Property Monthly Issue 1

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Sep-OCT 2014 

Property National Monthly 

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cy{tGqsf] cfwf/ klg xf] . o;y{ l/on O:6]6 tyf ljsf; 

lgdf{0f k|ToIf k/f]If ¿kdf ;a}sf] b}lgsL;Fu hf]l8Psf] / 

;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf] . 

o; If]qsf] Jofj;flos ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu 

/fHo, lghL If]q / cfd gful/sn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj tyf e"ldsf 

k|efjsf/L 9+udf lgjf{x ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu 

;/f]sf/jfnfsf] kx'Frdf ;do;fk]If, ;fGble{s / cBfjlws 

;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L cfjZos x'G5 . 

kof{Kt / ljZn]if0ffTds ;"rgfn] s'g} klg If]qsf] 

Jofj;flos lj:tf/df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] x'G5 . 

l/on O:6]6 / k"jf{wf/sf If]qdf ljZn]if0ffTds ;"rgf ;fdu|Lsf] 

cefj /x]sf] ;a}n] dx;'; u/]s} ljifo xf] . of] cefjnfO{ 

kl/k"lt{ ug]{ p2]Zon] l/on O:6]6 tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf ljifo 

;d]6\g] u/L …k|f]k6L{ dfl;sÚ k|sfzgdf NofOPsf] 5 . 

k|f]k6L{ dfl;snfO{ b]ze/ ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf 5f}+ 

. s]Gb|sf] ;"rgf df]km;ndf k'¥ofpg / df]km;nsf ;"rgf s]Gb|df 

Nofpg o;n] ;xof]u ug]{5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 5 . To;}u/L, 

df]km;nsf ;Defjgfsf ljifo phfu/ u/L To; If]qdf 

;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ 3r3Rofpg klg o;n] ;xof]u ug]{5 eGg] 

nfu]sf] 5 . 

csf]{tkm{, Jojl:yt a;f]af; / of]hgfa4 ;x/Ls/0f 

/fi6« ;d[l4sf] k|tLs xf] . o;sf] cfwf/ l/on O:6]6 

If]qsf] Jofj;flos lj:tf/ xf] . l/on O:6]6n] Jojl:yt 

;x/Ls/0fdf ;xof]u t u5{ g} ;Fu;Fu} /f]huf/L klg l;h{gf 

u/]sf] x'G5 . o;n] d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] af6f]df 

8f]¥ofpF5 . d'n'ssf] ;d[l4, cfly{s j[l4, /f]huf/L, Jojl:yt 

;x/Ls/0f cflb ldl8ofsf klg d'2f x'g\ . o;df k|efjsf/L 

¿kdf snd rnfpg ;s] ;du| If]qsf] ;d[l4d} ;xof]u k'U5 . 

;~rf/ dfWodsf] sfd ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ul/lbg', 

cj;/sf If]q klxNofpg ;xof]u ug'{ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf 

aLrdf 5nkmn u/fpg' klg xf] . k|f]k6L{ dfl;s oxL lbzfdf 

s]lGb|t x'g]5 . t;y{, o; klqsfdf ;d]l6Psf ;fdu|Ln] 

g]kfnsf] l/on O:6]6 If]qsf] lj:tf/, ;d:ofsf] klxrfg / 

;dfwfgsf] pkfo vf]Hg ;xof]uL aGg]5 eGg] xfd|f] ljZjf; 

/x]sf] 5 . 

o; If]qsf k|d'v lx:;]bf/ l/on O:6]6 k|f]km];gn 

-8]enk;{ tyf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, Ph]G6÷bnfn, a}+s tyf 

ljQLo ;+:yf, ;/sf/L lgsfox¿, nufgL sf]if tyf cGo 

;DalGwt ;]jf k|bfos_ / pkef]Qmfx? x'g\ . pgLx?;dIf 

pkof]lu / cfjZos u'0f:t/Lo kf7\o v'/fs tyf hfgsf/Lx? 

;+k|]if0fdf o; klqsf tyf k|sfzg u[x k|lta4 /xg]5 . ;xL / 

tYok"0f{ ;"rgflagf s'g} klg ljifosf] ljZn]if0f ;txL x'G5 . 

o;n] lgisif{df k'¥ofpFb}g . h;sf] c;/ pBf]u Joj;fodf k5{ 

/ cy{tGqnfO{ g} w/fzoL agfpF5 . csf]{tkm{ s'g} klg pTkfbg 

/ ;]jfsf] ljifodf u|fxsn] pko'Qm / jf:tljs hfgsf/L 

kfpg'kb{5 . xfd|f] k|of; o;}df s]lGb|t x'g]5 . 

xfd|f] k|of;nfO{ ;fy{s agfpgdf l/on O:6]6 / k"jf{wf/ 

ljsf;sf If]qdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf hf]l8Psf ;a} 

kIfsf] ;xof]u kfpg] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}+ . To;}u/L, xfd|f 

sdhf]/Lsf] ljifo cf}+NofO{ ;'wf/sf lglDt klg lg/Gt/ ;'emfjsf] 

ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+ . 

