proposed integrated complex for delhi judicial academy

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) Study for Proposed Integrated Complex for Delhi Judicial Academy, 

National Law School, and National Institute for Mediation & Conciliation at Dwarka, New Delhi 

RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (REIA) 

(MAIN REPORT) 

for 

PROPOSED INTEGRATED COMPLEX FOR DELHI JUDICIAL 

ACADEMY, NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL, AND NATIONAL INSTITUTE 

FOR MEDIATION & CONCILIATION 

AT DWARKA, NEW DELHI 

JUNE 2006 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Foreword 

The Study Team 

List of Tables………………………………………………………………….. vi 

List of Figures…………………………………………………………………. viii 

List of Annexures……………………………………………………………… x 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………….... xi 

1. Introduction………………………………………………… 1-12 

1.1 Project Overview…………………………………………………………... 1 

1.2 Project Site Location………………………………………………………. 2 

1.3 Project Site and Surroundings Description………………………………... 2 

1.4 Current Land Use and Ownership………………………………………… 5 

1.5 Objectives of the REIA Study…………………………………………….. 5 

1.6 Stages in the REIA Study…………………………………………………. 6 

1.7 Report Organization and Structure………………………………………... 7 

1.8 Project Proponent Name and Contact……………………………………... 9 

1.9 Permits and Approvals…………………………………………………….. 9 

2. Environmental Regulatory Context 13-23 

2.1 Indian Environmental Legislations………………………………………... 13 

2.2 Major Provisions in Indian Environmental Legislations………………….. 14 

2.3 Applicable Environmental Standards……………………………………... 19 

2.4 Environmental Clearance Requirements…………………………………... 20 

2.5 Applicable State Level Legislations……………………………………….. 22 

3. Project Description…………………………………………… 24-47 

3.1 Major Project Components and Requirements…………………………….. 24 

3.1.1 Project Layout and Development Concept………………………………... 24 

3.1.2 Land Use and Area Statement………………………………………………. 26 

3.1.3 Water Requirements and Supply……………………………………………. 30 

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3.1.4 Power Requirements and Supply…………………………………………… 30 

3.1.5 Back Up Power Supply System……………………………………………… 30 

3.1.6 Fuel Requirements……………………………………………………………. 31 

3.1.7 Water Storage Tanks and Pump Room…………………………………….. 31 

3.1.8 Sewage Collection, Treatment and Disposal System…………………….. 32 

3.1.9 Storm Water Drainage System……………………………………………… 33 

3.1.10 Internal Road Network and Vehicle Parking……………………………... 33 

3.1.11 Air Conditioning System…………………………………………………….. 34 

3.1.12 Fire Fighting System…………………………………………………………. 35 

3.1.13 Solar Water Heating System………………………………………………… 36 

3.2 Project Activities…………………………………………………………... 36 

3.2.1 Construction Phase…………………………………………………………... 36 

3.2.2 Operation Phase……………………………………………………………… 37 

3.3 Water Balance Statement………………………………………………….. 37 

3.4 Building Design Features on Seismic Load……………………………….. 41 

3.5 Resource and Construction Material Requirements………………………. 41 

3.6 Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Wastes Generation……………………………. 42 

3.7 Construction Plan and Timetable………………………………………….. 43 

3.8 Construction Workforce Requirements…………………………………… 43 

3.9 Project Cost………………………………………………………………... 44 

3.10 Project Site Layout Plan and Model Photographs………………………… 44 

4. Description of the Existing Environment…………………. 48-100 

4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………... 48 

4.2 Physiography……………………………………………………………… 48 

4.3 Climate…………………………………………………………………….. 51 

4.4 Micro-meteorological Characteristics……………………………………... 52 

4.5 Air Environment…………………………………………………………... 54 

4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Scenario in Delhi……………………………………. 54 

4.5.2 Ambient Air Quality Survey…………………………………………………. 62 

4.5.3 Analysis of Baseline Concentrations………………………………………. 63 

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4.6 Noise Environment………………………………………………………... 68 

4.7 Water Environment………………………………………………………... 71 

4.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology…………………………………………………… 71 

4.7.2 Drainage Pattern……………………………………………………………... 76 

4.7.3 Ground Water Quality……………………………………………………….. 76 

4.8 Land Environment………………………………………………………… 80 

4.8.1 Seismic Stability………………………………………………………………. 80 

4.8.2 Geology………………………………………………………………………… 80 

4.8.3 Land Use Pattern……………………………………………………………... 81 

4.8.4 Soil Quality…………………………………………………………………… 84 

4.9 Biological Environment…………………………………………………… 87 

4.9.1 Vegetation Pattern……………………………………………………………. 87 

4.9.2 Fauna…………………………………………………………………………... 88 

4.10 Socio-Economic Environment…………………………………………….. 91 

4.10.1 Demographic Structure of the Study Area………………………………… 92 

4.10.2 Physical Infrastructure Resource Base……………………………………. 93 

4.10.3 Education……………………………………………………………………… 95 

4.10.4 Health………………………………………………………………………….. 95 

4.10.5 Economic Aspects…………………………………………………………….. 95 

4.10.6 Cultural Heritage…………………………………………………………….. 96 

4.10.7 Aesthetic Aspects……………………………………………………………… 96 

4.10.8 Communications and Transportation……………………………………… 96 

5. Anticipated Environmental Impacts……………………….. 101-120 

5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………... 101 

5.2 Impacts on Ambient Air Environment…………………………………….. 102 

5.2.1 Impacts During Construction……………………………………………….. 103 

5.2.2 Impacts During Operation…………………………………………………… 103 

5.3 Impacts on Ambient Noise Environment………………………………….. 104 

5.4 Impacts on Water Environment……………………………………………. 108 

5.4.1 Impacts on Ground Water……………………………….…………………… 108 

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5.4.2 Impacts on Piped Water Supply…………………………………………….. 109 

5.4.3 Impacts Due to Wastewater Generation…………………………………… 110 

5.5 Impacts on Land Environment…………………………………………….. 112 

5.5.1 Impacts on Land Use…………………………………………………………. 112 

5.5.2 Impacts on Soil………………………………………………………………… 113 

5.5.3 Construction Wastes………………………………………………………….. 114 

5.5.4 Solid Wastes Generation and Disposal…………………………………….. 114 

5.6 Impacts on Socio – Economic Environment………………………………. 115 

5.6.1 Hazards to Construction Workers and the Local Population…………… 115 

5.6.2 Housing and Transportation of Construction Workers………………….. 115 

5.6.3 Socio – cultural Impacts……………………………………………………… 116 

5.6.4 Impacts on Physical Infrastructure…………………………………………. 116 

5.6.5 Employment Opportunities…………………………………………………... 116 

5.7 Renewable Resources……………………………………………………… 117 

5.8 Potential Environmental Impacts Matrix…………………………………... 118 

6. Environmental Impact Statement………………………….. 121-125 

6.1 Air Environment…………………………………………………………… 121 

6.2 Noise Environment………………………………………………………… 122 

6.3 Water Environment………………………………………………………... 122 

6.4 Land Environment…………………………………………………………. 123 

6.5 Socio-Economic Environment……………………………………………... 124 

7. Environmental Management Plan………………………….. 126-140 

7.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………... 126 

7.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction…………………………………. 127 

7.2.1 Air Quality and Dust………………………………………………………….. 127 

7.2.2 Noise……………………………………………………………………………. 127 

7.2.3 Land Environment…………………………………………………………….. 128 

7.2.4 Hazards to Construction Workers and the Local Population…………… 128 

7.2.5 Ground Water Quality and Quantity……………………………………….. 128 

7.2.6 Housing and Transportation of Construction Workers………………….. 129 

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7.2.7 Traffic Pattern…………………………………………………………………. 129 

7.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation……………………………………. 129 

7.3.1 Air Quality……………………………………………………………………... 129 

7.3.2 Noise……………………………………………………………………………. 129 

7.3.3 Land Environment…………………………………………………………….. 130 

7.3.4 Ground Water Quality and Quantity……………………………………….. 130 

7.3.5 Infrastructure………………………………………………………………….. 130 

7.3.6 Traffic Pattern…………………………………………………………………. 130 

7.4 Human Health and Safety Management Plan……………………………… 131 

7.5 Fire Safety and Protection…………………………………………………. 132 

7.6 Rainwater Harvesting Plan………………………………………………… 133 

7.7 Landscaping and Green Belt Development Plan…………………………... 135 

7.8 Vehicle Parking and Management Plan…………………………………… 136 

7.9 Energy Conservation Plan…………………………………………………. 139 

8. Environmental Monitoring Plan……………………………. 141-142 

8.1 Ambient Air Quality………………………………………………………. 141 

8.2 Ambient Noise Quality……………………………………………………. 141 

8.3 Ground Water Quality…………………………………………………….. 142 

8.4 Wastewater Quality………………………………………………………... 142 

9. Cost Estimates………………………………………………… 143 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 3.1 Details of Proposed Built up Area of Academic Complex.…………... 27 

Table 3.2 Details of Proposed Built up Area of Residential Buildings…………. 28 

Table 3.3 Proposed Land Use for the Integrated Complex……………………… 29 

Table 3.4 Estimated Quantities of Construction Materials……………………… 42 

Table 3.5 Proposed Integrated Judicial Complex Construction Schedule………. 43 

Table 4.1 Summary of Data Collection from Various Sources…………………. 50 

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Table 4.2 Emission Factors for Different Vehicles……………………………... 57 

Table 4.3 Emission Factors Comparison………………………………………... 57 

Table 4.4 Sampling Locations for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring…………… 65 

Table 4.5 Ambient Air Quality Results (March – May 2006)…………………... 66 

Table 4.6 Statistical Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Results…………………. 67 

Table 4.7 Equivalent Noise Levels in the Study Area (Core Zone)…………….. 70 

Table 4.8 Sampling Locations for Ground Water Quality Monitoring……......... 78 

Table 4.9 Ground Water Quality Results………………………………………... 79 

Table 4.10 Locations for Collection of Soil Samples…………………………….. 85 

Table 4.11 Chemical Characteristics of Soil in Study Area……………………… 86 

Table 4.12 Relationship of CEC with Productivity………………………………. 86 

Table 4.13 Relationship of CEC with Absorptivity………………………………. 86 

Table 4.14 Fertility Status of Soil………………………………………………… 87 

Table 4.15 List of Tree Species in the Study Area……………………………….. 89 

Table 4.16 List of Faunal Species in the Study Area……………………………... 90 

Table 4.17 Demographic Structure of the Study Area……………………………. 92 

Table 5.1 

Increase in Noise Levels due to Operation of Various Construction 

Equipments…………………………………………………………… 105 

Table 5.2 Transmission Loss for Common Construction Materials…………….. 107 

Table 5.3 Expected Characteristics of Untreated Wastewater…………………... 111 

Table 5.4 Expected Characteristics of Treated Wastewater…………………….. 112 

Table 5.5 Potential Environmental Impact Matrix……………………………… 120 

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LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1.1 Location Map of the Project Area...………………………………… 11 

Figure 1.2 Key Plan Map of the Proposed Site………………………………… 12 

Figure 3.0 Water Balance………………………………………………………. 40 

Figure 3.1 Proposed Project Site Layout Plan………………………………….. 45 

Figure 3.2 Model Photograph I………………………………………………… 46 

Figure 3.3 Model Photograph II………………………………………………... 47 

Figure 4.1 Physiographic Regions Map of Delhi……………………………… 49 

Figure 4.2 Windrose Diagram………………………………………………….. 53 

Figure 4.3 SO2 Source in Ambient Air………………………………………… 58 

Figure 4.4 NOx Sources in Ambient Air……………………………………….. 60 

Figure 4.5 SPM Sources in Ambient Air………………………………………. 61 

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Figure 4.6 Thickness of Alluvium Map………………………………………... 73 

Figure 4.7 Decline in Water Table Levels Map of Delhi……………………… 74 

Figure 4.8 Ground water Salinity Map…………………………………………. 75 

Figure 4.9 Sewerage And Drainage Zones Map of Delhi……………………… 77 

Figure 4.10 Seismic Zoning Map of India………………………………………. 80 

Figure 4.11 Geological Map of NCT Delhi……………………………………... 82 

Figure 4.12 Land Use Distribution Map of Dwarka…………………………….. 83 

Figure 4.13 Piped Water Supply Distribution Map of Delhi……………………. 97 

Figure 4.14 Water Treatment Plants in Delhi (Existing and Proposed)…………. 98 

Figure 4.15 Municipal Waste Disposal Sites Locations in Delhi………………... 99 

Figure 4.16 Location Map of Heritage Sites and Environmental Sensitive Sites.. 100 

Figure 5.1 Noise Level due to Operation of Various Construction Equipments. 106 

Figure 7.1 Cross Section of Rainwater Harvesting Recharging Pit……………. 134 

Figure 7.2 Layout Plan Showing Rain Water Harvesting……………………… 137 

Figure 7.3 Layout Plan Showing Landscape and Green Belt Development…… 138 

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LIST OF ANNEXURES 

Annexure 1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards…………………………… 144 

Annexure 2 Ambient Air Quality Standards In Respect of Noise……………….. 145 

Annexure 3 Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure……………………….. 146 

Annexure 4 Wastewater Discharge Standards…………………………………… 147 

Annexure 5 

Standards / Guidelines for Control of Noise Pollution from 

Stationary Diesel Generator (DG) Sets……………………………... 148 

Annexure 6 Drinking Water Standards and Probable Effects on Human Health... 151 

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1. INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Project Overview 

An integrated complex for Delhi Judicial Academy, National Law School, and National Institute of 

mediation and conciliation is proposed to be established in Delhi on a land measuring about 

49352.00 sq. meters (12.195 acres). This land has been allotted by the Delhi Development 

Authority (DDA) in Sector – 14, Dwarka, Phase – II, Delhi. All these three teaching components of 

the complex will function as independent institutions and will be integrated as a unified complex. 

In addition to the training programmes of the Judicial Academy and the Institute of Mediation and 

Conciliation, the National Law School will offer five years degree course in Law. All these 

Institutions shall share certain common facilities in the campus, while maintaining their identities 

and independent functioning. 

As there is requirement of substantial residential accommodation for the National Law School as 

well as for the Delhi Judicial Academy, the Ministry of Urban Development after the 

recommendation by DDA has issued a gazette notification to bifurcate the site with different land 

uses, namely Institutional and Residential. 

The academic complex encompasses about 26172.00 sq. meters (6.467 acres) i.e. 53.03% of the 

total plot area. The proposed covered area on ground floor is 6156.381 sq. meters (23.52%) against 

the permissible ground coverage of 6543.00 sq. meters (25%) and with total built up area of 

34,223.275 sq. meters (including basement). FAR achieved have been 97.89 against the permissible 

FAR of 100. 

The plot area under residential complex is about 23180.00 sq. meters (5.728 acres) i.e. 46.97% of 

the total plot area. The proposed covered area on ground floor is 6210.206 sq. meters (26.79%) 

against the permissible ground coverage of 7725.894 sq. meters (33.33%) and with total built up 

area of 33,959.864 sq. meters (including basement). FAR achieved have been 125.046 against the 

permissible FAR of 133. 

In order to assess the potential environmental impacts arising out due to the construction and 

operation of the proposed project activities and to comply with the statutory requirements of the 

Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the 

project proponent retained M/s AET Infrastructure Environmental Services, New Delhi to 

undertake Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) study for the proposed project. As per 

the notification issued by Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi dated 7th July, 2004, the 

Central Government has made the amendment in the notification number S.0.60 (E) dated the 27th 

January 1994 and included the following categories (i) New Construction Projects (ii) New 

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industrial estates under S.No 31 and 32 into the list of projects listed in Schedule -I which requires 

environmental clearance from Central Government. 

1.2 Project Site Location 

Delhi is situated in the northern part of the country and lies between latitudes 28° 24’ 17” and 28° 

53’ 00” North and longitudes of 76° 50’ 24” and 77° 20’ 37” East. It shares its boundary with the 

States of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Delhi has a geographical area of 1,483 sq. km. and population 

of 13,850,507 as per 2001 census records. Its maximum length is 51.90 km. and greatest width is 

48.48 km. Delhi has a population density of about 9340 persons per sq. km. 

The proposed project site is located at Sector -14, Dwarka, Phase II in South West District of Delhi. 

The location map of the project area is given in the Figure 1.1. 

Figure 1.2 shows the key map of the proposed project site. 

1.3 Project Site and Surroundings Description 

The proposed project site is surrounded by a network of roads on 3 sides, whereas on the Northern 

periphery a Master Plan green belt is proposed. 

The shape of the plot is an irregular one and the terrain is quite flat without any undulations. There 

are no existing natural features which may affect the planning process. A well exists in the middle 

of the plot and attempt would be made to retain the same for rainwater harvesting. 

Southern Side: 45 m wide road runs along in front of the southern side of the plot. Across the road, 

a vacant plot has been earmarked for the proposed General hospital. Further away from this vacant 

land, residential apartment exists. The terrain is almost flat. 

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Western Side: On the western side, 60 m wide double road exists. High tension electric cables go 

along the road. About 500 meters away from the proposed project’s plot boundary, residential 

apartments exists. Surface storm water drain crosses this road a little further down. 

Northern Side: On the northern periphery, a Master Plan green belt is proposed. Across this patch 

of land, other vacant lands meant for institutional purposes are there. Within 1 km radius of the 

proposed plot site, 220 /66 KV Grid sub station is there, which will serve as the source of power 

supply to the proposed complex. 

Eastern Side: On the eastern side, 30 m wide road exists which goes towards the metro station. 

Across the road, Intellectual Building Complex exists. Adjacent to this building, DDA park exists. 

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1.4 Current Land Use and Ownership 

The proposed project site lies in the Public / Semi-public land use category of the project area and 

is a part of the sub city. The adjoining lands to the project site are essentially institutional. Within 1 

Km radius of the proposed project site, many residential apartments also exist. As there is 

requirement of substantial residential accommodation for the National Law School as well as for 

the Delhi Judicial Academy, the Ministry of Urban Development after the recommendation by 

DDA has issued a gazette notification to bifurcate the project site with different land uses, namely 

Institutional and Residential. No agricultural and industrial areas exist within the core zone of the 

proposed project site. The proposed project site is designated for the intended purpose and the 

necessary change in the land use of the plot area measuring 23,180 sq. meters (5.72 acres) has 

already been effected by converting it to land use for residential use from land use for Government 

use in MPD-2001. 

1.5 Objectives of the REIA Study 

The purpose of Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) is to assist in the decision making 

process and to ensure that the project under consideration are environmentally sound and 

sustainable. REIA identifies the ways of improving project environmentally by preventing, 

minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse impacts. 

Urban development projects including housing and office complexes do have the potential in 

altering environmental resources of any urban area. They cause stress on local environmental assets 

of the urban area and could become the potential source for limiting the growth of the city. 

Unplanned construction and operation of such projects usually result in impacts on various facets of 

environment. 

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Keeping above issues under considerations, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is 

conducted which incorporates into development and planning process, a plan for environmental 

protection and conservation. The procedure identifies the possible positive and negative impacts on 

the environment likely to emanate as a result of construction and operation of a project. The EIA 

thus, provides for a plan which, upon implementation, will reduce or offset the negative impacts of 

a project resulting in a minimum level of environmental degradation. This minimization may be a 

result of implementation of a project modifications or environmental protection measures which 

simply reduces the severity or number or magnitude of negative impacts. The plan may also result 

in utilization of positive impacts for enhancement measures which offset negative impacts. 

To measure the level of plan implementation and the degree of effectiveness of the above 

environmental protection provisions, the EIA provides a monitoring programme. This programme 

is so designed that it identifies the parameters of uncertainty and measures the related impacts. 

It is necessary that there is close integration of EIA with various aspects of a project including 

financial and engineering aspects which ensures environmental consideration are given due weight 

in project selection, siting design and operation. 

Analysis of past experiences indicate that it is necessary to examine a number of problem areas in 

order to ensure that environmental concerns can be effectively integrated in the development 

process. Similar approach has been adopted while conducting the REIA study for the proposed 

integrated Judicial Academy complex. 

1.6 Stages in the REIA Study 

The purpose of this section is to enumerate the methodology for Rapid Environmental Impact 

Assessment (REIA) which has been followed for this study. Any activity involving construction 

and operation is expected to cause impacts on surrounding environment. The impacts may be 

adverse or beneficial, short term or long term, and reversible or irreversible. In order to assess the 

significance of impacts, various steps that are used in conducting an REIA within core and buffer 

zone around the proposed project construction site are divided into the following phases: 

• Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the existing status within 

the impact zone with respect to air, water, noise, land, biological, and socioeconomic 

components of environment. 

• Study of various activities of the proposed project components to identify the areas leading to 

impact/change in environmental quality. 

15



• Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to the activities 

envisaged during pre-construction, construction, and operational phases of the proposed project. 

• Prediction of significant impacts on the major environmental components using qualitative / 

quantitative techniques. 

• Preparation of environmental impact statement based on the identification, prediction and 

evaluation of impacts. 

• Delineation of environmental management plan (EMP) outlining preventive and curative 

strategies for minimizing adverse impacts during pre-construction, construction and operational 

phases of the proposed project. 

• Formulation of environment quality monitoring programme for construction and operational 

phases to be pursued by the project proponent. 

1.7 Report Organization and Structure 

The contents of the present study are arranged as follows: 

Section 1: This section gives an overview of the project, site location and the current land use 

pattern of the project area. The objectives and need for REIA study too have been covered as a part 

of this section. 

