK
B{z n;K Mzi'VDK j? fe nkU
nkgDh Xosh d/ nwho fto;/ dh
;zGkb eohJ/.
;kvh ;'u T[;ko{ ns/ nkFktkdh
j? . n;K Ykj{ ns/ fBokFktkdh
skesK ~ ;wki #s/ Gko{ BjhA
j'D d/Dk.
;kvk ftFtk; j? fe fiT[A-fiT[A
ftfdnk dk g;kok j't/rk,
;kfJz; dh y'i tX/rh sK
r[opkDh dk T[sw doi/ dk
frnkB wB[Zy bJh ukBD w[Bko/
dk ezw eodk oj/rk ns/ b[ekJh
r[opkDh d/ dZ;/ fJBebkph okj
#s/ ub e/
@@b'e ;[yhJ/ gob'e
;[j/b/## eodh oj/rh.
nes{po 2006 2

n|as]Ev
khu kbIr qy jn kbhu n hwrih
Fwil ju jwnih pwsw]
Grs epho ih B/ wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs d/ tZb T[u/uk fXnkB fdZsk j?.
}ksgks d/ T{u-Bhu GktK B/ jT[w? s/ jhDsk dh fyZu'skD c?bkJh j'Jh ;h i' nZi th
pVh shposk Bkb ;wki nzdo g;oh j'Jh d/y ;ed/ jK. nwho rohp dk gkVk nZi
tKr Ud'A th pj[s ;h. epho ;kfjp dh pkDh nzdo fJj ;G' rZbK uzrh soQK ftFb/Fs
ehshnK j'JhnK jB. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ Grs ih dh pkDh B{z fJBQK wkBtefbnkDekoh
ftF/FsktK d/ eoe/ r[o{ gdth gqdkB ehsh. r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk f;Zy
Xow B{z T[d? eoe/ ;op ;KMk r[opkDh ftXkB pDkT[D dk T[d/F th fJj' ;h fe wkBt
iksh ~ r[DK d/ nXko #s/ fte;s ehsk ik ;e/. Grs iBK B/ fit/A ;zxoF eoe/ fJe
bfjo ubkJh ;h fe r[DK d/ nXko #s/ pzd/ dh gSkD eo'. wB[ZyK d/ eFN B{z xZN eoB
bJh oZph gq/w tkbhnK ;zrsK ekfJw ehshnK ;B. ;dhnK s'A B\os dk fFeko j'J/
b'eK B{z ;P?wkD ns/ o{jkBh j[bko/ gqdkB eoe/ ;wki d/ w'joh pDk fdZsk frnk ;h.
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh pkDh d/ Bkb i' Grs iBK dh pkDh j?, T[;
ftZu ny"sh BhthnK iksK d/ Grs sK jB jh, T[Zu iks pqkjwD s/ pkpk cohd ih dh
pkDh th j?. Gkt fJj' j? fe jo/e iks ftZu r[Dh iB jB s/ ;r'A }ksgks dk sK ftuko
eoBk jh c}{b j?.
wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs ftZu ;zrmB dh G{fwek sK pVh tZvh j? go ;q/FN rZb
sK ftukoXkok dh ftFk-t;s{ ns/ wkBth nwb nfGnk; dh j[zdh j?. ;kv/ d/F ftZu
foFhnK w[BhnK d/ nkFowK ftZu pV/ pV/ ;{opho, :'X/, ftdtkB gzvs, i'seh, f;ZX
BkE xV/ iKd/ oj/ jB go }ksgks dh rZb B{z pdbD dk j"A;bk ni/ th BjhA ehsk ik
;edk. Xkofwe g[ikohnK tZb'A eoweKv dhnK i' bhjK gk fdZshnK rJhnK jB,
eo'VK b'e T[;/ ~ fBGkj[Dk Xow s/ o{jkBhns wzBD bZr/ jB. fJj rZb f;Zy Xow d/
ftZu th bkr{ j'Jh j'Jh j?. fJ; eoweKv d/ g;ko/ ftZu Xowh b'eK dk wB pVk bZrdk
j? go r[opkDh ns/ e[M j'o Xow ftukoK B/ fJBQK Xkofwe o;wK T[Zs/ ;wK, XzB s/
fXnkB brkT[D B{z cbjhD dZf;nk j?. fJBQK g;koK d/ Bkb jT[w? dh g{osh sK j[zdh j?
go o{jkBh sozr BjhA T[gidh.
wkBth xkVs ftZu, r[opkDh dh w{b GktBk ~ XkoB eoB s'A fpBK j'o e'Jh
d{ik wkor BjhA j?. id'A n;hA r[opkDh d{finK ~ rk e/ iK gVQ e/ ;[DKd/ jK sK fJj
pVh uzrh rZb j?, go fJ; ftZu ;kvh gj[zu fJzM dh pD iKdh j? fe pJh gfjbK s[;hA
;[DB tkb/ pkDh B{z wzB' s/ ihtB ftZu XkoB eo'. okrh, Ykvh, gqukoe, eEktkue s/
nkr{ ;ZiD fJ; GktBk #u'A r[}od/ jB. fiZE/ feZs/ s[jkvh nkswk B{z t?okr, gq/w, oZph
S'j ns/ fsnkr dh y[Fp' dk nB[Gt j't/, ;Zu ikD', T[E/ pkDh B{z fjod/ ftZu XkoB
ehsk frnk j?. fJj' fij/ ftob/ ;ZiDK B/ Xow B{z ;zGkb e/ oZfynk j'fJnk j?.
wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs tZb gZSwh d/FK, nwohek, n;Nq/bhnk, igkB, e'ohnk,
uhB nkfde B/ pVhnK gqkgshnK ehshnK jB. Gkos ftZu th fJ; gk;/ rzGho :sB
j'J/ jB. ;P?;/th ;z;EktK th wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs tZb wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGk
ojhnK jB. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh th fJj' wBFk j? fe w[Zyh ;kXBK B{z
o{jkBh so}K s/ ;wki ;/te pBkT[D bJh ;zrsh tksktoD fsnko j' ;e/. fJ; T[d/F
gq'L pbftzdogkb f;zx
;zgkde
;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot
dh g{osh bJh r?o-oki;h rshftXhnK
ubkJhnK ik ojhnK jB. fJ; dhnK gqkgshnK
dk w[bKeD fBogZysk Bkb eohJ/ sK efjDk
pDdk j? fe gfjb/ YkJh djkfenK ftZu nkX[fBe
;kXBK dh nDj'Ad ftZu wkBth ;kXBK dh xkVs
e?AgK, toeFkgK, ;?whBkoK s/ ftuko wzvbK
d[nkok j'Jh. fco, nkX[fBe ;kXBK dh tos'A B{z
gqfefonk ftZu EK fdZsh rJh ns/ wfj;{; ehsk
frnk fe BthA seB'b'ih B{z T[g:'r ftZu fbnk
e/, ftfdnkoEh s/ ;/te tor dh xkVs uzrh
soQK j' ;edh j?. fJ; d/ pV/ uzr/ Bshi/ fBeb
;eDr/, i/eo w{b GktBk B{z ekfJw oZfynk ik
;e/.
;G s'A tZX u[D"sh ftfdnkoEh s/ :[teK d/
y/so T[Zs/ j? feT[Afe gqpzXeh, vkeNoh, seBheh
s/ feZsk w{be BthnK ;z;EktK dk pVk g;kok
j'fJnk j? s/ T[BQK dh gqfeosh nB[;ko Bt/A
ftukoe fsnko eoB/ j'Dr/. GkJh ekBQ f;zx
BkGk fJz;NhfuT{N ~ nXko pDk e/ fJ; gk;/
:sB j' ;ed/ jB. ;/tk w[es nB[Gth ;ZiDK
ns/ nkX[fBe ftfdnk gqkgs BthB gqkfXnkgeK
dhnK ;/tktK fJ; ftZu bJhnK ik ;edhnK jB.
tZy-tZy vkfJo?eN'o/NK dh pZMthA skbw/b Bhsh
B{z fJe sfjF[dk nwbh :'iBk nB[;ko bkr{
eoB d/ :sB j' oj/ jB. XB s/ wkBth ;kXBK dh
xkN sK ;P?;/th ;z;EktK B{z ;dk jh ofjzdh j? s/
fJ; d/ bJh f;XKsK dk gZbk th SZvDk T[fus
BjhA.
;NZvh ;oeb B{z nkgD/ fgS'eV dk
w[bKeD eofdnK j'fJnK, nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A dh
@wkBt ;kXB ;zGkb s/ xkVs Bhsh# B{z
BftnkT[Dk j'J/rk. r[opkDh dh nrtkJh ;q/FN
j?, ftneshtkd ns/ gdkoEtkd B{z e/tb
;kXB wkso pDkT[Dk j't/rk. gzE, ;wki, d/F,
wB[Zysk s/ ;w[Zuk pqfjwzv, fJ; ;z;Ek dh fgZmG{wh
ftZu j[bkok d/t/ ns/ ;opZs d/ Gb/ dh GktBk
;dk nzr ;zr oj/.
- pbftzdogkb f;zx
nes{po 2006
3

Asks ]xAsks
@tzd/ wksow# rhs pko/
jkdf;nK pko/ u/sBk
7 ;szpo, 2006 ~ ;t/o/ 11H00 ti/ e/Adoh ;oeko B/ ;G oki ;oekoK ~
@okFNoh rhs# tzd/ wksow d/ gfjb/ d' g?o/Q ;e{bK ftZu rkT[D bJh nkd/F fdZsk.
eKro; ;oekoK B/ fJ; ~ d/F Grsh GktBk d/ nzsors rkT[D bJh fejk. Gkosh
iBsk gkoNh B/ fejk fe T[BQK d/ ;kFD tkb/ okiK ftZu fJ; ~ bk}wh rkT[Dk ehsk
ikJ/rk s/ pkeh okiK ftZu th fJzM eoB B{z fejk. fJ; rhs B{z 1886 ftZu pew uzd
u?Noih B/ ;z;feqs #u fbfynk. wks G{wh dh tzdBk ehsh rJh j? fJ; ftZu. d' s'A
pknd d/ g?foQnK ftZu fjzd{ Xow d/ d?t g[oyK dh T[;sfs j?, fJ; ~ wo}h #s/ oZfynk
frnk j?. fJ; rhs B/ d/F GrsK ~ n}kdh d/ nzd'bB ;w/A fJe j[bkok fdZsk ;h, fJzM
wzfBnk iKdk j?. phHi/HghH d/ }poh j[ew ~ wzBD s'A fJBekoh j[zfdnK w[;bwkB s/ f;Zy
;zrmBK B/ fJ; dk fto'X ehsk. f;ZyK dh e/Adoh ;Gk, n?;HihHghH;hH ns/ fdZbh ew/Nh
B/ th fJ; dh w[ykbcs ehsh.
fdZbh ew/Nh d/ gqXkB ns/ fdZbh nekbh db d/ gqXkB, d'jK B/ fejk fe pkpk
yVe f;zx s/ wkL skok f;zx B/ fJe ;w/A fJ; rhs ~ f;ZyK tb'A ngqtkB ehsk ;h, jK!
iB-rB-wB okFNoh rkB ;kok d/F jh rkT[Adk j?. T[BQK fejk fe e'Jh th @tzd/
wksow# fizBh tko wo}h rkt/, f;ZyK B{z e'Jh jo} BjhA go fJ; ~ rkT[D bJh w}p{o
eoBk, f;ZyK d/ Xow d/ fto[ZX j?.
n?;HihHghH ;h B/ pknd ftZu fJ; rhs d/ rkT[D dk fto'X tkg; b? fbnk
fi; dh uouk nypkoK ftZu ojh. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp tZb'A ipoh rhs rkT[D ~
fJe nDT[fus rZb dZf;nk frnk s/ iZE/dko j[oK fJ; pko/ fpnkB th fdZsk.
okFNoh GktBktK dk fJ}jko j'fJnk go ;ko/ gqGkt ~ e[M oki;h gkoNhnK
dh rbs gj[zu B/ pj[s xNk e/ oZy fdZsk. fGqFNkuko dh f;]o j't/ sK b'eK B{z oki;h
s/ gqFkFeh nkr{nK T[Zs/ t?;/ th ftFtk; BjhA j[zdk.
Xkofwe ;EkBK #s/ ;j{bsK
Fq'wDh r[od[nkok
gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A ;qh dopko
;kfjp, nzfwqs;o dh xzNk xo
tkbh pkjh d/ ;qh nekb s]s d/
fgStkV/ tkb/ gk;/, EkJhb?Av
fBtk;h ;qL ;sBkw f;zx, ;qL
dbpho f;zx s/ gqtko dh ;/tk
;dek, e"wKsoh gZXo d/ pkEo{w F"ukb/ fsnko eotkJ/ ik oj/ jB. fgSb/ fdBhA
gqXkB ;qL ntsko f;zx j[oK, ;qL r[owhs f;zx, ;qL ifszdogkb f;zx, ;qL fdbw/x
f;zx, ;qL jop/nzs f;zx, ;qL o{g f;zx, ;qL i;ftzdo f;zx iZ;h s/ j'oBK ;ZiDK s/
nkoehN?eN-fJzihBhno-fpbvoK dh Nhw sfjs fJ; dk T[dxkNB ehsk. iE/dko
i'frzdo f;zx t/dKsh j[[oK nkFhotkd fdZsk.
;Veh jkdf;nK ftZu j}koK ikBK jo
;kb ubhnK iKdhnK jB s/ xo spkj j' iKd/
jB. fJj :[Zr n?;k j? fe ekoK, w'No;kJheb,
;e{No, N?Ag{, NoZe s/ pZ;K dh frDsh pVh s/}h
Bkb tZX ojh j? s/ fJBQK dh ;ghv th. d{i/ gk;/
;VeK dk YKuk pVh wZXw rsh Bkb fte;s
j' fojk j?. Bshik jkd;/ ! NZeoK ! Neokn !
G/V ! w"sK, }]w s/ B[e;kB jh B[e;kB. ukbe
th nDikB j'D ekoD jkd;/ tZX j[zd/ jB.
w'pkJhb c'B ns/ p?bNK pko/ ekB{zB dhnK XZihnK
T[Zv ojhnK jB. focb?eNo ns/
NoZeK$NokbhnK d/ fgSb/ fjZ;/ #u izrb/ BjhA
bZr oj/. FkfJd e'Jh cfoFsk nkJ/rk s/ ;kB{z
neb f;yk e/ ikJ/rk!
gNkfenK s'A pu'
dhtkbh d/ w"e/ jo ;kb fJj ;[B/jk
fdZsk iKdk j? fe gNkfenK s'A pu', fJj gqd{FD
c?bKd/ jB. ;oeko fJ; Xzd/ B{z pzd sK BjhA eo
;edh feT[Afe ;fGnkukoe iFBK ftZu d]b
nzdk}h, o[}rko B{z ;ZN nkfd d'F bZrDr/, go
fJ; pko/ ;gZFN, ;]s Bhsh sK pD ;edh j? fe
Bebh gNke/ Bk pDB i' jkdf;nK dk ekoB
pDd/ jB.
nes{po ;szpo2006
24

dIvwlI dI rwiq
dIvy bwlIAin
r[opkDh ftZu pj[s ;kohnK xNBktK iK b'eoktK B{z ;ze/s o{g
ftZu tos e/ ;ukJh ~ ;wMkT[D dk :sB ehsk frnk j?. go d/yD
ftZu nkfJnk j? fe pj[s tko n;hA r[opkDh rkfJD eofdnK ;ukJh ~
fdqVQkT[D dh EK ;ze/sK B{z jh fdqVQkT[D ftZu o[ZM/ j'J/ jK. T[dkjoB ti'A
dhtkbh d/ fdBK ftZu T[go'es gzesh dk rkfJB tZv/ gZXo #s/ ;[BD B{z
fwbdk j?. fJ; gzesh okjhA GkJh r[odk; ih 19thA tko dh S/thA gT[Vh
ftZu dhtkbh dh oks B{z ir wrkT[Ad/ dhftnK, oks B{z uwed/ skfonK,
pkr d/ c[ZbK, shoEK d/ w/fbnK dhnK o"DeK ns/ fJ; d/ B}kfonK B{z
nbg ekb dh y[Fh dZ;d/ ;wMkT[Ad/ jB fe r[of;Zy fJBQK ftZu yfus
BjhA j[zdk ns/ Fpd ftZu i[V e/ ;EkJh nkBzd dh gqkgsh eo b?Adk j?.
r[ow[fy ;[y cb dkfs ;pfd ;wQkbhnfB..
go id'A n;hA
dhtkbh dh okfs dht/ pkbhnfB..
~ ;EkJh oZy e/ fJ; #s/ }'o d/ e/ rkfJB eod/ jK sK G[b/yk g?Adk j? fe
GkJh ;kfjp dhtkbh dh oks d/ dhftnK dk e'Jh wjksw ;wMk oj/ j'D.
ukjhdk sK j? fe
r[ow[fy ;[y cb dkfs ;pfd ;wQkbhnfB..
~ ;EkJh gzesh oZy e/ gT[Vh dk rkfJD ehsk ikt/ feT[Afe gT[Vh dk
e/Adoh Gkt fJ; gzesh ftZu j?. fJ; gT[Vh d/ rkfJD dk dhtkbh d/ fdBK
Bkb e'Jh ;pzX BjhA ns/ fJ; dk rkfJD edh th j' ;edk j?.
;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot d/ uzd/ ftZu tkXk
g/go, fgqzfNzr ns/ j'o
yofunK ftZu j'J/ tkX/ ekoB ;kvk
fto;k ;kvk r"ot d/ wkf;e ns/
ihtB uzfdnK ftZu e[ZM tkXk ehsk
frnk j?. BthnK doK j/m fby/
nB[;ko j'DrhnK. nk; j? gkme
iB gfjb/ dh soQK g{oB ;fj:'r
fdzd/ ofjDr/.
- ;zgkde (gq'veFB s/ ftsoB)
d/F
ftd/F
;kbkBk uzdk
100$- o[gJ/
1000$- o[gJ/
ihtB w?ApofFg
d/F 1000$- o[gJ/
ftd/F 10000$- o[gJ/
pwTkW
dy p`qr
;fseko:'r ;zgkde ihU,
tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh
csfj..
nkg ih Bkb ;KM gk e/ w?A nfsnzs y[F jK. w?A
nkg ih d/ w?r}hB @;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot# s'A pj[s
gqGkfts jK. fgSb/ ;szpo 2006 ftZu w?A ;qL gqeoF
f;zx pko/ gfVQnk pj[s gqGkfts j'fJnk, T[jBK dh
Fy;hns s'A. w?A fJj ;'uD bZrk fe w?B{z nZi sZe gsk
BjhA fe gVQkJh fe; soQK dh j[zdh j?. w?A +2 ftZu
nkoN; ro[Zg dk ftfdnkoEh jK s/ w?A pj[s fwjBs
bJh fsnko jK. w?A u'D eoe/ e'Jh :'r e'o; eoBk
ukj[zdk jK i' g{oh soQK ;\b j't/. f}nkdkso w/ok
fXnkB i' okFNoh ns/ ;N/N gZXo #s/ N?;N j[zd/ jB,
T[jBK pko/ j?. w?A jo/e F];hns ftZu gVQB s'A
gfjbK t/ydk jK fe fJBQK B/ eh gk; ehsk s/ eh pD/.
ed/ w?A ;'udk jK n?wHJ/H eoK go f}nkdkso N?;N
gk; eoe/ fwjBs eoe/ T[Zuk nj[Zdk gqkgs eoBk s/
wjkB F];hnsK tKr wjkB ezwK ftZu :'rdkB
gkT[Dk w/ok ;G s'A tZvk T[d/F j?. p; J/Bk dZ; ;edk
jK ns/ i' w?A nkg ih B{z p/Bsh eoBh j? T[j fJj j? fe
w?B{z fe;/ N?;N pko/ gsk BjhA j?. feqgk eoe/ fJj
wdd }o{o eo' fe fJj pZuk th nkgD/ NhfunK B{z
g{ok eo ;e/. jZE pzB e/ p/Bsh j? fe w?B{z jo/e N?;N
pko/ ikDekoh fdZsh ikt/ s/ fezB/ ;w/A ftZu fezB/ ;w/A
pknd ns/ fe; gZXo #s/ j[zd/ jB. fit/A fe
ghH;hHn?;H gk; eoB s/ ;qL wbftzdo f;zx iZrh
vhHNhHUH bZr/. (fJ; bJh i' :'rsk ukjhdh j? T[j
th) ;G s'A gfjbk Nhuk sK fJjh j?.
pkeh pknd ftZu nkoN; ro[Zg bJh fejV/
fejV/ e'o; jB fezB/ ;w/A bJh ns/ T[; dh gfoGkFk
pko/ ikDekoh fdT[, ]k; eo fJzihBhnfozr ekbiK
ftZu uZb oj/ e'o;K pko/.
w?A fJj p/Bsh fJ; eoe/ ehsh j? fe w?A th e[M
eo ;eK s/ ;wki ;[Xkoe pD ;eK. feqgk eoe/
fBnk;o/ dh }o{o ;jkfJsk eo'. nkg ih dk XzBtkdh
j'tKrk.
r[ogqhs f;zx
ikBh;o, ibkbkpkd
(fco'}g[o)-152024
nes{po 2006
5