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atfPsf] 5 . 

kz'klt k]G6\;sf] kSsf pkxf/ 

b;}+ tyf ltxf/sf] cj;/df kz'klt k]G6\;n] kSsf pkxf/ 

of]hgf ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5 . h;df kz'klt k]G6\; vl/b 

ubf{ % ;o #% ;L;Lsf] 

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ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} sf7df8f}+ 

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klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] k'zklt 

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ah{/ k]G6\; vl/b ubf{ k|fKt s'kg :qm\ofr 

u/L uf8L lhTg ;lsg] ckm/ sDkgLn] NofPsf] 

5 . ah{/ k]G6\;n] b;}+sf] cj;/ kf/]/ o:tf] 

of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . 

g]/f]Nofssf] zfx¿v e]6\g] of]hgf 

g]/f]Nofs k]G6\;n] …3/ /+ufcf}+ zfx¿v vfgnfO{ e]6\g] 

;kgf ;hfcf}+Ú of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . of]hgfcGtu{t @% 

xhf/eGbf a9Lsf] g]/f]Nofs 

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sf8{df /x]sf] gDa/ -s]PgkL 

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zfx¿v vfg;“u e]6\g] cj;/ 

k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] atfOPsf] 5 . 

;f]N6L l;6Lsf] a8fb;}+ 

ckm/ 

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ckm/ ;'? ePsf] 5 . sDkgLn] b;}+sf] 

cj;/ kf/]/ ckf6{d]G6sf] a'lsª 

v'nf u/]sf] xf] . ;f]N6L l;6Ln] 

sf7df8f}+sf] ;f]N6L df]8df ckf6{d] 

G6 agfpg nfu]sf] xf] . k"0f{ ¿kdf 

kmlg{r/ ul/Psf], df]8'n/ lsrg, ;a} 

a]8?d / lnleª ¿ddf Po/ slG8;g 

;lxtsf] gd'gf ckf6{d]G6 sDkgLn] 

tof/ u/]sf] 5 . 

s]Pn 6fj/sf] b;}+ 

ltxf/ of]hgf 

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6fj/n] rf8kj{sf] cj;/df 

gof“ of]hgf ;~rfng u/]sf] 

5 . h;cGtu{t s]Pn 6fj/df 

;fdfg vl/b ug]{ u|fxsdWo]af6 

! hgfn] x/]s lbg sn;{ 

:df6{ kmf]g k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . 

To:t} ;fKtflxs ¿kdf Pshgf 

u|fxsn] ;fd;'ª $) OGr 

PnO{8L 6LeL, ;fd;ª /]lk|mh]/]6/ 

kfpg]5g\ . dfl;s pkxf/df 

jfl;ª d]l;g, aDk/ pkxf/df 

;'h'sL l:j; / Ps hf]8Ln] 

a}+ss 3'Dg hfg kfpg] s]Pn 

6fj/n] atfPsf] 5 . 

ef6e6]gLdf !) k|ltzt 5'6 

b;}+sf] cj;/df ef6e6]gL ;'k/ dfs]{6df 

sk8f lsGbf !) k|ltzt 5'6 kfOg] ePsf] 5 . 

ef6e6]gLn] b;}+sf] cj;/ kf/]/] s'tf{, ;f/L tyf 

cGo sk8fsf] vl/bdf !) k|ltzt 5'6 lbg nfu]sf] 

xf] . ef6e6]gLsf] ;a} zfvfdf o:tf] 5'6 k|fKt ug{ 

;lsg]5 . 

ebf} !) ut]af6 ;'? ePsf] kmlg{r/ P08 kmlg{l;ª PS:kf] -kmg]{S;_ 

@)!$ df ljleGg ljwfdf pTs[i6 ePsfx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/of] . d]nfsf] 

k|yd a]:6 :6n cjf8{ a]:6 OG6]l/o/n] k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] eg] låtLo 

ODk]l/on kmlgr{/ tyf t[tLo 6]Sgf]6«]8n] k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . To:t} …df]:6 

Ogf]e]l6e g]kfnL k|8S6Úsf] k'/:sf/ qmfkm\6 Dofgn] kfPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf 

kmlg{r/ tyf kmlg{l;ª Joj;fodf ljut % bzsb]lv nfu]sf nIdLk|;fb 

>]]i7 tyf Zofd;'Gb/ cu|jfnnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] . d]nfdf !& :jb]zL 

sDkgL tyf @) kmlg{r/ 

tyf kmlg{l;ª ;fdfg tyf 

sRrf kbfy{ cfoftstf{n] 

;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . 