Section 2: This section gives the brief review of the policies and the Environmental legislations at 

the National and State level to understand the legal requirements and implications of the proposed 

project interventions. 

Section 3: A brief write-up on various project appurtenances, construction schedule and related 

aspects have been covered in this section. 

Section 4: Baseline environmental conditions including physical, biological and socio-economic 

parameters, resource base and infrastructure have been described in this section. Before the start of 

the project, it is essential to ascertain the baseline conditions of appropriate environmental 

parameters which could be significantly affected by the implementation of the project. The baseline 

setting has been described for parameters most relevant to the type of proposed project. The 

baseline study involved both field work and review of existing information, which were available 

through different agencies / organizations. 

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Section 5: Anticipated positive and negative impacts as a result of the construction and operation of 

the proposed project are covered as a part of this section. The section attempts to forecast the future 

environmental conditions of the project area that might be expected to occur as a result of the 

construction and operation of the proposed project. 

Section 6: This section gives the environmental impact statement based on the identification, 

prediction and evaluation of impacts. 

Section 7: Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for amelioration of anticipated adverse impacts 

likely to accrue as a result of the proposed project is outlined in this section. The approach for 

formulation of an EMP was to maximize the positive environmental impacts and minimize the 

negative ones. 

Section 8: Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation during project construction 

and operation phases has also been delineated in this section. The objective of environmental 

monitoring programme is to assess the adequacy of various environmental safeguards and to 

compare the predicted and actual scenario during construction and operation phases. This enables 

suggestion of remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage but arising during these 

phases. 

Section 9: The estimated cost for implementation of suggested environmental management 

measures. 

1.8 Project Proponent Name and Contact 

The name and contact of the project proponent and architects are: 

Project Proponent 

Government of National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, 

(Through Executive Engineer) 

PWD Division, Zone - I 

New Delhi 

Architects 

Behal Joshi and Associates 

(Architects and Interior Designers) 

P – 9, Hauz Khas Enclave, 

New Delhi – 110016 

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1.9 Permits and Approvals 

Various permits and approvals already obtained for the proposed project are: 

• The proposed project has been approved by the Delhi Urban Arts Commission (DUAC) at 

conceptual stage. 

• The Ministry of Urban Development has issued a gazette notification to bifurcate the project 

site with different land uses, namely Institutional and Residential. 

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PROJECT AREA 

Figure 1.1: Location Map of the Project Area 

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Figure 1.2: Key Plan Map of the Proposed Project Site 

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2. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY CONTEXT 

This section reviews the policies and the Environment legislations at the National and State level to 

understand the legal requirements and implications on the proposed project. All activities under the 

proposed project must be consistent with all applicable laws, regulations, notifications, and 

standards. It is the responsibility of the project Implementing Agency to ensure that project 

activities are consistent with the regulatory/legal framework, whether national, state or 

municipal/local. 

2.1 Indian Environmental Legislations 

The Constitution of India directs the State to endeavor to protect and improve the environment and 

to safeguard the forest and wildlife of the country. Article 51(g) of the constitution states that it 

shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the national environment including 

forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. The language of the 

Directive principles of the state policy (Article 47) also contains a specific provision, which 

commits the state to protect the environment. 

In addition to Constitutional provisions, India has established a comprehensive set of laws for the 

management and protection of the environment. The Acts, Notifications, Rules and Amendments 

applicable to any type of development projects include the following: 

• The Environment (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986 

• The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 1994 and amendments for 

Environmental Clearance 

• Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Rules and Amendment, 1981, 1982, 1983, 

1987 

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and Rules, 1974, 1975 

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act and Rules, 1977, 1978, 1991 

• The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 

• The Environmental Standards Notification, 1993, 1996 

• The Hazardous Waste Management and Handling Rules, 1989 and amendment rules 2000 

• The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000, 2002 

• The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 

• The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 

21



Note: 

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has stipulated general discharge standards for 

water effluents, and general emission standards for air and noise emissions. These standards limit 

the concentration and volumes of the effluents and emissions released to the atmosphere. The 

respective State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) could make these standards more stringent 

based on the environmental sensitivity of a specific location. 

The project proponents are required to take Consents (for both air and water) and No Objection 

Certificates (NOCs) from the relevant SPCBs before initiating any activity. 

In addition to the above, the Central Pollution Control board (CPCB) has also specified National 

Ambient Air Quality and Noise Standards for residential, commercial, industrial and sensitive 

zones for the country as a whole. 

2.2 Major Provisions in Indian Environmental Legislations 

2.2.1 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 including Rules 1986 

This Act is an umbrella legislation that provides a single focus for the protection of the 

environment. The potential scope of the Act is broad, with “environment” defined to include water, 

air and land and the inter-relationships which exist among water, air and land, and human beings 

and other living creatures, plants, micro-organisms and property. 

The Act has been enacted to provide for the protection and improvement of environment by 

preparation of manuals, codes or guides relating to prevention, control and abatement of 

environment pollution. 

The Act provides powers to the Central Government to take necessary measures for the purpose of 

protecting and improving the quality of the environment and prevention, control and abatement of 

environmental pollution. It lays down standards for the quality of the environment, emissions or 

discharges of environmental pollutants from various sources. It provides restriction on discharge or 

emission of pollutants in excess of the prescribed standards. Environmental Impact Assessment 

Notification, 1994 and the various amendments pertaining to this notification form a part of the 

regulations under this legislation. 

2.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 1994 and 

Amendments 

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As per the EIA notification, 1994 and subsequent amendments, new or expansion or modernisation 

of any activity falling in the 32 categories of activities shall not be undertaken in any part of India 

unless it has been accorded environmental clearance by the Central Government in accordance with 

the procedures specified in the notification. 

Until January 1994, obtaining environmental clearance from the MoEF was only an administrative 

requirement intended for mega projects undertaken by the government or public sector 

undertakings. 

Relevance to the Construction Projects (Housing and Office Complex): 

• Certain type of urban housing projects needs environmental clearance from the 

MoEF. These include those (i) that are worth Rs. 500 million or above, (ii) intended 

for 1,000 persons or more, and (iii) would discharge 50,000 litres or more of 

sewage. If there are single housing construction projects that would exceed the 

above cost, then the environmental clearance should be obtained prior to 

implementation. Contractors should adhere to the conditions prescribed in the 

clearance. 

• In all their plant operations, the contractors need to meet the requirements / 

standards prescribed in the various Environmental Protection Rules and other 

environmental regulations. 

Whenever a project is given environmental clearance, a set of recommendations and conditions are 

stipulated by the Appraisal Committee that has to be complied with by the proponent once the 

project is commissioned. Project authorities are required to submit periodical compliance reports to 

the MoEF to enable the Ministry to monitor the implementation of the recommendations and 

conditions of environmental clearance. Cases of noncompliance of recommendations and 

conditions of environmental clearance are brought to the notice of the concerned SPCB for action. 

2.2.3 THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 

This Act was enacted to implement measures devised for its effective prevention, control or 

abatement of air pollution. The Act prohibits the construction and operation of any specified 

activity without the consent of SPCBs. For the prevention and control of air pollution, the State 

Government, in consultation with the SPCB has the powers to set standards for emissions from 

automobiles, impose restrictions on use of certain activities and prohibit emissions of air pollutants 

in excess of the standards laid down by the SPCB. It can also make an application to the court for 

restraining persons from causing air pollution. In addition, it also has the power of entry and 

inspection, power to obtain information and power to take samples of air emissions and conduct the 

appropriate follow up. The CPCB, as well as the SPCBs are eligible for contributions from the 

Central as well as the State Government, respectively, to perform their functions appropriately. The 

Act also allows for appropriate penalties and procedures for non-compliance. 

23



2.2.4 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, amended in 1988 

This Act has been enacted to implement measures devised for effective prevention and control of 

water pollution. It empowers the State Pollution Control Board to prepare manuals, codes or guides 

relating to treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents and information dissemination for 

maintaining or restoring wholesomeness of water. 

2.2.5 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 

This Act provides for levy and collection of Cess on water consumed by persons carrying on 

certain activities and by the local authorities with a view to augment the resources of CPCB and 

SPCBs for the prevention and control of water pollution, constituted under the Water Act, 1974. It 

also covers specifications on affixing of meters, furnishing of returns, assessment of Cess, interest 

payable for delay in payment of Cess and penalties for non-payment of Cess within the specified 

time. 

2.2.6 The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (as 

amended, May 2003) 

The Act requires owners to identify their wastes for applicability under the hazardous wastes 

amendment rules 2003 and manage them as per the prescribed guidelines. The assessment criteria 

under the amended rules are based on process and concentration. 

2.2.7 THE PUBLIC LIABILITY INSURANCE ACT, 1991 

The Public Liability Insurance Act (PLI), 1991, imposes on the owner the liability to provide 

immediate relief in respect of death or injury to any person or damage to any property resulting 

from an accident while handling any of the notified hazardous chemicals. This relief has to be 

provided on "no fault" basis. Owner handling hazardous chemicals has to take an insurance policy 

of an amount equal to its "paid up capital" or upto Rs 500 millions, which ever is less. The policy 

has to be renewed every year. New undertakings have to take this policy before the commencement 

of the activity. The owner also has to pay an amount equal to its annual premium to the Central 

Government's Environment Relief Fund (ERF). The payment under the Act is only for the 

immediate relief; owners shall have to provide the final compensation, if any, arising out of the 

legal proceedings. 

2.2.8 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 pertains to the cases of diversion of forest area and felling of 

roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are applied for at 

the following levels of government: 

• If the area of forests to be cleared or diverted exceeds 20ha (or, 10ha in hilly area) then prior 

permission of Central Government is required; 

24



• If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is between 5 to 20ha, the Regional Office of Chief 

Conservator of Forests is empowered to approve; 

• If the area of forest to be cleared or diverted is below or equal to 5ha, the State Government can 

give permission; and, 

• If the area to be clear-felled has a forest density of more than 40%, permission to undertake any 

work is needed from the Central Government, irrespective of the area to be cleared. 

Restrictions and clearance procedure proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act applies wholly to 

the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated forest area does not have any 

vegetation cover. If the activities are going to necessitate the diversion of forest area, then the 

respective line departments have to take the necessary clearances from the Forest Department / 

MoEF. 

2.2.9 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES, 2000 

The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 provides for procedures for 

collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid waste. 

2.2.10 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 

According to this Act, area within radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected property” are 

designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity 

(including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and 

development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled 

area” without prior permission of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) if the site/remains/ 

monuments are protected by ASI or the State Department of Archaeology if these are protected by 

the State. 

Relevance to the Construction Projects (Housing and Office Complex): 

• Activities in protected areas should not be undertaken. 

• If activities are to be done in the controlled area of protected properties, then the necessary 

permissions should be taken from the ASI. 

2.3 Applicable Environmental Standards 

The MoEF has the overall responsibility to set policy and standards for the protection of 

environment along with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This includes air, noise, water, 

and hazardous waste standards. The relevant standards, which may be of significance to the 

proposed project, are as follows: 

25



2.3.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards 

The standards for National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQS) has been prescribed by CPCB vide 

Gazette Notification dated 11th April 1994. The prescribed Indian standards are given in Annexure 

1. 

2.3.2 Ambient Noise Standards 

Ambient standards with respect to noise have been notified by the MoEF vide gazette notification 

dated 26th December 1989. It is based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). The 

standards are given in Annexure 2. 

2.3.3 Noise Standards for Occupational Exposure 

Noise standards in the work environment are specified by Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration (OSHA-USA) which in turn are being enforced by the Government of India through 

model rules framed under the Factories Act. These are given in Annexure 3. 

2.3.4 Wastewater Discharge Standards 

The discharge of treated wastewater from the sewage treatment plant (STP) should comply with the 

norms prescribed by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC). These are given in Annexure 

4. 

2.3.5 Noise Standards for Stationary DG sets 

The prescribed noise standards for control of noise pollution from stationary Diesel Generator (DG) 

sets are given in Annexure 5. 

2.4 Environmental Clearance Requirements 

As per the policies and legal framework, for any new activity the following set of environmental 

approvals are necessary from the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB): 

• Consent to Establish 

• Consent to Operate 

2.4.1 Consent to Establish 

The provision of `Consent to Establish' under the Water and Air Acts have been made obligatory 

after amendments to the Acts made in 1988 and 1987 respectively. Earlier, SPCBs were issuing 

separate NOCs for only siting of an industry and for adequacy and appropriateness of pollution 

control equipment and related measures. This requirement has now been replaced by the `Consent 

to Establish' and even extended to projects on housing and office complex. However, some SPCBs 

26



have not yet notified the amended rules. In such cases, the proponent is still required to obtain a 

NOC from the SPCB and not the `Consent to Establish'. 

2.4.2 Consent to establish for discharge of effluents under the Water Act, 1974 

All projects (operation, process or any treatment and disposal system) which are likely to discharge 

sewage or trade effluents into a stream, sewer or on land, are required to obtain `Consent to 

Establish for Discharge of Effluents' under the Water Act, 1974 (amended in 1988). For obtaining 

this consent, an application is to be submitted to the concerned SPCB in the prescribed form along 

with the prescribed application fee. 

2.4.3 Consent to establish for emission under the Air Act, 1981 

All projects (operation or process) located in an Air Pollution Control Area (APCA) declared so by 

the concerned SPCB, and likely to emit air pollutants in the atmosphere, are required to obtain 

`Consent to Establish for Emissions' under the Air Act, 1981 (amended in 1987). For obtaining this 

consent, an application is to be submitted to the concerned SPCB, in the prescribed form and along 

with the prescribed application fee. 

After obtaining the `Consent to Establish' and `Environmental Clearance', the project proponents 

can begin work related to the setting up of the project. After this, a periodic compliance report is to 

be submitted indicating effective implementation of the recommendations and connotations. 

2.4.4 Environmental Public Hearing (Public Consultation) 

The public participation in the EIA process has become mandatory as per the latest notification SO 

318 (E) dated 10 April, 1997. As per the notification, the environmental public hearing process 

shall precede the grant of Consent to Establish. On receipt of application of Environmental Public 

Hearing and Consent to Establish, the SPCB constitutes Public Hearing Panel comprising of 

members representing: 

- State Pollution Control Board 

- State government department dealing with the subject 

- District Collector or his nominee 

- State government department dealing with the Environmental matters 

- Members (maximum) of Municipality/Panchayat 

- Senior Citizens from local area 

Following panel constitution, SPCB releases Notice for the EPH in two local newspapers inviting 

objections from the bonafide people likely to be affected by a project covered under EIA 

notification. 

27



2.5 Applicable State Level Legislations 

2.5.1 Delhi Water Board (Amendment) Bill, 2002 

The Delhi Water Board has been established under section 3 of the Delhi Water Board Act, 1998 

(Delhi Act No.4 of 1998) to discharge the functions of water supply, sewerage and sewage disposal 

and drainage within the National Capital Territory of Delhi and for matters connected therewith. 

This bill is to protect groundwater resources, to provide safeguards against hazards of its overexploitation 

and to ensure its planned development and management in the NCT of Delhi and for 

matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The bill empowers the board to develop, control, 

regulate and administer the groundwater in the state by ensuring its optimal and efficient utilization 

in consultation with the Central Groundwater Authority. This also provides for conjunctive use of 

surface and groundwater. This bill provides for registration of new users of wells and also 

prohibition of sinking wells in notified areas without permit. It empowers the authority to penalise 

the activities not in accordance with the act regarded as offences. 

2.5.2 The Delhi Plastic Bag (Manufacture, Sales and Usage) and Non-Biodegradable Garbage 

(Control) Act, 2000 

This Act has been enacted to prevent contamination of foodstuff carried in recycled plastic bag, 

reduce the use of plastic bag, throwing or depositing non-biodegradable garbage in public drain, 

roads and places open to public view in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. 

According to the Act, it shall be the duty of the owners and occupiers of lands and building to 

collect or to cause to be collected from their respective land and buildings the non biodegradable 

garbage and to be deposited, in public receptacles, deposits or places provided for temporary 

deposit or collection of the non-biodegradable garbage by the local authority in the area. Also, the 

owner should provide separate receptacles or dustbins, other than those kept and maintained for 

deposit of bio-degradable garbage, of the type and in the manner prescribed by the local authority 

for collection therein of all the non-biodegradable waste from such land and building and to keep 

such receptacles / dustbins in good conditions and repair. 

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 

This section of the report describes the features of the proposed project in sufficient detail to allow 

an assessment of its environmental impact. A complete description is important to understand the 

potential environmental implications of the initiative and accordingly addressing issues in an 

28



appropriate manner. Description of the proposed project components and activities are presented 

together with the aspects during the construction and operation phase of the project which are also 

important from the environmental perspective. 

3.1 Major Project Components and Requirements 

The major project components and resource requirements are described below: 

3.1.1 Project Layout and Development Concept 

An integrated complex for Delhi Judicial Academy, National Law School, and National Institute of 

mediation and conciliation is proposed to be established in Delhi on a land measuring about 

49352.00 sq. meters (12.195 acres). This land has been allotted by the Delhi Development 

Authority (DDA) in Sector – 14, Dwarka, Phase – II, Delhi. All these three teaching components of 

the complex will function as independent institutions and will be integrated as a unified complex. 

In addition to the training programmes of the Judicial Academy and the Institute of Mediation and 

Conciliation, the National Law School will offer five years degree course in Law. All these 

Institutions shall share certain common facilities in the campus, while maintaining their identities 

and independent functioning. 

As there is requirement of substantial residential accommodation for the National Law School as 

well as for the Delhi Judicial Academy, the Ministry of Urban Development after the 

recommendation by DDA has issued a gazette notification to bifurcate the site with different land 

uses, namely Institutional and Residential. 

The layout plan of the integrated complex has been developed keeping in view of the following 

major design considerations: 

• Meeting the projected spatial requirements for the entire complex as well as individual 

buildings, as per the design brief and other guidelines issued by the committee of the Hon. 

Judges of High Court of Delhi. 

• Fulfilling client’s aspirations for developing an institution with a conducive environment for 

learning. 

• Design to be responsive, to the site parameters and the nature of building proposed. 

• Creating an architecturally satisfying building complex which will stand out as a landmark in 

the vicinity. 

• Adherence to the building bye-laws and master plan implications. 

After series of meetings with the officials of the Judicial Academy and with Hon. Judges of the 

Delhi High Court, the designs of various buildings and the layout of the complex, has been 

29



finalized, which has also been formally approved by the Committee of Hon. Judges for the Judicial 

Academy. 

The overriding prime objective of the proposed integrated complex is streamlining the functionary 

efficiency of the complex and catering to the needs of various users groups, such as the students of 

law college and trainees in the judicial academy, because both the user group have distinct 

identities and status in the judicial system. A combined building for the academic activities and a 

combined administration complex has been designed. The facilities like auditorium, cafeteria and 

library have been clubbed around the main buildings. 

According to the layout plan, the Academic Complex shall consist of the following building blocks: 

• Academic block 

• Administration and Management block 

• Library 

• Auditorium 

• Cafeteria and convenient shopping 

• Club building 

On the other hand the Residential Complex will accommodate the following structures: 

• Chairman’s residence 

• Director’s residence – Judicial Academy 

• Director’s residence – Law School 

• Staff housing 

• Hostel for trainees for Judicial Academy 

• Hostel for boys 

• Hostel for girls 

• Guest house for visiting faculty and guests. 

• Essential Staff 

3.1.2 Land Use and Area Statement 

The academic complex encompasses about 26172.00 sq. meters (6.467 acres) i.e. 53.03% of the 

total plot area. The proposed covered area on ground floor is 6156.381 sq. meters (23.52%) against 

the permissible ground coverage of 6543.00 sq. meters (25%) and with total built up area of 

34,223.275 sq. meters (including basement). FAR achieved have been 97.89 against the permissible 

FAR of 100. The details of proposed built up area of academic complex and other related buildings 

is given in Table 3.1. 

30



The plot area under residential complex is about 23180.00 sq. meters (5.728 acres) i.e. 46.97% of 

the total plot area. The proposed covered area on ground floor is 6210.206 sq. meters (26.79%) 

against the permissible ground coverage of 7725.894 sq. meters (33.33%) and with total built up 

area of 33,959.864 sq. meters (including basement). FAR achieved have been 125.046 against the 

permissible FAR of 133. The details of proposed built up area of residential complex is given in 

Table 3.2. The detail of the proposed land use for the project is given in Table 3.3. 

3.1.3 Water Requirements and Supply 

As per the initial estimation, the average water requirement for the proposed project will be 200 

m 3 /day during the construction phase and 297 m 3 /day during the operation phase. Water 

requirement during the construction phase will be met both through tankers and tubewells. The 

project proponent will obtain necessary permission from the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) before drawing 

water from the ground for the construction activity. 

Water during the operation phase will be partly met from the piped water supply network of DJB 

and partly from tubewells on site. Water conservation and rain water harvesting plan will be 

implemented as per DJB guidelines to conserve the resources. 

It is estimated about 200 m 3 of water will be reserved separately for fire fighting purpose in the 

premises. 

3.1.4 Power Requirements and Supply 

Power demand for the academic complex is estimated to be about 4250 KVA and for residential 

complex 570 KVA. Electricity supply shall be provided from the nearest 220/66 KV grid substation. 

A separate electrical room / sub-station building will be constructed separately in each of 

the complex as per the requirement. All fire and safety measures will be taken as directed by the 

concerned authority. The construction of electric sub station and installation of transformers, LT 

and HT panels shall be as per the provision specified by the concerned authorities. 