kO mI jQybMdk auswrI
smyN dI Aihm loV
;dhnK s'A Xow d/ ny"sh nbzpodkoK ns/ ftd/Fh jwbktoK dh b[ZN y;[ZN dk
fFeko j'Jh b'ekJh B{z nBhAdo/ ftZu'A eZY eqKshekoh bfjo d/ o{g ftZu bkwpzd eoB dk
ekoi irs d/ ofjpo r[o{ BkBe ih B/ ehsk. opkp dh X[zB s/ id'A nekbh c[owkBK dk
gqekF j'fJnk sK frnkB dh jB/oh B/ ;Ekfgs j' u[ZehnK wBwsh, nzX-ftFtk;h,
eoweKvh ns/ nfrnkBh oj[ohsK B{z iVQ'A T[ykV ;[ZfNnk. r[o{ i's B/ d; ikfwnK ftZu
;opZs d/ Gb/ dh bfjo B{z pky{ph iE/pzd ehsk ns/ ykb;/ B{z yzv/-pkN/ dh gkj[b pyfFF
eoe/ nekb g[oy dh c"i ti'A fsnko-po-fsnko eo fdZsk. d;w fgsk d/ i'sh i's
;wkT[D T[gozs ;w/A d/ j[ewokBK B/ fJ; bfjo B{z e[ubD dh e'Jh e;o Bk SZvh, go
ykb;kJh ikj' ibkb B/ gzi dfonktK d/ x/o/ B{z csfj eoe/ FeshFkbh f;zxk;D ekfJw
eo fdZsk.
;w/A B/ eotN ykXh, eohp nZXh ;dh T[gozs f;Zy oki dk ;{oi fSgD bZrk.
nzro/} dhnK e{NBhse ukbK 1849 JhL ftZu FeshFkbh oki ~ dZpD ftZu ekw:kp j'
rJhnK. ;zB 1849 JhL s'A 1873 JhL sZe nzro/} B/ f;Zy f;XKsK Bkb oZi e/ fybtkV
ehsk. fizBQK e[ohshnK ~ r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ Xow n;EkBK ftZu'A eZfYnk ;h, T[j f;Zy Xkofwe
;z;EktK s/ r[od[nkfonK #s/ th jkth j' rJhnK. ;qh dopko ;kfjp, nzfwqs;o fty/ th
j[ewokB w{oshnK ;Ekfgs eoe/ NZb yVekT[D ftZu ekw:kp j' frnk. nkfyo f;Zy
i}pksK B/ T[pkb ykXk, BkwXkoh, fBozekoh ns/ g'm'jkoh bfjoK dk T[Gko j'fJnk, go
fJj bfjoK nkg' ftZu NeokT[AdhnK fe;/ ezY/ Bk gj[zu ;ehnK. 30 i[bkJh, 1873 ~
mke[o f;zx ;zXktkbhnk d/ T[dwK ;dek nk; dh fJe j'o feoB @@f;zx ;Gk bfjo## d/ o{g
ftZu nzfwqs;o dh Xosh #s/ gqekFwkB j'Jh. fJ; bfjo ftZu gq'L r[ow[Zy f;zx, frnkBh
fdZs f;zx ns/ frnkBh itkjo f;zx dk nkrwB y/V/ b? nkfJnk. ftT[AspZX sohe/ Bkb
e"w iE/pzd j'D bZrh. uhc ykb;k dhtkB nXhB f;Zy ftfdne ;z;EktK j'Ad ftZu
nkJhnK. ikro{e j'J/ f;Zy r[od[nkok ;[Xko bfjo d/ o{g ftZu bkwpzd j' rJ/ ns/ nkfyo
r[od[nko/ n}kd eotkT[D T[gozs Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh dh ;EkgBk fJ;
bfjo dh tZvh gqkgsh j' fBpVh.
r[od[nkfonK dh n}kdh B/ fit/A nzro/} je{ws dk f;zxk;D fjbk fdZsk.
f;oc f;ZyK d/ BjhA, ;r'A ;w[Zu/ d/F tk;hnK d/ j"A;b/ p[bzd j' rJ/. wjkswk rKXh B/ pkpk
yVe f;zx ih B{z ]s okjhA tXkJh fdzfdnK r[od[nkfonK dh n}kdh B{z d/F dh n}kdh dh
gfjbh bVkJh dh tZvh fiZs fbfynk. fBo;zd/j f;zx ;Gk bfjo ns/ r[od[nkok ;[Xko
bfjo B/ Gkos dh n}kdh dh BhAj oZy fdZsh. ikro{e j'J/ f;Zy pZpo nekbh bfjo d/ o{g
ftZu iE/pzd j' rJ/. T[BQK d/F tk;hnK d/ y{B B{z jb{fDnk ns/ Gkos d/ rb'A r[bkwh dhnK
izihoK T[skoB bJh 80 ch;dh s'A tZX e[opkBhnK d/ e/ 15 nr;s, 1947 B{z n}kd
Gkos dk ;[gBk ;keko eo fdZsk.
fJfsjk; B/ fco gzB/ gos/. f;Zy ;z;EktK nt/;bhnK j'D bZrhnK. nk}kd
Gkos ftZu f;Zy fco s'A wBwsh ns/ nXowh oj[ohsK d/ r[bkw j' rJ/. f;ZyK dh Fq'wDh
;z;Ek dk f;nk;heoB j'D Bkb r[owfs ftukoXkok dh gqc[Zbsk B{z Gkoh ;ZN bZrh. fi;
szpke{ d/ y/s tZb dh bzxD s'A d;w/F fgsk d/ x'V/ B/ th BKj eo fdZsh ;h nZi T[jh szpke{
vkL tfozdogkb f;zx
;qL fJepkb f;zx
;fj:'rh g'qL (G{wh)
ghHJ/H:{H, b[fXnkDk
d/ g?eN d/F ftZu jo fgzv$w[jZb/ d/ jo xo d/
ftjV/ ns/ rbhnK ftZu fyzv/ gzE dodhnK B{z
jb{D oj/ jB. e'Jh ftofbnK ~ SZv xo-xo
B"itkB gfss ns/ BFJh j' u[Ze/ jB. f;Zy ;z;EktK
dk pj[sk fXnkB tZv/ tZv/ ;wkrwK #s/ g?;k youD
s/ tkj tkj eoB eotkT[D sZe ;hws ofj fojk
j?. fgSb/ tfoQnK ftZu Fskpdh ;wko'jK s/ j'J/
;wkrwK d/ ikj' ibkb f;Zy ftukoXkok dh
gqc[Zbsk ftZu pj[s/ ;jkJh BjhA j' ;e/. i/ fe;/
fJbke/ ftZu ;/tk ekoiK dk n;o iK gqkgshnK dk
wkgdzv oZyDk j't/ sK T[; fJbke/ d/ tk;hnK ftZu
@@r[owfs f;XKsK dh ;gZFNsk## ns/ @@fBs
ftjko d/ ekoiK ftZu r[owfs dh Mbe## jh j'
;edk j?. fgSb/ djkfenK ftZu ;wkrwK #s/ eo'VK
o[gJ/ you e/ th n;hA fJ; gqkgsh bJh n;\b oj/
jK.
g[oksB f;ZyK dhnK ihtB rkEktK dh
;kyh God/ fJfsjk; d/ gzB/ p'bd/ jB fe f;ZyK d/
feodko fJsB/ nkeoFe s/ nkdoFe j[zd/ fe
nes{po 2006
6

fijBK okjK s'A r[io iKd/ T[BQK okjK dh fwZNh th g{iD:'r j' iKdh. d[FwDK dhnK pj{-
p/NhnK th T[jBK okjK dh fwZNh w;se B{z bkT[Dk XzB Gkr ;wMdhnK. go nZi tZv/ tZv/
;wkrwK #s/ eo'VK o[gJ/ you ehs/ ikD d/ pkti{d th feT[A BjhA bZGd/ fJj f;Zy< eh xkN
j?< fet/A d{o j't/< e[M nfij/ ;tkb jB fijV/ jo gzE dodh dh dfjbhi #s/ yV's/ itkp
gJ/ wzrd/ jB. ;kvh GktBk Fskpdh ;wko'jK d/ ;pzX ftZu ehs/ ik oj/ tZv/-tZv/ ;wkrwK
B{z w[ezwb s"o #s/ BkekoB dh BjhA. pbfe b'V j? fJjBK ;wkrwK dh frDsh B{z b'V
nB[;ko fBoXkos eoe/ fJBQK ftZu'A fwb/ tesh T[sFkj B{z iE/pzde ftXh-ftT[As ftZu
go'D dh.
fJ; b/y ftZu n;hA w"i{dk u[D"shnK dk BeFk fyufdnK 9-B[eksh ;/tk ekoiK
tZb f;Zy ;z;EktK dk fXnkB e/Adfos eoB dk :sB eo oj/ jK L
1H f;ZyK dk r[opkDh Bkb'A N[ZNDk L
f;Zy pj[-frDsh rqzEh f;zxK B{z wkfJnk d/ e/ gkm eotkT[D ftZu tX/o/ o[fus j'
u[Zeh j?. nzfwqsXkoh f;ZyK ftZu th fBsB/whnK dh frDsh xZN ojh j?. Xkfowe n;EkBK
#s/ 5000$- o[gJ/ d/ gkm, 10000$- o[gJ/ dk gkm, vhbe; gkm nkfde fJzM fted/ jB
fit/A fe;/ wzvh ftZu ;kXkoB t;sK. j[ewBkw/ vke okjhA xo G/i fdZs/ iKd/ jB. fJj e'Jh
wkw{bh rZb BjhA. ;w{j froktNK dk w{b ekoB jh f;ZyK dk r[opkDh Bkb'A N[ZNDk j?. id
f;ZyK B/ r[opkDh gVQBh jh SZv fdZsh s/ fJj f;oc g[ikoh Fq/Dh dk Xzdk pD e/ ofj frnk
sK f;ZyK d/ ihtB ftu'A r[owfs dh y[Fp' dh nk; oZyDk feXo dh f;nkDg j?<
jZb L f;Zy ;z;EktK B{z r[opkDh nkg gVQD, ;wMD s/ ewkT[D dh bfjo B{z T[sFkfjs
eoBk ukjhdk j?. f;oc uVQktk fJeZso eoB bJh ubkJ/ ik oj/ pkDh d/ tgkoheoB dh
gqfeqnk T[go gkpzdh bZrDh ukjhdh j?. ;w{j gzE dodh ;z;EktK ns/ r[od[nkok gqpzXe
ew/NhnK B{z ukjhdk j? fe jo r[od[nkok ;kfjp fty/ r[opkDh dh ;zE:k dk gqpzX eoB ns/
jo f;Zy B{z fBsB/w dhnK pkDhnK d/ Bkb-Bkb o'}kBk r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ xZN'-xZN fJe
Fpd B{z nkg gVQD s/ ;wMD bJh T[sFkfjs eoB.
2H f;Zy B"itkBK dk BfFnK ns/ gfssg[D/ ftZu rbskB j'Dk L
;e{bK-ekbiK d/ ftfdnkoEhnK dk nkgD/ nwho fto;/ B{z SZv e/ tZv/ gZXo #s/
gfss j'Dk ns/ BfFnK d/ jVQ ftZu o[VBk nkT[Ad/ ;w/A ftZu e"w dh B;be[Fh eo d/t/rk.
eJh soQK d/ nkX[fBe BfFnK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;e{bK$ekbiK, w[jZb/$fgzvK ns/ jo w'V #s/
ozr fpozr/ g?eNK ftZu fted/ szpke{ d/ wko{ gqGktK dk ;zskg f;ZyK B{z jh BjhA ;w[Zu/ d/F B{z
G[rsDk gt/rk.
jZb L szpke{ dh y[ZbQh fteoh ns/ iBse EktK #s/ tos'A ;pzXh wkD:'r ;[gohw e'oN
gfjbK jh o'e brk u[Zeh j?. gqzs{ fJ; ftXkB B{z nwb ftZu nkT[D bJh ni/ :sB ehs/
ikD/ }o{oh jB. ;w{zj ;wki ;/th ns/ Xkofwe ;z;EktK B{z ozr$B;b$Xow d/ G/d-Gkt s'A
T[Zgo T[Zm e/ iE/pzd j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ;KM/ w[jkM tZb'A oki ns/ e/Ado ;oekoK B{z nkgDh
f}zw/tkoh gqsh ;[u/s eoe/ szpke{ dh fteoh #s/ w[ezwb o'e brkT[Dh ukjhdh j?.
gfssg[D/ ns/ BfFnK s'A pukT[D bJh B"itkBK B{z r[od[nkfonK$;e{bK$ekbiK d/ y[ZbQ/
w?dkBK ftZu y/vD ns/ e;os eoB bJh o'}kBk fJeZso eoBk ns/ r[owfs nB[;koh
wkj"b f;oi e/ T[BQK B{z nwho fto;/ s'A ikD{ eotkT[Dk n;odkfJe jZb j't/rk.
3H r[od[nkfonK dh p/b'Vh T[;koh L
d/F ftd/F ftZu iksK iK fco f;nk;h fjZsK dh ykso tZy-tZy r[od[nkfonK dh
T[;koh tZv/ gZXo #s/ j' ojh j?. e"w dk tvw[Zbk ;owkfJnk fJBQK ekoiK ftZu e/Adfos j'
u[Zfenk j?. idfe pj[s r[od[nkok ;kfjpkB ftZu ig[ih dk F[X gkm eoB tkbk ;/tkdko
th BjhA fwbdk, rqzEh f;zx iK gqpzX dh f}zw/tkoh th
f;nk;h iK r[owfs s'A nBikD b'eK e'b j[zdh j?.
;qL fJepkb f;zx
fi; ekoB r[owfs d/ gquko e/Ado wBwsh ;'u d/
gquko e/Ado pD oj/ jB.
jZb L ;z;ko d/ ;w{j r[od[nkfonK B{z ;qh nekb
s]s nXhB ofi;No eotkT[Dk }o{oh j'Dk
ukjhdk j?. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp tb'A
r[od[nkfonK dh fsnkoh bJh w[ZYbhnK b'VK
Bh:s ehshnK ikDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. fizBK ftZu
GkJh r[odk; g[;sekb/, ehosB f;ybkJh dk
gqpzX, r[opkDh ;zE:k dk :'r gqpzX, fv;g?A;oh,
gzikph ;e{b, B"itkBK bJh y/v-nykVk nkfd
bk}wh eo d/Dk ukjhdk j?. r[od[nkfonK ftZu
cK;bk th fBoXkfos eoBk }o{oh j?. fJfsjk;e
r[od[nkfonK B{z SZv e/ xZN'-xZN 5 feb'whNo d/
x/o/ ftZu iK fco nkpkdh d/ w[skpe r[od[nkok
;kfjp dh T[;koh dh nkfrnk d/Dh ukjhdh j?.
r[od[nkfonK dh BthB T[;koh bJh eko ;/tk tkb/
wjKg[oyK dk :'rdkB G[bkfJnk BjhA ik ;edk.
gqzs{, fJBQK wjKg[oyK B{z gq/oDk eoe/ g[oksB
fJfsjk;e fJwkosK B{z BFN Bk eoB ns/ T[sFkj
d/ ;'fwnK ti'A ;zGkbD bJh ikro{e eoBk ukjhdk
j?.
4H d/jXkoh r[o{ vzw L
fgzvK, BroK, e;fpnK ftZu pj[s ;ko/
b'e d/jXkoh r[o{ vzw dk gqGkt ep{b u[Ze/ jB.
fJBQK d/jXkoh r[o{ vzwK d/ gqpzXe nzfwqs ;zuko d/
;wkrw th eod/ jB, go ;zrsK B{z r[opkDh Bkb
i'VB dh pikJ/ F];h g{ik tZb tX/o/ o[fus jB.
jZb L Xow gquko ew/Nh B{z ;w{j f;Zy
;z;EktK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb uzr/ p[bkfonK, YkvhnK,
ethFoK, eEktkueK dh gj[zu fgzv-fgzv sZe
eotkT[Dh ukjhdh j?. Xow gquko d/ ekoi B{z ftXh
ftT[As Bkb bkwpzd eoe/ jh ;zrsK B{z r[o{ vzwK s'A
pukfJnk ik ;edk j?.
5H f;Zy ftfdne ndkfonK ftZu fBxko L
f;ZyK e'b ftfdne ;z;EktK dh xkN
BjhA, go e[M ftofbnK ~ SZv e/ fJBQK ;w{zj
;z;EktK ftZu r[owfs f;XKsK gqsh ikro{esk
g?dk eoB dk T[d/F sK fit/A X{c d/ e/ ;KG fdZsk
frnk j?. ftfdnk d/ fwnko gZy'A th fBxko nk
fojk j?.
jZb L e"wh gZXo #s/ ;w{zj f;Zy ftfdne
nes{po 2006
7

;z;EktK dh ftfdne e"A;b dk rmB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; e"A;b B{z ftfdnk d/ fwnko B{z
;KGD d/ Bkb Bkb r[owfs f;XKsK dh ikro{esk ;zpzXh T[u/u/ s"o #s/ ekoiFhb j'Dk
ukjhdk j?. jo ;z;Ek d/ nZtb doi/ d/ u"Dt/A ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ftF/F f;ybkJh d/ gqpzX
eoe/ T[jBK B{z nkJhHJ/Hn?;H$ ghH;hHn?;H nkfde w[ekpfbnK bJh fsnko eoBk ukjhdk
j?. ftfdnkoEhnK dh o[uh nB[;ko T[Zu gkJ/ d/ ftfrnkBh, vkeNo nkfde pBD bJh th
f;ybkJh d/ ftF/F gqpzX j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.
6H gq;ko wkfXnwK tZb'A f;Zy f;XKsK Bkb fybtkV L
f;ZyK B/ Fskpdh ;wko'jK #s/ eo'VK o[gJ/ you e/ nkgD/ wBK B{z r[og[op
wBkT[D dh s;Zbh d/ bJh j? ns/ nrbhnK FskpdhnK #s/ j'o youD bJh th fsnko
jB. go nypkoK, o;kfbnK, feskpK, e?;NK, NhHthH, o/vhU u?BbK nkfd okjhA f;Zy
f;XKsK ;pzXh ehs/ ik oj/ r[wokje[zB gquko ;zpzXh n;hA nt/;b/ jK.
jZb L f;Zy ftdtkBK ns/ gzE dodh B"itkBK dk fJZe ;zrmB fsnko eoBk
}o{oh j? i' gq;ko d/ ;w[Zu/ wkfXnwK T[go fsZyh B}o oZy/. fJsok}:'r ;wZroh dh
gfjukD T[gozs wkwbk Xow gquko ew/Nh B{z ikt/, i' ;w[Zu/ gzE dk ;fj:'r b? e/ Fokosh
nB;oK B{z o'eD bJh ekB{zBh s"o #s/ :sBFhb oj/.
7H r[owfs ns/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh gqekfFs j' ojhnK ouBktK dk nkg j[dokgB L
nkw s"o #s/ fJfsjk;ekoK iK ;z;EktK tb'A nkgD/ gZXo #s/ ouBktK gqekfFs
ehshnK iKdhnK jB. frnkB dh xkN iK r[owfs f;XKsK dh n;gFNsk ekoB eJh tko
F[G GktBktK Bkb gqekfFs ehsk ;kfjs th d[fpXk ns/ nfrnkB B{z gqc[Zfbs eo fdzdk j?
ns/ eJh tko fJj ezw ikD-p[M e/ th ehsk iKdk j?.
jZb L e"wh gZXo #s/ ;kfjs dh gqekFBk bJh ftdtkB ;ZiDK d/ w}p{s ;zrmB
dh b'V j?. SgD tkbhnK ;w{zj gqekFBktK ns/ gq;kfos ehs/ ikD tkb/ tZy-tZy gq;ko
wkfXnwK dh x'y gVskb T[gozs jh ;zrsK bJh gqekFs iK gq;kos eoB dh nkfrnk
d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj ;zrmB ekoiFhbsk ftZu fBg[zB s/ c[oshbk j'Dk ukjhdk j?, sK i'
uzrhnK gqekFBktK d/ SgD ftZu d/oh j'D dhnK ;zGktBktK th Bk ofjD. tZy-tZy
ftfFnK #s/ gqekfFs j' u[Ze/ ;w[Zu/ ;kfjs dh ftT[AspZX ikDekoh th e"w e'b BjhA j?. fJ;
;pzXh e"wh gZXo #s/ ;w{zj Xkofwe g[;seK$e?;NK nkfd dk ftFk ;{uh (Subject
catalogue) ns/ fbykoh ;{uh (Author catalogue) pDkJ/ ikD dh nfjw b'V j?. Sg
u[ZehnK iK gqekFs j' u[ZehnK gqekFBktK dk w[bKeD th j'Dk ukjhdk j?.
8H wjZstg{oB t;hfbnK dh ;zGkb ;pzXh nt/;bkgD L
ftF/F j[Bo oZyD tkb/ B"itkBK ;pzXh e"w fpbe[Zb ;[u/s BjhA j?. ;kv/ ekbiK
ftZu fbyD, p'bD iK nkr{ dk j[Bo oZyD tkb/ pj[s B"itkBK B{z Bk;fse iK j'o nBwsh
;z;EktK nkgDh ftukoXkok ftZu spdhb eoe/ nkgDh ;'u d/ gq;ko bJh tos ojhnK
jB. nzsookFNoh gZXo d/ fyvkohnK, ftfrnkBhnK, vkeNoK, gqpzXeK, fuzseK, y/sh
wkfjoK ns/ ftdtkBK dh ;zGkb bJh th e"w e'b e'Jh ftF/F ftXh ftT[As BjhA j?.
jZb L tZy-tZy y/soK d/ wkfjoK dh ;/tk ;zGkb ns/ bkwpzdh bJh e"wh gZXo #s/ wB[Zyh
t;hb/ ftek; ftGkr dk ;zrmB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. okFNoh$nzsookFNoh gZXo #s/ ftuoB
tkb/ BhshtkBK$wkfjoK dk ;wki T[;koh ftZu tZvk :'rdkB j[zdk j?. fJeZb/ fJeZb/ s"o #s/
th fJBQK ftneshnK ftZu ;z;Ek fizBh ;woZEk j[zdh j?. fJBQK wkfjoK dh fBFkBd/jh T[gozs
T[jBK dh ;[ftXk nB[;ko S'NhnK S'NhnK fJeZsosktK okjhA f;Zy f;XKsK gqsh ikro{e
eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJj fJeZsosktK s/ fwbDhnK dk f;bf;bk fBozso ikoh ofjDk
ukjhdk j? sK i' fJBQK Fy;hnsK B{z nkgD/ ekoi y/so ftZu brB Bkb ezw eofdnK
r[owfs ftukoXkok B{z ewkT[D ns/ gq;kfos eoB bJh T[sFkfjs oZfynk ik ;e/.
9H iE/pzde nB[FkFB dh xkN L
T[go'es ftukohnK rJhnK ;w{zj
;wZf;nktK ;qL fJepkb dk :'rf;zx
jZb iE/pzde skes jh eo
;edh j?. jo ;z;Ek fJeZb/ fJeZb/ s"o #s/ nkgDh
wo}h Bkb gquko ekoiK bJh :sBFhb j?. Bk sK
e'Jh e"wh fdFk fBod/F jB s/ Bk jh e'Jh fe;/ dh
nXhBrh ;theko eoB bJh fsnko j?. e"w e'b
nkw ;kXkoB ftnesh sZe gj[zu bJh e'Jh
iE/pzde YKuk BjhA s/ Bk jh fJ; ;pzXh e'Jh m';
T[gokb/ j' oj/ jB.
jZb L d/FK ftd/FK ftZu t;d/ f;ZyK B{z
iE/pzd eoB bJh tZX s'A tZX 10-10 fgzvK$BroK
d/ ;w{j ftZu tzv e/ iE/pzd eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJBQK
fgzvK$BroK ftZu ssgo s/ r[owfs f;XKsK d/
ikD{z f;ZyK dh fBFkBd/jh eoe/ T[BQK ~ xZN'-xZN
10-10 gfotkoK nzdo r[owfs f;XKsK dh
gqc[Zbsk dh f}zw/tkoh d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJBQK
;/tkdkoK dhnK wkf;e fJeZsosktK eoe/ T[jBK
gk;'A T[jBK ~ ;"Ag/ rJ/ 10-10 gfotkoK ftZu ehs/
;/tk ekoiK dh w[ezwb fog'oN b?Dh ukjhdh j?.
T[BQK dh f;ybkJh bJh r[owfs f;ybkJh
e?AgK$fenkohnK nkfd nk:'fis j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.
nkJhnK ;wZf;nktK d/ jZb ;[MkT[D d/ Bkb-Bkb
nrkT{A ekoi ftT[As th dZ;Dh ukjhdh j?. ftXh
ftT[As Bkb iE/pzde YKu/ nXhB jo f;Zy gfotko
sZe gj[zu eoe/ fBFkBk oZyDk ukjhdk j? fe jo
f;Zy gfotko dk jo w?Apo fBsB/wh j't/, r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp ih dk o'}kBk gkm eodk j't/, r[owfs
f;XKsK gqsh ;gZFN j't/ ns/ T[; d/ ihtB ftjko
ftu'A r[owfs dh y[Fp' nkt/. i/ n;hA fJj w}p{s
YKuk pDk e/ jo f;Zy gfotko sZe gj[zuD ftZu
ekw:kp j' ikJhJ/ sK T[go'es u[D"shnK sK eh
FeshFkbh skesK B{z th r[o{ gzE nZr/ M[eDk
gt/rk. u/s/ oj/ fe fJj e"wh iE/pzde skesK jh ;h
fe wjkokik oDihs f;zx B{z (r[owfs dh T[bzxDk
eoB d/ d'F ftZu) nekbh pkpk c{bk f;zx tb'A
ehsh skVBk gqsh T[; d/ bkgqtkjh fdykJ/ ikD s/
id'A gzE ykb;/ B/ nekbh ih d/ fJe jh fJFko/ s/
wjkoki/ B{z fgZm d/ fdZsh sK T[; B{z ykb;/ dh
eufjoh ftZu g/F j' e/ sBykj btkT[D bJh
w}p{o j'Dk fgnk ;h. nkT[Ad/ Fskpdh ;wko'jK B{z
;wofgs j[zd/ j'J/ i/ n;hA @nekb g[oy eh c"i# ti'A
bkwpzd j' ikJhJ/ sK @oki eo/rk ykb;k# dk
wjKtke ;fji/ jh cbh G{s j' ikt/rk.
nes{po 2006 8