@! ;fgf / $^ 7"nf :6n 

/x]sf] PS:kf]df sl/a 8]9 

nfvn] cjnf]sg u/]sf] 

cfof]hsn] atfPsf] 5 . 

gf8f c6f] ;f]–@)!$ 

sf7df8f}+sf] e[s'6Ld08kdf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] laqmL tyf k|bz{gLsf] 

nflu cfof]lht ( cf}+ gf8f c6f] ;f]–@)!Ú ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ebf} !* 

b]lv @# ut];Dd rn]sf] c6f] ;f]df Ps ca{ krf; s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf 

a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] lyof] . k|bz{gLdf rf/kfª\u|] / b'O{kfª\u|] u/L Ps 

xhf/ tLg ;o &% ;jf/L a'lsª ePsf] 5 . ^ lbg;Dd rn]sf] c6f] 

d]nfdf %% xhf/ bz{sn] cjnf]sg u/]sf lyP . ;'?df kf“r lbg dfq} 

ug]{ elgPsf] d]nf cjnf]sgstf{sf] pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf ePkl5 Ps 

lbg nDAofOPsf] lyof] . c6f] ;f]–@)!$ d"n cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;+of]hs 

zDe'k|;fb bfxfnn] d]nfsf] ;dfkg ub}{ c6f] Ô]qtkm{ dflg;x¿sf] rf;f] 

a9\b} uPsf] atfP . d]nfsf] dfWodaf6 pkef]QmfnfO{ clwstd kmfObf k'u]sf] 

cfof]hssf] bfaL 5 . 

;jf/L;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ 

hfgsf/L u/fpg 

g]kfn c6f] df]afOn 

l8n;{ P;f]l;P;g 

-gf8f_ n] ljut gf} 

jÈ{b]lv …gf8f c6f] 

;f]Ú cfof]hgf ub}{ 

cfO/x]sf] 5 . 

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ltkoV 

ldtJooL ;hfj6 

sf]bf] km'Nof] af/Ldf, 

wfgsf] afnf em'Nof] v]t}df, 

slt /fd|L b]lvG5\of} a/L n} 

hd/f / /ftf] 6Ls}df=== 

clgtf l;jfsf]6L 

em}+ b;}+++ cfPsf] cfef; 

aflx/L jftfj/0fn] g} 

uLtn] 

lbO/xsf] 5 . b;}+sf] :jfut 

ug{ clwsf+z g]kfnLsf] d'8 tDtof/ 

alg;s]sf] 5 . b;}+sf nflu g} eg]/ 3/ 

cfFug l;+ufg{ klg yfln;lsPsf] 5 . 

b;}+df 3/ ;hfpg] rng gofF eg] 

xf]Og . b;}+s} cj;/ kf/]/ 3/nfO{ lnkkf]t 

/ /+u/f]ug ug]{, au}+rfnfO{ uf]8d]n u/]/ 

;lh;hfp agfpg] k|rng jiff}{+b]lvsf] 

xf] . b;}+df 3/nfO{ c¿ a]nfdf eGbf 

leGg tl/sfn] ;hfpg] cfd k|rng 

5 . o;a]nf cfkm\gf] 3/nfO{ c¿sf] eGbf 

k[ys\ b]vfpg] xf]8afhL g} rN5 . …jif{df 

Psk6s t xf] lgÚ eGb} 3/ ;hfj6df dg 

vf]n]/ vr{ ug]{x¿ klg plQs} 5g\ . 

t/ 3/ ;hfpgsf nflu w]/} k};f 

vr{ ug'{k5{, w]/} d]xgt ug'{k5{ eGg] 

xf]Og . yf]/} k};f / d]]xgtdf klg 3/sf] 

;'Gb/tfnfO{ a9fpg ;S5f} . 3/nfO{ … 

km]l:6e d'8Ú lbg ;S5f}+ . 

w]/}h;f] OG6]l/o/ l8hfOg/x¿ 3/sf] 

z[+uf/ au}+rfb]lv g} ;'? x'g] atfpF5g\ . 

OG6]l/o/ l8hfOg/ lg? /fodfemL vqL klg 

3/ jl/kl/ /x]sf] a'6\ofgnfO{ cfsif{s 

l8hfOgdf l6«d ug]{ -sf6\g], 5f6\g], 

ldnfpg]_ ;Nnfx lblG5g\ . …au}+rfnfO{ 

uf]8d]n u/]/ udnfnfO{ /+u/f]ug u/L /fVbf 

o;n] cfFvfnfO{ cfglGbt agfpF5,Ú pgL 

elG5g\ …b'af] 7"nf] ePsf] 5, 3fF;x¿ 

knfPsf 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ klg sf65fF6 

ubf{ au}+rfsf] zf]ef a9]/ hfG5 .Ú 

au}+rfdf 7fpF k'U5 eg] 6]anx¿ 

/fVg ;lsG5 . 6]andf pHofnf] /+usf] 

6]ankf]; / s';L{df rs6Lsf] k|of]u ubf{ 

To;n] au}+rfnfO{ yk ;'Gb/tf lbG5 . 

To:t} au}+rfnfO{ cfsif{s agfpg ahf/df 

ljleGg vfnsf b]jLb]jtf / hLjhgfj/sf 

;]/fldS; kfOG5g\ . ltgsf] k|of]un] klg 

au}+rfnfO{ plhNofpg ;xof]u u5{ . 