The power requirement during construction will be met either through DG sets or supply through 

the nearest grid. 

31



Table 3.1 

Details of Proposed Built Up Area of Academic Complex and Other Related Buildings 

S. 

NO. 

BUILDING BLOCKS 

AREA AT BASEMENT FLOOR 

(IN SQ. METERS) 

NO. OF FLOORS 

(IN NOS.) 

AREA AT GROUND 

FLOOR 


AREA ON ALL 

FLOORS 

(EXCLUDING 

BASEMENT) 


1. Academic Block 8018.845 

B+G+5 1718.354 9411.862 

(Area at combined basement 

2. Auditorium Block below these three blocks) 

B+G+1 1389.37 2463.81 

3. Administration 

and Management Block 

B+G+6 2406.793 11098.07 

4. Club Block 582.058 B+G+2 641.864 1432.85 

TOTAL 8600.903 6156.381 24406.592 

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Table 3.2 

Details of Proposed Built Up Area of Residential Buildings 

S. 

NO. 

BUILDING BLOCKS 

AREA AT BASEMENT FLOOR 


NO. OF FLOORS 

(IN NOS.) 

AREA AT GROUND 

FLOOR 


AREA ON ALL 

FLOORS 

(EXCLUDING 

BASEMENT) 


1. Chairman’s Residence - G+1 262.987 431.904 

2. Director’s Residences 

(2 Nos.) 

- G+1 397.474 648.856 

3. Hostel for Judicial 

Academy 

1365.114 B+G+4 1273.49 5597.798 

4. Girls Hostel 1804.536 B+G+6 1291.288 6191.486 

5. Boys Hostel 1804.536 B+G+6 1291.288 6191.486 

6. Staff Housing - S+9 710.256 6392.304 

7. Essential Staff Quarters - S+3 190.224 570.672 

8. Guest House - G+3 793.199 2917.697 

33



9. Area under lifts 

And stairs on stilt 

- - - 43.475 

TOTAL 4974.186 6210.206 28985.678 

Table 3.3 

Proposed Land Use for the Integrated Complex 

S. 

NO. 

LAND USE 

AREA (SQ. METERS) 

% OF THE TOTAL PLOT AREA 

I.E. 49352.00 SQ. METERS 

Academic Complex Residential Complex Academic Complex Residential Complex 

1. Plot Area 26172.00 23180.00 53.03 46.97 

2. Covered Area of Building 

at Ground Floor 

6156.381 6210.206 12.47 12.58 

3. Open Area 20015.619 16969.794 40.56 34.38 

4. Landscaped & Green Area 14059.159 12291.822 28.49 24.91 

5. Roads and Driveways 3043.33 2107.291 6.17 4.27 

6. Open Parking 2913.134 2570.681 5.90 5.21 

34



35



3.1.5 Back Up Power Supply System 

It is proposed to install four D.G. sets of 1000 KVA and one D.G. set of 500 KVA for full power 

back up in the academic complex. No DG set will be provided in the residential complex. 

However, certain essential services in it will be linked with the DG sets in the academic 

complex. The ventilating stacks of adequate height above the roof of the building will be 

provided as per the norms. Each DG set will also be equipped with state-of-the-art insulating and 

acoustic enclosures. 

3.1.6 Fuel Requirements 

Diesel / Industrial Oil will be consumed for Diesel Generators in case of Power failure. The 

Diesel and Oil if required to be stored on the site as a reserved stock, will be stored in a drum / 

tin with proper identification mark / labels in identified area. Fire and safety measures will be 

taken as per the guidelines from the concerned authority. 

3.1.7 Water Storage Tanks and Pump Room 

The project will provide two underground water storage tanks of capacities 250 m 3 and 225 m 3 in 

the academic and residential complex respectively. Additional overhead water storage tanks will 

also be provided in different blocks of the complex. Capacities of these tanks will be: 

In Academic Complex 

• Academic Block - 43,200 litres 

• Administration and Management Block - 50,000 litres 

• Auditorium and Cafeteria - 34,000 litres 

• Club Building - 25,000 litres 

In Residential Complex 

• Chairman’s Residence - 2000 litres 

• Director’s Residence - 4000 litres 

• Staff Housing - 41,200 litres 

• Guest House - 25,000 litres 

• Hostel for Judicial Academy - 27,000 litres 

• Boy’s Hostel - 38,000 litres 

• Girl’s Hostel - 38,000 litres 

• Essential Staff Housing - 5400 litres 

36



A substantial portion of the basement will be utilized for the pump room. It is estimated about 

60% of the water requirement will be met through piped water supply from DJB and the 

remaining from ground water. 

3.1.8 Sewage Collection, Treatment and Disposal System 

It is proposed to establish one STP of 250 m 3 /day capacity in the complex based on aerobic 

Fluidized Bed Reactor Technology. The wastewater generated will be treated up to tertiary level. 

The single STP will serve both the academic and residential complex. The wastewater will be 

collected through a network of drainage system to be designed accordingly keeping in view the 

location of the STP. The treated effluent will be mostly reused for flushing of toilets in the 

residential complex and for gardening. Dual plumbing system will be provided for utilizing 

treated water for flushing of toilets. Unutilized treated effluent shall be discharged into the 

municipal sewerage network which is available around the proposed site. Reuse of treated 

effluent within the complex will reduce the overall requirement of fresh water as well as put less 

load on the existing sewerage network. 

During the project construction phase, the major source of water pollution will be sewage from 

labour camps and makeshift office. It is expected that at any given time during the construction 

phase, the peak manpower strength on construction site comprising of technical staff, 

clerical/supervisor, skilled and unskilled workers would be about 500 persons. The average 

domestic water requirements would be about 50 lpcd. Thus, total water requirements work out to 

be 25,000 litres / day (max.). It is assumed that about 80% of the water required will be 

generated as sewage. Thus, total quantum of sewage generated in peak situation is expected to be 

about 20,000 litres / day. The generated sewage would pass through a septic tank and its 

discharge would be connected to the existing municipal sewage network of the area. 

3.1.9 Storm Water Drainage System 

All along the road storm water drains would be provided to collect water during rains. They 

would be adequately sized to prevent over flooding of the site. The storm water collection system 

will be designed in such a manner so that clean storm water from garden, parking areas, 

roadways and lawns is used for recharging of ground water. The excess run off will be directed 

towards the nearest storm water drain. 

37



3.1.10 Internal Road Network and Vehicle Parking 

The layout plan of the proposed site has developed an internal road network in such a manner 

that it will not only cater to various buildings but also integrate the whole complex in an 

interesting composition of built masses and open spaces with a pedestrian dominated movement 

pattern. 

Entry points to the complex have been worked out keeping in view the desired movement of 

vehicles. Main formal entry to the Administration block is planned from the main road on the 

Southern side, whereas a second entry is planned from the Western side for students. 

The entry to the residential complex is planned from the side road on Eastern side. This road 

leads to the Metro rail station in sector-14 from where inhabitants of the residential complex will 

be able to communicate and travel to main city. 

Adequately wide roads to cater to two way traffic and to meet the fire regulations are planned in 

the complex. 

It is proposed to provide total equivalent car space (ECS) of 356 in the academic complex. This 

includes 126 ECS for open parking and 230 ECS for basement parking. The total area covered 

under open parking is 2913.134 sq. meters and in combined basement 7385.123 sq. meters. 

The total 115 ECS will be provided in the residential housing and 187 ECS in hostels. Parking 

facilities in the residential housing includes 79 ECS in open parking, 30 ECS in stilt parking and 

6 ECS in covered garages. In the Hostels, 32 ECS will be provided in open parking and 155 ECS 

in basement. The total area covered in open parking in the residential complex is 2570.681 sq. 

meters, 857.005 sq. meters in stilt parking and 4974.186 sq. meters in basement parking. 

3.1.11 Air Conditioning System 

The complete academic complex and a part of residential complex would be fitted with a central 

air conditioning system using water cooled rotary scress chillers to provide summer / monsoon 

cooling and winter heating. It is proposed to install 4 nos. chillers of each of 400 TR capacity 

working in conjunction with dedicated chilled and condenser water pumps (having a redundant 

pump on each circuit) to maintain an ambient temperature of 24+- 1 o C, with relative humidity in 

region of 50 – 60%. The complete system will consist of water cooled rotary screw chillers along 

with condenser water pump sets, chilled water pump sets, air handling units, electrical works, 

38



GSS ducting, duct lining, duct insulation, powder coated aluminium grills and diffusers and other 

accessories for total air conditioned area of 15,835 sq. meters in the academic complex and 6530 

sq. meters in the residential complex to cater to a refrigeration load of 1520 TR approximately 

with a diversity of 0.95. 

The water chilling machines, condenser and chilled water pump sets, main electrical panel shall 

be installed in the plant room located in the services building and cooling towers shall be 

installed on terrace of utility block. The chilled water produced by the water chilling machines 

shall be fed to various air handling units located on various floors with the help of buried / 

insulated chilled water piping running in vertical shafts. The salient feature of the HVAC system 

design include optimization of power demand by installation of Energy Recovery Wheel (ERW) 

in the fresh air system, to reduce the refrigeration load by 805, which in turn will also reduce the 

air conditioning plant load by 12 – 15%. 

The design also envisaged mechanical ventilation for the basements, lift well, stair case, plant 

room and other similar areas. Mechanical ventilation for basement involves 10 air changes per 

hour and in case of fire, same would be increased to 30 air changes per hour. 

The total electrical connected load will be approximately 1500 KW. 

The chillers used in the proposed air conditioning plant will be of non CFC and HCFC 

specifications. 

The daily make up water requirements for the system will be about 42,000 litres. The water 

requirements will take into consideration the following U values proposed to be achieved for: 

• Walls – 0.36 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

• Floors – 0.46 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

• Roofs - 0.12 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

• Windows - 1.13 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

The expected quality of water required for the system will be less than 7 pH value. 

3.1.12 Fire Fighting System 

Fire fighting system in the complex will consist of fire detection system and fire fighting system. 

Automatic fire detection system with different types of heat and smoke detectors will be 

39



provided in different areas of the building. The system shall be connected to the fire alarm 

system. An emergency intercommunication system shall be provided for the entire building. The 

control room / security room with communication system to all floors and facility for receiving 

messages from different floors shall be provided at entrance on ground floor. 

The proposed complex will be provided with adequate fire protection arrangements such as 

underground water storage tank of 2 lakh litres capacity, one over head water storage tank of 

20,000 litres capacity, fire pump, wet riser system, hose reel, hose box, fire alarm system, 

portable fire extinguisher, one standby DG set connected with lift, fire pump, emergency light. 

Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in the entire building. The portable fire extinguishers shall 

be provided at strategic locations. 

It is also proposed to appoint a qualified fire officer in the building to maintain / look after fire 

fighting system / fire order. To prevent any fire hazard, good house keeping inside and outside 

the building shall be strictly maintained. 

3.1.13 Solar Water Heating System 

It is also proposed to provide solar water heating system in the hostel and staff housing block of 

the residential complex. The system will consist of solar panels, insulated hot water storage tank, 

and insulated piping. The estimated demand for the hot water will be about 10,000 litres per day. 

3.2 Project Activities 

3.2.1 Construction Phase 

The civil works for the construction and development of integrated complex include bulk 

earthworks, construction of internal roads, pavements, parking area, underground water storage 

tanks, foundations for buildings and structures, installation of storm water drainage, water 

supply, and sewage drainage network, services, landscaping and security fencing. Detailed 

excavation will be required for the multi-storeyed buildings. Other excavation will be limited to 

trenching for storm water, water tanks, sewerage, electrical rooms/sub-stations and other 

facilities. AC plant, pump room and storage etc. will be based in the lower basement of the 

services building block of the complex. 

40



3.2.2 Operation Phase 

The regular operation and maintenance will be required for sewage treatment plant, air 

conditioning plant, pumps, and DG sets. These will be equipped with electrical control and 

mechanical fittings. The maintenance of bore well area and rainwater harvesting system will be 

required both on short term and long term basis. The trained operators will be deployed on all 

these facilities. 

3.3 Water Balance Statement 

The water balance for the proposed project during the construction and operation phase is given 

below: 

3.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 

• Total water requirement during the construction phase (for 

concrete curing, mortar mixing and curing for block work, 

mortar mixing and curing for plastering, floor finishes, roof 

works / Screed, and sprinkling for dust suppression) is 

estimated to be about 

• Total water requirement during the construction phase for 

domestic purpose 

112,500 m 3 

37,500 m 3 

• Construction Period 30 months 

• No. of working days / month 25 

• Total no. of working days 750 

Average water consumption per day (For Construction) 150 m 3 

Average water consumption per day (For Domestic) 50 m 3 

3.3.2 OPERATION PHASE 

• Water Requirement for Academic Complex: 

i) Break Up of daily water consumption 

Academic Block 

Administration Block 

= 46,000 litres 

= 60,000 litres 

41



Auditorium 

= 14,000 litres 

Club Bldg. 

= 5000 litres 

Sub-stations 

= 2000 litres 

Site Office 

= 2000 litres 

(Above requirements has been worked out based on Non-Residential Building requirement 

@ 45 litres per capita per day, 10% floating population, and assuming occupancy @ 10 sq. 

meter per person). 

Total Water Requirements for Academic Complex 

= 129 m 3 /day 

ii) 

Wastewater Generation 

Assuming 80% of this coming out as waste water, Quantity of waste water generated from 

the Academic Complex is estimated to be about 103 m 3 /day. 

• Water Requirement for Residential Complex: 

i) Break Up of daily water consumption 

Chairman’s Residence (G+1) 

Director’s Residence (G+1, 2 nos.) 

Staff housing (36 nos., G+9) 36x5x200 

Guest House (G+ 3, 24 suits) 24x1.5x200 

Hostel for J. Academy (B+G+4) 80X200 

Hostel for Boys (G+6, 200 Person) 200x200 

Hostel for Girls (G+6, 200 Person) 200x200 

Essential Staff Quarters (S+3, 12 nos.) 12x5x200 

= 2000 litres 

= 4000 litres 

= 36,000 litres 

= 7200 litres 

= 16,000 litres 

= 40,000 litres 

= 40,000 litres 

= 12,000 litres 

Total Water Requirements for Residential Complex = 157 m 3 /day 

Considering 20% of daily water consumption as recycled water for toilet flushing, the total 

potable water requirement for drinking and other purposes = 126 m 3 /day 

Quantity of treated water used for flushing purpose = 31 m 3 /day 

ii) 

Wastewater Generation 

Assuming 80% of daily potable water consumption coming out as waste water, 

Wastewater Quantity 

= 101 m 3 /day 

42



Total Wastewater Quantity from the Residential Complex 

= 101 + 31 = 132 m 3 /day 

Total Average Wastewater flow from both Academic and Residential Complex is estimated 

to be about 

= 103 + 132 = 235 m 3 /day 

Hence it is proposed to set up a Sewage Treatment Plant of capacity 250 m 3 /day. 

• AC Make Up Water Requirement: 

The make up water requirements for the air conditioning plant will be about = 42 m 3 /day 

Figure 3.0 gives the water balance diagram of the proposed project during the operation phase. 

3.4 Building Design Features on Seismic Load 

Various measures taken to make the proposed building structure earthquake resistance include: 

• Building designed as a RCC framed structure. 

• The design of frame structures is based on stipulation of I.S. codes of earthquake design (I.S. 

1893) 

• Ductility provisions to improve earthquake resistivity, as per the Indian Standards 

requirement also being incorporated. 

As such the structure is designed for earthquake resistivity taking into account latest provisions 

of Indian Standars codes for earthquake resistivity. 

3.5 Resource and Construction Material Requirements 

Construction of the project components will require the use of renewable and non-renewable 

resources including wood, gravel, sand, steel, concrete, cement, bricks and paper products. The 

materials, apart from paper products, will be used during the construction period only and will 

not be required during the operation phase of the project. Paper products (e.g., paper, cardboard) 

will be used during the operation for record keeping, general commercial use etc. However, their 

use will be minimized. The estimated quantities of construction materials required are given in 

Table 3.4. 

During the construction activity, it is expected that no fill materials will be transported from 

outside. The total quantity of earthwork involved is estimated to be about 91,000 m 3 . 

43



Figure 3.0: Water Balance (m 3 /day) 

Water Supply 

(60% from DJB and rest from Bore well on site) 

297 m 3 /day (Potable Water) 

126 m 3 /day 129 m 3 /day 42 m 3 /day 

Residential 

Complex 

Academic 

Complex 

Air Conditioned 

Make Up Water 

132 m 3 /day 

103 m 3 /day 

Sewage 

Treatment Plant 

of Capacity 250 

m 3 /day 

Treated Water 

31 m 3 /day 

Toilet 

Flushing 

Gardening 

(in both 

complex) 

44



The material used for construction of the building will be of non – combustible nature. Non – 

combustible material will only be used for the construction / erection of false ceiling including 

all fixtures and used for its suspension / erection etc. and of low flame rating. 

Fossil fuels, such as diesel fuel, gasoline and oil will be used during the construction and 

operation of the project for mechanical and electrical equipments. 

Electricity will be used during construction to provide power to construction equipment and 

during operation for lighting of buildings and running utilities equipments. Electricity 

consumption will be kept at a minimum when possible by adopting electricity conservation 

measures. 

Table 3.4 

Estimated Quantities of Construction Materials 

Type of Construction Material Unit Quantity 

Sand m 3 50,200 

Coarse aggregate m 3 45,000 

Fine aggregate m 3 48,000 

Cement MT 16,800 

Structural steel MT 200 

Reinforcement steel MT 3500 

Wood m 2 54,000 

Bricks / Blocks For 75 mm thick b.w. 3,20,700* 

* 25% of total bricks used in the project will be fly ash bricks. 

3.6 Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Wastes Generation 

Dust will be generated during the construction phase from earthworks, movement of vehicles and 

by wind erosion of areas cleared of vegetation. The degree of dust generated would depend on 

the soil compaction and moisture content of the ground surface during construction. 

The generation of waste material is inevitable during the construction phase of the development. 

Waste materials normally include general refuse including scrap metal, cardboard, plastics; inert 

waste including excess fill and building rubble; and sewage wastes from the construction 

workers housing. Clean waste material such as rock and rubble will mostly be used for earth fill 

on the site itself. Other solid wastes generated during construction will be needed to be disposed 

to a designated landfill site. 

45



Domestic sewage will be generated during the operation phase of the project which will be 

treated in the proposed STP in the complex. Significant proportion of Municipal Solid Wastes 

will be generated from both the academic and residential complex and will need to be disposed 

off safely. The sludge generated from STP will be reused in horticulture within and outside the 

project site. 

3.7 Construction Plan and Timetable 

The preliminary schedule and timetable of major construction activities is outlined in Table 3.5. 

The total construction period for the entire complex will be about 30 months. This schedule is 

dependant on receiving timely environmental approvals from the concerned authorities. 

Table 3.5 

Proposed Integrated Judicial Complex Construction Schedule 

project activity 

Earth Excavation 

Casting of foundations and basement 

Casting of roof slabs 

Finishing 

Development and other related work 

proposed duration (FROM 

START DATE) 

1 month 

4 months 

18 months 

24 months 

30 months 

3.8 Construction Workforce Requirements 

The site works during construction are highly labour intensive and a sizeable workforce is 

anticipated. The entire project will be executed in 30 months period. The peak labour force 

requirement for the project will be about 1500 workers. It is expected that about 500 workers 

will stay in temporary shelters on the site during the construction period. 

3.9 Project Cost 

The estimated cost of the project including construction and machinery cost is expected to be Rs 

125 crores. 

3.10 Project Site Layout Plan and Model Photographs 

46



The proposed project site layout plan for the construction of academic and residential integrated 

complex is given in Figure 3.1. This illustrates the major project components and their locations 

on the site. Figure 3.2 and 3.3 gives the model photographs of the proposed project. 

47



Figure 3.1: Proposed Project Site Layout Plan



Figure 3.2: Model Photograph – I



Figure 3.3: Model Photograph – II



4. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 

4.1 Introduction 

This chapter describes the existing environmental characteristics of the project area. Before start of 

any EIA study, it is necessary to identify the baseline levels of relevant environmental parameters 

which are likely to be affected as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project. 

The baseline status of various environmental attributes at the micro and macro levels determines 

the existing environmental quality of the project area and serves as the basis for identification and 

prediction of impacts. The environmental quality of the project area is assessed through both field 

studies and secondary sources within the environmental impact zone for various components of 

environment, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Biological, Land and Socio-economic. The baseline 

environmental status for the summer season 2006 in the present REIA study has been assessed 

within core (local and immediate vicinity) and buffer (within 10 km radius) zone from the proposed 

project construction site. The summary of data collected from various sources as a part of the REIA 

study is outlined in Table 4.1. 

4.2 Physiography 

Physiographically, the NCT of Delhi has two distinct natural features - "the ridge", which is the 

rocky outcrop of Aravalli Hills and the "River Yamuna", which flows in eastern side of Delhi and 

flows in southern direction. Further, the distinct physiographic units of NCT of Delhi are: 

• Old flood plain (old Khadar) and Recent flood plain (new Khadar) of Yamuna River 

• Upper Alluvial plain (Bangar) 

• The quartzite ridge (Kohi) 

• The nearly closed alluvial basin of chattarpur in South Delhi 

Figure 4.1 shows the physiographic regions map of Delhi. Delhi sprawls over 1483-sq km between 

latitude 28 0 34’ N and a longitude of 77 0 07’ E. The average elevation of Delhi plain is 198 m to 200 

m above the mean sea level (amsl). 