;sBkw f;zx @;bQ'g[oh#
vkfJo?eNo, :[te ;/tktK
s/ gqpzXeh eBthBo
34tK ;kbkBk e/Adoh ;wkrw
pRgqI Jwq
r[
opkDh tZb'A do;kJh r[owfs i[rs ~ nXko pDk e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
;NZvh ;oeb B/ nkgD/ nkg ~ ftFt gZXo #s/ ;wkfie-Xkofwe-ftfdne s/
;fGnkukoe ;zrmB ti'A ;Ekgs eoB tb :'r edw ehsk j?. tZy-tZy ;{fpnK ftZu
}'B s/ :{fBN pDk e/ ns/ ftd/FK ftZu th ;opZs d/ Gb/ dk ;[B/jk gj[zukD d/ :sBK
Bkb r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ nkgD/ ftZs ns/ t;hfbnK d/ w[ekpb/ tX/o/
;\bsk gqkgs ehsh j?. iZE/pzdh nkgDk 34tK ;kbkBk ;wkrw wBkT[D ik ojh j?. 33
;kbK dk f}eo eofdnK vkL joh f;zx ikue j'oK fbfynk j?L
33 ;kbK #u r[o{ dh fwjo ;dek wZbK wkohnK jo w?dkB nzdo.
fJzNoB?ZN ns/ t?p;kJhN T[s/ uouk j' ojh ;ko/ ijkB nzdo.
:{B?;e' s'A wkBsk fwbh id s'A, j'fJnk f;o T[Zuk, f;Zyh FkB nzdo.
jkJh e'oN dk c?;bk id'A nkfJnk, d'yh j' T[m/ go/FkB nzdo.
fgSb/ fszB ;kbK s'A fgqzL okw f;zx ih ns/ vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih j'oK dh
i'Vh eqwtko uh\ nkor/BkJh}o s/ uh\ ;eZso ti'A nrtkJh d/D bJh nZr/ nkJh.
fJ; Nhw B/ Act Locally and think Globally #s/ nwb eofdnK ;z;ko gZXo #s/
;'uDk F[o{ ehsk. wbNhwhvhnk seBkb'ih d/ }wkB/ ftZu iZE/pzde e?vo ~ nkX[fBe
seBheK Bkb b?; eoBk F[o{ ehsk. vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih ne;o fejk eod/ jB fe
ftuko gquko ns/ gq;ko bJh nfijhnK gqekFBktK tX/o/ wjZstg{oB jB fijBK dk
nkw b'eK #s/ tX/o/ S/sh n;o g?Adk j?. fJ; gqEkJ/ gqGktFkbh thvhU ;hvh} ns/
BkNeK bJh yoV/ fsnko ehs/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB. fgzvK$FfjoK$;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu
Gog{o ;bkJhv F'n gqdofFs j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ e/Adoh
dcso e'b fJZe Utoj?v gq'i?eNo j'fJnk eodk ;h. fco ;bkJhv gq'i?eNo nkfJnk.
vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih j'oK e/Adoh d\so bJh
n?bH ;hH vhH gq'i?eNo yohfdnk s/ fJ; dh dZp e/
tos'A ehsh rJh. fJ; gq'i?eNo Bkb 300 s'A tZX
;bkJhv F'n @@e/; s/ d;sko## pko/ ehs/ rJ/.
ekoiFkbktK, ;wkrwK, ;?whBkoK nkfd ;w/A T[;
dh tos'A ehsh rJh. nZi tkfjr[o{ dh feqgk
;dek r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ e?vo
e'b 5 n?bH ;hH vhH gq'i?eNo, 13 ;bkJhv
gq'i?eNo ns/ fszB Uto j?Zv gq'i?eNo ns/ 6
b?gNkg jB. tZy-tZy }'BK ftZu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
;NZvh ;oeb dhnK nkgDhnK BkNe wzvbhnK
fsnko j'JhnK jB, thH vhH U fcbwK fsnko
j'JhnK jB. tZy-tZy fcbwK dh g/Fekoh ehsh
rJh j?.
ni'e/ :[Zr ftZu jo ekoi ftZu
fBg[zBsk jk;b eoB bJh ;{uBk seBkb'ih dk
;[uZik fJ;s/wkb eoBk }o{oh j?. ;/tk ekoiK d/
y/so ftZu ezfgT{NoheoB ns/ fJzNoB?ZN
seBkb'ih ns/ t?p;kJhN dh ;[Zuih tos'A Bkb
;w[Zuh iZE/pzde ekoi ftT[As ~ jkJhN?e ;kXB
w[jZJhnk ehs/ ik oj/ jB. uh\ nkor/BkJh}o s/
uh\ ;eZso ih dh ;[uZih nrtkJh ;dek
iZE/pzde d\soK dk ezfgT{NoheoB ehsk ik
fojk j?. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh
t?p;kJhN www.ggssc.net dh g[Bo ;EkgBk
eoe/ fJ; ~ nZg-N{-v/N ehsk frnk j?. e/Adoh
dcso s'A b? e/ ;N/N ns/ }'Bb dcsoK dk
ezfgT{NoheoB eoB bJh ftF/F T[dw nozG/
rJ/ jB. ;qL pjkdo f;zx, :{H e/H d/ wkfJe
;fj:'r ;dek r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/
e/Adoh dcso dh B?ZN-tofezr j' u[Zeh j?. e/Adoh
dcso d/ jo ftzr, ndko/, vkfJo?eN'o/N dk
foekov ezfgT{No okjhA ;zGkfbnk ik fojk j?.
r[odk;g[o, j[fFnkog[o, w[jkbh, cohde'N }'B,
gzikp ;N/N, jfonkDk ;N/N, wjKokFNok ;N/N s/
nes{po 2006
9

j'o pj[s ;ko/ ;N/N, }'Bb dcsoK dk ezfgT{NoheoB j' u[Zek j?. nZi t?Zp;kJhN ns/
fJzNoB?ZN okjhA iZE/pzde ikDekoh dk ndkB-gqdkB ehsk ik fojk j?.
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ ;/tk ekoiK dh bVh ~ j'o s/} eoB bJh
fiZE/ fJZe e[nkfb; rZvh yohdh, UE/ gqkEfwesk ekoiK bJh wo{sh UwBh t?B yohdh
s/ fJ; toQ/ iZE/pzdh d/ tgkoe ndko/ fit/A g[;se gqdoFBhnK, nk; feoB BFk S[vkT[
e/Ado dh d/yGkb nkfd ekoiK bJh pb?o' rZvh yohdh j?. fJZe rZvh fco'}g[o-w'rk }'B
B/ ;fsr[o{ dh pyfFF ;dek iZE/pzde ;/tk ekoi s/} eoB bJh yohdh j?. ;w[Zu/
d\so s/ }'BK ~ w[pkJhb \'BK Bkb b?; eoe/ N?eBkb'ih dk iZE/pzde gqc[bsk bJh
tZX s'A tZX bkG b?Dk F[o{ ehsk j?.
ftd/FK ftZu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb ~ ;orow eoB bJh e/Adoh
dcso fty/ fJzNoB?FBb e'-nkovhB/FB ;?Zb dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh s/ B?FBb
e'nkovhB/NoK dh fB:[esh ehsh rJh. ftd/FK ftZu e?Ag, ekoiFkbktK, ;?whBko
;wkrwK d/ nk:'iB j'D/ F[o{ j'J/ jB.
fJ; toQ/ tkfjr[o{ dh ngko feqgk ojh. ;fsr[o{ B/ so[Zm e/ ;/tk bJh.
foekov-s'V ;wkrw j'J/ jB. ;kps ;{os j'J/ 4000 B"itkBK ~ w?vb d/ e/ ;BwkfBs
ehsk j?. 2006 toQ/ ftZu GkJh sko{ f;zx fdt; d/ Bkw EZb/ 12 ;EkBK #s/ ftfdnkoEh
;zw/bB i' phV pkpk p[ZYk ih (nzfwqs;o) r[odk;g[o, ibzXo, ekbk ;zfxnk
(eg{oEbk) gkbdh (j[fFnkog[o), nBzdg[o ;kfjp (o'gV), csfjrVQ ;kfjp,
b[fXnkDk, w;s{nkDk ;kfjp (;zro{o), w[es;o ;kfjp, w'rk s/ :w[BkBro
(jfonkDk) fty/ ehs/ rJ/. jo/e ;wkrw #s/ 3 s'A 5 j}ko sZe dk fJeZm j'fJnk.
;kps ;{os j'J/ B"itkBK ~ ;BwkBs eoB dk nkb"fee B}kok d/yD bJh ;zrsK j[zwj[zwk
e/ nkJhnK.
r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh Fjhdh Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs ;?whBko eotkT[D dh
rZb s[oh sK iZE/pzdh B/ ;?whBkoK dh bVh ubk fdZsh. nzfwqs;o, ibzXo, w[jkbh,
b[fXnkDk, gfNnkbk, d/jokd{B (T[soKub), w[zpJh (wjKokFNo), u/BJh
(skfwbBkv{) s/ fJzrb?Av fty/ Got/A 9 ;?whBko ehs/ rJ/, fiBQK ftZu gzEe nkr{nK,
ftdtkBK s/ ;zrsK B/ GothA Fw{bhns ehsh. Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs tZy-tZy }'BK ftZu
r[opkDh ezm w[ekpb/ j'J/, @;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot# d/ d' ftF/F nze Fskpdh ~
;wofgs ehs/ rJ//. ;hH vhH fsnko j'JhnK ns/ @@ftFt FKsh wkou## th nkgDk
fBt/ebk gqGkt SZv frnk. 500 ;kps ;{os B"itkBK dk w'No;kJhebK #s/ ek\bk
b[fXnkDk s'A r[opkDh d/ FKsh ;fGnkuko dk ;[B/jk d/Adk j'fJnk nzfwqs;o gj[zfunk s/
;qh dopko ;kfjp ik e/ ftFt FKsh bJh nodk; ehsh rJh. fJj nb"fee B}kok
fJfsjk;e :kd pD rJh j?. iZE/pzdh d/ w[yh fgqzL okw f;zx j'oK tZb'A fbys g[;se
@FKs wjK ;{oi#, Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs gqekfFs ehsh rJh. F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe
ew/Nh B/ Fjhdh Fskpdh ;pzXh gzEe eth dopko dh ;/tk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh
;oeb d/ f}zw/ brkJh i' soBskoB ;kfjp d/ w[Zy gzvkb ftZu pky{ph fBGkJh rJh.
fJ; Fskpdh ~ ;wofgs B?FBb gZXo dk B?fse f;Zfynk e?Ag ihH nkoH vhH ne?vwh
d/jokd{B fty/ brkfJnk frnk fi; ftZu 600 d/ eohp ftfdnkoEhnK B/ Fw{bhns
ehsh.
B?fse f;Zfynk fJwfsjkB gfjb/ e/tb ekbiK ftZu jh j'fJnk eod/ ;B.
j[D ;e{bK ftZu th F[o{ ehs/ rJ/ jB. gfjb/
ftfdnkoEhnK dh Fw{bhns 4-5 ;" j[zdh ;h.
fgSb/ toQ/ ;e{bK ftZu 27,000 ftfdnkoEh
fJwfsjkB ftZu p?m/ ;B. fJ; toQ/ 32,000 (pZsh
j}ko) ftfdnkoEhnK B/ fJwfsjkB fdZsk.
fgSb/ toQ/ ekbi fJwfsjkBK ftZu 7000
ftfdnkoEh p?m/ ;B. fJ; tko d; j}ko
ftfdnkoEh p?mD dh ;zGktBk j?.
B"itkBK ~ d;sko pzBDh Bk nkT[D
eoe/ e/; eNkT[D d/ tZX oj/ o[MkB ~ d/yfdnK
fgSb/ toQ/ d;sko fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ b[fXnkDk
dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh. ;ko/ }'BK ~ nfijhnK
fJz;NhfuT{N y'bD dh ;bkj fdZsh s/ j[D tZytZy
}'BK ftZu d;sko fJz;NhfuT{N ;Ekgs j' oj/
jB.
nk; feoB BFk S[vkT{ e/Ado,
b[fXnkDk s/ j[fFnkog[o fty/ ub oj/ jB. fJ;
toQ/ febQk okJ/g[o (b[fXnkDk) fty/ th BFk
S[vkT{ e/Ado dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh. nZr'A j'o
;EkBK #s/ nfij/ ;?ANo y'bQD dh gqfefonk ikoh
j?. j[D sZe 1500 s'A tZX BF/VhnK ~ okjs
fdtkJh ik u[Zeh j?.
:[te w/b/, fenkohnK, ekoiFkbktK,
wkJh Gkr' fdt;, frnkB nziB ;wo e?Ag,
ekbiK ftZu ih nkfJnK ~ ;wkrw, d;sko
;ikT[D w[ekpb/, tih\/, ;?whBko, ftdtkBK
Bkb o{-p-o{, eth dopko, e?ohno n?Av rkJhv?A;
;?ANo, ;/tk fdt;, tZy-tZy w[fjzwK, j'bk-wjZbk,
rohp wohiK dh ;jkfJsk, BFk S[vkT[ e?Ag, BFk
fto'Xh gqdoFBhnK, ;wkfie p[okJhnK fybkc
;N/i F'n, nzso-okFNoh szpke{ fto'Xh fdt;,
fwFB fJzgbhw?ABN/FB wkou, ;bkJhv F'n,
ehosB bVhnK, ;zrhs ne?vwhnK, gqhtkoe
;zgoe w[fjzw, iZE/pzde ekoiFkbktK, Fpd r[o{
;wkrw, X[o ;zi'r, frnkB nziB gpfbe ;e{b
;hoh}, G[ukb ghVsK dh ;jkfJsk, g[;se
gqdoFBhnK, ykb;kJh r/wK, Go{D jZfsnk ns/
;wkie p[okJhnK #s/ ;?whBko,rohp p;shnK
ftZu p/p/ BkBeh f;bkJh ;?ANo nkfd ekoi uVQdh
ebk ftZu g{ok toQ/ ubd/ oj/.
nes{po 2006
10

f;Zy pZfunK ~ gZSwh ebZp ebuo d/ gqGkt s'A pukT[D bJh T[; dk pdb
d/D dh, uh\ ;eZso ih dh ohM ozr fbnkJh. id'A j?ohN/i ebZp dh ;EkgBk eoe/ fJ;
d/ eBthBo dh ;/tk phph uzBdhg e"o ~ ;"Agh rJh. nZi b[fXnkDk fty/ j?ohN/i ebZp
sfjs jo wjhB/ d/ shi/ FBhtko fvBo r?N-N{-r?do bJh ;ko/ gqhtko fJeZso j[zd/
jB. gzikph ;fGnkuko, gqzgoktK dh rZb, fJeKrh, BkNe, w'B'n?efNzr, ;feZN,
e'ohUrqkch, FpdK dh nzskeFoh s/ j'o nfij/ ;fGnkukoe gq'rokw fJ; ebZp sfjs
pZu/ wkfgnK ;w/s Fkwb j' e/ eod/ jB.
fJ; toQ/ r[od[nkok ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp gksFkjh B"thA, ibzXo fty/
ibzXo }'B d/ d\so dk T[dxkNB pekfJdk ;qL irihs f;zx (rkpk) d[nkok ehsk
frnk. cohde'N-w[es;o-pfmzvk }'B B/ e'Neg[ok fty/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb
d/ Bkw }whB b? e/ pekfJdk r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb ezgb?e; fsnko eoe/ fJZE/
nkgDk d\so s/ bkfJpq/oh dh ;EkgBk ehsh j?.
nZi id'A B"itkB gZSwh ;fGnkuko ftZu roe j' fojk j?. wkvfbzr dh j'V
ftZu gfssg[Dk tZX fojk j? sK r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ ;kps ;{os B"itkBK
~ T[Gko e/ d[BhnK ;kjwD/ g/F eoB bJh fJzd"o fty/ @fw;No f;zx# ns/ @fw; e"o#
w[ekpb/ eotkJ/. gzikp ftZu w[es;o dh Xosh #s/ ;kps-;{os B"itkBK d/ wkvfbzr
w[ekpb/ @@:zr f;Zy ;Nko nk\ wkbtk## eotkJ/ rJ/. fJ;/ soQK fJzrb?Av d/
nzsookFNoh ;kps ;{os feqeN fyvkoh w"ANh f;zx ~ T[sFkfjs eoB bJh w[jkbh fty/
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk v?g{N/FB w"ANh f;zx ~ fwfbnk ns/ fJ; wkfjo
r/Adpki ;kps ;{os f;Zy B"itkB d/ gqhtko ~ ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk.
iZE/pzdh bJh fJj th wkD dh rZb j? fe iZE/pzdh d/ w[yh fgqzL okw f;zx ih ~
gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk dh ;?B/N ns/ f;zvhe/N d/ w?Apo ti'A Bkw}d ehsk
frnk j?. iZE/pzdh d/ uh\ ;eZso vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih j'oK ~ e"wKsoh ;z;Ek
fJzNoB?FBb f;Zy eBc?vo/FB d/ w?Apo Bkw}d ehsk frnk j?.
;qL oDihs f;zx, fvgNh uh\ nkor/BkJh}o (ftZs) d/ T[Zdw, fwjBs,
:sB, fgqzL okw f;zx uh\ nkor/BkJh}o ns/ vkL uoB ewb f;zx uh\ ;eZso dh
;[uZih nrtkJh ;dek r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh e/Adoh d\so dh ;w[Zuh irQk
i' ofi;Noh Bk j'D eoe/ jo t/b/ pbv'}o fco ikD dh fuzsk dk ekoD pDh ofjzdh
;h, dh ofi;Noh bJh 12 bZy o[gJ/ d/ eohp wkfJnk fJzwgo{tw?AN NoZ;N d/ d\so
iwQK eotkJh rJh. nZi wkD Bkb efj ;ed/ jK fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/
e/Adoh d\so dh irQk iE/pzdh dh nkgDh irQk j?.
34t/A ;kbkBk ;wkrw #s/ nk oj/ tho G?D' ! n;hA pj[s e[ZM ehsk j? s/ pj[s
e[ZM eoBk pkeh j?. efjzd/ jB i/ tX/o/ ftfdnk gqkgs eoe/ th wB[Zy ~ ybes Bkb
fgnko eoB dh iku Bk nkt/ sK T[j th pd-B;hp phwko j? i' fe;/ wkfjo vkeNo s'A
fbnKdh j'Jh tXhnk dtkJh dh tos'A BjhA eo ;fenk. fJ; Xosh #s/ n;zy gVQ/-fby/
th B\os, ;kVk, Fokos, M{m, co/p, p/JhwkBh, fJZe d{i/ ~ BhtK fdykT[D dh j'V,
Bkb Go/ gJ/ jB. ;G ;z;ko ~ mhe eoBk pj[s n"yk j?, go n;zGt e[ZM BjhA. n;hA
n;zGt ~ ;zGt eoB dh ;woZEk jk;b eoBh j?. ;opZs d/ Gb/ ftZu fJj ;ko/ n;zy jh
nkT[Ad/ jB s/ id sZe fJZe th wB[Zy dk Gbk j'Dk pkeh j?, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh
;oeb B/ nkgDk ;zxoF ikoh oZyD dk c?;bk ehsk j?. efjzd/ jB, @;'u pdb' ;z;ko
pdb/rk.#
;kvh ;'u T[;ko{ ns/ nkFktkdh j?.
n;K YkT{ ns/ fBokFktkdh skesK ~ ;wki #s/
Gko{ j'D s'A o'eh oZyDk j?. ;kvk okj bzw/ok j?,
fpyVk j?, go n;K fBFu? efo ngBh ihs eo'A
,
dk ftFtk; wBK d/ nzdo b? e/ ;\bsk gkT[Dh
j?. fBZih ;[Zy bJh sK ;ko/ jh :sB eod/ jB-
;op ;[y bJh nodk; eoBh s/ fco fJ; bJh
:sBFhb j'Dk f;Zyh ftukoXkok dh Fq/FNsk j?.
nkU, ;op ;[y bJh :sBFhb j'JhJ/. nkU,
nkgD/ r"otwJh fto;/ ~ gfjukDhJ/ s/ r[owfs
dh tZX s'A tZX ikDekoh gqkgs eoe/ r[o{ r'fpzd
f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ wkfXnw okjhA f;Zyh dh
wfje ~ ;z;ko d/ e'B/-e'B/ ftZu c?bkJhJ/, sK fe
tZX ojh Bk;fsesk, gfssg[D/, BfFnK d/ e'jV
ns/ f;Zyh s'A j' ojh p/w[ysk ~ d{o ehsk ik ;e/.
e/;oh bfjo uZb/-wB[Zy ;Z[yh tZ;D- ;op ;[y j't/,
fJj r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk gqD j? fJj
;kvk sjZJhnk j?. fJj ;kvk fBFuk j? s/ fBFu/
ftZu jh csfj j?. 34t/A e/Adoh ;kbkBk ;wkrw
#s/ nk oj/ ;w[Zu/ e?vo ~ b[fXnkDk nkT[D bJh
ih nkfJnK ~ efjzd/ j'fJnK fJj' ejKrk fe
nkU, fdqVsk Bkb nZr/ tZXhJ/. @@BkBe
eufVnK f;T[ s'V Y{zY ;ZiD ;zs gfenk##
,
gq/oDk tke nB[;ko eZfunK dh gfjukD eohJ/,
G[b/fynK ftZu Bk ihthJ/ s/ gZe/ bZG rzY gkJhJ/.
tkfjr[o{ ;k~ ;kfonK ~ go;go gq/w
fgnko,J/esk, ftFtk;, j"A;bk, ftFkb fjodk,
T[sFkj s/ ;dk jh uVQdhnK ebk tkbk ihtB
gqdkB eo/.
ihtB fJZe jtk dk p[Zbk j?, i' nkT[Adk
j? ns/ ubk iKdk j?. ihtB fJZe nktk} j?, i'
ed/ th ykw'F j' ;edh j?, ihtB fJZe fyv"Dk j?,
i' ed/ th N[ZN ;edk j?. ihtB fJZe irdk
j'fJnk dhge j?, i' ed/ th p[ZM ;edk j?. ihtB
fJZe ebh j?, i' ;[Gk fybdh j? s/ Fkw ~ w[oMk
iKdh j?. nkU, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb
wkfXnw okjhA ;/tk y/so ftZu fBZso e/ ihtB ~
;\bk eohJ/ s/ ihtB d/ gbK ~ ;[Bfjoh
pDkT[D bJh :sBFhb j'JhJ/.
nes{po 2006
11

gq/oBk;q's B"itkB
sR. rivMdrpwl isMG
rZse/ d/ wkfjo ;qL oftzdogkb f;zx Bkb j'Jh ftuko uouk d/ nzF L
< nkgD/ iBw, gotfoF ns/ gVQkJh pko/ ikDekoh fdT[<
w/ok iBw 1981 ftZu f}bQk fco'}g[o ftZu j'fJnk. fJe ;kb dh T[wo ftZu jh uzr/
GftZy ns/ gVQkJh d/ wzst Bkb gfotko ;w/s n;hA nzfwqs;o nk rJ/.. w?A 10thA ;zs f;zx
;[yk f;zx ;e{b ftZu'A gk; ehsh. jkfJo ;?ezvoh dh f;Zfynk, r[o{ okwdk; ;hL;?L;e{b ftZu
gqkgs ehsh. ghHn?wHNhH ebhno eoB s'A pknd w?A ykb;k ekbi, nzfwqs;o ftZu
phHn?;H;hH n?rohebuo ftZu dkybk b? fbnk ns/ j[D w?A nkgDh fvroh d/ u"E/ ns/
nkyoh ;kb ftZu jK.
< nkgD/ gfotkoe fgS'eV pko/ ukBDk gkU<
;ZsthA ftZu gVQfdnK fgsk ih rzGho phwko j' rJ/. T[j uko ;kb sZe wzi/ #s/ jh
oj/. pj[s n"yk ;wK jzYkfJnk j?. fgsk d/ fpwko j' ikD ekoB xo ftZu e'Jh ewkT[ BjhA
;h fi; eoe/ wkbh jkbs pj[s f}nkdk ftrV rJh. 1998 ftZu fgsk ih d/ ;tortk;
j'D #s/ jbks j'o yokp j' rJ/. fJBQK jkbksK ftZu ftuod/ j'J/ w?A nkgDh gVQkJh, y/vK s/
j'o rshftXhnK tZb pVh w[Feb Bkb fXnkB fdzdk fojk, Bkb Bkb gfotko dh
f}zw/tkoh th ;zGkbdk fojk. nZi w/o/ e'b i' th j? T[j ;G r[opkDh dh pyfFF j?. w/o/ wksk
ih dk fJ; ftZu pj[s wjZstg{oB :'rdkB j?. r[opkDh ikr bkT[D ns/ nkg X[Zg eZN e/
;kB{z SK eoB tkb/ wksk ih dk w?A ;dk F[eo r[}ko ojKrk. r[opkDh B/ w/oh jo soQK d/ ;w/A
ftZu wdd ehsh j?. r[owfs dh ;/X ns/ r[of;ZyK dk ;fj:'r nZi th w/o/ Bkb j?.
< eokN/ s/ rZse/ dk F"Ae feE'A s/ fet/A fgnk<
xo ftZu F[o{ s'A jh y/vK gqsh T[;ko{ wkj"b ;h. w/o/ fgsk ih epZvh d/ fyvkoh ;B go
w?A fe;/ n?;h y/v ~ ngBkT[Dk ukj[zdk ;h fi; Bkb ;ohoe ns/ nksfwe d'BK gZyK dk
ftek; j't/. fJ; bJh w?A wkoFb nkoN; ~ ngDkfJnk. f;Zy fJfsjk; s'A gq/fos j' e/ ;zB
2002 ftZu nzfwqs SZeD s'A pknd rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr b?Dh F[o{ ehsh.
fJzNoftT{ eosk
;L r[oFoB f;zx
d\so ;eZso
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb
< fe; gZXo sZe rZse/ ns/ wkoFb
nkoN dk gqdoFB ehsk j?<
;zB 1997 ftZu okFNoh gZXo #s/ fJzvhnk
eZg u?AghnBfFg ftZu ;'B/ dk srwk jk;b ehsk.
;zB 2003 ftZu F's'aekB eokN/ u?AghnBfFg i' fe
nzfwqs;o fty/ j'Jh, fJ; ftZu UgB u?AghnB dk
f]skp jk;b ehsk. fJ; s'A fJbktk nzsookFNoh
gZXo #s/ eotkJ/ rJ/ wkoFb nkoN; Nq/fBzr e?Ag
ftZu 3 tko fjZ;k fbnk. w?A ;zB 1999 ftZu
Shitoriou ;NkJhb ftZu Gkos s'A ns/ ;zB 2003
ftZu Goju eokN/ ;NkJhb ftZu nwohek s'A pb?e
p?bN jk;b ehsh. fJ; t/b/ nwoheB e'u Sensei
Craig garrett s'A Nq/fBzr jk;b eo fojk jK. eJh
okFNoh-nzsookFNoh iE/pzdhnK tb'A y/vD d/
gq;skt nkJ/ jB go nkgDh gVQkJh g{oh eoB
T[gozs jh w?A fJ; gk;/ fXnkB d/tKrk.
rZse/ ftZu T[Zso Gkos ftZu Bro ehosBK
ns/ j'o tZy-tZy soQK d/ Xkofwe ;wkrwK,
ykb;kJh y/vK, Xkofwe e?AgK nkfd ftZu tZv/ gZXo
#s/ rZsek gqdoFB ehsk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk
r[od[nkok ;qh r[o{ jfofeqFB ;kfjp, wkBu?;No
(:{He/H) tb'A w?~ ;Zdk gZso fwfbnk j?.
<
fi; soQK i{v' eokN/, ;{w', o?;fbzr ns/
j'o nfijhnK wkoFb nkoN; nzsookFNoh
gZXo #s/ gfjukD pBkT[D ftZu ekw:kp
j'JhnK jB, rZse/ ftZu ftbZyDsk j'D d/
pkti{d th fJ; B{z T[j ;EkB gqkgs BjhA j'
;fenk. fJ; d/ eh ekoB jB s/ s[;hA fJBQK s'A
T[GoB bJh eh e'fFF eo oj/ j'<
id'A th e'Jh uh} nkgD/ w[ZY s'A N[ZNdh j? T[d'A
T[j Yfjzdh ebk tZb j[zdh j[zdh ]sw j' iKdh j?.
rZse/ ftZu nkJ/ fBxko dk ekoD th fJjh j? fe
pj[s rZseJh r[o{ ;kfjp tb'A dZ;/ n;b wkor s'A
GNe rJ/ jB. rZse/ B{z f;yo #s/ gj[zukD bJh fJj
pVk }o{oh j? fe rZsek nkgD/ otkfJsh gZy,
nes{po 2006
12