;fFemdf l;/l;/ rn]sf] atf;df 

a:g'sf] dHhf g} a]Un} . ;fFemsf] ;do 

latfpgsf nflu au}+rfnfO{ c¿eGbf 

leGg tl/sfn] ;hfpg ;lsG5 . au}+rfdf 

k|of]u ul/Psf aQLx¿n] ;fFemdf yk 

/f]df~rstf yK5 . clxn] ahf/df ljleGg 

l8hfOgsf aQLx¿ cfPsf 5g\ . pko'Qm 

aQLsf] 5gf]6 u/L h8fg ug{ ;s] o;n] 

au}+rfsf] ¿k/+udf g} kl/jt{g NofOlbG5 . 

6]jn NofDk jf ljleGg l8hfOg, /+udf 

kfOg] aQLsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . 

b;}+sf] tof/L xtf/df eGbf Ps 

b'O{ dlxgfcl3b]lv g} Jojl:yt ¿kdf 

ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . b;}+sf] d'vd} lsgd]n 

nufotsf cGo sfddf Jo:t x'g] ePsfn] 

To;a]nf ;hfj6sf nflu rfx]hlt ;do 

lbg ;lsFb}g . klxNo} au}+rfdf la?jf 

nufpg ;s] ;g]{ df}sf kfpg]5g\ . au+}rfdf 

km"nx¿ km'Ng] / kmqmg] df}sf kfpF5g\ . 

au}+rfdf la:tf/} b'af] df}nfpF5 . ev{/} 

sfl6Psf] eGbf knfpg nfu]sf] b'af]n] 

au}+rfnfO{ ;'Gb/ b]vfPsf] x'G5 . 

au}+rfsf] ;hfj6kl5 3/ ;hfj6lt/ 

nfUg ;lsG5 . 3/ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf 

;'U3/ eP 3/ ;'Gb/ b]lvG5 . /+u/f]ug u/]/ 

3/df yk ;'Gb/tf yKg ;lsG5 . k"/} 3/df 

/+u/f]ug ug{ g;s] a}7s sf]7fdf dfq eP 

klg /+u nufpg] OG6]l/o/ l8hfOg/ vqLsf] 

;Nnfx 5 . 

snf kf/vL gLnd kf08]sf cg';f/ 

b;}+sf] cfsif{0f g} k"hf / a}7s 

sf]7f xf] . logsf] ;hfj6sf nflu 

/ftf] /+u pQd dflgG5 . /ftf] /+unfO{ 

zlQm / hf]zsf] k|tLs klg dflgg] 

ePsfn] k"hf sf]7fdf /ftf] /+u nufpg 

;lsg] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 . …/ftf] /+un] 

rf8kj{sf] k|ltlglwTj u5{,Ú pgn] 

elgg\ . 

jf:t'zf:qL /df bjf8Lsf cg';f/ 

sf]7fsf] k"j{ jf pQ/ s'gfdf Ozfg 

sf]0fdf b]jL eujtLsf] :yfkgf u/L b;}+df 

k"hfcfhf ug{' pQd x'G5 . b;}+3/sf] 5]pdf 

g} ljhofbzdL 6Lsf nufpg] Joj:yf ug{ 

;lsG5 . 6Lsf nufOlbg] JolQm k"j{ kms{g] 

/ 6Lsf yfKg] JolQm klZrd kms{g'k5{ . 

jf:t'sf] oxL lgodnfO{ cfwf/ dfGb} 6Lsf 

nufpg] 7fpF lglZrt u/]/ To;nfO{ b;}+sf] 

cjlwe/ ;hfP/ /fVg ;lsG5 . o:tf] 

7fpFdf dvdn jf /ftf] e]Ne]6sf] vf]n 

ePsf] sk8f k|of]u ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . b;+} 

ljhosf] k|tLs xf] . /ftf] /+un] ljho 

/ ;d[l4sf] ;+s]t u5{ . ;a}h;f] rf8– 

kj{df /ftf] /+usf] k|of]u x'G5 . o;afx]s 

xl/of] / ;'gf}nf] /+unfO{ klg k|fyldstfdf 

/fVg ;lsG5 . To:t}, 6LsfbfgLnfO{ 

l/Qf] /fVg'sf] ;6\6f /+uLr+uL km"n 

/fVb} rf8{kj{sf] dfxf]nnfO{ a9fjf lbg 

;lsG5 . 

3/sf] d'Vo k|j]z 9f]sfdf 38f 

/fVbf zf]ef a9\5 . o;sf nflu tfdf jf 

lkQnsf ufu|L g} /fVg'k5{ eGg] afWotf 

5}g . ljleGg lsl;dsf apn -;hfj6sf 

srf}/f_ / ;–;fgf v8\s'nfsf] k|of]u ug{ 

;lsG5 . b;}+df 3/sf] ;hfj6sf] s'/f 

ubf{ w]/}h;f] OG6]l/o/ l8hfOg/x¿ a]n'g, 

WjhfktsfeGbf km"n g} k|of]u ug{ ;Nnfx 

lbG5g\ . k"mn h'g;'s} :yfgdf k|uf]u ug{ 

;lsg], x]bf{ cfsif{s b]lvg] x'G5 . dgnfO{ 

cfglGbt agfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf km"ndf x'G5 . 