The ridge, however has a higher elevation going upto 250 m above mean sea level (amsl) and is 

about 15 to 20 m above the surrounding plains. The Shahdara area drains from East to West into 

Yamuna River. Similarly Delhi and New Delhi areas also drain in Yamuna River through various 

drains such as Najafgarh drain. Many small watercourses intersect the terrain causing a variation in 

relief. However, the average gradient of terrain is gentle, in the order of 1 to 3 m per km. 

51



Figure 4.1: Physiographic Regions Map of Delhi 

52



East to South-South-West. 

aspect 

Delhi area is generally flat except for a gentle rise to form a central ridge from North-North- 

Micrometeorology 

Ambient 

Quality 

Ambient 

Quality 

Air 

Noise 

Ground Water 

Quality 

Ground Water 

Hydrology 

Table 4.1 

Summary of Data Collection from Various Sources 

mode of data 

collection 

Primary 

Secondary 

Primary 

Primary 

and 

parameters monitored frequency source (s) 

Temperature, Humidity, 

Wind Speed, Wind 

Direction, Rainfall 

SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX, 

CO 

Hourly noise equivalent 

levels (L day , L night , L dn ) 

Primary Physico – chemical 

parameters 

Secondary 

Ground water table, rate 

of recharge, available 

yield, 

aquifer 

characteristics 

Soil Quality Primary Physico Chemical 

parameters 

Three months 

(March to May 

2006) 

Twice a week for 4 

weeks for three 

months 

Once in a season 


Field Studies and 

Indian 

Meteorological 

Department (IMD) 

Field Studies 

Field Studies 

Field Studies 

- Central Ground 

Water Board 


Field Studies 

Vegetation Secondary Type of species - Forest Department 

Socio Economic Secondary Demographic and socio 

economic parameters, 

physical and social 

infrastructure 

- Census Data 2001, 

DDA, Other 

published reports 

4.3 Climate 

The average annual rainfall in the NCT of Delhi is 612 mm. The rainfall over NCT of Delhi 

generates surface water run-off through streams, drains and as sheet flow. Delhi being highly 

urbanized the percentage run-off is high due to the extensive paved area. The average annual 

evaporation is about 2540 mm in Delhi. The mean relative humidity is 66%. 

The climatic regime of Delhi falls under the semi arid type, as influenced by the considerable 

distance of the city from the sea and prevalence of continental winds during major portion of the 

year. Extreme dryness with hot summers and cold winters are characteristics of the climate. The 

year can broadly be divided into four seasons. The cold season starts towards the later half of 

November when both day and night temperature drop rapidly with the advance of the season. 

53



January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 21.3ºC and the 

mean daily minimum at 7.3ºC. 

This is followed by the hot season starting in March, which lasts till about the end of June when the 

monsoon arrives. May and June are the hottest months. While day temperatures are higher in May 

the nights are warmer in June. From April the hot wind known locally as ‘looh’ blows and the 

weather is unpleasant. In May and June maximum temperature may sometimes reach 46 or 47 ºC. 

April and May are the driest months with relative humidity of 30% in the morning and less then 

20% in the afternoon. The monsoon continues until the last week of September. The two post 

monsoon months of October and November constitute a transition period from the monsoon to the 

winter season. 

The monsoon season witnesses the least pollution due to frequent washout of pollutants along with 

rains. Mixing height is one of the important parameters that influence the dilution of pollutants. It 

follows diurnal and seasonal variations. During winter, ground based temperature inversions are a 

regular feature that restricts mixing height to low levels. Lower temperatures, calm conditions, 

lower mixing height, and temperature inversions during winter is to restrict and confine pollutant 

dispersion and dispersal (CPCB 1993/94 and CPCB 2000). 

4.4 Micro Meteorological Characteristics 

Winter evenings, have higher pollution build-up because of frequent calm conditions with 

temperature inversions resulting in poor natural ventilation and high emission loads due to evening 

traffic peaks. In the summer season, there are frequent pre-monsoon dust storms, when strong 

westerly winds from Rajasthan desert deposit large concentration of dust particles in Delhi’s 

atmosphere. 

The study area, a part of South West District of Delhi, receives about 81.2% of the annual rainfall 

during the monsoon months June to September. On an average, rain of 2.5 mm or more falls on 

38.3 days in a year in this region of Delhi. The annual average rainfall is about 792.8 mm based on 

22 years of data. The rainfall intensity of 20 to 30 mm generally occurs in one hour duration. 

A mechanical meteorological station was installed at the proposed project site for three months 

during the months of March to May 2006 to record various meteorological parameters on hourly 

basis to understand the local wind speed, wind direction, Temperature variation, relative humidity 

variation etc. 

During the study period the wind roses are plotted at an interval for 24 hrs (00-24hrs). Figure 4.2 

represents the wind pattern of the study period. 

54



4.5 Air Environment 

55



The quality of ambient air depends upon the background concentration of specific pollutants, 

the sources of emission and meteorological conditions. The baseline studies on air environment 

include identification of specific air pollution parameters and assessing their existing levels in 

ambient air. 

4.5.1 Ambient Air Quality Scenario in Delhi 

The air quality information on air quality statistics from the various urban areas in the country, 

generated from the NAMP network is compiled and published regularly by the CPCB. The air 

quality parameters regularly monitored nationwide are SPM (8 hourly for 24 hours), sulphur 

dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) (4 hourly for 24 hours), while additional parameters like 

carbon monoxide (CO), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), ozone, respirable suspended 

particulate matter (RSPM), benzene and trace metals are additionally monitored in Delhi and some 

other cities, but not in all the cities. The annual ambient air quality data of CPCB for the years 1995 

and 2002 has been studied and comparison of data for the respective years has been made to 

establish trends in the air quality of these years for Delhi area. 

Delhi, in terms of air pollution, was ranked fourth among the 41 most polluted cities in the world, 

in the 90’s. The annual average levels of suspended particulate matter increased to 450 µg/m 3 

during 1996, which is nearly three times the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 140 µg / m 3 

for residential areas as notified by the Ministry of Environment, Govt. of India. During this period, 

the annual average levels of CO also increased to 5587 µg/m 3 as against the National Ambient Air 

Quality Standard of 2000 µg / m 3 for the residential areas. Vehicles, thermal power plants and large 

as well as small-scale industrial units in Delhi were the major sources of these pollutants. 

Though Delhi remains a polluted city, there is not much of chemical pollution. The period from 

1989 to 1996 saw a rapid increase in pollution levels. The Year 1996 may be considered as the peak 

year. But in the wake of use of CNG as an alternate fuel, the contribution of vehicular sector 

towards air pollution has been reduced in the subsequent years. This is also supported by the fact 

that there is a significant improvement in the air quality. The best place to witness this change is the 

busy ITO traffic intersection, where toxic fumes no longer irritate the eyes as earlier. Carbon 

Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Lead and Sulphur Dioxide levels have all shown a declining trend. 

The annual average of 42 µg / m 3 of Sulphur Dioxide in the year 1996 came down to as much as 18 

µg / m 3 during 2002 at ITO Intersection, whereas NO2 came down from 75 µg / m 3 in 1996 to 59 

µg / m 3 in 2002. Further, there has been a marked decline in the annual Lead levels after 

introduction of unleaded petrol in 1998. Also, the results show a significant improvement in the 

overall air quality of the city. The concentration of Carbon Monoxide has fallen by 32 per cent; 

Sulphur Dioxide levels have fallen by 39 per cent in 2002 as compared to 1997. The concentration 

of other pollutants like Lead and Benzene has also registered a marked decline. 

56



Despite the phenomenal growth in vehicular population, the levels of Nitrogen Dioxide have 

remained more or less constant, this can be attributed to the phasing out of old commercial vehicles 

and implementation of Euro-I and subsequently Euro-II norms for petrol and diesel driven private 

vehicles. 

The main fuels used in vehicles are petrol, diesel and CNG Gas. The main pollutants that come out 

from the exhaust tail of vehicular engines are: 

- Carbon dioxide 

- Carbon monoxides 

- Oxides of Nitrogen 

- Oxides of Sulphur 

- Hydrocarbon, and 

- Particulate Matter 

In addition to above pollutants, unburnt products like aldehydes, formaldehydes, acrolein, 

acetaldehyde and smoke would also be emitted from petrol and diesel operated vehicles. The 

concentration of these pollutants in the engine exhaust varies with the type of engine namely, spark 

ignition (petrol engine) or compression ignition (diesel engine) two stroke or four stroke engines; 

and also mode of engine operation. Table 4.2 gives the emission factor of various major pollutants 

from petrol (SI), diesel (CI) and CNG engines. 

Diesel exhaust concentration of hydrocarbons is more than that of SI engine exhaust. Carbon 

monoxide concentrations in diesel engine exhaust is negligible to that of SI engines. Concentration 

of oxides of nitrogen is more in diesel exhaust. Thus diesel engine exhaust contains lower 

concentrations of harmful pollutants like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and therefore, it is less 

hazardous. Table 4.3 summarises the comparative emissions from CNG and Diesel engines. From 

this table it could be concluded that CO, NOx and PM are about 45 to 300% higher in diesel 

vehicles than CNG vehicles. 

Sulphur Dioxide 

The oxides of sulphur (SOx) occur in ambient air to a large extent as primary specific pollutants in 

the form of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide(SO3) under ambient conditions. It has been 

observed that the percentage of SO2 existing in ambient air may be more than 95 percent, while the 

remaining 5 per cent or less of SOx may be in the form of sulphur trioxide. The major atmospheric 

man-made sources of SO2 are burning of fossil fuels in stationary combustion and industrial 

processes, viz. petroleum, chemical, metallurgical and mineral industries, domestic emissions and 

fires, while the natural sources are volcanoes, geothermal activity, bacterial decomposition of 

organic matter, forest fires, etc. These sources are described in the Figure 4.3. 

57



The record shows that over the last few years, the levels of SO 2 have drastically come down 

in the ambient air of Delhi. Annual mean SO 2 levels were observed as 18.03 µg/m 3 , 14.1 µg/m 3 , 

11.3 µg/m 3 in the year 2000, 2001 and 2002 respectively. SO 2 levels decreased by 21.8 % & 19.6 

% in the year 2001 & 2002 respectively. The annual mean SO 2 levels in Delhi satisfy the annual 

average of National Ambient Air quality Standards for residential areas, which is 60 µg/m 3 . 

Nitrogen Dioxide 

The nitrogen oxides exist in ambient air in various forms viz. nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide 

(NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen trioxide (NO3), nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and nitrogen 

sesquioxide (N2O5). However, only nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide that exist freely in air are 

important as air pollutants. Generally, the atmospheric concentration of nitric oxide and nitrogen 

dioxide are clubbed together and reported as oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The nitric oxide (NO) in 

ambient environment is less stable and rapidly gets converted to nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen 

dioxide is considered to be important from the view point of pollution and smog formation, 

primarily because of its photo-dissipation effect into ozone and oxidation products of hydrocarbons, 

wherever the unburnt hydrocarbon exists in atmospheric air. Sources of oxides of nitrogen are 

presented in Figure 4.4. 

The figure shows the annual average values of NO2 observed during last six years. Despite, an 

increase in the number of vehicles from 1997 to 2002, the NO2 levels have shown an increase from 

41.7 to 47.2 µg / m 3 which is not very significant. The annual mean of NO2 levels in Delhi is well 

within the annual average of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential areas, which is 

60 µg/ m 3 . 

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) 

The airborne particles or particulate matter (PM) can be solid or comprising liquid droplets of 

diameter ranging between 0.002 to 500 micron having a life time in suspension varying from few 

seconds to several months. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) are the particles/aerosols 

having diameter less than 100 micron that tend to remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long 

period of time. The particles may be directly emitted into the atmosphere. The sources of PM, SPM 

and RSPM/PM10 are given in Figure 4.5. 

The figure shows that SPM levels have increased from 363 to 456 µg/ m 3 between 1997 to 2002. 

But, SPM levels reduced by 11.4% in the year 2001 and increased again to 19.4 % in the year 2002. 

This could be attributed to the adverse meteorological conditions in 2002. 

58



Table 4.2 

Table 4.3 

59



FIGURE 4.3: SO2 SOURCES IN AMBIENT AIR 

60



FIGURE 4.4: NOx SOURCES IN AMBIENT AIR 

61



FIGURE 4.5: SPM SOURCES IN AMBIENT AIR 

Respirable particulate matter (RSPM) or PM10 

62



The figure shows the annual average of RSPM levels over the city. It is clear that RSPM 

levels have reduced to 21.4 % in the year 2001 and remained almost constant in the year 2002 as 

compared to year 2000. The increase could be due to adverse meteorological conditions in 2002. 

Carbon Monoxide (CO) 

The annual average CO levels as shown in the figure indicate constant reduction of CO levels at 

ITO intersection. The observed concentration of CO came down from 4183 µg/m 3 in Year 2001 to 

3258 µg/ m 3 in Year 2002. This could be attributed to the stringent vehicular emission norms, fuel 

quality up-gradation and development of better engines. Though the annual average levels of 

Carbon Monoxide continue to be above the danger mark of 2,000 µg / m 3 , there has been a gradual 

decline. 

4.5.2 Ambient Air Quality Survey 

The existing ambient air quality in the core zone (local and immediate vicinity) of the proposed 

project site has been assessed during summer 2006 through a network of four ambient air quality 

stations. The prime objectives were to establish existing local background levels and baseline air 

pollution status. The ambient air quality monitoring network has been designed keeping in view the 

available predominant wind direction and wind speed in the project area. One station was kept at 

the centre and the other three at about 120 o direction apart. The sources of air pollution in the 

project area are mainly vehicular traffic, construction activities, and general human activities. 

The following points were also taken into consideration in designing the network of sampling 

stations: 

• Locations with increasing mixed residential and commercial development within the study 

area. 

• Locations near Schools, hospitals and other sensitive areas within the study area. 

• Locations which are representative of land-use categories. 

• Representation of cross sectional distribution in downward direction. 

• Locations where the baseline ambient air quality are established such that it can be 

resurveyed in the future to monitor changes in the ambient environment. 

• Locations within the project area with the least interference of anthropological activities. 

63



The existing Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) status has been monitored for SPM, RPM, SO 2 , 

NOX and CO representing the criteria pollutants. SPM & RPM at each station has been monitored 

on 24 hourly basis and CO on 8 hourly basis. Pre calibrated high volume samplers have been used 

for monitoring of the existing AAQ status. The Respirable particulate matter (RPM) was separated 

through cyclone and measured by gravimetric method similar to SPM. SO 2 and NOx were analyzed 

by Colorimetric method. 

Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were, as per the approved methods of Central 

Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Maximum, minimum, average and percentile values have been 

computed from the raw data collected at all individual sampling stations to represent the ambient 

air quality status of the study area. 

4.5.3 Analysis of Baseline Concentrations 

The details about sampling locations identified during study period are presented in Table 4.4. The 

locations have been identified keeping in view predominant wind direction prevailing during study 

period, sensitivity, human settlement, construction activities, traffic concentration, and others. 

The results of ambient air quality within the study area monitored between March and May 2006 

are presented in Table 4.5. And percentile distribution of SPM, RPM, SO 2 and NOx are presented 

in Table 4.6. The average concentration of SPM, RPM, SO 2 , CO, and NOx monitored during the 

study period were found to be less than NAAQS prescribed for residential areas at most of the 

locations. 

• Suspended Particulate Matter - SPM 

Suspended particulate matter monitored in the study area showed 98 th percentile values in the 

range of 172 – 195 µg/m 3 . The highest value of SPM level (215 µg/m 3 ) was observed at AAQ4 

station. The average SPM concentration at all the four locations is well within the limit 

prescribed for residential areas. 

• Respirable Particulate Matter - RPM 

RPM values monitored at 4 locations showed 98 th percentile values in the range of 60 – 76 

µg/m 3 . Highest value of 81 µg/m 3 was recorded at AAQ3 station. However, the average values 

at most of the locations are well within the limits for residential areas. 

• Sulphur dioxide - SO 2 

64



98 th percentile value of Sulphur dioxide in the study area from the monitored data was in 

the range of 9 – 13 µg/m 3 . Maximum value of sulphur dioxide of 16 µg/m 3 obtained near the 

sampling location AAQ4. The values of SO 2 monitored in the study area are well within the 

limits of NAAQ standards for residential as well as sensitive areas. 

• Oxides of Nitrogen – NOx 

Ambient air quality status monitored for nitrogen oxides in the study area were in the range 

with 98 th percentile values between 19 – 22 µg/m 3 . A maximum value of 25 µg/m 3 was 

prevailing at the time of sampling at AAQ2. The values of NOx monitored in the study area are 

well within the limits of NAAQ standards for residential as well as sensitive areas. 

• Carbon Monoxide - CO 

CO concentration at all the locations was found to be less than 1 ppm. 

Table 4.4 

Sampling Locations for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 

S. No. Station 

Code 

LOCATION 

DIRECTIO 

N 

DISTANCE 

(Km) 

w.r.t. proposed project site 

1. AAQ1 Project site - - 

2. AAQ2 Near DDA Flats, Sector 

16B, Pkt 3C, Phase II 

3. AAQ3 Near DDA MIG, Sector 17, 

Plot A, Phase II 

W 

S 

0.5 km 

0.7 km 

4. AAQ4 Near Metro View 

Apartments, SFS Flats, 

Sector 13, Pkt B, Phase II 

NE 

1 km 

65



Table 4.5 

Ambient Air Quality Results (March – May 2006) 

S. No. Station 

Code 

Location 

AVERAGE CONCENTRATION (µg/m 3 ) 

RPM SPM SO 2 NO X CO 

(ppm) 

1. AAQ1 Project Site 55 164 12 18 < 1 

2. AAQ2 Near DDA Flats, 

Sector 16B, Pkt 3C, 

Phase II 

70 185 11 22 < 1 

3. AAQ3 Near DDA MIG, 

Sector 17, Plot A, 

Phase II 

68 180 10 20 < 1 

4. AAQ4 Near Metro View 

Apartments, SFS 

Flats, Sector 13, Pkt 

B, Phase II 

75 205 14 22 < 1 

CPCB Standards 

Residential Area 100 200 80 80 2000 

Sensitive Area 75 100 30 30 1000 

Table 4.6 

Statistical Analysis of Ambient Air Quality Results 

Parameters Unit AAQMS Mes Min Max AM P 98 

66



RPM µg/m 3 AAQ1 20 50 64 55 60 

AAQ2 20 62 78 70 73 

AAQ3 20 60 78 68 72 

AAQ4 20 67 81 75 76 

SPM µg/m 3 AAQ1 20 158 174 164 172 

AAQ2 20 170 190 185 180 

AAQ3 20 165 192 180 182 

AAQ4 20 176 215 205 195 

SO 2 µg/m 3 AAQ1 20 9 14 12 11 

AAQ2 20 10 15 11 10 

AAQ3 20 8 12 10 9 

AAQ4 20 11 16 14 13 

NOx µg/m 3 AAQ1 20 15 22 18 21 

AAQ2 20 18 25 22 22 

AAQ3 20 17 22 20 19 

AAQ4 20 19 24 22 20 

AAQMS 

Mes 

AM 

P 98 

- Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station 

- Number of Measurements 

- Arithmetic Mean 

- 98 th Percentile Value 

4.6 Noise Environment 

Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness 

distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is 

67



the A weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 

20 to 20,000 Hz. 

The acoustical environment varies dynamically in magnitude and character through out most 

communities. The noise level variation can be temporal, spectral and spatial. The residential noise 

level is that level below which the ambient noise does not seem to dropdown during the given 

interval of time and is generally characterised by unidentified sources. Ambient noise level is 

characterised by significant variations above a base or a residential noise level. The maximum 

impact of noise is felt on urban areas, which is mostly due to the commercial activities and 

vehicular movement during peak hours of the day. 

Measured noise levels displayed as a function of time provides a useful scheme for describing the 

acoustical climate of a community. Noise levels recorded at each station with a time interval of 

about 30 minutes are computed for equivalent noise levels (L eq ). Equivalent noise level is a single 

number descriptor for describing time varying noise levels. 

L eq is the equivalent continuous sound level that is equivalent to the same sound energy as the 

actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise 

source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following: 

L day is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 

pm). 

L night is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 

6 am). 

A noise rating developed by Environment Protection Agency, USEPA for specification of 

community noise from all the sources is the Day-Night Sound Level, L dn . 

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day- Night Sound Level 

(L dn ). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 

am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 

hr average. 

L eq = 10 log 1/T N i=1 Ti (10) Li/10 

Where, T = total time of sampling, 

Ti = Time duration of ith phase 

N = Number of phases 

Li = L eq for the ith phase 

This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually 

sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time. 

68



The L dn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly L eq , by the 

following equation. 

L dn = 10 log {1/24[16(10 L day /10) + 8 x 10(L night +10)/10)]} 

Where, L day is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and 

L night is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am). 

In order to assess the ambient noise levels in the study area, monitoring was carried out at five 

different locations within the core zone of the study area. Noise levels were recorded at each station 

with a time interval of 5 minutes for about 30 minutes in each hour and were computed for 

equivalent noise levels for day-equivalent, night equivalent and day-night equivalent. 

Noise levels were monitored using sound level meter (CYGNET Model – 2013) for the study area. 

The details of sampling locations are presented in Table 4.7 along with data on the observed noise 

levels and noise equivalent levels. It is observed that noise equivalent levels of study area in the 

core zone varied in the range 50 - 53 dB (A) in the day time and 43 – 46 dB (A) in the night time. 