fJfsjk;e gZy ns/ yk; s"o #s/ r[owfs gZy tb'A gogZe j't/. rZseJh f;zx$f;zxDhnK
dk uVQdh ebk tkbk ihtB, rZse/ dh ftbZyDsk dh w[V f;oiDK eo fJ; dh nzso
okFNoh gZXo #s/ gfjukD ~ w[V ekfJw eo ;edk j?. ;oeko, ;w{zj Xkofwe iE/pzdhnK,
whvhnk ns/ ;oeko ~ rZse/ gqsh jK-gZyh o[Zy ngBkT[Dk gJ/rk.
< wkoFb nkoN; ns/ rZse/ dk f;js #s/ eh gqGkt g?Adk j?<
wkoFb nkoN Bkb fiE/ ;ohoe ns/ fdwkrh ftek; j[zdk j? T[E/ nfXnksfwe gZy
s'A th fJj bkj/tzd f;ZX j[zdk j?. fJj ebk wB ftZu fdqVQ nksw ftFtkF g?dk eodh j? i'
fe f}zdrh d/ jo gVkn #u wddrko ;kps jz[dk j?. nksw oZfynk ti'A fJj yk; s"o #s/
phphnK d/ bJh pj[s bkj/tzd j?. fJj ;oho ftZu nB'yh soQK dh c[osh g?dk eodk j? ns/
fdwkr B{z jo t/b/ ;[u/s oZydk j?. fiE/ rZse/ okjhA n;hA tZy-tZy soQK d/ FFso ubkT[D/
f;Zyd/ jK T[E/ jh eokN/ ;kB{z nkgD/ ;oho B{z jh fJZe jfEnko dh soQK fJ;s/wkb eoBk
f;ykT[Ad/ jB. eokN/ dk n;b nB[tkd
( Kra - empty tae - hand do - way of self defence) j?.
< eh s[;hA ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr pkeh y/vK d/ Bkb-Bkb d/Dk
}o{oh ;wMd/ j'<
jK, pkeh y/vK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;e{bK ekbiK ftZu rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr d/Dk th pj[s }o{oh
j?. fiE/ fJj ftfdnkoEhnK dk ;ohoe ns/ fdwkrh ftek; eoe/ T[BQK d/ dofwnkB
gDg u[Ze/ BfFnK d/ o[MkB B{z mZbQ gkt/rk, T[E/ jh T[BQK B{z nkgD/ Xow ns/ fto;/ Bkb th
i'V/rk. ni'e/ d"o ftZu fiE/ G?DK bJh fJeZfbnK xo'A fBebDk ]soBke ;kfps j[zdk j?,
rZse/ dh Nq/fBzr Bkb T[j jo ;w/A nksw oZfynk bJh fJ; ebk dk fJ;s/wkb eo ;edhnK
jB.
< nkg ih B{z Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh iK fe;/ j'o iE/pzdh tb'A fe;/
soQK dh wdd gqkgs j' ojh j?<
Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A e[ZM wdd }o{o fwb ojh j? go nzso okFNoh
wzu T[Zs/ fJ; ebk dh gfjukD pBkT[D bJh b'V fJ; s'A fes/ f}nkdk j?. Fq'wDh
r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh f;ZyK dh ;ot'sw ;z;Ek j?, fiE/ T[j rZse/ ~ wkbh ;jkfJsk
gqdkB eo oj/ jB T[E/ jh T[BQK ~ rZse/ ftZu nkJhnK B?fse froktNK ns/ ewhnK d/
f]bkc ewoeZ;k eoe/ fJ; y/v dk fJZe wzu s'A ;zukbB eoBk ukjhdk j?. rZseJhnK ~
rZse/ dk ;kok ;ki' ;wkB nk;kBh Bkb w[jZJhnk eotkT[D d/ :'r gqpzX j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.
fi; soQK r[owfs ns/ fto;/ dh rZb eoB bJh ehosBhnK ns/ eEk tkueK ~ gzikp s'A
pkjo d/F ftd/FK ftZu G/fink iKdk j?, T[;/ soQK rZse/ dhnK gq'c?FBb NhwK th ftd/FK
ftZu G/iDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. r[owfs ftZu fdZshnK iKdhnK j'o f;ybkJhnK d/ Bkb
rZsek th Fkfwb ehsk ikt/, feT[Afe fJj th r[owfs dk nfByVtK fjZ;k j?. r[o{ ;kfjp
d/ tke nB[;ko -
@@n; feqgkB yzv' yVr, s[ge spo no[ sho..
;?\ ;o'jh ;?Eh :j? jwko? gho..## d'fjok (F;so wkbk gkL ƒ‚)
r[of;Zy ihtB ftZu ;Fso dh yk; wfjwk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk tZy-tZy Xkofwe
w"fenK #s/ eZY/ ikD tkb/ Bro ehosB d/ ftZu rZse/ dh Fw{bhns gZeh ehsh ikDh
ukjhdh j?. f;Zy iE/pzdhnK (Xkofwe ns/ r?of;nk;h) tb'A th fJ; d/ ftek; bJh nkgD/
s"o #s/ iK Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh Bkb ;fj:'r eoBk ukjhdk j?.
< rZse/ ftZu tos/ iKd/ Bt/A jfEnkoK
dh T[gbZpXsk bJh fe; soQK dhnK n"eVK dk
;kjwDk eoBk g?Adk j?<
otkfJsh n;so F;so wfjzr/ Gkn #s/
fwbd/ jB. eJh tko fJBQK F;soK dh fe;w ~ b?
e/ fJwkBdkoh dh xkN t/yD ~ fwbdh j?. Fq'wDh
r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A F;soK ~ xZN w[Zb
#s/ T[gbZpX eotkT[D d/ gqpzX eoB/ ukjhd/ jB
ns/ g[oksB F;so T[gbpX eotk e/ T[BQK #s/ th
nfGnk; eotkT[Dk ukjhdk j?.
< s[jkv/ tZb'A rZse/ B{z T[sFkjs eoB
bJh fe; soQK dk T[gokbk ehsk frnk j?<
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ ;fj:'r
Bkb rZse/ ns/ wkoFb nkoN; dh Nq/fBzr bJh
b[fXnkDk, nzfwqs;o ns/ dwdwk ;kfjp fty/
pkpk dhg f;zx ne?vwh nk\ wkoFb nkoN;
y'bQhnK rJhnK jB. fJ; ne?vwh dh ftbZyDsk
fJj j? fe fJE/ rZse/ dk nfGnk; r[opkDh d/
;[w/b Bkb ehsk iKdk j?.
< wkoFb nkoN s'A fJbktk j'o o[uhnK<
w?A fJzNo ;e{b gZXo #s/ GkFD gqsh:'rsktK
ftZu nB/eK tko i/s{ fojk jK. fJ; s'A fJbktk
Xkofwe vokw/, ;N/} gb/n ns/ fJe f\bw @e/;
r[o{ eh w'jo# ftZu th ezw eo u[ZfenK jK.
< B"itkB ghVQh bJh e'Jh ;zd/F<
nZi dk B"itkB nkgD/ nwho fto;/ ~ G[bk
e/, d[fBnkthA gdkoEK t;sK ns/ M{mh FkB' F'jos
~ jk;b eoB bJh BfFnK ftZu g{oh soQK rbskB
j' u[Zfenk j?. fiE/ nkX[fBe whvhnk ns/ okiBhsh
B"itkBK dk F'FB eo ojh j?, T[E/ n;hA y[Zd th
nkgD/ ;fGnkukoe edoK ehwsK ~ G[Zbk e/
nB?fsesk tZb s[o/ ik oj/ jK. w/ok nZi dh ghVQh
bJh fJj ;zd/F j? fe n;hA nkgD/ n;b ;fGnkuko
ns/ fto;/ Bkb i[fVnK ofjzfdnK, B?fsesk d/
Bkb ubfdnK f}zdrh dhnK p[bzdhnK B{z S[j ;ed/
jK. r[of;Zyh d/ rkvh okj #s/ uZb e/ ;dhth ;[Zy
ns/ FKsh B{z gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j? ns/ fJe BFk
ofjs ;wki dh f;oiDk ehsh ik ;edh j?.
nes{po 2006
13

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UsuBj¤ES¨j¡S
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ns/ T[jBK d/ nkofEe t;hfbnK ( Economic Resources)
~ tXkT[D ns/ ;[uZi/ sohe/ Bkb tosD bJh
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diversification) ngBkT[Dk ukj[zd/ j'.
Cash Crops pko/ ikDekoh ukj[zd/ j'.
y/shpkVh ;zpzXs T[d:'r (Agrobased Projects) brkT[Dk ukj[zd/ j' fit/A fe y[zpK dh ekFs
(Mushroom), wX{ wZyhnK dk gkbB (Bee keeping) , d[ZX dk feZsk (Dairy Farming ) nkfd.
bx{ ykd ;wZroh gq';?f;zr fJekJhnK (Small Scale Food Processing Units) pko/ ikDekoh b?Dk
ukj[zd/ j'.
;zgoe eo'
Expert Penalists
Dr. M.S.Gill Dr. S.S.Sokhi Dr. J.S.Kular
Chief Agronomist
PAU, Ludhiana
IQBAL Singh
M.A. (Eco.) LLB
Director
Ex. Addl. Director,
Extn. Education, PAU, Ludhiana
Dr. Mohinder Singh
Former Sr. Agronomist
PAU, Ludhiana
Jt. Director
Directorate of Social Empowerment and Economic Development
Ex. Director,
Extn. Education, PAU, Ludhiana
Dr. Amarjeet Kaur
Food Technologist
Jt. Director
Model Town Extension, Ludhiana-141002
nes{po 2006
14

oZp d/ s{z o{g ftZu gzit/A ;o{g ftZu,
f;qFNh bJh o?jwsK dk y'fbnk ]}kBk J/.
GrsK s/ r[o{nK dh pkDhnK B{z #emk eo,
o{g r[o{ rzqE ih dk ofunk ;[jkBk J/.
eb:[rh ihtK d/ T[Xko fjZs gksFkj s{z,
Bkw dh y[wkohnK dk S/fVnk sokBk J/.
eoK feZdK f;cs s/ ;bkj s/oh dkfsnk w?A,
ehoshnK s/ohnK J/j rk fojk }wkBk J/.
fJe Unzeko dk g;kok J/j g;kfonk J/,
fJe Unzeko dk g;kok r[o{ rqzE J/.
fJe Unzeko dk BK nkfd j? Bk nzs e'Jh,
fJe Unzeko dk B}kok r[o{ rqzE J/.
fJe Unzeko dk BK ozr j? Bk o{g e'Jh,
fJe Unzeko dk fBskok r[o{ rqzE J/.
fJe Unzeko ftZu yzv p?qjwzv[ ;ko/,
fJe Unzeko ftZu ;kok r[o{ rqzE J/.
gurUAW
dI joq
Aqy
bwxI dw
Kzwnw
ey!
;qL jouoBihs f;zx @uzB#
d/jokd{B
pkDh j? J/j r[o{ ns/ r[o{nK dk o{g pkDh,
fBs s/ok dhd J/jBK FpdK #u'A gkBk J/.
n?;h dks pyFh j? ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh,
r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
nzfwqs dk ;'wk ns/ frnkB dk Gzvko j? J/j,
Grsh s/ Fesh dk Gfonk Gzvkok J/.
fBZrfsnK dh rs s/ fBgfsnK dh gs j?,
BZfXfonK dh fXo p/;jko/ dk ;jkok J/.
g{idk j? Xow, JhwkB s/ ijkB J/jB{z,
wB[Zysk dh ;KM dk J/j ukBD w[Bkok J/.
w[esh dk dksk J/jB{z wzBdk ijkB ;kok,
J/jd/ ftZu'A j[zdk ;Zuyzv dk B}kok J/.
v[ZbQ vZ[bQ g?Adh ;KMhtkbsk j? J/; ftZu'A,
Bk jh e'Jh t?oh ns/ Bk jh e'Jh fprkBk J/.
e/jVh e/jVh w?jwK d;K ;qh r[o{ rqzE ih dh
r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
;qh r[o{ rqzE ftZu GrsK dh pkDhnK #u'A,
;G Bkb'A tZX pkDh Grs epho dh.
wB[Zy Bz{ frnkB dhnK u"GK J/dK wkodh J/,
u"G fit/A j[zdh nfDnkb/ fe;/ sho dh.
d' ;" T[Dzik B/ ;b'e J/jd/ pkDh ftZu,
pkDh #u th g?fjb j'Jh pkDh dh skwho dh.
Bkwd/t Bkw ig gk fbnk ;h Bkw TZ[uk,
bhB j'fJnk n?;k ;[X ojh Bk ;oho dh.
gq/odh j? pzdrh bJh pkDh ifrnk;{nK B{z,
gqG{ Bkb i'VBk jh J/; dk fBFkBk J/.
XzB XzB XzB d;K r[o{nK dk o{g j? J/,
r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk y}kBk J/.
fJe Unzeko dh Bk bhbk e'Jh ikD ;e/,
fJe Unzeko dhnK tZyohnK FkBK J/.
v[p/ p/V/ skoB/ bJh Bkw dk ijk} j? J/j,
r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dh ]}kBk J/.
GrsK s/ r[o{nK B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ftZu,
;w/A ;w/A okrK ftZu pkDhnK T[ukohnK.
wfjwk ehsh pkDh #u fBo'b gqwkswk dh,
skjhUA r[o{ rqzE ftZu rJhnK ;fsekohnK.
okr ns/ okrBhnK :F J/jd/ r"AdhnK B/,
fJeZshnK jh okrK ftZu pkDhnK fFzrkohnK.
F'qwDh rqzE J/jB{z wzfBnK j? ;kfonK B/,
;zsK wjkswk s/ ;G/ ;z;kohnK.
Bkw o{gh Ekb ftZu ;Zs ;zs'y gk e/,
J/; B{z pDkfJnk ;kB{z J/; dk dhtkBk J/.
;w r[o{ rqzE j? r'fpzd o{g r[o{nK dk,
r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh w?jwK w?A fpnkB ;eK,
w?A s/ ykbh g[sbk jK w/oh j? wikb eh<
F/noK d/ J/j o{g ftZu J/;/ dhnK o?jwsK B/,
J/;/ dhnK dksK B/ J/j w/ok j? ewkb eh<
bZyK toQ/ nk:{ j't/ bZyK toQ/ fbydk ojK,
wfjwk J/jdh fby ;eK Gbk j? ;tkb eh<
r[o{nK s/ ghoK B/ vzv"s ehsh J/; nZr/,
tkbh i' ijkB dk j? J/;/ dh j? wkbeh.
J/jd/ ftZu'A ;G' e[M U; B{z B;hp j't/,
Fo Xk fgnko dk i' skodk fpnkBk J/.
bZy bZy tkoh @uzB# w/ok gqDkw J/jB{z,
r[o{nK dh i's ns/ pkDh dk ]}kBk J/.
nes{po 2006
15

v`K-v`K fwierYktoryts dy audySW, inSwinAW,
kwrjivDIAW Aqy Biv`KI XojnwvW dI Jlk
nsks`s E~r]jv ngsIg
mt
r[
Xuvk syvwvW fwierYktoryt
o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dh T[sgsh jh ftfdne tksktoD ftZu j'Jh j?. fJj nekdfwe ;z;Ek vhH ghH nkJhH
(;e{b) gzikp, vhH ghH nkJhH (ekb}i) gzikp s/ tZy-tZy :{Bhtof;NhnK tZb'A wkBsk gqkgs ;z;Ek j?. :{B?;e' tb'A FKsh
d{s ti'A ;oNhfce/N gqkgs eoe/ ;BwkBh ;z;Ek B/ nekdfwe y/so d/ 34 ;kb g{o/ ehs/ jB. ;NZvh ;oeb dk Fkpfde
Gkt jh ftuko wzvb j?, gVQkJh dk wkj"b j?. 1972 s'A jh ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu Xow s/ fto;/ gqsh ikrosh fbnkT[D bJh
fi; wkfXnw ns/ wzu ~ u[fDnk ;h, T[; dk Bkw jh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb oZfynk frnk ;h. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih
f;ZyK d/ d;t/A r[o{ ;B, fiBQK B/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp tb'A s'oh f;Zyh dh bfjo ~ ;op T[Zsw gVkn sZe gjz[uk e/ ykb;/ dh
;kiBk ehsh ns/ r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dh skfpnk r[o{ gzE d/ r[o{ j'D b'eszsoh o[jkBhns gozgok dk nozG ehsk. d;w fgsk dh bkfw;kb ihtBh ns/
T[BQK dhnK pyfFFK ;w[Zu/ GkoshnK bJh s/ ftF/F eoe/ r[of;ZyK bJh nkdoFe s/ nBw'b jB. r[o{ ;kfjp dh Fy;hns ns/ fcbk;ch, ;KMhtkbsk
ns/ ;{owrsh dh nB{mh fw;kb j? fi; s'A f;Zy ftukoXkok dh gquzv Fesh s/ F'Gk gqrN j[zdh j?. nfij/ r[oK ~ nkdoF wzB e/ ;z;Ek ubkT[Dh,
nkgD/ nkg ftZu ;KMhtkbsk s/ ihtB ;zxoF d/ f;XKsK ftZu fBFuk oZyDk ;kps eodh j?.
ftfdne ndkfonK ftZu gVQd/ ftfdnkoEh, Xkofwe GktBktK ~ ekbiK, ;e{bK s/ :{Bhtof;NhnK ftZu y[Zb e/ gqrN eoB ftZu
nfsnzs fMie wfj;{; eod/ ;B. Bk;se b'eK tb'A Xow fto'Xh tksktoD ftfdne ndkfonK ftZu pDk fdZsk frnk. ;kps ;{osK ~ Ykj bZr
ojh ;h. nwho f;Zy fJfsjk; tb'A B"i[nkB nt/;bk ;h. ftd/Fh ftukoXkoktK ~ }'o F'o Bkb gqukfonk ik fojk ;h. nfij/ ;ys, x[Nt/A s/ n"y/
wkj"b ftZu ;NZvh ;oeb ftfdnkoEhnK ~ tzrkodk j? s/ fJj ;[B/jk fdzdk j? fe @@n? B"i[nkB ykb;k, ikr s/ ;zGkb nkgDk r"otwJh fto;k,
d;w/F fgsk B/ ;opz; tko e/ s?~ ;odkoh pyFh ;h. M{m/ c?FBK wro bZr e/ nkgDh ;odkoh dk nkg eksb Bk pD. ;kps ;{os XkoB eo s/ r[o{
dk yk; o{g pD.## @@;kps ;{ofs d;sko f;ok..## @@;kps ;{ofs oZp dh GzB? p/JhwkB..## Bk;se gkoNhnK tb'A Ekg/ toeo, ftfdnkoEhnK ~
Bk;sesk d/ fJBebkp dh bfjo pfjo fdykT[Ad/ jB s/ nkgD/ Bkb i'Vd/ jB. ;NZvh ;oeb B/ fJj ftFtk; gqrNkfJnk fe @@ B?fse fJBebkp
fbnkJ/ fpBQK, ;ko/ fJBebkp nX{o/ jB. id'A sZe fJZe th wB[Zy dk Gbk j'Dk pkeh j?, ;kvk ;zxoF ikoh oj/rk.##
@@F[G eowB s/ epj{z B No'A..## ns/ @@ wkB; eh iks ;G? J/e? gfjukBp'.## d/ T[d/F ;kjwD/ oZy e/ r?o-okiBhse ofjzd/ j'J/, B"i[nkBK s/
nfXnkgeK dk fJj ek\bk fdB'A fdB j'o tv/ok jz[dk frnk. nkgD/ nwho fto;/ dh rZb eo ;[D e/ ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu nip gq;zBsk s/ ;zs[FNsk
t/yD ~ fwbh. j[D sZe ;?AeV/ r[owfs N/qfBzr e?AgK, r[opkDh ehosB ;wkrwK, ftfdne r'FNhnK, eJh doiB gqekFBktK , fszB djke/ s'A wk;e
w?r}hB @@;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot## dh fBozso gqekFBk, r[owfs fJwfsjkBK, Xkofwe w/fbnK nkfde d/ o{g ftZu T[sFkj Gog{o wkj"b pfDnk
j?.
;kv/ d/F dh ;oeko B/ fi; @@;?e{bo## f;XKs ~ ngDkfJnk, T[j pVk n;gFN s/ G[b/yk gkT{ ;h. Xow dh ftfdnk ~ ftfdne gqDkbh
ftu'A eZY fdZsk frnk.e[mkoh efwFB dh fog'oN th }'odko FpdK ftZu Xkofwe s/ B?fse ftfdnk ~ ftfdne gqDkbh dk fjZ;k pBkT[Dk }o{oh
dZ;dh j?. j[D Gkt/A fes/ fes/ Xow ~ ftF/ ti'A gVkQT[D d/ :sB ehs/ iKd/ jB go ftnkge o{g ftZu BjhA. fBZih y/so d/ ftfdne ndkfonK ftZu
fJj :sB j'J/ jB. fJ; dk Bshik fJj fBeb fojk j? fe ftfdnkoEh dh F];hns ftZu Xow s/ B?fsesk gqsh F[G GktBk Goh ikD dh pikJ/ NhH
thH,o;kb/, fcbwK nkfd dh ny"sh wkvoB f;Zfynk Bkb GVekjN, uzubkgD j'SkgD nk frnk j?. T[j w[ZYb/ o{g ftZu f}zw/tko BjhA fojk. T[j y'ih
pBD dh Ekt/A w"ih pDdk ik fojk j?. B?fse Xkofwe f;Zfynk ns/ vf;gbB Bkb fiZE/ ;Zuk-;[Zuk ftfdnkoEh fttjko f;ofink ik ;ed?, T[;
;zGktBk ~ ftfdnk gqDkbh, ftfdnkoEh e'b'A y'j ojh j?. y[Zb/gD s/ ;t?-;ziwh ns/ ;t?-nB[Fk;Bh tksktoD ~ eh n;hA Gkos ftZu f;oi b?D d/
:sB ftZu jK< i/ nfijk j? sK n;hA fJZe wzMXko ftZu fxo iktKr/. wkfJnk d/ gqGkt, gZSwh ebuo d/ dpkn ns/ wkvoB pBD d/ ukn Bkb T[;ko{
s/ ouBkswe FeshnK dk ;jh gq:'r BjhA j' ;e/rk. BfFnK ftZu c;Dk, thvhU-nkvhU fdqF-X[BK s/ vK; eoB/, Xow ns/ oZph ftFtk; ~
gSfVnkgD ;wMDk, J/;/ ;'u d/ jh f;ZN/ jB. gZSwh d/FK B/ G"fse ftek; eoB T[gozs j[D fJ; rZb dh fuzsk eoBh F[o{ ehsh j? fe ftfdnkoEh d/
ftneshst ~ Xkofwe-B?fse n;{bK dh wkBthnsk Bkb fet/A Usg's ehsk ik ;edk j?<
nes{po 2006
16