…d'v km/flsnf] ePsf] 7"nf srf}/f 

z}nLsf l;;f jf df6f]sf] efF8f] cyjf 

k/Dk/fut ¿kdf k|of]u x'g] v8\s'nf]el/ 

kfgL xfn]/ 9f]sfsf] b'O{ 5]pdf /fvL 

To;dfly ljleGg /+usf km"nx¿nfO{ 

t}¥ofpg ;lsG5 . o;n] lbg] cfgGb leGg 

vfnsf] x'G5,Ú vqL elG5g\ . 

To:t}, ;f]kmfdf sf]7fsf] /+u;Fu d]n 

vfg] vf]n xfNg ;lsG5 . vf]n gxfNg] 

xf] eg] ;f]kmfdf k|of]u ePsf rs6Ldf 

vf]n xflnlbg'k5{ . vf]n xfNbf ;'gf}nf] 

/+u / l;Ns jf dvdnsf] sk8f /f]Hg 

;lsG5 . o;n] sf]7fsf] ;f}Gbo{ a9fpg'sf 

;fy} sf]7f d"Nojfg klg b]lvG5 . 

…;f]kmfsf] vf]n;Fu ldNg] vfnsf] 

6]ankf]; k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . To;dfly 

csf]{ leGg /+usf] sk8f /fVg]lalQs} 

o;n] cs}{ ;'Gb/tf lbG5,Ú vqLn] elgg\, 

…To;dfly km"nbfgL /fVg ;lsG5 . 

cyjf apndf kfgL /fv]/ To;df leGg 

lsl;dsf aQLx¿ /fVg ;lsG5 .Ú To:t} 

6]an NofDkx¿sf] k|of]un] klg ;'Gb/tfdf 

yk lgvf/tf NofpF5 . 

b;}+df km"nsf] ;§fdf hd/fnfO{ klg 

;hfj6sf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] pgsf] 

wf/0ff 5 . b;}+F 3/df afx]s c¿ ;fgf– 

;fgf udnf jf ef8fdf hd/f /f]k]/ To;n] 

3/sf] z[+uf/nfO{ a9fpg ;lsG5 . s'g} 

7fpFaf6 NofOPsf] ljz]if dxTjsf] ;fdu|L 

5g\ eg] To;nfO{ sf]7fsf] cj:yfcg';f/ 

;hfpg ;lsG5 . 

sf]7fdf nufpg] /+un] sf]7fsf] 

:j¿kdf klg 7"nf] c;/ kf/]sf] x'G5 . 

7"nf] cfsf/sf] sf]7fdf k|foM uf9f /+unfO{ 

k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fgf] sf]7fnfO{ 7"nf] 

b]vfpg xNsf /+usf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . 

To:t}, 3fd gnfUg] jf sd k|sfz ePsf] 

sf]7fdf ;]tf] /+u nufpFbf pHofnf] 

b]lvG5 . 3fd gnfUg] sf]7fdf s8f /ftf], 

kx]nf]nufotsf uf9f /+usf] k|of]u ug'{ 

x'Fb}g . 

cfˆgf] /f]hfOcg';f/ sf]7fdf ePsf 

c¿ ;fdfgdf /+usf] ;+of]hg ug{ ;lsG5 . 

Pp6} /+usf] kbf{, ;f]kmfsf] vf]n jf sfk]{6 

k|of]u ubf{ Tolt cfsif{s b]lvFb}g . x]bf{ 

cfFvfnfO{ cfgGb lbg]u/L /+usf] ;+of]hg 

ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . ;]tf] sf]7fdf s;}nfO{ 

gLnf] /+u dg k5{ eg] gLn} sfk]{6 jf kbf{ 

k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . s;}n] xl/of] /+usf] 

sfk]{6 jf kbf{ k|of]u ubf{ klg x'G5 . /ftf] 

sfk]{6n] sf]7fnfO{ emg} pHofnf] agfpF5 . 

t/ ;]tf] /+u nufPsf] sf]7fdf /ftf] kbf{ 

k|of]u ubf{ w]/} pHofnf] eP/ sf]7fdf 

hfg} g;lsg] x'G5 . t;y{, cfkm"nfO{ 

dgkg]{ /+ux¿sf] k|efjsf/L ;+of]hg ug{ 

;s] 3/sf] ;'Gb/tfdf lgvf/ Nofpg 

;lsG5 . 