These observations indicate that the ambient noise levels within the core impact zone comply with 

prescribed standards for residential area. At the proposed project site, the values are also within the 

prescribed standards for residential and commercial area. 

Table 4.7 

Equivalent Noise Levels in the Study Area (Core Zone) 

Station 

Code 

Locations 

L day 

dB (A) 

L night 

dB (A) 

L dn 

dB (A) 

N1 Project Site 50 45 47 

N2 Near DDA Flats, Sector 16B, 

Pkt 3C, Phase II 

N3 Near DDA MIG, Sector 17, 

Plot A, Phase II 

N4 

Near Metro View 

Apartments, SFS Flats, Sector 

13, Pkt B, Phase II 

N5 Near DDA Park, Sector 13, 

Phase II 

51 44 48 

53 45 49 

53 46 50 

52 43 47 

CPCB standards for Residential Area: 55 45 

CPCB standards for Commercial Area: 65 55 

CPCB standards for Sensitive Zone: 50 40 

Note: 

69



• Day Time is from 6.00 am to 10.00 pm, Night time is 10.00 pm to 6.00 am 

• Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational 

institutions and courts. Use of vehicle horns, loud speakers and bursting of crackers are 

banned in these zones. 

4.7 Water Environment 

The study area, a part of South West District of Delhi, receives about 81.2% of the annual rainfall 

during the monsoon months June to September. On an average, rain of 2.5 mm or more falls on 

38.3 days in a year in this region of Delhi. The annual average rainfall is about 792.8 mm based on 

22 years of data (Source: IMD). 

4.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology 

Delhi is situated on the banks of the river Yamuna. The river Yamuna flows from north to south. A 

hard rocky ridge running from the Southern border of NCT in the south west in a north easterly 

direction to the western banks of the river Yamuna near Wazirabad barrage forms the main 

watershed in NCT of Delhi. The topography created a drainage system that carries rain and storm 

water from the higher elevations of the West to the Yamuna. The eastern low-lying side was 

originally part of the flood plain of the river and considered unhabitable. Today however this 

Eastern wing, also known as the Trans Yamuna area, houses about 23% of the total population of 

Delhi. 

The hydro geological situation is characterized by the occurrence of alluvial and hard rock 

formations and controls the groundwater availability in the territory. The quality of the groundwater 

in the hard rock formation in Delhi is generally potable, whereas in the alluvial formation 

groundwater, the water quality deteriorates with depth. Hard rock formation is found to be in North 

East – South West to North North East – South South West with steep dips towards South East and 

East. During 1960 – 2001, ground water levels were observed to have declined by 2 – 6 m in most 

parts of the alluvium areas. A decline of 8 – 20 m is recorded in Najafgarh Block and in Mehrauli 

Block the decline is 8 – 35 m. 

Dwarka is located in the western part of the NCT Delhi, on older alluvial plains. Dwarka’s 

hydrology is characterized by the proximity of the Najafgarh Drain which forms the western limit 

of the sub-city, and constitutes an important source of groundwater recharge. In the Dwarka clay 

and kankar formation exists in the top layer upto a depth of 4m below ground level. This layer of 

clay is followed by kankar and silt upto a depth of 68 m below ground level. The thickness of the 

70



alluvium is about 300 m in the area and potential aquifers can be found at depths up to 240 

meters below ground level (Figure 4.6). 

As shown in Figure 4.7, the western part of NCT shows a rapid decline in water levels due to 

tapping of groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. The depth of water tables increases from 

5m to 12 m as we move away from the drain. A comparative study of water level map of 1960 and 

2002 shows in Dwarka the water level which was at 2 to 5m below ground level has gone down to 

5 to 10 mts below ground water level. There are number of deep tubewells in the area producing 

about 25,000 – 30,000 m 3 /day. The potable quality of water is mostly available at the depth of 15- 

20 meters below ground level. 

The main problem in Dwarka, as far as groundwater resources are concerned is the occurrence of 

brackish and saline water in the deeper aquifers. In the Northern part of Dwarka, salinity occurs at 

all levels (Figure 4.8). High concentrations of fluoride have also been found in samples collected 

by the Central Ground Water Board. According to the calculation of the Central Ground Water 

Board, the total reserve of potable water is limited to 16 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) 2 . The 

requirement of the current population is considered to be 28 Million Liters per Day (MLD), for an 

available supply of 12 MLD. The annual gap represents 16 MLD (around 6 MCM). 

South Western district of Delhi are comparatively at a disadvantage situation in terms of providing 

piped water supply, as the water treatment plants are located in northern part of Delhi. The 

government is able to supply only 74 lpcd (litres per capita per day). The demand and supply gap in 

this district keeps on increasing high because of large scale development in the residential sector. 

To meet this demand supply gap, a new water treatment plant is being proposed which will reduce 

the dependency on the ground water fro potable purpose. 

71



Figure 4.6: Thickness of Alluvium Map 

72



Figure 4.7: Decline in Water Table Levels Map 

73



Figure 4.8: Groundwater Salinity Map 

74



4.7.2 Drainage Pattern 

Drainage has two aspects – flood protection and storm water discharge, which are interrelated. The 

storm water and flood protection in Delhi are not local but have regional bearing including areas of 

Haryana and Rajasthan. The main drainage system of Delhi is such that all water collected through 

main drains, link drains and small rivulets is discharged into Yamuna. On the basis of topographical 

characteristics and existing drainage network, NCT of Delhi has been divided into five drainage 

basins namely Najafgarh, Alipur, Shahdara, Khushak nallah and Mehrauli. The major portion of 

NCT – Delhi is being drained by Najafgarh drain leading to Yamuna River. Most of these drains 

mainly carry the urban sewage and industrial effluents. Figure 4.9 shows the drainage system in 

NCT Delhi. The relief and soil conditions cause localized stagnation during rainy season. During 

high rains and high floods in Yamuna River, the drainage system becomes ineffective as the outlets 

of rainwater blocked. 

There is a natural surface storm water drain close to the proposed project site. This carries the 

discharge to the Najafgarh drain. The wastewater is normally carried away by the sewer lines which 

exist in the project area. 

4.7.3 Ground Water Quality 

Assessment of baseline data on water environment includes: 

• Identification of ground water sources 

• Collection of water samples 

• Analyzing water samples collected for physico – chemical and biological parameters 

Assessment of water quality in the study area was done to assess the parameters as per the Indian 

standard IS 10500 (drinking water standard). Four ground water samples from borewells / 

tubewells from various locations in and around the proposed project site within the core zone were 

collected during summer season 2006 for assessment of the physico – chemical quality. 

75



Figure 4.9: Sewerage and Drainage Zones Map of Delhi 

76



The locations of water sampling are listed in Table 4.8. Methodologies adopted for sampling 

and analysis were according to the IS methods. Field parameters such as pH, Temperature and 

Dissolved Oxygen were monitored at site. The parameters thus analyzed were compared with IS 

10500. 

The physicochemical characteristics of ground water samples collected from various locations are 

summarized in Table 4.9. The overall ground water showed most of the parameters within 

permissible values as specified in IS 10500. The quality of ground water is slightly alkaline with 

pH ranging between 7.2 to 7.8, chloride content ranges between 400 and 525 mg/l. The fluoride 

content was found to be in the range 0.45 – 0.79 and iron concentration 0.05 – 0.19. Annexure 6 

gives the drinking water standards and probable effects of human health as per IS 10500. 

Table 4.8 

Sampling Locations for Ground Water Quality Monitoring 

S. 

No. 

Sample 

Code 

Sampling Locations Direction Type of Source 

1 GW1 Near Project Site - Borewell 

2 GW2 DDA Flats, Sector 16B, Pkt 

3C, Phase II 

3 GW3 DDA MIG, Sector 17, Plot 

A, Phase II 

4 GW4 Near DDA Park, Sector 13, 

Phase II 

W 

S 

E 

Borewell 

Borewell 

Borewell 

Table 4.9 

Ground Water Quality Results 

77



Sr. 

No 

Parameters 

Concentration 

AS Per IS 

10500-1991 

(Desirable) 

GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 

Physical Parameters 

1. pH 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.8 6.5-8.5 

2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 950 964 1220 1444 500 

Inorganic Parameters 

4 Alkalinity 232 220 254 200 200 

5 Chlorides as Cl 447 400 525 500 250 

6 Sulphate as SO 4 335 300 340 355 200 

7 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 510 550 680 620 300 

8 Calcium as Ca 80 65 82 79 75 

9 Magnesium as Mg 20 18 22 18 30 

10 Fluoride as F 0.60 0.79 0.45 0.50 1.0 

Nutrients 

11 Nitrate as NO 3 45 55 67 76 45 

Metals 

12 Iron as Fe 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.19 0.3 

13 Lead as Pb ND ND ND ND 0.05 

14 Mercury as Hg ND ND ND ND 0.001 

15 Arsenic as As ND ND ND ND 0.05 

16 Chromium as Cr 6+ ND ND ND ND 0.05 

Note: All analytical results are in mg/lit except pH 

4.8 Land Environment 

78



4.8.1 Seismic Stability 

The project area falls in Zone-IV of Seismic Zoning 

Map of India (Figure 4.10). Delhi region shows 

active and prolonged seismic history. Earthquakes 

of 3 to 6.7 magnitude on Richter scale have 

occurred in past around Delhi. The most active area 

of the region is considered to be the trijunction of 

the Delhi-Hardwar ridge, Lahore-Delhi ridge and 

axis of Delhi folding. Most of the shocks are 

interpreted to have shallow focus and have locations 

to the West of Delhi. Maximum concentrations of 

the earthquakes epicentre have been around 

Sonepat, Rohtak and Gurgaon region and the 

tectonic elements of the area are considered capable 

of generating an earthquake of magnitude 7 on Richter scale. The seismic factors have been 

appropriately incorporated in the civil designs for the proposed integrated complex. 

4.8.2 Geology 

The geological formations of the NCT Delhi date from the proterozoic to the Quarternary ages. The 

generalized succession of the rock formations reported are the Quaternary era represented by recent 

soils, alluvium, blow sand and nodular limestone; Pegamites and the basic intrusives belonging to 

post Delhi intrusives; and the Alwar quartzites of the Delhi system. The area is a part of the Indo- 

Gangetic plain. Figure 4.11 shows the geological map of NCT - Delhi. 

The greatest part of Delhi lies in the alluvium, but the small hills and ridges in and around New 

Delhi consist of Alwar quartzites. Delhi area is occupied by quartzites interbedded with mica schist 

belonging to the Delhi Super Group, unconformably overlain by unconsolidated Quaternary to 

recent sediments. The quartzites are grey to brownish grey, massive to thinly bedded and 

structurally form a coaxially refolded regional antiform plunging towards southwest. The major 

planar structure strikes NE-SW with steep southeasterly dips. These quartzites occur in the central 

and southern part of the area while the Quaternary sediments comprising older and newer alluvium 

cover the rest of the area. The older alluvium comprises silt, clay with minor lenticular fine sand 

and kankar beds. The newer alluvium mainly consists of unoxidised sands, silt and clay occurring 

in the older and active flood plains of Yamuna river. The thickness of the alluvium, both on the 

eastern and western side of the ridge, is variable, but it is generally larger to the West of the ridge. 

The project area is located in the western part of the NCT Delhi, on older alluvial plains. They are 

mostly covered with quaternary sediments belonging to mainly older alluvium soil. These older 

79



alluvium consists of a polycyclic sequence of sand, silt and clay with frequent kankar 

disseminations. 

4.8.3 Land Use Pattern 

The land use distribution of Dwarka follows a distinct hierarchical pattern from sub-city level to 

sector level. The land use distribution of the area is as follows: 

• Gross Residential - 48.54% 

• Commercial - 7.05% 

• Government - 0.94% 

• Public / Semi-Public - 6.20% 

• Recreational - 19.94% 

• Transport - 14.33% 

• Utilities - 3.00% 

Figure 4.12 shows the land use distribution of Dwarka. The project site lies in the Public / Semipublic 

land use category of the project area. The adjoining lands to the project site are essentially 

80



Figure 4.11: Geological Map of NCT Delhi 

81



Figure 4.12: Land Use Distribution Map of Dwarka 

82



institutional. Within 1 Km radius of the proposed project site, many residential apartments 

also exist. As there is requirement of substantial residential accommodation for the National Law 

School as well as for the Delhi Judicial Academy, the Ministry of Urban Development after the 

recommendation by DDA has issued a gazette notification to bifurcate the project site with 

different land uses, namely Institutional and Residential. No agricultural and industrial areas exist 

within the core zone of the proposed project site. The proposed project site is designated for the 

intended purpose and the necessary change in the land use of the plot area measuring 23,180 sq. 

meters (5.72 acres) has already been effected by converting it to land use for residential use from 

land use for Government use in MPD-2001. 

4.8.4 Soil Quality 

The soils of the Delhi area are mostly light with subordinate amount of medium texture soils. The 

light texture soils are represented by sandy, loamy, sand and sandy loam; whereas medium texture 

soils are represented by loam silty loam. 

Four locations within the core zone of the proposed project site have been identified for collection 

of soil samples. The sampling locations, their distances and bearing from the proposed site are 

listed in Table 4.10. Data collected for chemical characteristics of soils through select parameters 

viz. pH, EC, soluble anions, cation and cation exchange capacity are presented in Table 4.11. 

pH is an important parameter indicative of alkaline or acidic nature of soil. It greatly affects the 

microbial population as well as solubility of metal ions and regulates nutrient availability. 

Variations in the pH of the soil in the study area are found to be 7.1 to 7.9 thus conducive for 

growth of plant. 

Electrical conductivity, a measure of soluble salt in the soil is in the range of 0.25 to 0.38. The 

important cations in the soil are calcium and magnesium. It is observed that calcium and 

magnesium concentrations are in the ranges 0.42 to 0.56% and 0.39 to 0.65% respectively. 

Chlorides are in the range of 0.008 to 0.012%. Variation in CEC of the study area was found in the 

range of 35.7 - 46.2 meq/100g. The relationship of CEC with productivity and absorptivity is 

shown in Table 4.12 and Table 4.13. 

Fertility status of soil is presented in Table 4.14. Organic matter present in soil influences its 

physical and chemical properties of soil and is responsible for stability of soil aggregates. Organic 

matter of soil is found in the range 0.59 % to 0.75 % showed moderate fertility of the soil. The 

presence of organic matter enhances the metabolic activities of soil affecting the nitrogen and 

potash content of soil. The fertility status in respect of Nitrogen, P 2 O 5 & K 2 O shows Moderate 

level of fertility, which indicates the supplementations of these fertilizers are required. This shows 

that soil is moderately fertile in organic and nutrient content. 

83



Table 4.10 

Locations for Collection of Soil Samples 

S. 

No. 

Sampling Locations Bearing Aerial 

Distance 

(Km) 

With Respect to project site 

1. Project site (S1) - - 

2. Near DDA Flats, Sector 16B, Pkt 

3C, Phase II 

3. Near DDA MIG, Sector 17, Plot A, 

Phase II 

W 

S 

0.5 km 

0.7 km 

4. DDA Park, Sector 13, Phase II E 0.7 km 

Table 4.11 

Chemical Characteristics of Soil in Study Area 

S. 

No. 

Location pH EC 

(µmhos) 

Org. C Cl SO 4 Ca Mg 

1. S1 7.5 0.38 0.84 0.012 0.007 0.42 0.44 46.2 

2. S2 7.9 0.32 0.45 0.010 0.005 0.48 0.39 40.7 

3. S3 7.6 0.30 0.32 0.008 0.004 0.53 0.65 39.2 

4. S4 7.1 0.25 0.42 0.008 0.003 0.56 0.39 35.7 

% 

CEC 

meq. 

/100gm 

Table 4.12 

Relationship of CEC with Productivity 

S. No. CEC Range 

(meq/100g) 

Productivity 

1. < 10 Very Low - 

2. 10 – 20 Low - 

Location 

(S. No.) 

3. 20 – 50 Moderate All locations 

4. > 50 High - 

84



Table 4.13 

Relationship of CEC with Absorptivity 

S. No. CEC Range 

(meq/100g) 

Absorptivity 

1. 0.75 > 560 > 57 > 337 

4.9 Biological Environment 

4.9.1 Vegetation Pattern 

Delhi has 111 sq. km of forest cover and 40 sq. km. of tree cover against the geographical area of 

1483 sq. km, representing only 10.2% of total land area of the city. The green cover is not 

uniformly distributed in Delhi as some parts have considerable greenery than the others. The New 

Delhi and South Districts are much greener compared to other Districts. 

85



The forest area in South West Delhi is 30.09 sq. km against the geographical area of 420.54 

sq. km, representing 7.16% of forest cover. There are 3city forests being developed and managed in 

South West Delhi by Forest Department. These are - Nasirpur City Forest, Mitraon City Forest, and 

Ghumenhera City Forests. There are MP green areas also in the project area which represents as 

protected forest under DDA and L&DO. 

The flora of Delhi comprises nearly 1,000 species of flowering plants belonging to some 120 

families. Sixty per cent of the species are either indigenous or naturalized and the remaining 

introduced. More than 50 percent of the indigenous flora represents the tropical species. Nearly 

eight percent is from tropical Africa less than 50 percent from the New World, and two per cent 

from the temperate region. 

As a consequence of urbanization, much of the naturally existing vegetation has been cleared over 

the years. The city level forests, the Ridge, the protected and reserved forests have surviving 

pockets of natural vegetation in Delhi. The other open spaces are an admixture of indigenous and 

exotic species project. 

The lists of tree species observed in the project area are given in Table 4.15. Among the city’s 

residential area, the ones in the area are amply dotted with trees and shrubs. These data on flora was 

collected and collated from the information available with the forest department. No forest cover / 

reserved forest exist in the core zone of the proposed project site. The area is covered by roadside 

plantations, private and public gardens as well as plantations done by the institutions and housing 

colonies. 

4.9.2 Fauna 

There is no unique faunal community within the core and buffer zone of the project area, except 

most common ones like toad, frog, crow, sparrow and maina etc. The species observed in the 

project area are given in Table 4.16. 

86



Table 4.15 

List of Tree Species in the Study Area 

S.No. 

Common 

Name 

Botanical name 

1 Neem Azadirachta indica 

2 Amaltas Cassia – fistula 

3 Jamun Eugenia jambolana 

4 Peepal Ficus – religiosa 

5 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 

6 Gulmohur Dalbergia – sisoo 

7 Sausage tree Kigelia pinnata 

8 Cachnar Bauhinia purpurea 

9 Indian coral tree Erythrina indica 

10 Siris Albizzia lebbeck 

11 Shatoot Morus Alba 

12 Jacaranda Jacaranda imosfolia 

13 Silk cotton Salmalia malabarica 

14 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus 

15 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo 

16 Maulsiri Mimusops elengi 

17 Semal Bombax ceiba 

Table 4.16 

List of Faunal Species in the Study Area 

87



S.No. 

Common Name 

Zoological name 

1 Toad Bufo sp. 

2 Frog Rana tigrina 

3 Indian green lizards Calotes versicolor 

4 House lizards Hemidactylus sp. 

5 Indian palm squirrel Fumambulus pennanti 

6 Cat Felis sp. 

7 Dog Cuon sp. 

8 Cow Bos sp. 

9 Rat Rattus rattus 

10 Crow Corves splendens 

11 Horse Equs sp. 

12 Sparrow Passer domesticus 

13 Baya Ploceus philippinus 

14 Parrot Psittacula krameri 

15 Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus 

16 Myna Acridotheres tristis 

4.10 Socio – Economic Environment 

Socio-economic and cultural impacts arising from project construction and environmental 

transformation are rooted in the complex interactivity between social and biophysical 

environments. Human communities are integral components of their environment as well as 

potential agents for environmental change. Hence environmental changes in settled areas are often 

88



profoundly interlinked with subsequent changes that occur within society. The 

transformation of environmental parameters can generate dynamic social impacts, which alter 

economic and cultural relations between individuals and the community, as well as between the 

social infrastructure and social institutions at large. In turn, these may induce long term changes in 

the socio-cultural and economic organisation of human communities and prevailing modes of life 

and activity, eventually transforming the ethical values, cultural belief-systems and social norms 

that define group behaviour. The social consequences of environmental change are principally 

manifested in three forms: 

Demographic impacts which relate changes in population characteristics such as settlement density, 

gender ratios, literacy rate, Occupational information etc., to resultant increases in the 

infrastructural need for housing, state healthcare, education and welfare services, as well as to 

alterations in the patterns of resource-use and the organisation of productive activity visible in 

indicators like land use transformation and the changing occupational structure. 

Cultural impacts, involving modification of ethno-cultural structures, their historic and 

archaeological artefacts and their ethno-religious connotations as the result of the development of 

new communities and the migration of cultures. 

Socio-cultural impacts, involving long term restructuring of the social organisation and its social 

institutions as a result of the definition of new individual and community roles within it, as well as 

changes in cultural beliefs and values around it. During the EIA process, spatial prediction of the 

limits and extent of these impacts are preceded by meticulous compilation of baseline information 

from existing documentary sources, and by qualitative assessment of current socio-dynamic trends 

from other data assembled on field. 

4.10.1 Demographic Structure of the Study Area 

After independence, Sixth Population Census was undertaken in the entire area of NCT of Delhi 

from 9 th February to 28 th February 2001 with a revisional round from 1 st to 5 th March, 2001. As 

such, the population of Delhi as on 1st March 2001 has been worked out at 13.85 millions as 

against 9.42 millions as on 1st March 1991. This reflects decennial growth of 47.02% of population 

after 1991census. The corresponding percentage at All-India level has been worked out at 21.34%. 