[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb tZb'A nozG/ fBwkD/ ;/tk ekoiK ;dek ftfdne ndkfonK d/ n?vhN'ohnw ftZu :[te w/fbnK d/ Bkw EZb/
r[opkDh ehosB dhnK X[zBK r{ziD bZrhnK, b?euo, eftsk, e[fJ} s/ j'o w[ekpb/ j'D bZr/ s/ fJBQK okjhA ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu r[owfs T[;koh,
B?fse edoK ehwsK dk ;fji ;[GkJh ;zuko j'Dk F[o{ j'fJnk. ;op Gkosh B?fse f;Zfynk fJwfsjkB th ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgDh gVQkJh d/ Bkb-
Bkb r[owfs dh ;'Mh eotkT[D ftZu n;odkfJe ;kps j'fJnk. Fy;hns T[;koh ekoiFkbktK, :{E bhvofFg N/qfBzr e?Ag ftfdnk ftZu s/
;opgZyh ftek; s/ ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu T[;ko{ bhvofFg r[DK ~ T[GkoB ftZu ;jkJh f;ZX j'J/. ftfdne fenkohnK okjhA pZfunK ftZu r[owfs
;pzXh w[ZYbh ifrnk;k irkT[D ftZu nfjw :'rdkB fgnk. wkJh Gkr' fdt; ;wkrwK okjhA ekbi ftfdnkoEDK d/ wBK ftZu f;Zy phphnK dhnK
wjkB e[opkBhnK gqsh }}pk g?dk j'Dk F[o{ j'fJnk. GkJh sko{ f;zx fdt; ;wkrwK okjhA B"i[nkBK ftZu e/; fgnko s/ d;sko fgnko ikfrnk s/
;?AeV/ B"i[nkBK B/ e/; oZy e/ d;skoK ;ikJhnK. frnkB nziB ;wo ;e{b sfjs S[ZNhnK ftZu fJZe fJZe wjhBk ftF/F ebk;K d/ nk:'iBK B/ th
pZfunK ftZu Xkofwe o[uh g?dk ehsh.
34t/A ;kbkBk e/Adoh ;wkrw #s/ B"itkBK ~ fJjh nghb j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb jh fJZe nfijk wkfXnw$gb/Nckow j? fi;
okjhA nkg ih ;P?-;/th GktBk Bkb nZr/ nk e/ nkgD/ nzdo jo soQK d/ r[D g?dk eo ;ed/ j', nkgDk ftneshst ;ztko ;ed/ j' s/ ;zg{oB
Fy;hnsK d/ wkbe pD ;ed/ j'. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ w?Apo pD fJ; ek\b/ Bkb s[o e/ b'e ;[yhnk gqb'e ;[j/bk eo ;ed/ j'.
nkU, fJ; ek\b/ Bkb s[o GkJh tho f;zx ih tKr nodk; eohJ/.
w?A d[BhnK s'A fuZs uk fbnk, s/o/ uoBK Bkb brk fbnk.
fJZe :kd s/oh B/ gkfbnk j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk.
w?A fdB ~ nkjK wkodh, frD sko/ oks r[}kodh.
jkfJ o' o' firok rkfbnk, j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk.
eJh iBw rJ/ so;/AfdnK, frnk fJj th f;Ze f;e/AfdnK.
e/jk eowK gk;k Ykfbnk, j[D nk fwb ebrh tkfbnk. (ezpdh ebkJh)
fit/A GkJh tho f;zx e/b'A d/ rZb bZrh t/b d/ jtkb/ Bkb oZp Bkb i'V pD nkt/, fgnkok oZp Bk ftS[V/, oZp dk nk;ok Bk N[ZN// dk sobk
b?Ad/ jB rzdb/ tksktoD dk n;o ;k~ th Bk fBy/V d/t/. nkU, n;hA th fJZe sobk b?D bJh fJ; gb/N \kow #s/ nkJhJ/.
jkfJ Bk Xohe ;k~ jkfJ t/ Bk wko fyZuK,
jkfJ Bk so'V rb bZfrnK ~ gkghnk.
jkfJ Bk s[ZDe/ wkohA, fyZu Bk cZNe d/ d/
tfoQnK dh bZrh ;kvh s'V Bk ;okghnk. (bfjoK d/ jko)
BwSwvW, swihq Aqy siBAwcwrk mwmly fwierYktoryt
;k
fjs dk todkB, e[dos d/ ouBjko/ ekdo B/ wB[Zy wkso B{z jh fdZsk j?. GkFk dh ;[rks th wkBt gqkDh jh gk
;fenk j?. fuVhnK dh u{z-u{z, e'fJb dh e{-e{, p[bp[b, w'o, pphj/ ns/ j'o gzyhnK dh fwZmVh ntk} ftZu e'Jh t/dBk sK
}o{o j[zdh j? go fJBQK ~ Fpdktbh gqdkB eoBh ns/ j}koK GkFktK ftZu ;{ywsk Bkb gVu'b eoB dh i[rfs wkBt B{z jh
jk;b j'Jh j?.
fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ ndko/ ;kfjseko ;dB d/ nzsors fJ; rZb dk T[dw ehsk iKdk j? fe w"fbe ;kfjse
tDrhnK eftsk, ejkDh, fJeKrh$BkNe, Bktb, b/y$fBpzX, y'i gZso, G/AN tkosk, jZYhA jzYkfJnK ;Zu nkfd d/ Bt/A
g[okD/ b/yeK B{z fJe wzu gqdkB ehsk ikt/ fi; ;dek T[;ko{ ;kfjs gqc[Zbs j't/.
r[opkDh, ;kfjs dk ;q/FN o{g j?. r[opkDh y'i-ftuko s/ ;zuko e/Ado d/ nzsors pkDh d/ ftfGzB gZyK dh y'i dh ftt;Ek j?. fJ; ;pzXh
S'NhnK p?meK s'A b? e/ tZv/ ;?whBkoK ns/ g[;seK$y'i gqekFBktK d/ yoV/ gqtkBs eoB dk ekoi ehsk iKdk j?. e/Ado tb'A ftdtkBK B{z ftfGzB
;?whBkoK ftZu y'i ekoi eoe/ gou/ g/F eoB bJh th T[sFkjs ehsk iKdk j?.
:[te fbykoh ;/X s/ f;ybkJh e/Ado tb'A :[te fbykohnK dhnK toeFkgK brk e/ ;[:'r ;zGkth b/yeK dh gSkD ehsh iKdh j? ns/ fJBQK
B{z nrb/o/ e'o;K ftZu Fkwb eoe/ ;kfjse tksktoD gqdkB ehsk iKdk j?.
tZy-tZy ;kfjse ne?vwhnK, :{Bhtof;NhnK, ;kfjse e/AdoK, GkFk ftGkrK nkfd dhnK ;kfjse :'iBktK s/ w[fjzwK ftZu T[;ko{
Fw{bhns eoB fjZs, ;kfjse skbw/b ehs/ ikD dh ftt;Ek j?.
nes{po 2006
17

o{
smwijk Aqy ishq syvwvW fwierYktoryt
Fekw ;/tk gqG{ gqkgsh dk wkor j?. nekb g[oy dh f;oih ekfJBks, iht izs{, pB;gsh fi; ftZu nkg eosk
g[oy fFds Bkb t; fojk j?, dh ;/tk ;zGkb nekb g[oy dh ;/tk j?. fJ; T[d/F ns/ wzst Bkb ;wkfie ns/ f;js ;/tktK
vkfJo?eN'o/N, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb tb'A tZy-tZy ekoi nkozG/ rJ/ jB. ;kvh gzEe j'Ad B{z j'oK s'A fJbktk d' w[Zy
yso/ jB, BF/ ns/ }ksgks. }ksgks dhnK tzvhnK B/ gzE dh iE/pzde skes B{z ew}'o ehsk j?. }ksgks dhnK tzvhnK B{z
mZbQ gkT[D bJh ns/ fJ; d/ wkV/ gqGktK pko/ ikro{e eoB bJh }ksgks SZv' w[fjzw dh f;oiBk ehsh rJh j?. jo e?Ag ns/
r[owfs fenkohnK d"okB fJ; ftF/ #s/ tZy-tZy ftdtkBK tb'A ;o'fsnK Bkb ftuko ;KM/ ehs/ iKd/ jB.
BfFnK dh o'eEkw d/ y/so ftZu ;NZvh ;oeb tb'A fgSb/ ;fwnK d"okB T[Zxk :'rdkB gkfJnk ik fojk j?. fJ; t/b/ iE/pzdh gk; 3 BFk
S[vkT{ e/Ado jB fiE/ BF/ eoB tkb/ o'rhnK dk fJbki ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk ;z;ko Go ftZu fJ; ftF/ d/ wkfjoK tb'A tZy-tZy g/FekohnK
dh wdd Bkb ikro{esk b?euo ehs/ ik oj/ jB.
fJ; s'A fJbktk e/Adoh i/bQ, b[fXnkDk fty/ 15 fdBK dk BFk S[vkT{ e?Ag brkfJnk frnk, fiE/ 50 s'A tZX woh}K dk fJbki ehsk frnk.
szpke{ dh o'eEkw bJh fwFB fJzgbhw?ABN/FB sfjs ekoi ehs/ ik oj/ jB. fJ; s'A fJbktk vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A tZy-tZy ftfFnK #s/ y'i eotkJh rJh.
;z;ko szpke{ fdt; ;w/A gzikp Go ftZu f}bQk eufjohnK fty/ F'e ;GktK nk:'fis ehshnK rJhnK fiE/ fJe ;kb d/ no;/ d"okB j'JhnK
10 bZy GkoshnK dh szpke{ ;/tB eoe/ j'JhnK w"sK #s/ F'e wBkfJnk frnk ns/ j'oK B{z szpke{ s'A j'D tkb/ gqGktK pko/ ikro{e eotkfJnk frnk.
fJe ftFk Study of Punjab Songs with reference to vulgarity, drug abuse and Casteism' ftZu fJj d/fynk frnk fe 72% gzikph rkD/
nFbhb jB, 56% rkfDnK ftZu BfFnK B{z tfvnkfJnk frnk j? idfe 26% rkfDnK ftZu iksK gksK B{z tXk uVQk e/ g/F ehsk frnk j?.
f;js ;/tktK B{z nkw b'eK sZe gj[zukD bJh GkJh xBQJhnk ;/tk fJzNoB?FBb tb'A w?vheb e?AgK s'A fJbktk, y{B dkB ns/ nZyK dkB bJh
gq/fos ehsk iKdk j?. ;e{bK-ekbiK ftZu nkw phwkohnK, J/v} d/ o'eEkw ns/ c;N J/v pko/ ikDekoh fdZsh iKdh j?. gksFkj nZr/ nodk; j? fe
;w{zj tho G?DK B{z j'o T[Zdw ns/ ;woZEk pyFD sK i' fJBQK ekoiK bJh j'o T[sFkj ns/ ;wogD Bkb fjZ;k gk ;eD.
jkBh so}K #s/ ;wki nzdo ;[oskb ekfJw eoB bJh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ GkJh wodkBk ih dh opkp dh X[zB T[Zs/
ehosB ehsk. jfo ehosB dh ;[rks ;kvh ftok;s dh nBw'b t;s{ pDkJh. r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ ;zrsK ekfJw eoe/ okrh,
Ykvh, ;kfizd/, ebkeko s/ j[Bowzd ;zrhsekoK B{z ;ogq;sh fdZsh. r[opkDh dk okr-pZX rkfJD, ;zrsK nzdo fpp/e,
t?okr, wkBtsk gqsh dod, fgnko-fsnkr ns/ ;/tk-f;woB d/ r[DK dh f;oiDk eodk nk fojk j?.
fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ nzsors gq'L gowi's f;zx ;Po ;w[zd dh ;[uZih nrtkJh ftZu ns/ ehosBhnK dh wkfjo Nhw
;dek j/m fby/ ekoi ubkT[D dk T[gokbk j' fojk j?.
GkJh ;w[zd f;zx r[owfs ;zrhs ne?vwh s/ nkoekJht} L
e/Adoh d\so fty/ ;Ekgs fJ; ne?vwh s/ nkekJht} ftZu gq'L gowi's f;zx j[ohA nkg jh ;'wtko s/ wzrbtko B{z p?m e/ ehosB dh
f;ybkJh d/Ad/ jB. p[ZXtko s'A FfBuotko d{;o/ ;zrhs nfXnkge s/ ;jkfJe, ;/tk fBGkT[Ad/ jB.
fJE/ nkoekJht} B{z BftnkT[D s/ ft;EkoB bJh eJh nB[wkB jB fiBQK B{z ;keko eoB bJh T[gokb/ b'VhAd/ jB.
ehosB ftGkr L
;qL jopz; f;zx byBT{ (g?NoB), ;qL wfjzdo f;zx gqGkeo (gqXkB), ;qL nwoihs f;zx (whs gqXkB), ;qL pbgqhs f;zx (;eZso) s/ j'oBK
;w{zj ehosBh thoK, G?DK, pkbK s/ pZfunK ;fjs fJj ftGkr j\sktkoh ehosB bVhnK ubkT[Adk j?.
ehosB f;ybkJh e?Ag L
fB
;/tk eos j'fJ fBjekwh..
gurmiq sMgIq Aqy kIrqn fwierYktoryt
;wo ;e{bK ftZu ns/ ftF/F e?AgK ftZu ehosB dh f;ybkJh b[fXnkDk, j[fFnkog[o ns/ j'o FfjoK ftZu pVh ;\bsk Bkb ubdh ojh
j?. @;fjiX[B ehosB gqtko# gqki?eN nXhB vkL uoB ewb f;zx, ;qL pbgqhs f;zx, ;qL nwoihs f;zx N?e;bk, ;qL joGiB f;zx, joehos e"o,
joftzdo e"o s/ j'oBK d/ ;w{je ehosB gqGkt Bkb wB sB o{j d/ y/V/ bJh ekoieow ehs/ iKd/ jB.
nes{po 2006
18

'
jn sMprk fwierYktoryt
e f;nkDg dh T[swsk s'A n;hA ;de/ iKd/ jK id'A ;kB{z fttkj, gqtkoe foFs/, feZfsnK dh u'D, GkFk ns/
eJh B?fse edoK d/ nkozGe t/fbnK pko/ ;'ud/ jK. b'eK tZb'A fe;/ th ezw d/ bJh nzsw c?;bk pVh ibdh BjhA ehsk
iKdk. T[j ekch ;w/A d/ fgZS'A ik e/ fe;/ ezw, o;w, ;z;Ek ns/ ftnesh B{z gqtkDs eod/ jB. b'eK tb'A fiBQK ezwK B{z
Bkeko fdZsk ikt/, T[j th j"bh j"bh nkgDh j'Ad ~ ]sw eo b?Ad/ jB. id'A n;hA b'eK dh w;{whns dh rZb eod/ jK
sK ;kvh fJjh fJZSk j[zdh j? fe ;wki dk fJe gqGktFkbh fjZ;k nkgD/ ezw ftZu wZXw iK ;[;s j' frnk j?. go ;w/A d/
nB[;ko fco s'A d/yD B{z fwbdk j? fe b'eK B/ nkgDh w{b f;nkDg B{z BjhA SZfvnk. i/ b'eK dh f;nkDg s'A n;hA bkjk
b?Dk j't/ sK fJ; dk ;G s'A uzrk Yzr j? fe b'eK ftZu ftuohJ/. b'eK Bkb ;zgoe eohJ/. fi; bfjo, w[fjzw iK
ftukoe B/ ;\b j'Dk j't/ sK T[; B{z gfjbK b'eK d/ ftZu ikDk g?Adk j?. b'e-nXko w}p{s eoB bJh pV/ f;oV, JhwkBdkoh, ;/tk GktBk s/
w[skfbnk-Fesh dh b'V j[zdh j?.
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb B/ fgSb/ ;kY/ fszB djkfenK s'A b'eK ftZu ik e/ nkgDh t/dBk ejh j?. b'eK B/ fJ; e"wKsoh ;z;Ek dk
fgzv gZXo #s/ ezw eoB dk Yzr th gqtkB ehsk j? ns/ :{B?;e' d/ FKsh d{s ti'A GkJhukoe J/esk ;Ekgs eoB dh rshftXh B{z th ;kbkfjnk
j?. b'eK B/ ;w/A-;w/A #s/ fJ; ;zrmB dh nb'uDk th ehsh j? s/ ;oeb B/ b'eK tb'A ehsh Nhek fNZgDh s'A th ;/X jk;b ehsh j?.
;NZvh ;oeb dh b'e ;zgoe Bhsh fJ; soQK pDkJh rJh j? fe ftfdne s/ ;wkfie-;fGnkukoe-Xkofwe y/so d/ gqfsFm ;ZiDK,
gqFkFeK, nB[Gth ftdtkBK s/ ;kfjsekoK dhnK ;/tktK s'A bkjk gqkgs ehsk ikt/. :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ toswkB ns/ ;kpek T[ge[bgshnK,
vhB, vkfJo?eNo, ftGkrK d/ w[Zyh, f}bQk gqFkFD d/ b'e ;/te nc;oK, eowukohnK, f;js ftGkr d/ n\;oK, ekbiK d/ fgqz;hgb ;kfjpkB,
;e{b w[ZyhnK, gqpzXeK, gq'c?;o ;kfjpkB, nfXnkgeK, vkeNo ;kfjpkB, g?ok w?vheb ;Nkc, tgkohnK, T[d:'rgshnK, feoshnK,
ftfdnkoEhnK nkfd ;GBK b'eK d/ gqshfBZXK Bkb ;w/A-;w/A #s/ ;zgoe pDkfJnk iKdk j?. :sB fJj' j[zdk j? fe ;NZvh ;oeb d/ ;wkfie
GbkJh d/ ekoiK s'A b'eK B{z ikD{ eotkfJnk ikJ/. fi; fe;/ B/ th e/Adoh d\so iK }'Bb d\soK ftZu ik e/ ;zuko ns/ ;/tk d/ ekoiK dk
ftFb/FD ehsk, T[; B/ jh jK-gZyh j[zrkok fdZsk.
Xkofwe y/so ftZu Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh d/ fBZx/ ;fj:'r, ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh ;ogq;sh, j'oBK ew/NhnK s/
;z;EktK d/ fwbtosB ;dek ;NZvh ;oeb tZb'A r[opkDh ns/ nwho f;Zy fto;/ s'A gq/oBk bJh iKdh j?.
fjzd{ Xow, fJ;bkw, Jh;kJhns ns/ j'oBK XowK d/ ftdtkBK Bkb th ;op Xow ;zw/bBK ftZu ftuko j[zdh ofjzdh j? s/ ftFt nwB
ekfJw eoB bJh s/ J/v} s/ BfFnK s'A ;wki B{z pukT[D bJh gqGktFkbh o;sk bZfGnk iKdk j?.
sUcnw qknwlojI fwierYktoryt
fgSb/ v/Y djke/ s'A Gkos nzdo s/}h Bkb ;{uBk seBkb'ih dk g;kok s/ XkoBk j'Jh j?. o/bt/, jtkpk}h, tgko,
p?Afezr, f;Zfynk, y'i s/ ;[oZfynk nkfd y/soK ftZu ezfgT{NoheoB j'D Bkb fJBebkph spdhbhnK t/yD B{z fwbhnK jB.
;z;ko d/ nzdo ;zgoe eoBk pVk ;"yk s/ ;fji j' frnk j?. fJb?eNq'fBe; s/ fvihNb eqKsh B{z ;NZvh ;oeb B/ th nkgD/
;zrmB dh ;zgoe :'rsk ftZu tkXk eoB bJh ns/ ftFt Go ftu'A nk oj/ frnkB gqtkj B{z g[D-SkD e/ tZy-tZy
vkfJo?eN'o/NK dh tos'A ftuko bJh w[jZJhnk eokT[Dk fJ; fBod/Fkbk dk ssekbh wzst j?. seBheh gqpzXD d[nkok nfs
nkX[fBe ;j{bsK gqkgs eoB tZb fXnkB fdZsk iKdk j?.
:'iBktK L
e/Adoh d\so d/ tZy-tZy ftGkrK dk ezfgT{No B?Ntoe ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?, pokv p?Av fJzNoB?N T[gbGd j?.
e/Adoh d\so d/ ;Nk\, vkfJo?eN'o/NK d/ ;/tkdkoK, }'BK ns/ ;N/NK d/ u'Dt/A w?ApoK B{z BthB seBkb'ih dh f;Zfynk d/D bJh toeFkgK
b[nkT[DhnK.
;bkJhv F'n, gkto g[nkfJzN, NoK;g/o?A;h} nkfd dh f;ybkJh d/Dh.
nes{po 2006
19

smwijk AiDkwirqw Aqy AwriQk ivkws fwierYktoryt
XzB ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'A b? e/ d;w r[o{ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih sZe r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ T[Zu/-;[Zu/ ;wki ~ f;oiD
bJh b'ekJh B{z nfXnkswe s"o #s/ gqpb ns/ w}p{s eoB bJh ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ftt;Ek B{z pj[s BhM ns/ pkoheh
Bkb ;wfMnk ns/ T[; ftt;Ek B{z mhe eoB bJh fJ; dhnK ;kohnK w[FebK nkgD/ fBZi s/ jzYkJhnK ns/ wB[Zysk B{z
o'}kBk ihtB s'A jh T[dkjoDK ns/ fuzBQK B{z b? e/ ;wMkfJnk. nkg y/shpkVh ehsh, jZN ubkfJnk, B"eoh ehsh, x[{rDhnK
t/uhnK, tgko ehsk ns/ Bkb Bkb ;Zuk tgko th ehsk. tzv SeD dhnK rZbK jh BjhA ehshnK pbfe nkg eoe/
fdykfJnk. d;tzX T[jBK s/oK-s/oK ftZu jh eZY fdZsk. bzro ubk e/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe pokpoh dk jZe fdZsk. ;qh r[o{
rqzE ;kfjp ftZu th fJBQK feosh ns/ r[owfs ;'u d/ nB[;koh GrsK dh jh pkDh FF'ps ehsh. i' cb;ck ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ wB[Zysk B{z fdZsk,
T[j j? @@feos eo', Bkw ig' ns/ tzv Se'.##
nfXnkswtkd dh F[o{nks th feos s'A jh j?. gowskwk, @eosk g[oy# fi; d/ j[ew ftZu ;kok pqfjwzv ub fojk j? nkg fJ; g{o/ pqfjwzv d/
ekoiK dh d/y-o/y eo fojk j?. Grs Bkwd/t ih B/ sK jh sK fejk j? L
@@jkE gkT[ efo ekw[ ;G[ uhs[ fBoziB Bkfb..##
r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh ;wki gqsh fJsBh ;zt/dFhbsk T[jBK dk wB[Zysk gqsh nEkj fgnko ns/ ;B/j dk fpnkB j?.
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb d/ ;zt/dBFhb ns/ wB[Zysk d/ Gb/ dh ;'u oZyD tkb/ thoK B/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ nkdoFe ihtB ns/ r[opkDh s'A
;/X b? e/ ftuko ehsh fe fet/A nZi d/ gdkoEtkdh :[Zr ftZu nkofEe s"o #s/ gZSV u[Ze/ gfotkoK B{z r[o{ ;fkjp tb'A pyFh j'Jh r[owfs ;'u okjhA
T[jBK B{z th ;wkfie pokpoh d/ gZXo #s/ fbnKdk ikt/. ni'e/ ;w/A gzikphnK ftZu BF/ dh tos'A ns/ gfssg[D/ dh bfjo uZbh j'Jh j?. fJ; d/ Gkt/A
eJh ekoD jB go fJBQK ftZu'A i' gqw[Zy ekoB fdZ;dk j? T[j j? nkofEe szrh iK ew}'oh. fJe pj[s jh tZvh ns/ dog/F w[Ffeb fJj j? fe fijV/
gzikph nZi sZe fwjBseFh ftu'A f;ow"o wzB/ iKd/ jB T[jBK ftZu'A feos eoB dh o[uh ]sw j' ojh j?. Gkt/A fJ; d/ th eJh ekoD jB fe fwjBs
eoe/ th b'VhAdh w}d{oh Bk fwbDk iK y/shpkVh ftu'A f}nkdk nkwdB Bk j'Dh, gVQ/ fby/ j'D #s/ th uzrhnK B"eohnK Bk fwbDhnK nkfd. b'eK dk
pkjob/ w[beK tZb M[ekn f}nkdk j[zdk ik fojk j?. fJ; p/o[}rkoh ns/ nkofEe szrh eoe/ B"itkB ghVQh, @i' fe ;"y/ sohe/ Bkb oks' oks nwho
pDBk ukj[zd/ jB#, ibdh jh ;wkfie p[okJhnK dk fFeko j' iKdh j?. fJjBQK dog/F w[FfebK B{z rzGhosk Bkb ;wMd/ j'J/, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh
;oeb tb'A nkofEe gZy s'A gSV/ b'eK B{z ;jh ikDekoh ns/ T[jBK B{z nkgD/ nkofEe t;hfbnK B{z tXkT[D bJh ;jh fdFk d/D bJh ;wkfie
nfXekfosk ns/ nkofEe ftek; vkfJo?eN'o/N dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh j?. fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ w[Zy T[d/F jB L
feos eoBk, Bkw igDk ns/ tzv SeD #s/ nXkos L
1H nkofEe s"o #s/ gZSV/ j'J/ rohp gfotkoK dk nkofEe gZXo T[Zuk u[ZeDk sK i' T[j d't/A tes dh o'Nh ns/ f}zdrh dhnK }o{oh t;sK
nkokw Bkb gqkgs eo ;eD.
2H p/o[}rkoK bJh o[}rko d/ ;kXB w[jZJhnk eotkT[D/.
3H ftfdnkoEhnK B{z ni'e/ ;w/A ftZu gquZbs ftfFnK pko/ g{oh ikDekoh d/Dh ns/ T[BQK B{z T[BQK dhnK o[uhnK, y{phnK ns/ ;wM w[skpe
e?ohno pko/ fdFk-fBod/F eoBk.
4H ;P?-o[}rko bJh T[sFkfjs eoBk ns/ b'VhAdh ;jkfJsk eoBh.
5H e'-nkgo/fNt (;fjekosk) wkoehfNzr pko/ ns/ fJ; d/ ;zGkts bkGK pko/ ikDekoh gqkgs eoe/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb okjhA fJ;
fwFB B{z F[o{ eoBk.
e?ohno n?Av fvt?bgw?AN L
1H
2H
3H
fJBQK T[d/FK B{z g{ok eoB bJh vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A j/m fbyh ekoiftXh pDkJh rJh j?L
1H
pZfunK B{z Bt/A ns/ g[okD/ ftfFnK pko/ ikDekoh d/Dk ns/ ;oekoh$r?o;oekoh ;ehwK sfjs pZfunK B{z fwbD tkbhnK ;j{bsK ns/
okFhnK pko/ ikDekoh d/Dk.
pZfunK Bkb f;ZXk ;zgoe eoe/ T[BQK dhnK o[uhnK, r[DK ns/ fdwkrh gZXo pko/ ikDekoh b?Dk.
pZfunK B{z t'e/FBb e'o;K pko/ ikDekoh d/ e/ gkoN NkJhw B"eoh bJh T[sFkfjs eoBk.
y/shpkVh ;pzXh j?bg bkJhB F[o{ eoBk. fJ; j?bg bkJhB ftZu y/shpkVh ns/ y[oke ;pzXh feZfsnK ns/ gq'i?eNK dh ikDekoh d/D bJh
y/shpkVh Bkb ;pzXs ikDekoK dh ew/Nh fsnko eoBk sK i' ;w/A ;w/A f;o T[j y/shpkVh ftZu nk ojhnK spdhbhnK ns/ BthA
nes{po 2006
20