%

vkoj.k 

Pp6f ;'Gb/ 3/ hxf“ lgw{Ssn] hLjgofkg 

ug{ ;lsof];\ . cfkm\gf Oi6ldq, ;fyLefOnfO{ 

cfkm\g} 3/df :jfut ug{ kfOof];\ . cfkm\g} 

au}+rfdf cfgGbn] /Dg kfOof];\ . cfd dflg;sf rfxgf 

x'g\ oL . dflg; oxL ;kgfsf] jl/kl/ 3'ld/x]sf] 

x'G5 . 3/ eP ;'vL eOG5 eGg] dfGotfn] klg sfd 

u/]sf] x'G5 o;df . 

sltkon] ;lhn} oL ;kgf k"/f ug{ ;s]sf x'G5g\ 

eg] sltn] s7f]/ kl/>d ug'{k5{ . sltkon] rflx“ 

k'Vof}{nL ;DklQsf cfwf/df oL ;kgf ;fsf/ kf/]sf 

x'G5g\ eg] sltsf] ;kgf ;kgfd} ;Lldt /xG5 . 

dflg;x¿ 3/nfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;DklQsf] ?kdf 

lnG5g\ / sltkon] t lj/f;tsf] ?kdf klg . 3/n] 

dflg;sf] k|lti7f klg a9fOlbPsf] x'G5 . o;y{ 

o;nfO{ ;d[l4sf] k|ltljDa dfGg]x¿ klg k|z:t} 5g\ . 

;docg';f/ dflg;sf rfxgfdf klg ab\nfj cfO/x]sf] 

x'G5 . ;doqmd;“u} k/Dk/fut l8hfOgsf 3/ aGg 

5fl8;s] . 9'ª\uf, df6f], 6fon / lemª\u6Ln] 3/ 

agfpg] s'/f Oltxf; alg;s] . ;docg'¿k cfw'lgs 

l8hfOgsf] 3/ dflg;sf] ;kgf ePsf] 5 . hxf“ 

cfw'lgs ;'ljwf hl8t xf];\, h;n] b}lgsL yk ;xh 

agfcf];\ . 

3/;Fu hf]l8Psf oL efjgfx¿ ;fdfGo dflg;b]lv 

ljlzi6 ;a} JolQmsf] x'G5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ljlzi6 

ju{sf s]xL k|ltlglw JolQmx¿sf] cfjf;af/] k|f]k6L{ 

dfl;ssf] l/kf]6{ M 

ljlzi6 

JolQmsf]] a;fO 

lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfjf; 

/]UdL g]t[Tjsf] 

;/sf/df ux'|ª\uf] 

lvn/fh 

lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf 

JolQm x'g z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnf . cy{, 

pBf]u / jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf] 

^ 

z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgjf; 

g]t[Tj sf]O/fnfsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf lyof] . 

To;cl3 clws[taf6 ;/sf/L ;]jfdf 

k|j]z u/]sf pgL ;lrj eP/ cjsfz 

ePsf lyP . nfdf] ;do k|zf;lgs 

If]qdf latfPsf] / sl/a Ps jif{ dGqLsf] 

lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x u/]sf sf]O/fnfsf] 3/ 

sf7df8f}+sf] alQ;k'tnLdf 5 . 

@)%@ ;fndf b; cfgf hUufdf 

ag]sf] b'O{tn] 3/df a:b} cfPsf 

5g\ sf]O/fnf kl/jf/ . x'g t pgn] 

Ps}k6s b'O{ tn] 3/ agfPsf xf]Ogg\ . 

…3/sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug{ sl/a kGw| 

jif{ nfUof] . ;a} sfd Ps}k6s ug{sf 

nflu k};f lyPg . k6s k6s u/]/ 3/sf] 

lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf xf}+,Ú pgn] eg] . 

sf]O/fnfsf] k'Vof}{nL 3/ ef]hk'/ 

xf] . cWoog / /f]huf/Lsf l;nl;nfdf 

pgL sf7df8f}+ cfPsf x'g\ . @)$$ 

;fnaf6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]sf 

sf]O/fnfnfO{ To;a]nf sf7df8f}+df 3/ 

agfOPnf eGg] nfu]s} lyPg . …d]/f] 

cNksfnLg, dWosfnLg nIodf hflu/ 

vfP/ sf7df8f}+df 3/ agfpg] eGg] 

lyPg,Ú pgL ;DemG5g\ . 

;/sf/L ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf] 

s]xL jif{kl5 pgn] cy{ dGqfnodf sfd 

ug]{ cj;/ kfP . pgL cy{ dGqfnodf 

a}b]lzs ;xfotf ;dGjo dxfzfvfdf 

/x]/ sfd ub}{ lyP . To;}a]nf Pl;ofnL 

ljsf; a}+s -P8LaL_ df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] 

k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfP . 

pgn] b'O{ jif{ lkmlnlkG;sf] dlgnfdf 

/x]/ P8LaLsf nflu sfd u/] . To;kl5 

dfq sf]O/fnfn] 3/sf] ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ 

agfpg ;s]sf x'g\ . pgsf] hLjgsf 

7"nf v';Lx¿dWo] of] klg dxTjk"0f{ xf] . 

To;a]nf b; cfgf hUuf lsGgsf nflu 

!( nfv ?k}ofF nufgL ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . 