The total population of Delhi is 1.34% of the All-India Population. 

The total area of NCT of Delhi is 1483 sq. km with an urban segment of 685.34 sq. km in the year 

1991. Urban population grew at 51.53% from 1991-2001 as compared to 46.89% during 1981- 

1991. Comparing this with rural population growth of only 1.69% during 1991-2001. The density 

of the population also increased to 9294 persons per sq. km (the highest in the country) in the year 

2001 against 6352 persons per sq. km in 1991. 

89



Delhi was considered as a single district for Population Census 1991. In 1996, Government 

of NCT of Delhi through a Gazette notification created 9 districts and 27 sub-divisions. Population 

Census 2001 was conducted in Delhi in each of 9 districts and 27 Sub-divisions. 

Comparison of socio-economic attributes of the study area (South West District) and NCT of Delhi 

is given in Table 4.17. 

Table 4.17 

Demographic Structure of the Study Area 

PARTICULARS 

STUDY AREA 

(SOUTH WEST DISTRICT) 

NCT OF DELHI 

Area - 1483 sq. km 

Population (in 2001) 17,49,492 1,38,50,507 

% of total Population of state 

(in 2001) 

Sex Ratio (No. of females per 

thousand males) 

12.63 100 

790 821 

Population Density 9,050 9,340 

Literacy Rate 83.63 

(Males – 89.53 and Females – 

Rural – Urban Ratio 

Literacy Rate in Rural and 

Urban 

Source: Census Data 2001 

76.00) 

17,49,492 (Persons) 

223688 (Rural) 

1525804 (Urban) 

83.63 

80.48 (Rural) 

84.09 (Urban) 

81.67 

(Males – 87.33 and Females – 

74.71) 

13850507 (Persons) 

944727 (Rural) 

12905780 (Urban) 

81.67 

78.05 (Rural) 

82.00 (Urban) 

4.10.2 Physical Infrastructure Resource Base 

Physical Infrastructure resource base of the project area with reference to water supply, power 

supply, sewerage, and solid waste is briefly described below: 

• Water Supply: 

The municipal water supply and storage infrastructure exists in the project area. As shown in 

Figure 4.13, the quantity of piped water supplied to the places in study area is on the lower side as 

90



compared to many other places in Delhi. As a consequence, households and businesses have 

had to resort to exploiting ground water resources. In summer season, the demand is also met 

through water tankers. However, it is expected that the piped water supply in the study area will be 

augmented in the near future as a result of functioning of 80 MGD new water treatment plant 

(Figure 4.14). The proposed project is also dependent on meeting its 60% of total water demand 

through municipal supply. 

• Sewerage: 

The project area is served by both open surface storm water drain and closed municipal sewerage 

drains. Most of the domestic sewage generated in the project area is carried away by the municipal 

drain and discharged into the sewage treatment plant. The open surface storm water drain lies very 

close to the proposed project site. However, the project will construct a decentralized sewage 

treatment plant within its own complex to reduce the burden of discharge in the municipal drain 

and at the same time to reuse the treated water within the complex. Some portion of the unutilized 

treated water might find its way to the drain. 

• Solid Waste: 

Municipal solid waste collection and disposal infrastructure exists in the project area. Figure 4.15 

shows the municipal waste disposal sites that exist in Delhi. It is expected that the project area will 

see further improvement in the solid waste management in the near future with the operation of the 

proposed waste disposal sites. 

• Power Supply: 

Power supply network infrastructure adequately exists in the project area. Although the gap in the 

demand and supply fluctuates in different period of the year, the situation will improve in the near 

future. Delhi has already initiated the reforms measures in the power sector and is moving towards 

the path of energy sufficiency. Although the proposed project will provide the in-house power back 

up facilities, the improved network supply situation will reduce the dependency on the in-house 

generators and hence reduce the associated pollution issues associated with their operation. 

4.10.3 Education 

Education is an essential element of human development. It plays a major role in improving 

economic opportunities for people and enhancing their quality of life by building capabilities, 

enhancing skill levels and providing more productive employment. 

The project area is well placed in having adequate infrastructure facilities for education. Number of 

pre-primary, primary, middle, secondary and senior secondary schools exists in the area. Over the 

91



past decade, the project area has grown as a potential site for the development of educational 

institutions. Some of the renowned schools like Delhi Public School, Modern Convent School, 

N.K. Bagrodia School, Bal Bharati School, St. Mary, Bal Bhavan International, DAV, Mary 

School, ITL Public School, Venkateshwar etc. exist in the area. 

In Delhi, the per capita expenditure on education (including Sports, and Art & Culture) is Rs 

926.83 in 2003-04 which is far above the national level of Rs 749.29. With the increase in demand, 

more growth in educational infrastructure will likely to come up in the project area. 

4.10.4 Health 

The project area is in advantageous position in terms of healthcare infrastructure. There exists many 

general / intermediate hospitals, polyclinics, nursing homes in the area. Many more government 

and private healthcare facilities are being developed in the project area. 

4.10.5 Economic Aspects 

The project area is witnessing a fast growth in the economic activities. Many big shopping 

complexes, malls, and hotels are coming up in the area. This will enhance the economic status of 

the project area vis-à-vis other parts of the city. Well positioned infrastructure of the project area is 

one of the dictating factors for the promoters to set up many economic centers in the area. The 

location of district centers in the project area will become the major commercial centres in future. 

The commercial hub of the area is also being developed along the Metro Railway Line in a linear 

form. 

4.10.6 Cultural Heritage 

Delhi has numerous historic buildings and cultural heritage sites. The ecologically and 

environmentally sensitive sites as shown in Figure 4.16 need to be protected from the impact of 

any development. However, none of these sites are located within 1 km from the proposed project 

site. 

4.10.7 Aesthetic Aspects 

The landscape concept of the project area has evolved a system of open spaces which have the 

potential to develop into a landscape with distinctive visual qualities, fulfilling the required 

ecological and recreational functions. The location and alignment of existing landscape features 

have been used to structure the development of the area. 

4.10.8 Communications and Transportation 

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The project area is well connected to the road network from all sides to the rest of the city. Each 

residential sector is bounded on all sides by arterial roads of 45 m and 60 m wide. From arterial 

roads four entries have been taken into the sector at a minimum distance of 450 m. a network of 

cycle tracks and pedestrian pathways have been provided within each sector which links the 

housing clusters and their facilities within each sector. 

MRTS has also reached the project area. Bus based public transport system is also the primary 

mode of transportation of the people in the project area. The continual improvement which is taking 

place in the city including the project area in traffic and transportation will further bring beneficial 

impact to the residing population in future. 

93



Figure 4.13: Piped Water Supply Distribution Map of Delhi 

94



Figure 4.14: Water Treatment Plant in Delhi (Existing and Proposed) 

95



Figure 4.15: Municipal Waste Disposal Sites Locations in Delhi 

96



Figure 4.16: Location Map of Heritage Sites and Environmentally Sensitive Sites in Delhi 

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 


This section identifies and predicts the potential impacts on different environmental components 

due to the construction and operation of the proposed project. It details all the potential impacts on 

biophysical and socio-economic components of the local environment due to the proposed activities 

and sub-activities. 

Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact Assessment 

studies. Several qualitative and quantitative techniques and methodologies are used to conduct 

analysis of the potential impacts likely to accrue as a result of the proposed development activities 

on physical, ecological and socio-economic environments. Such predictions are superimposed over 

the baseline (pre-project) status of the environmental quality to derive at the ultimate (post-project) 

scenario of environmental conditions. The prediction of impacts helps to minimize the adverse 

impacts and maximize the beneficial impacts on environmental quality during pre and post project 

execution. 

The proposed integrated complex project would create impacts on the environment in two distinct 

phases: 

• During the construction phase which may be regarded as temporary or short – term 

• The other during the operation stage which would have long – term effects 

97



The environmental impacts in this section have, as such, been discussed separately for the 

construction phase and the operation stages of the proposed project. 

The environmental impact assessment approach used to evaluate the proposed project comprises of 

three sequential elements. These are impacts identification, prediction and evaluation. 

The first step of the impact assessment process involves identifying the key issues associated with 

the construction and operation phases of the project. Issues and concerns of the proposed project 

are scoped based on the knowledge and experience with respect to environmental setting and 

project elements. Accordingly, the existing environmental system is described and the components 

of the project are determined. 

This step involves identification of the environmental modification that may be significant, 

forecasting of the quality and spatial dimension of change in the environment identified and 

estimation of the probability that the impact will occur. 

This step involve determination of the incidence of benefit to user groups and population affected 

by the project, specification and comparison of effects between various alternatives, and assessment 

of the likely effect of the project on the environmental, economical and social components 

indicating the nature of effects. 

5.2 Impacts on Ambient Air Environment 

The potential ambient air quality impacts arising from the proposed project would occur mainly 

during project construction phase. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Particulate 

Matter (RPM) would be the predominant pollutant generated from construction activities. The 

gaseous emissions such as SO 2 , NOx and CO would be generated from the construction equipments 

and vehicles. During operation phase, DG sets would be the only point source of emission. 

The ambient air quality monitoring results show that the SPM and RPM concentrations at most of 

the locations within the core zone of the proposed project site are close to the norms prescribed for 

the residential areas. However, appropriate mitigation measures would still be employed during the 

construction stage to reduce any incremental rise in pollution level to an acceptable limit. 

98



Monitored values of SO 2 , NOx and CO in the ambient air are well within the limits 

indicating low pollution level (L) as per the CPCB criteria. 

5.2.1 Impacts During Construction 

During construction, the project would have two major impacts on ambient air quality due to an 

increase in gaseous emissions by heavy construction equipments and vehicles, and an increase in 

dust by construction activities. Earth excavation work, foundation work, superstructure work, 

material storage, transportation and handling of construction materials, and wind erosion are the 

major factors that would produce a temporary, localized increase in SPM and RPM levels. The 

increased movement of heavy vehicles carrying construction materials, operation of DG sets as 

standby power back up system would generate gaseous emissions. The degree of dust generated 

would depend on the soil compaction and moisture content of the ground surface during 

construction. Dust and exhaust particulate emissions from heavy equipment operations would 

temporarily degrade air quality in the immediate construction zone. The increase in air particulates 

would be minimized by the performance of the work. 

The construction contractor will visually monitor dust levels on the site during construction. Dust 

suppression will be instituted, using water tankers mounted on tractors, sprinklers and other means 

as necessary, in the event that high levels of dust are observed, strong winds and dry conditions 

make dust generation likely, and complaints about dust are received. 

Other diffused source of gaseous emissions from the construction site would be if the construction 

labours use fuel wood for cooking and heating during winters. The construction contractor will 

ensure that such practice is not adopted by the labours and they are provided with LPG cylinders 

for cooking in their labour camps. 

5.2.2 Impacts During Operation 

None of the proposed structures at the project site would be expected to have an impact on air 

quality during their normal operation. However, the only point source of emission will be DG sets 

which will be installed as standby power supply system. To meet the power requirement during 

emergencies, the project has proposed to install DG sets as standby power supply system. 

99



The DG sets will be run on HSD with a maximum sulphur content of 1.0 %. It is proposed to 

install individual stacks of adequate height to exhaust the DG emissions. The stacks of adequate 

height will be provided from above the roof of the building as per the norms. 

Since heavy fuel will be used, very small quantity of Particulate matter, SO 2 , NOx and CO will be 

generated during the combustion process. 

Also, during the operation phase of the project, the impacts on air quality due to vehicular 

emissions in the complex will be very less as the complex will not result in generation of any large 

volume of traffic. Considering the nature of activities which the proposed project will result, low 

level of vehicles movement within the complex, and low threshold values, air pollution is not 

expected to be a major concern. It is for these reasons that the ambient air quality predictions using 

models have not been carried out. 

5.3 Impacts on Ambient Noise Environment 

5.3.1 Impacts During Construction 

Construction activities normally result in temporary and short duration increases in noise levels. 

The main sources of noise during construction period include movement of vehicles for loading and 

unloading of construction materials, fabrication, handling of equipment and materials, operation of 

power shovels, concrete mixing plants, generators etc. The areas affected are those close to the site. 

The noise level due to operation of various construction equipments are given in Figure 5.1 

Under the worst case scenario, considered for prediction of noise levels during construction phase, 

it has been assumed that all these equipments generate noise from a common point at an average 

noise level of 85 dB (A). The increase in noise levels due to operation of various construction 

equipments are given in Table 5.1. 

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Table 5.1 

Increase in noise levels due to operation of various construction equipments 

DISTANCE 

(M) 

MONITORED 

DAY-TIME 

AMBIENT 

NOISE 

LEVELS AT 

PROJECT 

INCREASE IN 

NOISE LEVEL 

DUE TO 

CONSTRUCTION 

ACTIVITIES 

DB(A) 

NOISE LEVEL 

DUE TO 

CONSTRUCTION 

ACTIVITIES 

DB(A) 

INCREASE IN 

AMBIENT NOISE 

LEVEL DUE TO 

CONSTRUCTION 

ACTIVITIES 

DB(A) 

SITE DB(A) 

15 50 85 85 35 

50 50 80 80 30 

100 50 75 75 25 

200 50 70 70 20 

500 50 62 62 12 

1000 50 56 56 6 

1500 50 52 52 2 

2000 50 50 50 - 

101



102



Figure 5.1: Noise level due to operation of various construction equipments 

It is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound wave passes through a barrier. 

The transmission loss values for common construction materials are given in Table 5.2. 

Table 5.2 

Transmission loss for common construction materials 

MATERIAL 

THICKNESS OF 

CONSTRUCTION 

DECREASE IN NOISE 

LEVEL DB(A) 

MATERIAL (INCHES) 

Light concrete 

4 38 

6 39 

Dense concrete 4 40 

Concrete block 

4 32 

6 36 

Brick 4 33 

Granite 4 40 

Thus, the walls of the adjoining buildings along with other factors like air absorption, vegetal cover 

etc. would result in significant attenuation of atleast 20 - 25 dB(A) at 100 m distance. The resultant 

noise levels on proposed project site at 50m distance at peak level of construction are anticipated to 

be about 55 – 60 dB(A), which is well within the limit for commercial area during the day time. 

Further to minimize these potential impacts, major construction activities would be scheduled 

during normal daylight working hours and would be implemented consistent with the applicable 

standards. The construction contractor will use equipments that are adapted to operate with 

appropriate noise muffling devices resulting in the least possible noise. Every effort would be taken 

103



to minimize the noise levels including the mandatory use of construction equipment with 

operable mufflers. 

5.3.2 Impacts During Operation 

During operation, the DG set and central air conditioning plant will be the point sources of noise 

pollution in the complex. The DG set room, compressor and pumps room will be isolated from the 

outside environment and proper acoustic arrangements will be made to control the noise generated 

from the rooms. The noise levels out side the room will be maintained within the stipulated norms 

both during the day and night time. 

The effect of high noise levels on the operating personnel in the DG, compressor and pump rooms 

will also be considered and appropriate mitigation measures would be adopted. The continuous 

exposures to high noise levels above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing capacity of the workers/operators 

and hence would be avoided. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by Occupational 

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that the exposure period of affected persons be limited 

as given in Annexure 3. 

5.4 Impacts on Water Environment 

5.4.1 Impacts on Ground Water 

The proposed project does not have the potential of impacting the ground water quality and 

quantity in a significant manner in the long term during the operation phase. The project would 

likely to withdraw groundwater at maximum rate of 5 m 3 /hr to meet its daily requirement of about 

297 m 3 /hr. However, the new buildings, parking lots and other built up facilities would decrease the 

natural infiltration rate of rainwater. Also, since the project area is experiencing the increasing 

number of borewells, the cumulative effects could enhance the degree of impact of the individual 

system. The quality of groundwater could deteriorate in terms of nitrate, fluoride, and chloride, if 

the abstraction of groundwater over a longer period leads to further lowering of the ground water 

table. 

However, with the project proposing to implement the rain water harvesting for ground water 

recharge, conservation through education to bring about greater water efficiency, and reuse of 

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treated wastewater on the proposed site during operation of the project for use in horticulture 

and other auxiliary purposes, the effect would be minimized. The wastewater generated will be 

treated and reused within the campus. About 6-8 m 3 /hr of treated water will be reused for flushing 

of toilets and horticulture purpose. It is also expected that there will be a significant increase in the 

municipal piped supply of water with the augmentation of the capacity of the water treatment plants 

in the area in near future. Both these measures along with implementation of rainwater harvesting 

and conservation measures would have positive impact on the ground water quality and quantity. 

These measures would reduce the fresh intake quantity from the ground water. 

Groundwater was tested at the project site and was compared to IS: 10500 (1991) for evaluation. 

Most of the parameters are observed to be within the limits prescribed by this standard. Since no 

wastewater from the complex will be discharged into the open, no impact on groundwater quality is 

envisaged. 

The water requirement during the construction phase will be partly met through tankers and in 

limited case through borewell and hence no adverse impacts on ground water are envisaged. 

5.4.2 Impacts on Piped Water Supply 

Water consumption in the proposed residential and academic complex is estimated to be about 297 

m 3 / day. About 60% of this consumption will be met through the municipal piped water supply and 

the remaining will be from the ground water. The increase in water demand from the existing water 

supply network would decrease the number of supply hours for the existing users in the project 

area. It is expected that the increase in water demand will be met from additional water available 

from new water treatment which is being proposed in Dwarka and will come soon and hence would 

not have any significant impact on the existing water supply. Moreover, by setting up of the STP 

on-site, the consumption of fresh water intake would likely to be reduced. Also, with the present 

water supply potential of the existing system i.e. 74 lpcd, the demand for the proposed complex 

could easily be met. 

During construction phase, no demand will be put on the existing piped water supply network and 

will be partly met through tankers and partly from the ground water. 

5.5.3 Impacts Due to Wastewater Generation 

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During Construction 

The major source of water pollution during project construction phase will be sewage from labour 

camps and makeshift office. It is expected that at any given time during the construction phase, the 

peak manpower strength on construction site comprising of technical staff, clerical/supervisor, 

skilled and unskilled workers would be about 1500 persons. The average domestic water 

requirements would be about 50 lpcd. Thus, total water requirements work out to be 75,000 litres / 

day (max.). It is assumed that about 80% of the water required will be generated as sewage. Thus, 

total quantum of sewage generated in peak situation is expected to be about 60,000 litres / day. The 

generated sewage would pass through a septic tank and its discharge would be connected to the 

existing municipal sewage network of the area. 

During Operation 

The major source of water pollution during project operation phase will be the wastewater from the 

academic and residential complex. During project operation phase, due to the absence of any large 

scale construction activities, the cause and source of water pollution will be much different. It is 

expected about 235 m 3 /day of sewage will be generated. The expected characteristics of the 

untreated wastewater will be as given in Table 5.3. The total BOD loading without treatment will 

be of the order of 35 to 60 kg/day. This is significant to cause any adverse impact on any receiving 

water body. The impacts that may occur due to disposal of untreated sewage will be mitigated as a 

result of commissioning of adequate sewage treatment plant (STP) in the proposed facilities. 

Table 5.3 

Expected Characteristics of Untreated Wastewater 

S. No. Parameters expected value 

1. Color Turbid / Grey 

2. pH 5.5 – 6.5 

3. Oil and Grease 15 – 30 mg/l 

4. Total Suspended Solids 180 – 260 mg/l 

5. Total Dissolved Solids 1000 – 1300 mg/l 

106



6. BOD 3 @ 27 o C 150 – 250 mg/l 

7. COD 275 – 450 mg/l 

It is proposed to treat the wastewater through a full fledged decentralized STP based on Aerobic 

Fluidized Bed Reactor Technology. The STP will be set up for a mean daily flow rate of 10.42 

m 3 /hr., peak hourly flow rate of 20 m 3 /hr., and minimum flow rate of 4.5 m 3 /hr. 

The system will consist of a collection cum equalization tank where the waste water will be 

received and homogenized and equalized for the continuous operation of the treatment plant. It will 

be followed by primary clarifier to remove most of the suspended solids from the wastewater. The 

wastewater thereafter will flow to aerated fluidized bed reactor for the biological oxidation of the 

organics to reduce BOD and COD and also to reduce the bacterial population by order magnitude. 

A secondary clarifier will separate the microorganism in the form of biological sludge to be 

recycled back to the aeration chamber. A sludge collection sump will be provided to collect the 

sludge. A sludge pump will dewater the sludge with a provision for recycle of sludge to the 

fluidized bed reactor during start up. Sludge filtration system will be provided in the form of filter 

press. Treated wastewater will be chlorinated in the disinfection tank. An intermediate treated water 

storage tank will be provided for further tertiary treatment. The treated wastewater in tertiary 

treatment will pass through pressure sand filter for the final clarification. Activated carbon filter 

will be provided to remove the final traces of organic matters and make it suitable for reuse within 

the campus. A collection tank will be provided for collection and storage of the clear tertiary treated 

waste water for reuse within the campus. 

The disinfection will be carried out by means of chlorination. This will be done by the hypochlorite 

solution as the chlorinating agent. The hypochlorite solution is easily available in different 

concentration ranges with free chlorine content of 10% or more and is quite easy to handle because 

of operation at ambient pressure and being able to pump the liquid by means of normal dosing 

pumps. 

The treated wastewater will be used for flushing of toilets and in horticulture purpose within the 

proposed complex. 

The expected characteristics of the treated wastewater after secondary and tertiary treatment 

process are given in Table 5.4. 