seBkb'ih, ph}K iK j'o BthnK c;bK, gq'i?eNK pko/ fe;kBK B{z gq/os eo ;eD.
2H pZfunK bJh e?ohno ns/ rkJhv?A; dh j?bg bkJhB F[o{ eoBk. fi; ftZu pZfunK B{z T[jBK dhnK y{phnK ns/ o[uhnK nB[;ko nrb/oh
gVQkJh bJh ftfFnK dh u'D eotkT[Dk, T[jBK B{z e?ohno tk;s/ rkJhv?A; d/Dh ns/ T[jBQK B{z ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu gVQkJh d"okB ns/
gVQkJh s'A pknd fe; feZs/ ftZu B"eoh d/ w"e/ j'Dr/, pko/ ikDekoh d/Dk. competitive exams bJh ;b/p; ns/ }o{oh fNg; dh ikDekoh
d/Dk.
3H ;?whBko eoe/ pZfunK ns/ B"itkBK B{z feos eoB bJh gq/oBk ns/ t'e/FBb e'o; eoB bJh T[sFkfjs eoBk sK i' pZfunK ftZu
nkofEe fBoGosk dh ;'u g?dk j' ;e/.
4H ;fjekosk ns/ ;P?-o'}rko ~ T[sFkfjs eoBk.
5H Employers and job seekers bJh fJe tXhnk gb/Nckow fsnko eoBk.
6H ;oekoh$r?o ;oekoh$ftZsh ;z;EktK nkfd s'A fwbD tkbhnK ftF/F ;j{bsK pko/ ikDekoh d/Dh.
fJj vkfJo?eN'o/N ;kb nes{po 2005 ftZu j'Ad ftZu nkfJnk fi; ftZu dk; s'A fJbktk vkL w'fjzdo f;zx, vkL nwoihs e"o ps"o n?vhFBb
vkfJo?eNo d/ ;/tk fBGkn oj/ jB. feT[Afe fJj vkfJo?eN'o/N dh T[wo ni/ w;K jh fJe ;kb dh j? ns/ ekoi pj[s ftFkb j?, b/feB r[o{ gksFkj
dh feqgk ;dek vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A ekoi brksko ikoh jB. fJ;/ ;kb n?ro' j?bg bkJhB F[o{ ehsh ik u[Zeh j?. fi; ftZu n?e;goN vkL
n?wHn?;HfrZb, vkL n?;Hn?;H ;'yh, vkL i/Hn?;H e[bko pky{ph ;/tk fBGkn oj/ jB. N?bh\'B s/ iK fBZih g[ZSfrZS B{z pj[s jh ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb
;[bMkfJnk ik fojk j? ns/ tZX s'A tZX e'fFF ehsh iKdh j? fe jo soQK d/ ;tkbK d/ n?e;goN; okjhA p/jsohB ;[Mkn fdZs/ ikD. vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A
eJh fgzvK ftZu d"ok th ehsk frnk ns/ vkL n?wHn?;H (frZb) tb'A brkJ/ rJ/ gq'i?eNK dk s}opk th fbnk.
fJ;/ ;kb d/jokd{B e?Ag ftu vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A feos eoB ns/ ;jh ;pi?eN (ftF/) dh u'D ns/ e?ohno ;pzXh ftF/ #s/ b?euo th ehsk
frnk. e?ohno ns/ ftfFnK dk brksko fJzNoB?N ns/ j'o t;hfbnK s'A vkNk fJeZso ehsk ik fojk j? sK i' ibdh jh e?ohno ;pzXh j?bg bkJhB
F[o{ ehsh ik ;e/. fJ; B{z ibdh s'A ibdh B/go/ ukVQD bJh vkfJo?eN'o/N d/ d\so ;eZso ;qL oftzdo f;zx dh fB:[esh ehsh rJh j? i' brksko
Bt/A-Bt/A ftfFnK pko/ ikDekoh fJeZmh eo oj/ jB. (i[bkJh s'A j[D sZe vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A gVQkJh d/ ftfFnK$y/shpkVh ns/ o[}rko ;pzXh 90 d/
eohp ;tkbK dk itkp fdZsk frnk j?. iB ;zgoe vkfJo?eN'o/N Bkb fwb e/ ;'fJnkphB ns/ fJ; d/ gq'veN; ;pzXh ikDekoh w[jZJhnk eotkJh
rJh. ;kvk fto;k ;kvk r"ot w?r}hB ftZu th brksko feos ;pzXh nkoNheb fdZsk ik fojk j?. fJ;/ bVh ftZu vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A y/shpkVh
;pzXh, e?ohno rkJhv?A; ;pzXh ns/ fJzv;Nqh} ;pzXh ikDekoh fdZsh ikt/rh.
nrb/ ;kb bJh ekoi:'iBk
(1) n?ro' p/;v j?bg bkJhB d/ Bkb Bkb fgzvK ftZu ik e/ T[E'A d/ t;BheK B{z y/shpkVh ;pzXh BthA ikDekoh d/Dh ns/ feos eoB bJh
gq/oBk.
(2) wkvb fgzv d/ concept B{z T[sFkfjs eoB bJh e'Jh fJe fgzv u[D e/ T[; B{z jo gZy'A wkvb fgzv pBkT[Dk.
(3) e?ohno rkJhv?A; j?bg bkJhB F[o{ eoBk.
(4) ;e{bK$ekbiK ftZu ;?whBko eoe/ pZfunK B{z feos eoB bJh gq/oBk, ftfFnK ns/ e?ohno ;pzXh ikDekoh d/Dh.
(5) Xkofwe ;EkB ns/ ftfdne ndkfonK B{z nfij/ fJBcow/FB ;?ANo pBkT[D bJh gq/oBk.
(6) ;oekoh$r?o ;oekoh$ftZsh ;z;EktK s'A fwbD tkbhnK ;j{bsK pko/ ;KM/ ;?whBko eoB/.
pkeh d/ T[d/FK w[skpe nZr/ nkT[D tkb/ ;kbK ftZu nekb g[oy ih dh feqgk ;dek ekoi ehs/ ikDr/. tkfjr[o{ feqgk eo/ ns/ nkg ;G
nekb g[oy nZr/ i'dVh eoBk ih fe i' ekoi$;/tk gqG{ nkg nkgD/ pZfunK s'A, ;/teK s'A eotk fojk j?, gqG{ ih dh feqgk pDh oj/ ns/ fJj tho G?DK
dk ek\bk r[o{ fgnkfonK dh ;/tk eodk oj/. gziK ftekoK ns/ yk; eoe/ jT[w? dh w?b nkg nkgD/ ;/teK dh }o{o XT[Ad/ ofjDk ih.
eyiff pRojYkt fwierYktoryt
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb fgSb/ fszB djkfenK s'A ;wki;/th ekoiK dh g{osh bJh d;tzX ns/ j'o ;z;EktK s'A
fwbh ;jkfJsk B{z tos e/ ;wki ;/th ekoiK dh g{osh eodk nk fojk j?. fJBQK ekoiK ~ ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb ubkT[D ns/ ft;Eko
bJh j'o wkfJe ;jkfJsk dh b'V B{z wfj;{; eofdnK J/fvv gq'i?eN; vkfJo?eN'o/N B{z j'Ad ftZu fbnKdk frnk. fJ;
vkfJo?eN'o/N dk w[Zy wzst ;NZvh ;oeb bJh j'o ftZsh t;hfbnK B{z fJeZsos eoBk j?. j'o ftZsh ;kXB fJeZso eoB bJh
fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A Bt/A gqki?eN ftT[As/ ns/ xV/ iKd/ jB. fco ;oekoh ns/ r?o-;oekoh ;z;EktK dh Gkb eoe/ T[BQK d/
w[skfpe gqki?eN ftZu b'VhAdhnK spdhbhnK ehshnK iKdhnK jB ns/ T[BQK ;z;EktK d/ ;bkj wFto/ Bkb nzsw o{g fdZsk
nes{po 2006
21

iKdk j?. gqki?eN dh gqtkBrh s'A pknd ftZsh ;jkfJsk fwbDh F[o{ j' iKdh j?. fJ; ;kb (2006-2007) fJ; vkfJo?eN'o/N tb'A uko Bt/A gqki?eN
fbnKd/ rJ/. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb tb'A fJ; s'A gfjbK uko gqki?eN ;\bsk g{ote ubkJ/ ik oj/ jB. Bt/A ns/ gfjb/ s'A ub oj/ gqki?eN
j/m fbyhnK ;z;EktK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb ubkJ/ ik oj/ jB L
;oekoh ;z;EktK
1. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
2. Ministry of Culture
r?o-;oekoh ;z;EktK
1. Society for promotion of youth and masses
2. Society for service to voluntary agencies
fJBQK T[gob/ gqki?eNK s'A fJbktk fJe pj[s tZvk gqki?eN ftd/Fh ;jkfJsk Bkb ubkT[D bJh T[bhfenk frnk j?. fJe j'o gqki?eN pZfunK
ftZu B?fse f;Zfynk d/ gq;ko bJh Human Resource Development Ministry d/ ;fj:'r Bkb ubkD bJh T[bhfenk frnk j?. HIV/AIDS
Awareness and Risk reduction s/ gqki?eN nwohek ;fEs Bill and Millinda Gates Foundation dh wdd Bkb ubkT[D bJh :sB nkozG/
rJ/ jB.
e/Adoh }'B ftZsh ;jkfJsk gqkgs eoB bJh Bt/ ;q'sK dh fBozso Gkb eodk ofjzdk j?. GftZy bJh ;kvk fJj ftuko j? fe ;NZvh ;oeb d/ j'o
}'B nkgD/ }'B dhnK b'VK B{z w[Zy oZy e/ Bt/A gq'i?eNK dh f;oiBk eoB. vkfJo?eN'o/N nkc J/fvv gqki?eN fJBQK gqki?eN; bJh ftZsh ;jkfJsk
T[gbpX eoB bJh :sB eo/rk. fJBQK gq'i?eNK B{z pBkT[D bJh g{oh ikDekoh e/Adoh }'B s'A gqkgs ehsh ik ;edh j?. fJBQK gqki?eN; B{z gZe/ g?ohA
}'B ftZu ubkT[D bJh }'B ftZu e[ZM p[fBnkdh b'VK }o{oh jB, fit/A fe }'B dk nkgDk d\so, uzrh wkfJe ;fEsh, ;/tk bJh ekoieosktK dk
j'Dk ns/ ekoieosktK dk ftfdne gZXo fJfsnkfd. fJBQK gZyK dh iku bJh e/Adoh }'B tb'A fJe gq'ckowk pDkfJnk frnk j?, fi; nB[;ko }'B
nkgDh ;fEsh B{z gqki?eN ubkT[D :'r pDk e/ Bt/A gqki?eN ubk ;eDr/.
mltImIfIAw pRofkSn Aqy nwtk pRdrSn fwierYktoryt
T[d/F s/ wzst L
1H
2H
3H
j[D sZe fsnko j'J/ ;bkJhv F'n
;ko/ }'BK ~ nkgD/ fJbkfenK ftZu g/F eoB bJh ;efogNK gqdkB eoBhnK.
gkto g[nkfJzN g/Fekoh (ezfgT{No ;bkJhv F'n)
;hvh} dk fBowkD
wbNhwhvhnk ftGkrl ;ko/ vkfJo?eN'o/NK B{z wbNhwhvhnk ;jkfJsk s/ skbw/b gqdkB eoB bJh tuBpZX j?.
;ko/ e?AgK s/ fenkohnK d/ bJh gkto g[nkfJzN b?euo} fsnko eoe/ ;pzXs ftGkrK$}'BK$:{fBNK ~ d/D/.
;bkJhv F'n fsnko eoB/ s/ fJBQK B{z g/FeofsnK dh f;ybkJh d/Dh.
t?p;kJhN T[Zs/ gkT[D bJh w[cs vkT{Bb'v eoB fjZs wkBt GbkJh dhnK g/FekohnK.
ebkswe T[Zusk tkbhnK ;hvh} fsnko eoB s/ fJBQK B{z tkip tgkoe x/o/ ftZu fbnkT[D bJh gqwkDs eoBk.
ihtB ebk ns/ F];hns ftek; d/ pko/ wbNhwhvhnk g/FekohnK fsnko eoe/ d/DhnK.
BkNe ftGkrl wzu g/Fekoh d/ bJh xZN, dofwnkB/ ns/ T[Zuh bkrs d/ BkNe$fJeKrh fsnko eoB bJh ;/X d/Dh. ;efogN; gqdkB
eoBhnK, ebkekoK dh u'D eoBh, }'BK$y/soK ns/ fJekJhnK ftZu BkNe wzvbhnK B{z g/FekohnK eoB bJh ;/X d/Dh s/ skbw/b eoBk.
e/Adoh gZXo #s/ ;efogN p?Ae s/ w?Nhohnb p?Ae pDk e/ }'BK B{z gqdkB eoB bJh fsnko eoBk.
BkNeK s'A nZr/ tZX e/ S'NhnK s/ tZvhnK fcbwK fsnko eoB dk T[dw eoBk.
1H fJ;soh Go{D jZfsnk ;pzXh fJ;soh dh G{fwek 2H f;Zy fJfsjk; ftZu fJ;soh 3H e/; gq;zr 4H ihtB ebk 5H ofjs wo:kdk
6H BFhbhnK dtkJhnK$szpke{$Fokp d/ wkV/ gqGkt
nes{po 2006
22

thH ;hvh} fobh} tk;s/
1H r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp 2 H r[o{ noiB d/t ih 3H f;Zy ofjs wo:kdk 4H d;sko 5H okr (31 okrK dh fusoktbh)
g/FekohnK
nzfwqs, wkdk Go{D jZfsnk, gqj/} s/ e"wKsoh i[rfs-J/v} ezNo'b, f;Zy s'A ykb;k, ;kyhnK, BFk y'oh fJbki:'r o'r j?, ihtB ebk, BF/
dh tkdh, f;Zyh d/ w[ZYb/ f;XKs, ;t:/, ykb;k, w{b wzso, oZph gops, wkg/, nzsohth FKsh, e/;K dh fcbk;ch, f;Zy fcbk;ch, r[o{ BkBe dhnK
f;ZfynktK, Fokp dh tZvh wko, gqt/F BFk, szpke{ wko/, BFk y'oh-fJe tZvh ;wZf;nk, BFk y'oh ns/ BF/ dh tkdh dk fJbki, d;sko, fttkj dhnK
;[rksK, fJ;soh, feos dh wjkBsk, feos, 1984 dk f;Zy fto'Xh esb/nkw, gzi B?fse d'F, f;Zyh d/ w[ZYb/ f;XKs, f;Zy Xow dhnK ftF/FsktK,
f;Zyh d/ fBokb/ bZSD, ftFtk;, ;zgsh, GktBk, F[eokBk s/ w[esh, ;XkoB ihtB s/ f;Zyh, ihtB dh wzf}b, oZp, r[owfs ihtB iku-s/ik f;zx,
r[owfs ihtB iku, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp, r[o{ BkBe, e/;K dh wjZssk, ig[ih d/ gzi yzv, w"s fgS'A f}zdrh, f;Zyh dh b'V, fgnko d/ nwb s/
eow eKvK d/ yzvB dh b'V, Xow ns/ soe, f;ZyK dh fBseko, ;/tk, f;Zy fbftzr gzikph, f;Zy ihtB iku, f;Zy Fjhd, nzso Xow ;pzXh g/Fekoh,
f;Zy fJfsjk;, Fjhd s/ ;{opho, f;Zyh ns/ ftfrnkB, f;Zyh ;pzXh ;bkJhv F'n, wo:kdk, wkBth J/esk, ;[Zuh ihtB ikue d/ G/d, ftfdnkoEhnK
dk ;otgZyh ftek;, pkoKwkj.
r[
iv`qI vsIly pRbMD fwierYktoryt
i?;k fps[ s?;k j'fJ tos? ng[Bk pb[ Bjh jko?..
o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;NZvh ;oeb dk nzsookFNoh ;o{g ns/ fdZy ;ko/ ;z;ko ftZu o{gwkB ns/ fdqFNwkB j' ;eD dk
;pZp tkfjr[o{ dh pyfFF ;dek ;[j/bk j' u[Zek j?, fJ; Bkb iZE/pzdh d/ ;ko/ vkfJo?eN'o/N ftzr ndko/ ekoiFhb ns/
ft;Eko-tkbsk tZb fBZro T[;ko{ edw j'o nr/o/ tXk oj/ jB. ftZs ftGkr dh i[zw/tkoh j'o th shpo ns/ wx ojh j?.
ftZs ftGkr tZb'A iZE/pzdh d/ ;ko/ b/y/-i'y/ ~ gkodoFh, ftt/eFhb, ;ziwsk ns/ itkp-d/jh #s/ nXkfos eoB fjZs fdqV
;zebg j' e/ ;zftXkB nB[;ko ekoi ehs/ ik oj/ jB. iZE/pzdh d/ ekoiK dk ft;Eko ;z;ko gZXo #s/ pj[-fdFkth ns/ pj[-wzibh j' fojk j?. ;kps
edwh Bkb iZE/pzdh dk tZX fojk ftek; pj[-nekoh ftZsh ;kXB b'udk s/ Gk;dk j?. ftZs ftGkr uh\ nkor/BkJh}o fgqzL okw f;zx ih ns/ uh\
;eZso vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih dh ;[:'r ns/ ftFkb fdqFNh tkbh nrtkJh ns/ ;[gohw e"A;b d/ fdFk fBod/FK nB[;ko GftZy-w[Zyh ftZsh ;kXBK
~ ;zi'D ns/ gqkgs eoB tk;s/ Bt/A fBo'J/ fd;jZd/ sbkF fojk j?, fiBQK ;pzXh ;zy/g o{g ftZu p/Bsh eoB dh y[Fh gqkgs eo fojk jK.
ftZsh ;kXBK ~ j'o ;[fdqV eoB tk;s/ Gkos ;oeko, gzikp ;oeko d/ ;wkfie GbkJh, f;js, f;Zfynk, o[}rko ns/ j'o nB/eK ;ehwK
s/ gq'i?eNK d/ nXhB seBheh s"o #s/ :'rsk ;fjs gq'i?eN ;oeko gk; G/i/ ik u[Ze/ jB. BFk S[vkT{ e/Ado j'o y'b/ ik oj/ jB, fiBQK d/ wkfXnw
okjhA iZE/pzdh o[}rko s/ ftZsh ;kXB gqkgs eo/rh. gzikp dhnK gqw[Zy ;z;EktK, F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh, fdZbh f;Zy r[od[nkok gqpzXe
ew/Nh, j}{o ;kfjp fvt?bgw?AN p'ov Bkb GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ fjT{wB fo;'o; fvt?bgw?AN, j'o gq'i?eNK, w[fjzwK ns/
gqkEfwesktK tk;s/ ;kofEe ns/ nkofEe ftuko tNKdok ehsk ik fojk j?. feT[Afe iZE/pzdh dk T[d/F s/ T[gokbk j/we[zN ;kfjp fizBh T[ukJh dh
sKx oydk j?, fJ; eoe/ nzsookFNoh ;jkfJsk b'VhAdh nsh }o{oh j?. fJ; gqEkfJ fpbr?N ckT{Av/FB, wfbzvk ckT{Av/FB, c'ov ckT{Av/FB ns/ :{
n?B U dhnK ;z;EKtK Bkb T[BQK d/ gZXoK dh fbysh ftuko tZy-tZy fJb?eNq'fBe whvhnk d/ ;kXBK okjhA ehsh ik ojh j?. fJ; d/ pj[s ;kofEe ns/
Gog{o Bshi/ ;Zu/ gksFkj dh pyfFF Bkb o{gwkB j'Dr/.
vkL uoB ewb f;zx ih d/ vhw g'qi?eN gfotkoe ;zgoe w[fjzw okjhA :{fBN gZXo #s/ nkofEe w}p{sh tkbk gq'rokw 34t/A ;kbkBk e/Adoh
;wkrw #s/ g/F ehsk ik fojk j?. ftZs ftGkr dk ;w[Zuk ekoi ;qL jfozdo f;zx ;hH J/H ns/ ;qL sob'uB f;zx ;hH J/H ns/ j'o r[of;Zy nkofEe
wkfjoK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb gkodoFsk ns/ p?Afezr gqDkbh dh so} s/ o;hd p[ZeK s/ p?bz; FhN }'B tkJhi s/ :{fBN gZXo dk ftZs f;;Nw dk ykek
nkT[Ad/ toQ/ ftZu ikoh ehsk ik fojk j?. p?bz; FhN ;NZvh ;oeb dh t?Zp ;kJhN #s/ fdykJh ik ;e/ ns/ ;kbkBk p}N dh g/Fekoh fij/ fBoD/ ftuko
nXhB jB. r[opkDh d/ T[go'es f;ob/y tkb/ wjKtke dh nrzwh GktBk nB[;ko ftZs ftGkr ;zrsK dhnK n;h;K s/ ;fj:'r Bkb ub fojk j?.
w/oh fBwkD/ ;/te ti'A ;Zu/ gksFkj d/ uoBK ftZu no}'Jh s/ nodk; j? fe ;Zu/ gksFkj ;kvh iZE/pzdh ~, @@jZE iZE/pzdh dk s/ yh;k s/ok##, dh nihw
pyfFF eoB.
nes{po 2006
23