…of] x}l;ot P8LaLs} hflu/n] agfOlbPsf] 

xf],Ú sf]O/fnf eG5g\ . 

b; cfgf hUufnfO{ pgn] k|efjsf/L 

¿kdf pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . 3/ cufl8sf] 

7"nf] au}+rf / kfls{ªn] 3/sf] zf]efnfO{ 

6]jf lbPsf] 5 . …To;a]nf b'Mvlhnf] 

u/]/ ;fdfGo 5fk|f] eP klg agfp eGg] 

nfu]sf] lyof] . cfsf/sf] lx;fan] hUuf 

klg vf;} ldn]sf] lyPg,Ú pgn] eg], 

…;s];Dd 3/nfO{ hUufsf] k5fl8 3s]n]/ 

3/ agfPsf 5f}+ . 3/sf] cufl8 v'nf 

7fp“ lgsfNg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfn] sfd 

u/]sf] lyof] .Ú 

…cfheGbf aL; jif{cufl8 

sf]l/Psf] 3/sf] l8hfOg kl/jf/n] vf;} 

dg k/fPsf xf]Ogg\ . clxn] ;fyLx¿n] 

klg o;nfO{ dg k/fpFb}gg\,Ú pgL eG5g\, … 

dnfO{ eg] ;fx}| dg k/]sf] 5 .Ú d]xgtsf] 

kl;gfn] 7l8Psf] eP/ xf]nf 3/sf] 

l8hfOgdf vf;} q'l6 b]Vb}gg\ pgL . 

d"n u]6af6 leq l5gf{;fy b]a|]kl§ 

au}+rf 5 . au}+rfdf ljleGg k|hfltsf 

@)&! c;f]h

vkoj.k 

snfsf/sf] cfjf; 

tLg tNnfsf] kx]+nf] 3/, 3/sf] d"nu]6df :jfutsf nflu /flvPsf] 

;–;fgf v8\s'nf] / To;el/ kfgL . kfgLdf t}l//x]sf ljleGg 

/+uLla/+uL km"nx¿ . leq l5g]{lalQs} Ps lsl;dsf] cfgGbsf] 

;~rf/ hf]sf]xLdf x'G5 . 3/sf] gfd lsg cfgGb s'~h /flvof] eGg] ljifodf 

yk vf]hLgLltsf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . k|l;4 ufos cfgGb sfsL{sf] 3/ xf]– 

cfgGb s'~h . 

…k|z:t k};f eP/ geP tfklg d]xgt ug]{ ;dodf Pp6f 3/ t agfpg}k5{ 

eGg] ;f]rn] agfPsf] 3/ xf] of],Ú sfsL{n] eg], …To;}n] ;a} ;kgf of] 3/df ptfg{ 

;lsPsf] 5}g .Ú 

x'g t pgn] k};f ePsf] a]nfdf cfkm\gf] ;kgfcg';f/sf] 3/ gagfPsf 

klg xf]Ogg\ . sf7df8f}+sf] k]lK;sf]nfdf cfheGbf * jif{cufl8 snsQfaf6 

OlGhlgo/ lemsfP/ ;kgfsf] 3/ agfPsf lyP pgn] . ;kgfnfO{ ljkgfdf ptfbf{ 

w]/}sf] jfxjfxL klg kfPsf lyP sfsL{n] . t/, pgn] 3/ agfP dfq} a:g eg] 

kfPgg\ . agfPnuQ} cfOk/]sf] 3/fo;L ;d:ofsf] sf/0f pgn] ;kgfsf] 3/ 

a]Rg'k¥of] . 

sfsL{sf] tLgs'g]sf] 3/ klg ;lhn} ag]sf] rflxF xf]Og . pgsf] gfddf 

hUuf kf; x'g'cl3 g} Ps cw{a}+;] JolQmn] pgsf] k};f lnP/ lxFl8;s]sf] lyof] . 

hUuf kf; ul/lbG5' eg]/ k};f nu]sf] dfG5];Fu Ps jif{;Dd ;Dks{ gxF'bf sfsL{n] 

k};f lkmtf{ cfpg] jf hUuf kf; x'g] cfzf dfl/;s]sf lyP . t/, d]xgtsf] kmn 

v]/ hfFb}g eg]em}+ k};f nfg] JolQmsf efO Ps jif{kl5 cfP/ sfsL{sf] gfddf 

hUuf kf; ul/lbP . 

u'ld;s]sf] hUuf lkmtf{ ePkl5 pgdf v';Lsf] ;Ldf g} /x]g . To;kl5 

lbg/ftsf] d]xgtaf6 3/ agfPsf x'g\ sfsL{n] . ;'? u/]sf] emG8} 8]9 jif{kl5 

tof/ u/]sf] 3/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg gx'Fb} gfdsf/0f e};s]sf] lyof] To;}n] 3/sf] 

sDkfpG8 jfn tof/ x'gf;fy …cfgGb s'~hÚsf] g]dKn]6 a:of] . 