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Table 5.4 

Expected Characteristics of Treated Wastewater 

S. No. Parameters after secondary 

treatment 

AFTER 

TERTIARY 

TREATMENT 

1. pH 7.5 7.2 

2. Oil and Grease Nil Nil 

3. Total Suspended Solids 60 5 

4. Total Dissolved Solids 850 850 

5. BOD 3 @ 27 o C 25 10 

6. COD 75 40 

5.5 Impacts on Land Environment 

5.5.1 Impacts on Land Use 

The project site lies in the Public / Semi-public land use category of the project area. The adjoining 

lands to the project site are essentially institutional. Within 1 Km radius of the proposed project 

site, many residential apartments also exist. As there is requirement of substantial residential 

accommodation for the National Law School as well as for the Delhi Judicial Academy, the 

Ministry of Urban Development after the recommendation by DDA has issued a gazette 

notification to bifurcate the project site with different land uses, namely Institutional and 

Residential. 

108



The proposed project site is designated for the intended purpose and the necessary change in 

the land use of the plot area measuring 23,180 sq. meters (5.72 acres) has already been effected by 

converting it to land use for residential use from land use for Government use in MPD-2001. 

The proposed project site is a vacant land and does not involve activity of any type. It is anticipated 

that the construction activities of the proposed project would not have an adverse effect on the land 

use activities in the project area, and will not be encroached during the construction of the project. 

Moreover, local land use planning will control the type, density and location of development in the 

future. Hence, the proposed new construction could be considered to comply with the present 

zoning classification of neighborhood business. 

Development of green belt and other landscape on the proposed site would enhance the visual 

aesthetics of the area. 

5.5.2 Impacts on Soil 

The site clearing and preparation activities will involve removal of only scanty vegetation existing 

on the proposed plant site. The project site is primarily dominated by undergrowth and unwanted 

bushes. As the topography in and around the site is mostly plain with no slope, the digging of the 

site before the start of the construction work for the foundation work would not result any 

significant effect on soil erosion and silt run off, even during the heavy rains. The project requires 

extensive work on the excavation and removal of soil and hence will temporarily affect soil 

structure and stability localized. 

The project proponent will adopt good construction practices that will ensure the environmental 

impacts of waste effluents generated on-site during construction will be minimized. 

5.5.3 Construction Wastes 

The generation of waste material is inevitable during the construction phase of the development. 

Waste is generated at different stages of construction process. Waste during construction activity 

relates to excessive cement mix or concrete left after work is over, rejection caused due to change 

in design or wrong workmanship etc. Estimated waste generation during construction is 40 to 60 kg 

109



per sq. m. Concrete appears in two forms in the waste. Structural elements of building have 

reinforced concrete, while foundations have mass non-reinforced concrete. 

Excavation of earth and rock generates muck. Other wastes include top soil, clay, sand, and gravel. 

These are normally re-used as filler at the same site after completion of excavation work. Other 

miscellaneous materials that arise as waste include glass, plastic material, general refuse, scrap 

metal, cardboard, plastics, and sewage wastes from the construction workers housing. 

Construction waste is bulky and heavy and is mostly unsuitable for disposal by incineration or 

composting. Unutilized or unused solid wastes generated during construction will be disposed of to 

a designated landfill sites in the project area. 

5.5.4 Solid Wastes Generation and Disposal 

Solid wastes will be generated from the residential complex, academic complex, and sewage 

treatment plant during the operation phase of the project. The academic complex will generate solid 

wastes such as paper, cardboard, plastics, and general refuse by routine activities. The domestic 

solid waste from the residential complex and academic complex is expected to be generated to the 

tune of 540 kg / day considering per capita of waste generation of 0.45 kg/person/day from the 

residential complex for about 750 persons and about 0.1 kg/person/day from the academic complex 

for about 2000 persons. 

The domestic solid wastes will be segregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable. Where 

recycling is feasible, these wastes will be stored in segregated bins and removed as required. Other 

solid wastes will be removed by sanitary contractor on a regular basis and disposed to a designated 

municipal landfill site. 

The solid waste generated from the STP will be dewatered and used for the horticulture purpose 

within and outside the complex. 

5.6 Impacts on Socio – Economic Environment 

5.6.1 Hazards to Construction Workers and the Local Population 

110



During the construction period, the activities may result pondage of water in the dug – out 

areas of the site. This has the potential for creation of mosquitoes breeding and spreading of vector 

borne diseases. The most important construction aspects are the impediment of temporary drainage 

by blocked silt traps or the ponding of water within foundation works. Other mosquito breeding 

sites maybe created through the use of uncovered water tanks. The project will give careful 

attention to the design and maintenance of earthworks and drainage systems during construction to 

avoid the creation of significant habitat areas for mosquito larvae. The use of larvicides may be 

required to prevent mosquito breeding in silt traps. 

5.6.2 Housing and Transportation of Construction Workers 

The project will facilitate maximum participation of the fair and equitable local work force for the 

construction. This will not only benefit local economy and employment, but also reduce the need to 

build temporary shelter and supply services. However, the project will still require some skilled and 

unskilled migrant workers. In such case, the project will provide portable toilets, washing facilities, 

potable water supply, and LPG for cooking on site during construction. The sewage will be 

temporarily connected to the municipal drains. 

The supply of LPG cylinders for cooking will reduce the dependency of the construction workers 

on the fuel wood and hence the chances of any smoke and other air pollutants. 

5.6.3 Socio – cultural Impacts 

The project will contribute only marginally to the socio-economic development of the area at the 

local level. The land values around the project site are likely to be increased after the operation of 

the project. The direct and indirect employment to the local population during the operation of the 

project at both skilled and unskilled levels will benefit the local population and its specific groups. 

About 750 persons will stay in residential complex and thus add only marginally to the existing 

population of the area. The transient population to the academic complex will be about 250-300 

persons. The project area and its local population would benefit from the easy access to the judicial 

academy and National Law School. Economic activity will get a boost for small shopkeepers, 

vendors and hence have a positive impact. 

5.6.4 Impacts on Physical Infrastructure 

111



The proposed project would not impact the existing water supply infrastructure of DJB as the 

increasing demand in future would be met through an additional supply from new water treatment 

plant which is being proposed in Dwarka. Existing sewerage network would not be loaded as the 

project is proposing to install a decentralized sewage treatment plant on-site. Power supply 

infrastructure adequately exists in the project area. However, the project is also proposing to install 

DG sets for meeting the power requirement in-house in case of emergency situations. 

5.6.5 Employment Opportunities 

The construction of the proposed project is expected to provide temporary employment to a good 

number of skilled and unskilled workers directly and to others like owner of plant and equipments, 

vehicles etc. for a nearly 30 months, thus indirectly constituting a moderate positive impact. 

Along with direct employment, there will be scope for generation of secondary employment to 

provide services to the working people during the operation of the proposed project for various 

needs. All these will be beneficial to the local economy. 

5.7 Renewable Resources 

Potential adverse effects from the use of renewable resources are associated with the construction 

of the project components that will require the use of renewable and non-renewable resources 

including wood, gravel, sand, steel, concrete and paper products. The materials, apart from paper 

products, will be used during the construction period only and will not be required during the 

operation of the proposed project. Paper products (e.g., paper, cardboard) will be used during the 

operation of these components for record keeping, etc. However, their use will be limited. It is 

expected that the use of these materials during construction will result in negligible adverse effects 

on renewable resource supply as the construction materials will be procured from the licensed 

materials supplier. 

Fossil fuels, such as diesel fuel, gasoline and oil will be used during the construction and operation 

of the project for mechanical and electrical equipments and should have negligible adverse effects 

on renewable resources. 

112



Electricity will be used during construction to provide power to construction equipment and 

in operation for lighting of buildings and running utilities equipments. Electricity consumption will 

be kept at a minimum when possible by adopting electricity conservation measures. 

The project proponent will ensure that the contractor selected to construct the project will 

implement best management practices to conserve renewable resources. These may include, but are 

not limited to: 

• Use of energy-efficient lighting; 

• Lighting of only critical areas during non-working hours; 

• Efficient scheduling of construction crews; 

• Minimizing idling of construction equipment and vehicles; 

• Recycling of used motor oils and hydraulic fluids. 

5.8 Potential Environmental Impact Matrix 

This methodology incorporates a list of project activities with a checklist of environmental 

components that might be affected. Matrix methods incorporate environmental conditions on one 

axis and proposed actions on the other. 

The impact of each action on the various environmental components are filled in a tabular format to 

estimate the impacts may be either qualitative, insignificant, high, adverse, beneficial or 

quantitative by assessing a numerical score, but in the end there should be a grand total to signify 

the magnitude of the impact. The activities discussed above are likely to affect the environment in 

varying degrees. Relevant components of environment, which are likely to experience some 

impacts due to the project activities, have been identified. 

Environmental parameters are broadly classified under three following groups considering the 

cause - effect relationship: 

• Physical Environment 

• Biological Environment 

• Non Biophysical Components (NBP) 

113



The parameters selected for impact identification are site activities and project specific. 

Different parameters considered under the said groups are as follows: 

• Ambient Air Quality 

• Noise 

• Ground water quality 

• Ground water quantity 

• Soil stability / erosion 

• Soil quality 

• Vegetation 

• Resource use 

• Health 

• Socio economic 

The interaction between project activities and environmental parameters described above are shown 

in the impact matrix in the Table 5.4. The matrix points out each activity and its impact on specific 

environmental parameters. This is a qualitative work and does not indicate quantitative impact. 

Some of the impacts are temporary and localized and some impacts are short term and long term in 

the matrix. 

114



Table 5.5 Potential Environmental Impact Matrix 

project activities 

physical biological non Biophysical Components (NBP) 

Construction Phase 

Air Quality 

Ground 

Water 

Quality 

Ground 

Water 

Quantity 

Soil 

Stability / 

Erosion 

Soil 

Quality 

Noise Vegetation Resource 

Use (Water 

supply 

and use, 

visual 

features) 

Health 

(Individual 

/Community, 

Occupational) 

Socioeconomic 

(Population, 

Community 

Infrastructure, 

Employment) 

Site excavation 

and foundation 

work 

Material storage, 

transportation and 

handling 

Movement of 

vehicles 

Construction 

workers camps 

Operation Phase 

ST, - ve, 

RE 

ST, -ve, 

RE 

ST, -ve ST, -ve ST, +ve 

ST, -ve ST, -ve ST, -ve ST, +ve 

ST, -ve ST, -ve +ve 

ST, -ve ST, -ve +ve 

Running of DG 

sets,compressors, 

pumps 

Sewage 

discharge 

Operation of 

Complex 

Water 

Requirement 

RE, LT, 

- ve 

RE, - ve, 

LT 

-ve 

IR, -ve, LT 

LT, -ve LT, +ve LT, +ve, + ve, LT 

LT, IR, -ve LT, IR, -ve LT, IR, -ve 

ST Short Term LT Long Term RE Reversible IR Irreversible 

+ve Potential Positive Impacts 

- ve Potential Negative Impacts (require mitigation measures) 

115



6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 

Environmental impact checklists combine the assessment of individual impacts with a 

checklist of probable impacts for a project. The following five environmental components 

have been considered for the purpose of assessment and evaluation of the environmental 

impact due to the proposed integrated complex. 

• Air Environment 

• Noise Environment 

• Water Environment 

• Land Environment 

• Socio Economic Environment 

6.1 Air Environment 

Land development activities may lead to the generation of dust. Foundation work would 

require pile driving using heavy machinery, which may produce gaseous pollutants. 

Construction work will involve excavation and concreting etc. All these activities may 

give rise to dust, resulting in air pollution. The structural work will involve steelwork, 

concrete work, masonry work etc. and construction equipment like concrete mixers, 

hoists, and welding sets etc. will be used. These activities at times produce air 

contaminants. 

The dust generated during the activities will be of low magnitude and will be settable in 

nature. The quantum of any gaseous pollution is insignificant. The impact due to such 

emissions is expected to be confined within the close vicinity of the proposed 

construction site. The impact will, however, be marginal, reversible and short term. 

During the operation of the complex no significant sources of gaseous pollution are 

expected. Only at the time of power cut, DG sets will be operated with required height of 

116



stack for adequate dispersion of gaseous pollutants as per the guidelines of the 

environmental standards. 

Air Environment: In general, the proposed Complex will have a short term, marginal 

reversible and localized impact on air quality in the neighborhood during the 

construction phase and insignificant impact during operational phase. 

6.2 Noise Environment 

During the construction phase, different types of plant and machinery will be deployed 

resulting at times an increase in noise levels at the construction site. Proper planning of 

these operations will be made during this period so that the disturbances will be 

minimized due to such noise generation. Most of the construction work would be 

undertaken only between 8 am to 6 pm. 

Functioning of the proposed complex is not expected to create any noise pollution. DG 

sets, compressor, pumps will be placed inside the covered room to avoid any noise 

problem. 

Noise Environment: In general, the overall impact on noise level due to the proposed 

Complex will be almost insignificant. 

6.3 Water Environment 

• Ground Water Hydrology 

Ground water will be used during the construction phase activities (only after permission) 

as well as for meeting the daily demand of the Complex during the operational phase. 

However, maximum care will be taken to avoid any misuse of ground water. 

Ground Water Environment: As such, the proposed complex will have a marginal but no 

long – term impact on the ground water hydrology. 

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• Water Use 

Water requirements during construction phase will be mainly met through tankers. The 

requirements during operation will be met through both municipal supply and ground 

water. 

Water Use: In general, the proposed Complex is not likely to have any significant longterm 

impact on the water use scenario of the region during construction & operational 

phases. 

6.4 Land Environment 

The proposed project will not alter the land use pattern of the proposed site. The site, 

after completion of its development, would consist of build up structure neatly 

landscaped, leading to a pleasant outlook. Plantation of trees in the open spaces would 

add a different dimension to the existing landscape of open vacant lands and would 

provide a visual comfort. 

Land Environment: As such, there will be an insignificant impact on the land use during 

the construction period while a beneficial impact is expected in the operational of the 

proposed project. 

• ECOLOGY 

The impact of construction activities will be primarily confined to the project site. The 

site doesn’t involve any forestland. Thus, the site development work will not lead to any 

significant loss of any important taxonomy. Removal of topsoil often leads to soil 

erosion. Deposition of fugitive dust on leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary 

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reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts will, however, be confined mostly to the initial 

periods of the construction phase. 

The entire complex would be extensively landscaped with a variety of taxa. No wild life 

sanctuary is involved in the site and vicinity. Therefore, there is no likely tangible impact 

from noise and emissions during construction on the animals and birds in the area. 

Ecological Environment: No impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecology is expected due 

to the proposed complex. 

6.5 Socio Economic Environment 

A sizeable workforce comprising skilled, semi skilled and unskilled labours will be 

needed at the peak period of construction phase. Significant number of semi skilled and 

unskilled labourers will be recruited from the near by areas. This will create some 

employment opportunities in the area. Since most of the sizeable labour force will be 

drawn from neighborhood, no new environmental problem is anticipated. 

Temporary accommodation in the form of workers camp will be constructed for a few 

special categories of migrant skilled and semi skilled workers within the project site. In 

such eventuality, certain measurers will be taken. The camp will be provided with the 

adequate sanitation facilities. Therefore, it will not cause any significant social stress, 

though some degradation in the immediate physical environment would be unavoidable. 

Most of the construction work is labour intensive. As contractors will do most of the job, 

it will be ensured that the contractor workers are provided with proper facilities including 

proper sanitation and safe drinking water supply. 

There is no permanent resident on the project site and as such, the project would not 

result in any direct evictions. The construction materials will be procured local market 

and also though various sources. Thus, there is a possibly of local employment 

generation, though temporary. 

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Construction activities will provide direct and indirect job opportunities to a large number 

of people, thus having a beneficial impact on local economy. 

The project is expected to have a marginal but significant positive impact on local 

economic scenario. 

Socio Economic Environment: In general, the proposed Complex will have a positive 

impact on the socioeconomic environment. It will have a long-term positive impact on the 

socioeconomic environment and it will increase the over all value of the surrounding 

area. 

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 


This section outlines the key environmental management and safeguards that will be 

initiated by the project proponent to manage the project’s key environmental concerns. 

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the mechanism to ensure that environmental 

considerations are integrated into the project survey and design, contract documents and 

project supervision and monitoring. These are tools for mitigating or offsetting the 

potential adverse environmental impacts resulting from various activities of the project. 

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The environmental management plan (EMP) mainly consists of integrating potential 

impacts (positive or negative), environmental mitigation measures, implementation 

schedule, and monitoring plans. 

The potential environmental impacts and proposed management associated with each 

stage of the project development are described here. The primary objective of this 

proposed environmental management and monitoring programme is to control 

environmental impacts to levels within acceptable standards, and to minimise possible 

impact on the community and the workforce of foreseeable risks during the construction 

and subsequent operation phases of the project. 

Also, it is very important to highlight here that such environmental mitigation measures 

shall be used in conjunction with good management practices and good engineering 

design, construction and operation practices. 

The EMP will be a working document that personnel on site need to both understand and 

undertake environmental management. It will be ensured personnel are in a position to 

adequately manage the environmental concerns of the site and effectively monitor for and 

mitigate impacts. 

7.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction 

7.2.1 Air Quality and Dust 

• All dusty materials shall be sprayed with water prior to any loading, unloading or 

transfer operation so as to maintain the dusty materials wet. 

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• Stockpiles of aggregate or spoil shall be covered and water applied. 

• Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be 

covered to reduce spills on roads. 

• The height from which excavated materials are dropped shall be controlled to a 

minimum practical height to limit fugitive dust generation from unloading. 

• All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be regularly 

maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the CPCB norms. 

• The random ambient air quality monitoring shall be done to ensure that the significant 

impacts are being mitigated adequately. 

7.2.2 Noise 

• Proposed project site is within an institutional / residential area. 

• Construction shall be carried out in accordance with standard procedures. All plants 

and construction equipments shall be fitted with noise control measures and shall 

strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards. 

• On-site power gensets shall be covered with an acoustic enclosure and fitted with 

muffler and shall conform to the noise emission standards. 

• Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and 

during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be 

checked and if found defective will be replaced. Vehicles hired for bringing 

construction materials at site shall conform to the noise emission standards and shall 

be operated during non peak hours. 

• Ambient noise level monitoring shall be conducted at suitable locations at periodic 

intervals during construction phase to conform to the stipulated standards both during 

day and night time. Data shall be reviewed and analyzed by the project manager for 

adhering to any strict measure. 

7.2.3 Land Environment 

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• The project will take prior permission from the competent authority for disposal of 

construction waste on landfill site in the project area. 

• It will be ensured that no construction spoils of any unsuitable material are disposed 

off on roadside or any other place in the project area. 

• Construction debris will be collected and suitably used on site as per construction 

waste management plan 

7.2.4 Hazards to Construction Workers and the Local Population 

• Careful attention to design and maintenance of earthworks and drainage systems 

during construction to avoid creation of significant habitat areas for mosquito larvae. 

• Use of larvicides may be required to prevent mosquito breeding in silt traps. 

7.2.5 Ground Water Quality and Quantity 

• Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole 

construction period. 

• The water requirement during construction will be mainly met through tankers. 

• Alternate water supply will also be met through ground water but after taking 

permission from Delhi Water Board. If permitted, balanced approach will be followed 

towards utilization of ground water in construction work. 

• The contractor will take all precautions to minimize the wastage of water in the 

construction process. 

7.2.6 Housing and Transportation of Construction Workers 

• The project will provide kerosene or cooking gas to the construction workers on-site 

so that they do not resort to using fuel wood for cooking. 

• Temporary sanitary facilities shall be provided on-site and proper hygienic conditions 

are maintained. 

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7.2.7 Traffic Pattern 

• Heavy vehicular movement will be restricted to daytime only and adequate parking 

facility will be provided. 

7.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation 

7.3.1 Air Quality 

• Use of ultra low sulphur diesel will be used in the DG sets. 

• Green belt development with specific species will reduce SPM levels. 

• Use of clean fuel by the vehicles will reduce the emission of pollutants. 

7.3.2 Noise 

• Proposed project site is within an institutional / residential area. 

• All noise generating sources in the complex will be equipped with appropriate noise 

control measures. Sound levels will be consistent with local government regulations. 

• Ambient noise levels will be periodically monitored to determine compliance with the 

norms. 

• Noise levels will also be monitored at point sources for occupational noise exposure 

and ensuring health risk. 

7.3.3 Land Environment 

• Solid waste generated from the STP will be reused for horticulture purpose within 

and outside the complex. 

• Domestic solid waste generated from the court and residential complex will be 

segregated in biodegradable and non biodegradable. The unutilized and non reused 

waste shall be disposed to a designated municipal landfill site in the project area. 

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7.3.4 Ground Water Quality and Quantity 

• Rainwater harvesting for optimum utilization of rainwater to recharge the ground 

water level / borewell area to be adopted. 

• Well design storm water network to collect the rain water from the site area and 

diverted to the proposed rainwater harvesting pits for recharging the ground water. 

• All efforts to conserve water in the complex to comply with the standards of water 

conservation practices. 

• Ground water quality shall be periodically monitored and records shall be reviewed 

and analyzed on regular basis. 

7.3.5 Infrastructure 

• Run off from building areas during rains will be utilized for harvesting and recharge 

of ground water. Appropriate water conservation measures will be adopted in regular 

activities. 

• Vegetative barriers along the site boundary will act as a noise barrier. 

• The domestic sewage generated from the complex will be linked to STP being set up 

on-site. The treated water will be reused for flushing of toilets and hence will reduce 

the fresh water consumption for the same activity. 