S.VIKRAMJIT SINGH
Xow ftjbVg[D/ ~ Ffj BjhA d/Adk ;r'A
feos ftos eo Xow dh ns/
xkfb ykfJ feS[ jEj[
d/fJ dh skehd eodk j?.
r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp dk frnkB wB[Zy B{z fgSKj fyZu{ s/ soZeh d/ okj ftZu o'e BjhA pDkT[Adk ;r'A
T[; B{z j'o nr/o/ tXD ns/ ftfrnkBhnK B{z
@@e/s/ fJzd uzd ;{o e/s/ e/s/ wzvb d/;## bZGD dh
g/qoBk eodk j?.
n;hA ;wkfie spdhbh d/ g{oh soQK jkwh jK. y{B yokp/ Bkb BjhA, wkBf;e spdhbh Bkb, ;{M
Bkb, ;fGnsk Bkb, d?th p'bK d/ gqekF Bkb.
ubkehnK, j[fFnkohnK s/ f;nkDg Bkb ihtB nkBzdwJh BjhA pD ;edk, ;r'A nkg/ ftZu
ftFkbsk fbnk e/, o{jkBh S'jK jk;b eoe/ ns/ f;woB d[nkok ;PQ?-;'X eoe/ jh ;\b
;zs[fbs ihtB ihftnk ik ;edk j?.
SUN GROUP
M/S SUN INTERNATIONAL
SUN HOUSE, Q-10, HAUZ KHAS, NEW DELHI-16
Phone : 91-11-26563344, 26562979 , 26565790, 26863118(O)
Mobile : 098100-61111, Fax : 91-11-26964950, 26966370
nes{po 2006
24

Editorial
G
My dear readers,
Wahe guru ji ka khalsa
Waheguru ji ki fateh.
Guru Nanak Ji spoke such in Asa ki var "so kyon manda
akhiay, jit jamai rajaan", why she be condemned who gives birth
to kings or great persons, Guru Nanak raised his voice against
the irresponsible behaviour of the society at that time towards
women who had been oppressed, downgraded and exploited
over the ages by the male dominated society. Sikhism
emphasized the importance of Gristh-Ashram (Married Life),
and Guru Ram Das Ji explained the concept of married life in the
Four Lavan, which are recited at the time of Anand Karj. Sikh
religion preached to give all due respect to women and
encouraged them to grow with dignity along with men. We
remember with reverence, the role of the noble Sikh women
played in Sikh history from time to time. Mata Sulakhni Ji, Bebe
Nanaki Ji, Mata Kheevi Ji, Bibi Bhani ji, Mata Gujari Ji, Mai
Bhago Ji are few names which inspire the Sikh women. Guru
Amar Dass Ji even appointed two women as incharge of Manjis
for the responsibility of preaching of Sikh religion. Rani Jindan's
role of fighting to the last breath of her life against the
cunningness of East India Company i.e. British Empire is an act
of great display of bravery, courage and self-esteem.
Such is the history of the Sikh religion where Sikh women
were respected and were considered to be the source of strength
for the family. Unfortunately, the Female Sex Ratio is declining
extremely in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. In Punjab, the
official figure for female is 874 against 1000 males due to the
mass practice of Female Foeticide. Many Sikhs are indulging in
this practice now-a-days which is against the teachings of the
Sikh-Faith. With this falling Female Sex Ratio, how a Sikh male
shall find a compatible Sikh female? Either some Sikh males
shall remain unmarried or they have to find women of other
faiths, who shall be in general be of low breed with less
intelligence and without any knowledge of the Sikh religion. If
this situation is not controlled, it shall further weaken the Sikh
religion, as already Patit-Puna is posing a serious problem.
The main reason against this Female Foeticide is the
strong feeling in the society that a girl is a great burden on the
family. The demand of heavy dowry and the lavish money to be
spent on the marriage ceremony are the big problems for parents
of girls, otherwise nobody would like to kill a child before it is
Principal Hari Singh
Assistant Editor
English Section
born. Kerala is a State of India where
there are more females than per
thousand men, but the Christian
religion has played great part in
awakening the people and imparting
good education in that state. There is
no such problem in European
countries and in America. The Sikh
religious leaders should think to
tackle this problem seriously. The
Sikh Faith preaches Kirat Karo, Nam
Japo and Wand Chhako with further
emphasis on Truthful Simple Living.
Unfortunately lavishness, outward
show and ill-practices have engulfed
the lives of many of the Sikhs,
thereby it has become difficult to
find suitable matches for the girls by
people with meager resources. I feel
that there should be a directive
(HukamNama) from Akal Takhat to
solemnize the marriages with Sikh
Maryada without any dowry and
making it as simple as possible.
Similarly religious leaders of other
faiths should also raise their voice
against this heinous crime
committed in the society. Parents
should be asked to spend money on
imparting high quality education to
their daughters and also teach them,
the moral values of the Sikh Faith so
that they can improve the quality of
life of the family to which they go
after marriage. In this way, the
quality of the Sikh Faith shall
improve and Sikhism shall shine.
October 2006
25

GURSIKH MEET CHALO
GUR CHAALEE
(ACTION PLAN FOR GURSIKHS AS ORDAINED BY THE GURU)
1. Amrit Vela, Sach Naao, Wadiyaee Veechaar :
Life of a Gursikh starts with Amritve a : The time is
very important for concentration in Simran, Gurbani
recitation, Kirtan & Katha' alone, with family or in sangat
"Vich sangat Har Prabh vasai jeeo"
2. Dharam Karam Anuraago :
Whatever we have planned for the day, should be a
part of our life's aim; remembering Guru Arjun's " Awar kaj
tere kite na kam, mil sadh sangat bhaj keval Naam !" "Kar kar
thake wade wadere, kinhee na keeye kaaj maaya poore. Har
Har Naam jape jan koe, ta kee as pooran hoye. "
3. Jaalo Aisee Reet Jit Men Piyara Veesrai :
Discard all those traditions & actions that are
obstacles in the Divine Path. Are not TV & Newspapers taking
away your precious time?
4. Alap Ahaar :
What we eat must be strictly watched. Hary Banjamin
(Diet Specialist) observes that an average man eats three
times his requirement & hence remains ill all his life. Indian
tradition of having two meals a day must be accepted with no
snacks in between. For health, Tea, Coffee & soft drinks must
be avoided at all costs.
5. Rakh Ghareebee Ves :
By adopting simple living, we can help the needy
J.P. (Nanda)
4/19, Ashirvad Enclave
Dehradun
around us with our own income. It
is our duty to ensure" Sarbat ka
bhala' in this way.
6. Mitha Bolan, Niv Chalan :
We should be careful not to
hurt someones feelings by our ego.
We should try our best to give due
regards & respects to our near &
dears around us. Humility has
been taught to us by Guru Nanak !
7 Gurbani Kanth :
Whatever Gurbani we
remember by heart (esp. during
our earlier years) remains an asset
with us for life. We can never feel
lonely or bored: It helps us during
waiting for a bus, train, a plane
and during morning walk too.
8. Gyan Guru Atam Updesso :
Along with Sri Guru Granth
Sahib recitation, we should go
thro' the works of Bhai Vir Singh ji,
Sant Randhir Singh ji, Principal
Teja Singh, Raghbir Singh Bir, Prof
Sahib Singh and other scholars &
saints whose words have a divine
power to guide us on the right
path.
9. Bande Khoj Dil Har Roz:
At the end of the day, we
must review our actions
performed during the day. We will
find many failings & mistakes. To
learn from our mistakes, failures
& not to repeat them is true "Art of
Living".
10. Sulap Si Nidra :
It is easy to control sleep for
those who have control over their
eating. To sleep early after
planning for tomorrow in His
remembrance, is the secret of
getting up early morning.
October 2006
26

W
Weight loss is achieved by the dieting person only
through control over the quality and quantity of food intake.
Once the weight loss is achieved and the ideal weight is reached
then it is necessary to maintain the normal weight permanently.
There are slimming centres who advises you to depend on rice
diet, banana diet, liquid protein diet and no carbohydrate diet.
The main drawback of this diet is that it proves hazardous in the
long run in manipulation of the components of moral balanced
diet into an unbalanced one to achieve weight loss. The person
who is 30-50% over the ideal weight according to LIC chart
should follow the protein sparing modified fasting diet
containing, 50 g protein and 500 calories/day. The person should
not continue this diet for more than 12 weeks otherwise result
could be precarious.
Exercise is important to reduce the weight. Not only
walk but there are so many exercises which reduce the weight
eg. skipping, jogging, swimming etc. and there are many
yogasans which help to reduce the fat from the specific area of
the body. There should be proper balance between the energy
intake and energy expenditure otherwise it results in creeping
obesity.
The person who does labour work and athletes need
more calories ranging between 3000-4000 calories/day.
Activities like walking, running, jogging, swimming, cycling and
How to Remove Obesity
THOUGHTS
Your thought is an ancient dogma that cannot change you nor
can you change it. My thought is new and it tests me and I test
it morning and evening.
Your thought allows you to believe in the unequal contest of
the strong against the weak, and in the tricking of the simple
by the subtle ones. My thought creates in me the desire to till
the earth with my hoe, and harvest the crops with my sickle,
and build my home with stones and mortar and weave my
raiment with woolen and linen threads. (Kirat Karo)
Your thought urges you to marry wealth and notability. Mine
commends self-retiance.
Your thought instils in your heart arrogance and superiority.
Mine plants within me love for peace and desire for
independence. (jT[w? ~ wkoBk)
Kahlil Gibran
Hardeep Kaur
96, Phase-2, Urban Estate
Dugri, Ludhiana
music are effective in burning
calories in the first 12 minutes. So
exercise and diet is the ideal
combination to reduce the weight.
While reducing weight by exercise,
person should keep some points in
mind eg :- 500 calories reduce 1
pound per week. If dieting person
perform exercise for half an hour eg
walking briskly, it will expend about
140-150 calories per day (i.e. app.
1000 calories per week) It means, he
will reduce 1500 calories per week.
If the duration of exercise is doubled
i.e. an hour, then calories reduction
upto 300 calories per day. If two
exercises (e.g.) walking & yoga are
combined then there is no need to
restrict on diet. This shows that the
physical activity can be used
effectively by itself or with
combination with mild dietary
control held in loss of body fat. One
may exercise longer but not harder
otherwise it may strain the heart.
While reducing weight,
person should remember some
points. i.e. he should not use
artificial practices eg medication
when eating away from home or in
the company of guest take care and
avoid excess food but do not be
upset if you miss your planning.
Baked foods instead of frying use
non sticky utensils. Do not use
crispy, only, sweety, syrupy sticky
or alcoholic food. Artificial
sweetners such as drops or tablets of
sacchrin may be used, but over use
of sacchrin may cause undesirable
effects. Do not use foods which are
of empty calories eg. sugars, alcohol,
October 2006
27

cold drinks. Take lot of salad eg. carrot, raddish & cucumber before lunch and dinner. It is a medicine for
an obese person because salad contain lots of fibre which binds all the fat (deposited in the blood)
excreted through stool. In the breakfast, always take stuffed roti with raddish or carrot because it
contain lots of fibre. Take fruit (i.e. guava, apple, pear, papaya) instead of juice, because juices have lots
of sugar and no fibre. So intake of fibre in the diet reduces the calories. Person should take one teaspoon
Isobgol with two glass of luke warm water before going to sleep. This will excrete all fat from your body
through stool or urine. Use refined soya oil or sunflower oil while cooking. Never use Desi Ghee in you
diet. Always use skimmed milk. The basic principle of reducing diets is to provide lesser calories than
what a person requires about 1000-1200 calories diet is found to suffice and proteins intake should be 1
gm/Kg of ideal body weight should be supplied through the diet. Fats about 3-4 teaspoon / day is
recommended Carbohydrates eg. sugar, jam squashes, fruit juices should be avoided because they do not
contribute bulk to the diet. A diet with good amount of fibre should be used to achieve a fulness with
lesser amount of calories. Vitamins, including green leafy vegetable, fresh fruits and whole grains
cereals and sprouted legumes in the diet are essential for our body. Do not skip any meal in your diet
otherwise your body will not have capacity to burn the food you take in a day.
Food exchange list (per day)
Item No. of Exchanges Protein B (g) Calories
1. Milk Two cup i.e in form of curd/lassi 10.0 200
2. Legume and Pulse Two serving (100 gm total) 12.0 200
3. Vegetable A Two serving (60+60=120gm) - -
(Green leafy & yellow vegetables)
4. Vegetable B On serving (60-70 gm) - 50
Ladyfinger, gaurd, brinjal)
5. Fruit 2 - 100
6. Cereal 5 (1 + 2 +2) - 500
7. Fat 1 (25gm) - 100
8. Sugar 10gm - 40
1190
Your self determination and mental control will see you through.
Keep in mind even models have to maintain their BMI (body Mass Index) between 18 to 25.
Value of time
To know the value of a year,
ask the boy who failed in the examination..
To know the value of a month
ask the mother who delivered a premature baby.
To know the value of a week,
ask the editor of a weekly.
To know the value of a day,
ask the daily waged labourer
To know the value of a minute,
ask the person who missed the train,
To know the value of a second,
ask the person who escaped a major accident.
To know the value of a millisecond,
ask the person who missed a gold in a race.
Thus value time, as it waits for none.
October 2006
28

Surjit Singh (Gandhi)
Bhai Mardana
B
Bhai Mardana was the closest associate and the first
disciple of Guru Nanak. According to Manohar Das Mehrban,
Mardana had been the companion of Guru Nanak since
childhood. Both Bhai Mardana and Guru Nanak were born at
Talwandi Rai Bhoi Ki; Bhai Mardana in 1459 CE and Guru
Nanak in 1469 CE. Mardana's original name was Dana. Mardana
was the name conferred on him by Guru Nanak. The names of
Dana's father and mother were Bhai
Badrew and Bibi Lakho.
According to Bhai Kahan Singh, Mardana breathed his last in
1534 CE and Guru Nanak himself performed his last rites.
Badrew and Mardana called every morning at the
houses of local residents and obtained alms, generally in kind.
Both would sing to the accompaniment of the Rabab, and on
receiving alms, would move next door. According to Professor
Satbir Singh; "Nanak and Mardana first came into contact in
1480 CE at Talwandi, while, once lying under a tree, the sound of
some one's playing on the Rabab reached his (Guru Nanak's)
ears. He rose, approached the man playing on the Rabab, and
asked his name. He answered, 'Sir, Mirassi (bard) people call me
by the name Dana'.
Hearing this, Baba appreciated his fine playing on the
Rabab and his excellent understanding of Raags. Baba asked
Mardana to accompany him to play the Rabab and sing the
shabad with him, so that he would get the better of both the
worlds. To this Dana replied, 'We hardly make our both ends
meet by singing Raags before the rich. In case we follow you, our
families would starve, we shall miss our prayer ( Namaz) even,
and thus, we might stand condemned in both the worlds. How
do you plan to liberate me?' Guru Nanak said 'O Dana! You are
ignorant. God protects and feeds us all. Namaz (prayer) and roza
(fast) are benedictions, bestowed by God. God's abode is the
heart of the saints. At the final judgement, none shall come to
your rescue? Guru Nanak further emphasised, 'Dana, in case
you now turn to be Mardana (brave) and play Rabab along with
singing the Word of God ( Sabad) you will gain in both the
worlds.' Dana, now transformed into Mardana, set out with
Guru Nanak to enlighten the people living in this world.
Mardana played on the Rabab and Guru Nanak sang the shabad.
Mardana would often accompany the Guru in singing the divine
Word. Thus the kirtan originated among Sikhs.
In the course of time, Nanak left Talwandi, and went to
Sultanpur Lodhi, where he was employed in the service of
Daulat Khan Lodhi, the Governor of Jalander Doab. Nanak, after
some period of time sent for Bhai Mardana from Talwandi. He
Sangrur
came in response to Guru Nanak's
call, and began to reside at Sultanpur
with him.
After the divine experience
at Sultanpur, the Guru decided to
awaken the people to the reality by
undertaking long and arduous
journeys in the four directions. To
begin with, he proceeded to the
eastern part of the subcontinent,
and also cover places in the South
including Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
Some Eminent Sikhs of the Guru
Period
All the time during these
travels, Mardana was with Guru
Nanak. Janamsakhis are replete
with anecdotes portraying the wit
and wisdom of Mardana. Barring a
few episodes which are either
concocted or associated purposely
with the fair name of Bhai Mardana,
possibly to emphasise that the Guru
had the unique power of
October 2006
29

transforming brass into gold, all other stories touch the deepest
chords of human heart as also the root problems of the world
which hamper human progress. Hunger, thirst, family problems,
poverty, insecurity, etc., were some of the things, which often
tormented Mardana, as much as any other human being, but he
did not allow himself to be given to them, and with sustained
effort reached the stage of indentification with the Guru. At the
end of the first itinerary, when Mardana reached Talwandi, his
wife and children tried to stop him from going again with Nanak,
but he did not agree. Now he was awakenesd. So, once again he
accompanied Nanak on his journey to West Asia.
Nanak and Mardana sailed for Saudi Arabia along with
other Hajis. Having visited Mecca and Madina, they reached
Baghdad the capital of the Caliph of Islam. As usual, they stayed
outside the town near a graveyard. Nanak's visit to Baghdad is
recorded in the Var.5 of Bhai Gurdas :
"Baba went to Baghdad, and put up outside the city. The
Immortal personified, Baba was accompanied by the Rababplayer
Mardana."
On the roadside, Nanak began to sing hymns in praise of
God, and Mardana played a symphonic strain on his Rabab.
Although people could not understand the language of the
hymns, yet the melodious voice and the emotion with which the
hymns were being sung, produced a soothing effect on their
minds.
Guru Nanak passed the last two decades of his life at
Kartarpur. Mardana also came to settle at this place. His wife
and two sons, Shahzada and Raizada, also joined him.
In 1534 CE, Mardana fell ill. He grew increasingly weak,
and there was little hope of recovery. Visualizing the
approaching end of Mardana, Guru Nanak asked if his body
after death may be let into water like Brahmins, or it may be
cremated like Khatris, or it may be thrown to the winds like one
of the Parsis or it may be buried like that of a Muslim. Mardana
answered:
"Well, Baba ! You are talking of the body. By the grace of
your teachings, I have entirely forgotten about it. Now, I regard
my soul as the sole guardian of my body."
Again Guru Nanak said:
"Do you wish to be made famous by having a suitable
tomb constructed in your memory?"
Mardana replied:
"When my soul has been separated from its bodily tomb
why shut it up in a sepulchre."
Baba stepped forward, took Mardana in his embrace
and declared:Mardana, you have realized the Infinite."
The following morning, a watch before day-break,
Mardana passed away.
Mardana was a master
Rabab player. He improved the old
form of the instrument by fixing
four to six strings to a hollow base
so as to produce a deep and mellow
resonance.
Mardana composed verses
also, two Slokas under the name of
Mardana are included in the Sri Adi
Granth in Bihagre ki Var. In the
first Sloka, Bhai Mardana calls the
mordern age a vessel filled with the
wine of sexual desires.
"With egotism acting as the
serve/; the mind uses anger as the
cup, fills it with the wine of
emotional attachment and drinks it.
When one keeps the company of
falsehood and greed, the result is
total ruin. "
Mardana goes on to say that
one should ''make the distillery of
one's good deeds, using Truth as
molasses and thus make the True
Wine. "
In the second Sloka,
Mardana compares the body with a
vessel of conceit, and the wine
desires of all kinds, acting as our
buddies in drinking. He calls the
fabled messenger of death, the
server of this wine. But he suggests
that one should make spiritual
wisdom the molasses, praise of
Waheguru the bread, and Fear of
God the meat.
Bhai Mardana observed that
if the human body is made the vessel
and self-realization the wine, then
the nectar of immortality streams
forth.
''Only with the men-of-God
as company, and Lord's love as the
cup filled with this nectar of
immortality can corruption be
banished."
(SGGS - Page 553)
October 2006
30

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Ixjun°G aujmsj AsaX~ k[E~ k[EvAt
]~ ujoY~ kBv n|ajE Ej¨ Ov
October 2006
31

Prabhjot Singh
Secretary General
Sports Wing
Guru Gobind Singh Study Circle
Sports
Talk
At the Oval on Sunday the 20th August 2006, after 1813
Tests in 130 years, Mr.Inzamam-ul-Huq become the first of 280
Test Captains to see the umpire forfeit the match to his opponents.
The Oval was set on fire on this suspense filled Sunday. Utter
confusion engulfed the stadium and the cricket fraternity was
taken aback at the unilateral decision of umpire Darrell Hair to
penalize Pakistan team for ball tampering. Seething with anger the
team felt deeply upset, aggrieved & insulted by the implication that
they had cheated. The biggest question is where was the proof and
if any it should be provided to ensure that this test was not Hair's
last as an umpire. Inzamam too played his cards all wrong and
showed indecisiveness in his actions. He should have protested
visibly and strongly when Hair offered the original insult. He
should have demanded explanation from Hair on the spot and
protest via manager should have been registered. Not taking the
field after tea was in correct decision made by team management
which led to the implication that the team was hurting the spirit of
the game.
By all accounts, Sunday's sordid mess could have been
avoided if the man in the middle, Darrell Hair, had acted with more
sense and sensitivity. Hitler like attitude to stamp his authority on
every match was the falling of the man. A good umpire ought to
ensure correct decisions and game being played with minimum
controversy. The custodian when guards the games rules and not
its spirit is bound to fail & bring out acrimonious reactions. The
biggest loser was not Pakistan but the game it self. The game being
brought into disrepute was due to one man's ego & innate bias, a
watershed created that will echo in cricketing lore, for all the
wrong reasons. The PCB should ask ICC to commission an inquiry
into the whole episode and seriously consider suing Hair for
defamation.
The ICC's habit of brushing the issue under the carpet come
to fore when Darrell Hair's letter for asking monetary
compensation was exposed. The bad precedent for crickets future
was set when Darrell Hair's mercenary attitude in asking for
money came to light. The viel of no nonsense man & one who was
not afraid calling spade-a spade, come off when Hair agreed to the
financial consideration leaving his fraternity of umpires
speechless. The man who most in the sub continual believe is
prejudiced, if not downright racist, has given reasons for his critics
to question his integrity. It is for this reason that the ICC needs to
tread very cautiously in their follow up action. Justice not only be
done but should be seen to be done.
The debacle of Indian Hockey Team at the XIth World Cup
in Germany is further proof of the erosion of the national game. The
teams preparation or lack of direction in it was the main reason for
this failure. Just one victory, out of seven matches & five defeats,
that too just for saving the team from
getting wooden spoon reflected
poorly on the performance. The
psychological barrier to finish off the
match and conceding late goals and
indiscipline along with low levels of
physical fitness was evident through
out. The senior players not
performing and the lack of
understanding & interpretation of the
laws & further failing to put them into
practice led to the dismal 11th
position out of the 12 teams. The core
problem of not availing the penalty
corner was an area which hurt the
team most. The bench strength was
exposed when drag flicker Sandeep
Singh's absence due to freakish bullet
injury left them gasping for breath in
penalty corner situation. It is now up
to the federation to set the house in
order before the Doha Asian Games.
The glorious past of our Hockey and
its connection with Punjab should be
tapped. Along side the mental block of
not appointing a foreign coach with
free hand should now be considered
with seriousness. The fairy tale
summer for Germany continued and
was completed when they
successfully defended the World Cup
in front of their home fans, after great
run in WC soccer was not fulfilled
with gold medal by their heroes.
Moving on to other sports
heroes, the farewell of Andre Agassi
was indeed tearful for the fans of this
colorful and star crowd puller.
Champion on every playing surface
and longevity of this champion was
indeed stand out quality which other
player should try to emulate.
Contd. Page 34.........
October 2006
32