7.3.6 Traffic Pattern 

• Vehicle movement will be regulated inside the site with adequate roads and parking 

lots. 

7.4 Human Health and Safety Management Plan 

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The objective is to ensure that the health and safety of on-site personnel is proactively 

managed during the construction stage of the project. Below are given the proposed 

project related human health and safety environmental concerns and its management. 

• The primary concern on potential health risks for the construction workers and other 

employees on site during construction are associated with drinking water quality. The 

project would ensure safe potable water supply to the workers on site. 

• Adequate space needs to be provided for construction of temporary sheds for 

construction workers to avoid unhygienic conditions. 

• Construction site will be provided with a readily available first aid kit including an 

adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances. Suitable transport to 

take injured or sick person to the nearest hospital will be immediately provided. 

• The project will ensure the safe working of all workers. Each construction worker 

will be provided with safety gadgets and made to wear during the construction work. 

This will include protective footwear, helmets, and gloves to all workers employed 

for the work on mixing, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc.; the welder’s protective 

eye-shields to workers who are engaged in welding works; earplugs to workers 

exposed to loud noise; safety belts to the labours working at higher platforms; and 

masks to avoid dust. 

• The project will strictly follow the statutory child labour act. The project will also 

ensure that no paint containing lead or lead products is used except in the form of 

paste or readymade paint. Facemasks will be provided for use to the workers when 

paint is applied in the form of spray. Adequate safety measures will be ensured for 

workers during handling of materials at site. The project will comply with all 

regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, 

stairwells, excavations, and safe means of entry and exit. 

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• The project will take adequate precautions to prevent danger from electrical 

equipments. No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or 

inconvenience to any person or the public. All necessary fencing and lights will be 

provided to protect the public. All machines to be used in the construction will 

conform to the relevant Indian Standard Codes, will be free from patent defect, will 

be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as 

per IS provision. 

• Work spots will be maintained clean, and provided with optimum lighting. 

7.5 Fire Safety and Protection 

The proposed complex will be provided with adequate fire protection arrangements such 

as underground water storage tank of 2 lakh litres capacity, one over head water storage 

tank of 20,000 litres capacity, fire pump, wet riser system, hose reel, hose box, fire alarm 

system, portable fire extinguisher, one standby DG set connected with lift, fire pump, 

emergency light. 

Main entrance to the complex shall be of adequate width to allow easy access to the fire 

fighting appliances. The proposed building shall be suitably compartmentalized so that 

fire/smoke remains confined to the area where fire incidents have occurred and does not 

spread to the remaining part of the building. The services, ESS standby generator, 

canteen, stores etc. must be segregated from other by erecting fire resisting wall of atleast 

4 hrs rating. 

The materials used for construction of the building shall be of non combustible. Non 

combustible materials shall only be used for the construction / erection of false ceiling 

including all fixtures and used for its suspension / erection etc. and shall be of low flame 

rating. 

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The standby electric generator shall be installed to supply power to staircase and corridor 

lighting circuit, ventilation and smoke extraction system, lifts, exit signs and fire pump in 

case of failure of normal electric supply. 

The construction of electric sub station and installation of transformers, LT and HT 

panels shall be as per the provisions specified by the DVB authorities. The HT and LT 

panels shall be separated with the walls of 4 hrs fire rating. Each transformer will be 

separated from the other by fire resistant shield wall extending up to one meters on sides 

above the highest point of the transformer so that fire risk is minimized. HT and LT 

panels shall be protected with manually operated CO2 protection system. 

Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in the entire building. The portable fire 

extinguishers shall be provided at strategic locations. Automatic fire detection system i.e. 

smoke / heat detection system shall be provided in the buildings. The system shall be 

connected to the fire alarm system. An emergency intercommunication system shall be 

provided for the entire building. The control room / security room with communication 

system to all floors and facility for receiving messages from different floors shall be 

provided at entrance on ground floor. 

It is also proposed to appoint a qualified fire officer in the building to maintain / look 

after fire fighting system / fire order. To prevent any fire hazard, good house keeping 

inside and outside the building shall be strictly maintained. 

7.6 Rainwater Harvesting Plan 

The project will adopt all appropriate methods on the proposed site for harvesting of 

rainwater. Four nos. of rainwater collecting pits having boreholes going to the permeable 

strata level will be provided in the complex. 

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The water table recharging pits of 24 meter overall depth will be constructed. They will 

have 3M x 3M x 3.65M deep clear inside chamber having 230 – 460 mm thick brick wall 

all around in cement mortar 1:4 (1 cement : 4 coarse sand), 760 mm wide x 200 mm deep 

PCC below brick work. The chamber shall be partially filled with stone ballast, coarse 

sand gravel and boulders as shown in Figure 7.1. Four nos. perforated 110 mm NB 

uPVC pipe 750 mm long one in each wall for taking the run off water into the recharging 

pit will be provided. The bottom pit portion shall have a dia of 350 mm, with a 200 NB 

slotted uPVC pipe of CS thick 23.5 M placed at center of pit having a GI perforated sheet 

cover at top for regulating the run off water to the bottom of the pit. The top cover shall 

be RC slab in 1:1.5:3 150 mm thick with reinforcement at top and bottom as per design 

with a precast RCC manhole cover MD -10 500 mm dia fixed in position. 

The storm water drains carrying the surface run off from the plot area will be directed 

towards these recharge pits. There will be a provision of sedimentation tanks where any 

silt or floating materials carried away by the flowing water will be settled down before 

the water enters the recharge area. Figure 7.2 gives the layout plan showing rain water 

harvesting pits in the proposed integrated complex. 

7.7 Landscaping and Green Belt Development Plan 

It is proposed to develop landscape and green area in approx. 28.49% of total plot area in 

academic complex and approx. 24.91% of total plot area in residential complex. The 

implementation for development of green belt is of immense importance, as it not only 

acts as a pollution sink for dust emissions, gaseous pollutants and noise pollution but also 

enhances the visual appearance of the developed site. 

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Figure 7.1: Cross Section of Rainwater Harvesting Recharging Pit 

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The species to be grown on the site will be fast growing native species having broad leaf 

base so that a permanent green belt is created in a short period. The effective plantation 

will also stabilize the soil and reduce any nuisance during windstorm. About 600 – 700 

numbers of trees will be planted. Some of the species of trees to be planted are: 

• Australian Kikar 

• Saptaparni 

• Neem 

• Kachanar 

• Kolar 

• Amaltas 

• Gulmohar 

• Basant Rani 

Besides this, the visual aesthetics of the proposed site will be enhanced by developing 

parks/lawn with local ornamental plants in the open spaces. Figure 7.3 shows the 

landscape and green belt development plan to be incorporated in the proposed project. 

7.8 Vehicle Parking and Management Plan 

The layout plan of the proposed site has developed an internal road network in such a 

manner that it will not only cater to various buildings but also integrate the whole 

complex in an interesting composition of built masses and open spaces with a pedestrian 

dominated movement pattern. 

Entry points to the complex have been worked out keeping in view the desired movement 

of vehicles. Main formal entry to the Administration block is planned from the main road 

on the Southern side, whereas a second entry is planned from the Western side for 

students. 

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The entry to the residential complex is planned from the side road on Eastern side. This 

road leads to the Metro rail station in sector-14 from where inhabitants of the residential 

complex will be able to communicate and travel to main city. 

Adequately wide roads to cater to two way traffic and to meet the fire regulations are 

planned in the complex. 

It is proposed to provide total equivalent car space (ECS) of 356 in the academic 

complex. This includes 126 ECS for open parking and 230 ECS for basement parking. 

The total area covered under open parking is 2913.134 sq. meters and in combined 

basement 7385.123 sq. meters. 

The total 115 ECS will be provided in the residential housing and 187 ECS in hostels. 

Parking facilities in the residential housing includes 79 ECS in open parking, 30 ECS in 

stilt parking and 6 ECS in covered garages. In the Hostels, 32 ECS will be provided in 

open parking and 155 ECS in basement. The total area covered in open parking in the 

residential complex is 2570.681 sq. meters, 857.005 sq. meters in stilt parking and 

4974.186 sq. meters in basement parking. 

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133



Figure 7.2: Layout Plan showing Rainwater Harvesting Recharging Pits Location 

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Figure 7.3: Layout Plan showing Landscape and Green Belt Development 

7.9 Energy Conservation Plan 

Various energy conservation measures to be adopted in the proposed project are 

described below: 

• Solar Architectural Features 

The proposed project will provide enough day light factors in the building to permit 

maximum day light to interior to minimize overall energy consumption. These features 

will also minimize the impact of climate both in summer and in winter and as a result, the 

use of electricity will likely to be reduced. The energy consumption per square foot of 

built up area has been assumed to be 9.0 Watt for academic complex and 3.0 Watt for 

residential complex. 

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• Thermal Characteristics of Building Envelope 

The proposed project will follow the following U-factors related to the building 

envelopes: 

- Roof U-value (max): 0.12 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

- Max U-value of over wall assembly: 0.36 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

- Window (max): 1.13 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

- Window to wall ratio: 3.13 Btu per hour per sq. ft per degree F 

• Characteristics of Glass 

The project will provide heat reflected, tinted and toughened glass having properties 

which will make it energy saving element in the building and shall provide safety and 

transparency of the desired level. The glass of 6 mm and weight of 15 kgs / sqm will be 

provided. 

• Energy Saving Measures 

- Use of solar water heating system has been proposed in the project for the 

residential complex. 

- Energy efficient appliances will be installed in the building. 

- Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy 

conservation will be employed. 

- Compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting system will be used 

- Sunscreen films on windows to reduce heating inside the buildings will be used. 

- Awareness on energy conservation will be raised among the users of the buildings 

in the complex. 

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 

Environmental monitoring of critical parameters is essential to assess the changes in 

environmental conditions, if any, during construction and operation of the project; to 

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monitor the effective implementation of mitigation measures; and to suggest for any 

additional mitigation measures in case of significant deterioration of environmental 

quality. 

It is proposed to monitor essential parameters for ambient air quality, ambient noise 

quality, ground water quality, and waste water quality both during the construction and 

operation phases of the project. 

8.1 Ambient Air Quality 


The ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out only during the construction 

phase of the project. The frequency of monitoring shall be twice every month at atleast 

three locations within 500 meter radius of the proposed site. The parameters to be 

monitored are Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Suspended Particulate Matter 

(SPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ), and Nitrogen Oxide (NO x ). 

8.2 Ambient Noise Quality 


Noise emissions from vehicular movement, operation of various construction equipments 

shall be monitored during construction phase. The frequency of monitoring shall be once 

every month at all important locations within 500 meter radius of the proposed site for 

L day , L night and L dn . 


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Ambient noise level within the complex will be monitored for L day , L night and L dn during 

the operation phase of the project at appropriate locations. The frequency of monitoring 

shall be once in six months. 

8.3 Ground Water Quality 


Ground water (if any) used for the construction and human consumption shall be 

monitored for the desired parameters as per BIS standards once in every month. 


It is also proposed to analyze ground water samples for the essential parameters once in 

every six months to ascertain any change in its quality due to regular usage. 

8.4 Wastewater Quality 

During project operation phase, a sewage treatment plant (STP) has been proposed to 

treat the sewage from both academic and residential complex. It is proposed to analyze a 

sample each before and after the STP once every fortnight. The parameters to be 

analyzed include pH, oil and grease, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, BOD, 

and COD. 

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9. COST ESTIMATES 

The total budget envisaged for implementation of Environmental Management Plan 

(EMP) shall be about Rs 2,78,00,000. The break up of the major items is: 

• Landscaping and Green Belt - Rs 

1,15,00,000 

• Rain Water Harvesting - Rs 4,00,000 

• Storm Water Drains - Rs 32,00,000 

• Sewage Treatment Plant (including recirculation of treated water) - Rs 20,00,000 

• Fire Safety and Protection - Rs 75,00,000 

• Drainage (Sewage lines) - Rs 27,00,000 

• Environmental Monitoring - Rs 5,00,000 

The Environmental Management Plan shall be effectively implemented so that optimum 

benefit could be achieved. The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan shall be 

synchronized with the construction schedules. 

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Pollutant 

Time Weighted 

average 

Annexure 1 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

Concentration in ambient air 

Method of 

measurement 

Industrial Area Residential, Rural 

& other areas, 

Sensitive 

Area 

1 2 3 4 5 6 

Sulphur Dioxide 

(SO2 ) 

Annual Average* 80 µg/m³ 60µg/m ³ 15 µg/m³ 1. Improved West 

and Gecke 

method 

Oxides of 

Nitrogen as NO2 

Suspended 

Particulate 

Matter (SPM) 

Respirable 

Particulate 

matter (size less 

than10 

um)(RPM) 

Lead (Pb) 

Ammonia 

Carbon 

Monoxide 

24 hours ** 120 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ 30µg/m³ 2. Ultraviolet 

fluorescence 

Annual Average* 80 µg/m³ 60µg/m ³ 15 µg/m³ 1. Jacob & 

Hochheister 

modified ( Na- 

Arsenite) 

Method 

24 hours ** 120 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ 30µg/m³ 2. Gas Phase 

Chemiluminesc 

ence 

Annual Average* 360 µg/m³ 140 µg/m³ 70 µg/m³ 

24 hours ** 500 µg/m³ 200 µg/m³ 100 µg/m³ 

Annual Average* 120 µg/m³ 60µg/m ³ 50µg/m ³ 

24 hours ** 150µg/m ³ 100µg/m ³ 75µg/m ³ 

Annual Average* 1.0µg/m ³ 0.75µg/m ³ 0.50µg/m ³ 

24 hours ** 1.5µg/m ³ 1.00µg/m ³ 0.75µg/m ³ 

High Volume 

Sampling (Average 

flow rate not less 

than 1.1 m ³/minute) 

RPM Sampler 

AAS Method after 

sampling using EPM 

2000 

or equivalent filter 

paper 

- 

Annual Average* 0.1mg/m ³ - - 

24 hours ** 0.4 mg/m ³ - - 

8 hours 5.0µg/m ³ 2.0µg/m ³ 1.0µg/m ³ Non dispersive 

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Monoxide 

(CO) 

I hour 10.0µg/m ³ 4.0µg/m ³ 2.0µg/m ³ infrared 

spectroscopy 

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform 

intervals 

** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed 

but not on two consecutive days. 

NOTE: 

a. National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety, 

to protect the public health, vegetation and property. 

b. Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category, it 

would be considered adequate reason to institute regular/continuous monitoring and further investigations. 

Annexure 2 

142



Annexure 3 

Standards for Occupational Noise Exposure 

143



144



Annexure 4 

Wastewater Discharge Standards 

S. No. Parameters DPCC Norm 

1. pH 6.0 – 8.5 

2. Oil and Grease



Annexure 5 

Standards / Guidelines for control of Noise Pollution from 

Stationary Diesel Generator (DG) Sets 

(A) 

Noise Standards for DG Sets (15-500 KVA) 

The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than, 94+10 log 10 (KVA), 

dB(A), at 

the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power rating of a DG set. 

This level should fall by 5 dB(A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then in 2007. 

(B) 

Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationary DG sets 

(5 KVA and above) 

Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by 

treating the 

room acoustically. 

The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum 

25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, which ever is on the 

higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to 

check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such 

circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction upto actual ambient 

noise level, preferably, in the night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be 

done at different points at 0.5m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged. 

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The DG set should also be provide with proper exhaust muffler with Insertion Loss of 

minimum 25 dB(A). 

(C) 

Guidelines for the manufacturers/users of DG sets (5 KVA and above) 

• The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of 25 dB(A) 

Insertion Loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler with Insertion Loss of 25 dB(A). 

• The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, 

outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper siting and 

control measures. 

• The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unlicenced DG sets as per 

standards prescribed under (A) 

• The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user's end, shall be within 2 dB(A) of 

the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing stage, as prescribed 

under (A). 

• Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendation of 

the DG set manufacturer. 

• A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set 

and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent 

noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use. 

Order of the Lt. Governor of Delhi in respect of D.G. Sets 

(5th December, 2001) 

In exercise of the powers conferred by section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 

1986, (29 of 1986), read with the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs 

notification S.O. 667 (E) bearing No. F.No. U-11030/J/91-VTL dated 10th September, 

1992, the Lt. Governor of Government of National Capital of Delhi hereby directs to all 

owners/users of generators sets in the National Capital Territory of Delhi as follows :- 

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• That generator sets above the capacity of 5 KVA shall not be operated in residential 

areas between the hours of 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM; 

• That the generator sets above the capacity of 5 KVA in all areas 

residential/commercial/industrial shall operate only with the mandatory acoustic 

enclosures and other standards prescribed in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 

1986; 

• That mobile generator sets used in social gatherings and public functions shall be 

permitted only if they have installed mandatory acoustic enclosures and adhere to the 

prescribed standards for noise and emission as laid down in the Environment 

(Protection) Rules, 1986. 

The contravention of the above directions shall make the offender liable for prosecution 

under section 15 of the said Act which stipulates punishment of imprisonment for a term 

which may extend to five years with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with 

both, and in case the failure of contravention continues, with additional fine which may 

extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such failure or contravention 

continues after the conviction for the first such failure or contravention and if still the 

failure or contravention continues beyond a period of one year after the date of 

contravention, the offender continues beyond a period of one year after the date of 

contravention, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may 

extend to seven years. 

Order Dated : 21st June, 2002 

In exercise of the powers conferred by section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 

1986 (29 of 1986) read with the Govt. of India, Ministry of Home Affairs notifivation 

S.O. 667(E) bearing No. U-11030/J/91-VTL dated the 10th September, 1992, the Lt. 

Governor Govt. of the National Capital Territory of Delhi hereby makes the following 

amendment/modification in his order dated the 5th December, 2001 regarding the 

operation of generator sets, namely:- 

Amendments/modifications 

148



In the above said order, for clause (1), the following shall be substituted, namely:- 

"(1) that the generator stets above 5KVA shall not be operated in residential areas 

between the hours from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. except generator sets of Group Housing 

Societies and Multi-storey residential apartments". 

Annexure 6 

Drinking Water Standards and Probable Effects on Human Health 

(BIS: 10500, 1991) 

S. Parameters 

Prescribed limits Probable effects 

No. 

Desirable Permissible 

1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 

2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 

3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 

4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. 

5 pH 6.5 8.5 Affects taste, corrosivity & supply system. 

6 HARDNESS, as CaCO 3, mg/l 300 600 Causes scaling, excessive soap consumption, 

calcification of arteries. 

149



7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 Causes staining of laundry and porcelain. In 

traces it is essential for nutrition. 

8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. 

Taste, indigestion, corrosion & palatability are 

affected. 

9 RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only 

when Water is chlorinated 

0.20 - Excessive chlorination causes asthma, colitis & 

eczema 

10 TOTAL DISSOLVED 500 2000 May cause gastro-intestinal irritation, corrosion 

SOLIDS, mg/l 

and laxative effect to new users. 

11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes 

rickets, essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac 

functions and in coagulation of blood. 

12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive 

may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes 

structural and functional changes. It is activator of 

many enzyme systems. 

13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency 

results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large 

amounts may result in liver damage, causes 

central nervous system irritation & depression. 

Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply 

systems. 

14 SULPHATE, as SO 4, mg/l 200 400 Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg 

or Na can have a cathartic effect. Concentration 

more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect. 

15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very high 

concentration causes gastric cancer and effects 

central nervous & cardiovascular system. 

16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 Reduces dental carries, very high concentration 

may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. 

17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, 

arterial hypertension, itai-itai (bone disease). Cd 

salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting & diarrhea. 

18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastrointestinal 

tract with vomiting and diarrhea. 

Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe 

abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, 

visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. 

19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 Essential & beneficial in human metabolism. 

Imparts astringent taste to water. 

20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Cr 6+ produces lung tumors, cutaneous and nasal 

150



mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. 

21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes skin damage, circulatory problems, 

increased risk of skin cancer. 

22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation Raises blood cholesterol, lowers blood sugar. 

23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 

24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 

25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic 

26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes nerve damage, thyroid problem. 

27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess 

causes gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and 

disturbs the cholesterol metabolism. 

28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and 

metabolism processes. Excessive causes change 

in appetite and reduction in metabolism of iron to 

form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and 

stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. 

29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation Leads to hair, finger loss, and numbness in fingers 

or toes, circulatory problems. 

30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 Affects central nervous system, salts may cause 

nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc. 

31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO 3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste, deleterious to humans in 

mg/l 

presence of high pH, hardness and TDS. 

32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs 

of body, affects immune and nervous systems. 

Carcinogenic. 

33 PHOSPHATE, as PO 4, mg/l No guideline High concentration causes vomiting & diarrhoea 

stimulates secondary hyperthyroidism and bone 

loss. 

34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline Harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal 

& circulatory diseases. 

35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline Essential nutrition element but excessive amounts 

is cathartic. 

36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in 

animals, can react with DNA resulting in DNA 

damage in animals. 

37 PATHOGENS 

1 10 Causes water borne diseases like coliform 

a)TOTAL COLIFORM 

jaundice; Typhoid, Cholera etc. produces 

No/dl 

b)FAECAL COLIFORM 

infections involving skin mucous membrane of 

eyes, ears and throat. 

No/dl 

151



38 RADIOACTIVITY: 

-BETA PARTICLES 

-ALPHA PARTICLES 

-RADIUM 

0-4 millirem/year 

0-15 picocuries/year 

0-05 picocuries/year 

Increases risk of cancer. 

152

proposed integrated complex for delhi judicial academy

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