Serve the Virtuous
and Sinners alike
Guru Nanak Sermon To Mula Ki,
Mula Kir came to meet Guru Nanak and offered
humble beseachmest thus : "Master, in the earlier ages of
Ramayana and Mahabharta kings too delight in gambling,
watching dances of beautiful women and dramatic shows
and keeping concubines, and still they were known as
righteous rulers. Are gambling and the luxury of keep
concubines justified these days?"
Guru Nanak said : "In early ages challenging one
another for gambling games was a matter of pride and
prestige with kings. But in the present dark age ( kaliyuga)
we have established different moral values in Sikhism.
Service of the needy and destitute, without judging their
deeds, is one of the fundamental principles of Sikhism.
Gambling leads to countless mistrusts, afflictions and evils.
A Sikh ruler or saint should completely discard gambling and
harkening after prostitutes and keeping concubines. Such
Sikhs are worthy of respect and reverence, who serve others
and have a life of devotion to the Guru.
Bhai Mula recited the hymns of Guru Nanak and the
Bhagtas ( Sabad) and sung them in musical modes ( Ragas). He
considered all the devotees of Guru Nanak, the very image of
his Master, Guru Nanak. He earned his living by hard and
honest labour and received the blessings and goodwill of
every Sikh and non-sikh or saint, who visited him, and he
spent liberally on entertaining them as his honoured Guests.
Day and night he was eager to help and serve all wayfarers,
visitors and needy people who knocked at his door in the
name of Guru Nanak and God. To those who were hungary,
o'r ;'r d{y fs;[ Bkjh..
;kX;zfr jfo ehosB[ rkjh..
rog sog dhookh this naahee..
saadhhusu(n)g has keeruthun gaahee..
Disease, sorrow and pain do not affect him; he
sings the Kirtan of the Lord's Praises in the Saadh
Sangat, the Company of the Holy.
(SGGS 1085)
Anurag Singh
37-Janta Enclave,
Dugri Dhandra Road, Ludhiana
he offered food, and to those who
were in need of clothes, he offered
new clothes.
Taking advantage of his
extreme generosity, a professional
cheat and thief ( Thug), knowing
full well the emotional temper of
devoted Sikhs, knocked at the
door of Bhai Mula and asked for
shelter. The cheat had memorized
many hymns of Guru Nanak and
recited them loudly to impress his
host by his piety. Bhai Mula
served him with great devotion
and reverence. At night Mula's
wife took of her gold ornaments
and placed them in the nitch of the
wall. After that both the husband
and wife went to sleep. The thief
took the casket of the gold
ornaments and concealed it under
the blanket, with which he
covered his body. But the main
door was locked and the key was
with Bhai Mula. He woke up Bhai
Mula and asked him for the keys
saying, that he wanted to go out
into the open field to answer the
call of nature. Bhai Mula
suggested that he could use on
enclosure on the roof of the house
as toilet and he would get it
cleaned the next morning. He
would, in the meantime, prepare
hot water for him so that he could
take his bath, if he so desired. The
thief insisted on leaving at once
and persuaded Mula to open the
door. As soon as he was about to
leave, the casket of ornaments
October 2006
33

slipped from his armpit and Mula saw that it was the casket
containing the gold ornaments of his wife. Bhai Mula picked
up the ornaments and handed it over to the thief, who
hurriedly slipped away.
When Mula's wife woke up, she found the casket of
her gold ornaments missing. She was about to raise an
alarm, when Bhai Mula explaining it away said, "Last night a
thief broke into our house and stole the casket of gold
ornaments. Our guest, the noble Sikh, who recited Guru
Nanak's hymns so well, felt ashamed that gold ornaments
had been stolen while he was staying with them. Feeling that
he may be suspected he left the house in haste. So do not
blame the Sikh of Guru Nanak, who was reciting the Guru's
hymns so well. He got a new set of fold ornaments made for
his wife.
Guru Nanak came to know about this incident
when Mula met Guru Nanak after some months, the Master
bestowed his benediction and delivered the following
sermon : " You have concealed and sheltered shame and sin
of a thief, who took the shelter of my name and pretended to
be my Sikh, well-versed in reciting hymns. He was not a Sikh
but a professional thief. You did not allow my name to be
associated with the misdeeds of the thief, lest people may
have low opinion of my disciples. God will shield and protect
and forgive even your shortcomings and transgressions.
Know the spirit of the word ( Sabad) to be the spirit of the
Guru. Know that the Sabad is the heart and soul of the Guru.
You should concentrate on divine name of the Guru and
meditate on the Word of God in these progressive stages :
Sarvan (SK : Sravana) : hearing within yourself the
divine Name.
Manan : deep knowledge and conviction, based on
experience.
Nidhidhyasana : profound and repeated meditation.
"The third stage is the natural outcome of the first
two. By living such a life of contemplation you shall achieve
liberation from the cycle of birth and death."
References and notes
1. Guru Nanak in his composition Japuji has vividly
portrayed the spiritual experiences of these three
stages : Suniai or sarvan in stages ( Pauris) 7-10, Manai
or manan in Pauris 11-14, and nidhidhyasana ( Parm
Pad-Panch Parvan) in Pauri 16.
Sankracharya in his commentary Brahma Sutras
says : "The comprehension of Brahaman (God) includes
hearing, reasoning and meditation. Mere hearing does not
result is full comprehension or relaization of God."
......... Contd. Page 32
Maria Sharapova's victory in
women's final was a welcome sign
for this charismatic player who can
surely help in filling the vacuum of
Andre's exit with her style and game.
Roger Federer's express was not to
be derailed and his dominance of
mens tennis continued with his
emphatic victory in the US open. The
talk of seeing one of the tennis's all
time master evolve and dominate
was further consolidated with Tiger
Woods presence when Federer
claimed victory. The icon stature in
the game of golf which Tiger has
gained, with five straight victories
including two Majors, British &
PGA, back to back has left all fellow
golfers in awe of his game. Future for
these two great champions holds
greater pastures, as they have the
game and age on their side, to cover
and rewrite all the records in their
name. Our very own hero, Sachin
Tendulkar, took the field in DLF Cup
at Malaysia and scored a
tremendous century on his
comeback, raising hope for the team
& himself on the final bend of his
illustrious career. Now one sincerely
hopes that experiments & trials of
Team India stops quickly & a settled
look be given before it is too late as
the World Cups final countdown has
begun with the start of this season.
At last, the Punjab
Government come forward in a big
way to award the shooters, who had
brought laurels for the country in
recent past. Amanpreet Singh, youth
of the last month, too got his award
and this encouragement will help
him and others in scaling greater
heights. Similarly, the Giant of
Indian Hockey Punjab should wake
up from its sleep to again take charge
of its glorious heritage in the game.
Also it is high time for us to seek
answers from the IHF who again
failed to bring out the best from of its
players.
October 2006
34

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cpus ds fy; viuh toku dU;kvksa dks Jaxkj dj eafnjksa esa nku djrs Fks
ftl ls nsonkfl;ksa dh çFkk dk tUe gqvkA UNI dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS
fd egkjk"Vª] vka/kzk çns'k ,oa dukZVd esa vkt Hkh nsonklh çFkk cM+s iSekus ij
çpfyr gS vkSj bls [kRe djus ds fy;s cuk;s x;s dkuwu ukdkQh gSaA vkt
Hkh nsonklh çFkk cnLrwj tkjh gSA
,sls gkykrksa us euq"; dh lksp dks detksj cuk fn;k vkSj og yM+dh
ds tUe ij ghurk eglwl djus yxk] blh fy, blus yM+dh dks tUeksijkUr
ekjuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj blh us lkl cgw ds fj'rs esa dM+okgV Hkj nhA ijUrq
dqnjr ds tho dks lekt dk vax u ekurs gq,s mls ekj nsuk iki gSA
;g ,d foMEcuk gS fd lekt dh fuekZrk] L=h] Loa; vius lRdkj
çkfIr ds fy, vkt Hkh la?k"kZ dj jgh gSA L=h dbZ ns'kksa dh ç/kkuea=h in ij
jg pqdh gSA fMtkbuj] ik;yV] lh-bh-vks-] oSKkfud] varfj{k vFkkZr gj
{ksrz esa L=h viuk yksgk euok jgh gSA ijUrq vkt Hkh vke L=h dks mldk
curk lEeku çkIr ugha gqvkA xzkeh.k {ksrzksa esa vkt Hkh L=h mUgha iqjkuh
/kkj.kkvksa ds nk;js esa th jgh gSA bl lc ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy;s ge lc dks
lkspuk gksxkA ge lc dks ç.k djuk gksxk fd L=h iq:"k ds Hksn dks [kRe
fd;k tk, vkSj L=h dks mldk curk lEeku fnyk;k tk,A vkt dU;k
Hkw.kZgR;k ,d Toyar leL;k gS ftldk gy ge lHkh dks feydj lkspuk
gksxkA lHkh /kkfeZd] lkekftd] ckSf}d o jktuhfrd 'kfDr;ksa dks feydj
ç;kl djuk gksxk rkfd bl leL;k ls tYn ls tYn NqVdkjk ik;k tk
ldsA
lfoanjthr dkSj
lgk;d laiknd
fgUnh foHkkx
es
drZO;
js ,d fj'rsnkj çksQSlj gSaA
,d ckj eq>s muds ikl dqN le; Bgjus
dk volj çkIr gqvkA eSa jkst ns[krk fd
os dkyst esa NqV~Vh gksus ds mijkUr gh ?kj
okfil vkrsA ,d fnu eSaus muls iwNk &
vady th] vkt dy dbZ çksQSlj çk;%
1&2 ihfj;M yxk dj ?kj okfil pys
tkrs gSaA fQj ?kj tkdj V;w'ku vkfn
i

lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
'kghn HkkbZ cksrk fla?k xjtk fla?k
ia
tkc ds xoZuj [kku cgknj tdjhvk [kku us ;g ,syku dj fn;k
rFkk qduk er rFkk lnk gh ;g vkokt
cqyUn djrs jguk &
HkS dkgw dks nsr ufg
ufg HkS ekur vkuAA
¼xq: xzUFk lkfgc iUuk ƒ†„‰½
HkkbZ cksrk fla?k HkkbZ xjtk fla?k dh
'kgknr flD[kksa dh ohjrk dh thrh tkxrh
felky gSA
vDrwcj 2006
36

n
lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc ds 300osa lEiw.kzrk fnol rFkk
Jh xq: xzUFk ds igys çd'kksRlo dks lefiZr
Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc th
'kes'k firk Jh xq: xksfcUn fla?k th us tksrh tksr lekus ds le; 1708
esa ;g fu.kZ; fy;k fd muds ckn vc dksbZ nsg/kkjh xq: ugha gksxkA vc Jh xq: xzUFk
lkfgc xq:in ij vklhu gksaxs ftuesa 6 fl[k xq:vksa lfgr 36 fgUnw] eqfLye vkSj
fl[k /keksZ ds egkRekvksa] larksa] ihjksa vkSj Qdhjksa dh ck.kh ntZ dh xbZ gSA mUgksaus
dgk fd
vkKk HkbZ vdky dh rHkh pyk;ks iaFk AA
lc fl[ku dks gqDe gS xq: ekfu;ksa xzaFkAA
xq: xzaFk th eku;ksa çxV xqjka dh nsg AA
tks çHkq dks feycks pgS [kkst 'kCn efg ysfgAA
1430 i`"Bksa] 12 cksfy;ksa vkSj 31 jkxksa ds bl xzaFk esa iatkc] egkjk"Vª] fla/k]
fcgkj] mRrj çns'k] xqtjkr] e/; çns'k vkSj jktLFkku ds HkDr dfo;ksa dh jpuk;sa
blesa vafdr gSaA 1604 esa tc igyh ckj bl ^chM+* dk çdk'k Jh xq: vtqZu nso th
us Lo.kZ ezfnj ve`rlj esa fd;k rc ls vkt 400 ls vf/kd o"kZ chr tkus ds ckn Hkh
fo'o dk ;g ,d vdsyk xzUFk gS ftls xq: dh inoh ls lq'kksfHkr gksus dk lkSHkkX;
vkSj xkSjo çkIr gSA lHkh tkfr;ksa] /keksZ ,oa çkarksa dk çfrfuf/Ro djus okyk ;g xzaFk
bl vVy fl)kUr ij ekuork ds xq: ds :i esa iwTuh; gS fd ^
,d firk ,dl ds
ge ckfjd rw esjk xqjgkbZ* tks ckjEckj dgrk gS
^vOoy vYyk uwj mik;k dqnjr ds
lc cans] ,d uwj rs lc tx miT;k dkSu Hkys dks eansAA fdlh Hkh çdkj dk
lS)kfUrd fojks/k] oSpkfjd fojks/k u j[kus okyk ;g xzaFk dgrk gS
^bDdk ck.kh bd
xqj bdks 'kCn ohpkj* ftlesa dsoy ekuork ,oa lPpkbZ ds fl)kUr viuk;s x;s gSaA
okLro esa iape ikr'kkg xq: vtqZu nso th us b; egku xzaFk ds ek/;e ls jk"Vªh;
,drk] /keZ fujis{krk ,ao v[k.Mrk dk thokUr mnkgj.k çLrqr fd;k gSA bl fy,
d`iky fla?k
lgk;d egkizcU/kd]
cSad v‚Q+ cM+kSnk] t;iqj
xq: xzaFk lkfgc dsoy fl[k /keZ dh gh ugha
vfirq leLr ekuork dh vewY; fuf/k gSA xq:
xksfcan fla?k th us xq: dh xfjek çnku djds
fo'o ds lHkh HkDrksa dks 'kCn ds ek/;e ls çHkq
dks [kkstus dk lans'k nsrs gq, xq: xzaFk lkfgc dks
vejRo çnku fd;kA vke vkneh dh le> esa
vkus okyh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, jkxksa esa
ck.kh dh jpuk] i

lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
lkfgc ekuork dh loZ lka>kh vk?;kfRed fuf/k dh fojklr gSA ;g leLr Kku
/kkfeZd xazFkksa esa lcls vf/kd lEekfur xazFk gSA fl[kksa esa bldh inoh blkbZ;ksa ds
fy, ckbZcy ls dgha Åph gSA vkfn xzaFk fl[kksa dk xq: gS rFkk lHkh /keksZa dh gksus
okyh xksf"B;ksa esa bldh vkokt lkjs lalkj ds fy, fu'p; gh ykHknk;d gksxhA**
çfl) fo}ku Mk- xzhu yht fy[krs gSa ^^xq: xzaFk lkfgc fu'p; gh lalkj Hkj ds
lkfgR; esa dkO; dFkk ds i{k esa mRd`"V jpuk gSA xq: xzaFk lkfgc Hkkjrh; n'kZu o
vk/;kEe dk rRo Kku gS ij bls ladh.kZ lkEçnkf;d vFkksZa esa fgUnh fQykLQh dk
fupksM+ dguk mfpr ugha vfirq bls rks ekuo fopkj/kkjk dguk leqfpr gSA tSls
tSls eSa xq: xzaFk lkfgc dk v/;~;u djrk x;k oSls oSls xq:ck.kh esjs eu dks
çsetky esa tdM+rh xbZA** çfl) nk'kZfud eSdkyQ us dgk ^^xq: xzaFk lkfgc gh
,slk xzaFk gS ftlesa xq:vksa dh ck.kh vius }kjk fyf[kr ,oa ,df=r dh xbZ gSA vjc
ds iSxEcj eksgEen lkfgc us dqjku dh vk;rksa dks viuh dye ls ugha fy[kkA blkbZ
er ds bZlk elhg us Hkh vius f'k";ksa dks viuh dksbZ jpuk fyf[kr ugha nhA cq) er
ds egkRek xkSre cq) us Hkh vius vkn'kksZa dks fyf[kr :i esa ugha NksM+k ijUrq fl[k
xq:vksa us viuh ck.kh Lo;a }kjk mPpkfjr ,oa fyfic) dh gSA**
çfl) blkbZ fe'kujh fel pkjyV us dgk ^^tgk¡ rd eSaus xq: xzaFk lkfgc
dk v/;~;u fd;k gS] eSaus eglwl fd;k gS fd ;g ,d cM+k fofp= xazFk gS rFkk blesa
gSjku dj nsus okyh fueZyrk vkSj vkfRed lR; gSA vxj ^gfj* 'kCn ds LFkku ij
^;wlw* elhg dk uke fy[kk gksrk rks ;g çkphu blkbZ _f"k;ksa rFkk rifLo;ksa dh
jpuk çrhr gksrhA xq: xzaFk lkfgc vkfRed 'kkafr ,oa r`fIr iw.kZ xaFk gS vkSj eq>s 'keZ
vkrh gS fd eSa bu fl[kksa ls vkfRed ifjiDork esa cgqr ihNs gawA** vNwr vkSj fiNMksa
ds elhgk rFkk izfl) dkuwunku Mk- vEcsMdj us dgk ^^vNwr vkSj fiNM+s oxZ ds
yksxksa dks ftruh vkfRed 'kkafr vkSj lkekftd r`fIr xqjck.kh dj ldrh gS vkSj
vU; fdlh Hkh er dk dksbZ xzUFk ugha dj ldrkA xkLiy vkQ xq: xzaFk esa Mkxzahuyht
us fy[kk ^ifo=rk vkSj :gkuh;r esa nqfu;ka ds /keksZa ls mapk eqdke gSA ;g
fdlh dk cnyrk :i ughaA xq: xzaFk lkfgc dk :rck pksVh dk gSA ;g ckr ;dhuu
dgh tk ldrh gS fd ck.kh vkdk'k vkSj g`n~; ds vkarfjd çdk'k ls mRiUu gqbZ gSA
;g fdlh ds iuk pkfg,A ;g
lHkh nwljs /kekZs }kjk fn;s x;s fl)kUrksa dks
lekIr dj nsrk gSA nwljs xzaFk dsoy lR; dk
o.kZu djrs gaS ijUrq Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc lEiw.kZ
lR; dk o.kZu djrs gSaA xq: xzaFk lkfgc fo'o
ds ,dek= xazFk gSa] tks crkrs gSa fd bl Hkwe.My
vDrwcj 2006
38

lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
ds vfrfjDr vU; Hkwe.My Hkh gSaA igys ds xzaFk ;gh crkrs Fks fd dsoy ;gh ,d
lalkj gS] nwljk ughaA Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc th vkt ds euq"; dh leL;kvksa dk
lPpk lek/kku gSA fgUnh ds vkpk;Z Jh gtkjh çlkn f}osnh dk dFku gS ^^Jh xq:
xzaFk lkfgc th leLr ekuork ds fy, ,d fnO; lans'k gSA Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc th ds
ladyudrkZ xq: vtqZu nso th egkjkt us ckf.k;ksa dk laxzg djrs gq, fdlh fof'k"V
Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx u dj] bUgsa Hkk"kkokn ls mij j[kk gSA** Mk- jks'kuyky th us dgk
^^Jh xq: xzaFk lkfgc dk ftruk vknj fd;k tk, mruk de gSA blesa dkO; 'kL=
ds vewY; tokgjkr gSaA Hkkjrh; jgL;okn ds mPp Lrjh; mnkgj.k blesa ls fey
ldrs gSaA Hkk"kk foKku laca/kh [kkst dk ,d fo'kky [ktkuk gSA laxhr dyk dh
'kkL=h; fo/kk;sa blesa fo|eku gSaA lnkpkj rFkk ekuork ds æksfg;ksa dks æksgh dgus
dh {kerk gS] rkdr gS rFkk fuMjrk gSA ;g ,sls 'khry rFkk ehBs ty dk >juk gS
tks ges'kk cgrk gh jgrk gS rFkk ftlds lsou ls gtkjksa nq[kh vkRekvksa dks 'kkafr
vkSj 'kfDr feyrh jgrh gSA ftlds vkxs eLrd >qdkus ls vkfRed çlUurk rFkk
ftlds lquus ls vkfRed 'kkafr çkIr gksrh gSA ,sls vf}rh;] egku vkSj Js"B xazFk dk
lEeku djuk gekjk lH;kpkjd] lkfgfR;d o ukxfjd /keZ gSA** vaxzst fo}ku
eSDl vkFkZj eSdkfyd dk dFku gS ^^Jh xq: xksfcaUn fla?k th dk /keZ nwljs /keksZ ls
cgqr fHkUu gS] fo'o ds cM+s cM+s fo}kuksa us tks fy[kk vkSj dgk gS mlesa mudk viuk
^thr*
çks-jhrk jkuh
n'kgjk vkrk gS lky esa ,d ckj]
fnykrk gS ;kn] cqjkbZ ij HkykbZ dh fot; dks]
jke ds gkFkksa D;ksa ugha ejrk jko.k nks ckj]
D;ksa ejrk gS lky esa ,d ckjA
dHkh lkspk geusa] vius ihNs fNis jko.k dks]
tks gj fnu iSnk gksrk gSA
D;ksa ugha ekjrs ge mls ckj&ckjA
ckrsa djrs gks jko.k dks ekjus dhA
ekjuk gS rks [kqn ds voxq.kksa dks ekjksA
ladh.kZ ik[k.M+h Lo:i dks ekjks tks
djrk gS fnu Hkj fdlh dk uqdlkuA
igys vius dks lq/kkjks] bu ladh.kZ
fopkjksa dks NksM+ks] ladh.kZ Lo:i dks NksM+ksA
rHkh lkFkZd gksxk rqEgkjk thou] rHkh fot;
gksxh cqjkbZ ij thr dhA
rHkh n'kgjk vkrk gS lky esa ,d ckj
D;ksafd jko.k us nq"deZ fd;k Fkk]
thou esa ,d ckjA
rHkh fot; ikbZ Fkh jke us jko.k dks ekjdjA
rHkh n'kgjk vkrk gS lky esa ,d ckj
fnykrk gS ;kn cqjkbZ ij HkykbZ dh fot; dhA
th- ,p- th- [kkylk dkfyt] xq:lj lq/kkj ¼yqf/k;kuk½
dqN Hkh ugha gS] mUgksaus ijEijk ls pyh vk jgh
lwfDr;ksa dks dsoy nksgjk;k gSA bl lqdjkr ds
fopkjksa dks ysVks rFkk tsufQu dh jpukvksa ds
ek/;e ls gh tkurs gSaA cq) us vius mins'kksa dks
fyf[kr :i esa ugha fn;k gSA daqxQwtw
ftls;ksjksih; dkuQhf'k;l ds uke ls tkurs
gSa] us Hkh ,slk dksbZ xzUFk ugha fy[kk gS ftlesa
mlus vius uSfrd vkSj lkekftd fopkjksa dks
O;Dr fd;k gSA bZlkbZ /keZ ds tUenkrk us vius
fopkjksa dks fyf[kr :i esa ugha fn;k gSA gesa
muds fo"k; esa eSF;wefdY;wd vkSj tku ds fy[ks
x, xzUFkksa ds ekè;e ls ekywe gksrk gSA vjc ds
elhgk us Hkh dqjku dks fy[kdj is'k ugha
fd;kA mUgsa muds leFkZdksa us gh fy[kk ijUrq
fl[k /keZ ,d vdsyk /keZ gS ftlds xq:vksa dh
jpuk,a mUgksaus Lo;a laHkkydj j[kh rFkk Jh
xq: xzUFk lkfgc ds :i esa ladfyr fd;kA bl
rjg dk ekSfyd /keZ vkSj foLr`r uSfrd ç.kkyh
dgha nwljh txg ns[kus dks ugha feyrhA** Mkeueksgu
lgxy th us xq: xzUFk lkfgc ij
vius fopkj bl rjg O;fDr fd;s gSa ^^;|fi
Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc th dk fuekZ.k yxHkx 400
o"kZ iwoZ gqvk gS ijUrq fQj Hkh orZeku thou dh
çp.M leL;kvksa dk lqpk: lek/kku rFkk
Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk vkn'kZ Lo:i blesa
n`f"Veku gSaA blfy, Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc dks
HkkokRed ,drk ijLij çse rFkk ekuork dk
çpkjd xzUFk ekurs gSaA :f

lkMk fojlk lkMk xkSjo
ek
L=h ds izfr
xqjefr nqf"Vhdks.k
uork ds nks vax gSA L=h vkSj iq:"k A iq:"k vkSj L=h thou :ih xkM+h ds
nks ifg, gSa A thou :ih xkM+h dks Bhd jQrkj ls pykus ds fy, nksuks ifg;ksa dk
lgh lyker vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh gksuk vfuok;Z gS A
l`f"V ds vkjEHk ls gh ukjh dh n'kk vR;Ur n;uh; jgh gS A xq: ukud nso
th ds izxV gksus ls igys L=h dks 'kqn ls Hkh cqjk le>k tkrk Fkk A mls iwtk ikB
djus dh Hkh vuqefr ugha Fkh A oSfnd lkfgR; ds v/?k;u ls irk pyrk gS fd vxj
dksbZ L=h osnksa ds 'yksd lqu ysrh Fkh] rks mlds dkuksa esa fi?kyk gqvk dkap Mky nsrs
Fks A L=h dks lc nq%[kkas dh tM+ vkSj udZ dk }kj dgk tkrk Fkk A mldh gkyr i'kq
ls Hkh cÌ+rj Fkh A enZ iz/kku lekt esa L=h dks Hkksx foykl dh oLrq le>k tkrk
FkkA
egkHkkjr vkSj jkek;.k dky esa Hkh L=h dh n'kk vPNh ugha Fkh A L=h iq:"k
ds fy, dsoy f[kykSuk ek= Fkh A tc ikaMo nzksirh dks tq,s esa gkj tkrs gSa rks dkSjo
Hkjh lHkk esa nzksinh dks viekfur djrs gaSA jke pfjr ekul ds jpkZ;rk rqylhnkl
th us rks ukjh dk vfr uhp dgk gS A rqylhnkl th dk dFku gS %&
q u dks, AA
ukud HkaMs ckgjk ,dks lpk lks, AA
xq: ukud nso th us L=h dks lekt esa
Å¡pk LFkku fnyk;k A flD[k /keZ esa L=h dks tks
lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj /kkfeZd LorU=k
izkIr gS] og vUg fdlh Hkh /keZ esa ugha gSA xqjefr
esa L=h dks uke fleju lRlax djuk xq: ?kj
dh lsok djuh vkfn fdlh Hkh rjg dh dksbZ
ikcanh ugha gS A xq: vejnkl th us Hkh L=h ds
loZi{kh fodkl ds fy, ?kw¡?kV dk fojks/k fd;k
vkSj mls [kRe djus dk gqDe fn;k A ml le;
fdlh Hkh L=h dks laxr esa ?kw¡?kV fudky dj
vkus dh vkKk ugha Fkh A mUgksus fo|ok fookg
dk Hkh leZFku fd;kA xq: th us ih