hUufsf] If]qkmn !) cfgf eP klg 3/ agfpFbf To;sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u 

ePsf] b]lvFb}g . au}+rf 3/sf] k5fl8kl§ k/]sf] 5 . lrl6Ss ;lhPsf] au}+rfsf] 

Pp6f s'gfdf t'n;Lsf] df]7 5 . 3/sf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] efudf dlGb/ agfPsf 

5g\ sfsL{n] . …@% jif{sf] cNnf/] pd]/df agfPsf] 3/ xf] of] . To;a]nf g 

jf:t'df Wofg uof] g hUufsf] pkof]u ug]{ ljifodfÚ sfsL{ eG5g\ . Pe/]:6 xf]6n 

-To;a]nfsf] xf]6n ;]/f6g_ df /flt uLt ufPsf] k};fn] pgn] cfgGb s'~h 

agfP . 

tLghgfsf] kl/jf/sf nflu ag]sf] tLgtn] cfgGb s'~hsf] e'O{+ tnfdf 

kfFrj6f sf]7f 5g\ . h;dWo] b'O{j6f lsrg / 8fOlgª ?dsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf] 

sf]O/fnfsf] k':tsfno sf]7f 

a}7s sf]7f 

@)&! c;f]h 

km"nx¿ km'n]/ jftfj/0f g} dgdf]xs agfPsf] 5 . ToxL 

au}+rfdf ?b|fIfsf] ¿v 5 . emG8} 3/ hlQs} cUnf] ¿vdf 

n6/Dd ?b|fIf kmn]sf 5g\ . d"n u]6sf] ;Lwf Kof;]h 5 . 

To;}nfO{ kfls{ªsf] ¿kdf klg k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . 

sf]O/fnf wd{df a9L g} ljZjf; /fVg] ePsfn] klg 

xf]nf 3/ agfpFbf ;a}eGbf klxn] k"hf sf]7fnfO{ Wofg 

lbPsf lyP . hxfF pgL clxn] klg x/]s lbg sl/a Ps 

3G6f latfp“5g\ . 

pgsf] b'O{tn] 3/df b; sf]7f 5g\, h;nfO{ 

k|efjsf/L ¿kdf pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ pgsf kl/jf/n] . 

e'O+{ tNnfsf] kfFr sf]7fnfO{ a}7s, cWoog / efG5f 

sf]7fsf nflu pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . 3/sf] d"n 9f]sfaf6 

k|j]z u/]kl5 bfofFlt/ a}7s sf]7f 5 . a}7s sf]7fdf 

a]tsf kmlg{r/ ;hfP/ cfsif{s agfOPsf] 5 . sf7sf 

snfTds 6]an tyf cGo kmlg{r/n] sf]7fsf] zf]ef emg\ 

a9fPsf] 5 . ToxL a}7s sf]7f xF'b} cWoog sf]7fdf 

k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 . cWoog sf]7fdf /x]sf] 7"nf b/fhdf 

;flxTo, hLjg bz{g, e"uf]n / Oltxf;sf k':tsx¿ 

ldnfP/ /flvPsf 5g\ . t/, sf]O/fnf eg] pQm sf]7fdf 

w]/} a:b}gg\ . …;fg}b]lv cf]5\ofgd} a;]/ cWoog ug]{ 

afgL a:of] . clxn] klg ToxL afgL 5,Ú pgn] eg] . 

d"n9f]sfsf] afofFlt/sf] efu lsrg / 8fOlgª ?dsf 

nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L, dflyNnf] tNnfdf 

/x]sf sf]7fx¿nfO{ k"hf sf]7f, :6f]/ / a]8 ?dsf ¿kdf 

k|of]u ul/Psf 5g\ . 

3/sf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ k|of]u af;:yfg / ;a} 

vfn] ;'/Iffsf nflu xf] . …3/ eg]sf] dflg;sf] cfwf/e"t 

cfjZostf / cfTd;'/Iffsf] ;a}eGbf alnof] xltof/ xf],Ú 

pgL eG5g\ . z 

cfgGb sfsL{sf] lgjf; 

&

vkoj.k 

5 . d"n9f]sfaf6 leq l5g]{lalQs}sf] b]a|]kl§ 

Do'lhsn ?d 5 . hxfF pgsf] clwsf+z ;do 

laTg] u/]sf] 5 . pgsf] 3G6f}+ l/ofh ug]{ / gofF 

l;h{gfn] kfn'jf xfNg] 7fpF klg oxL xf] . cfgGb 

sfsL{n] clxn];Ddsf] ;f+uLlts ofqfsf qmddf 

kfPsf cjf8{x¿ ToxL+ 5g\ . h;n] sf]7fnfO{ 

;lh;hfp agfPsf] 5 . ;f]s];el/ cjf8{x¿ 

5g\ . h'g pgsf] nf]slk|otf / k|lti7fsf k|df0f 

x'g\ . sf]7fsf] csf]{kl§ s'gfdf snsQfaf6 

NofOPsf] tfgk"/f 5 . leQfdf pgsf dgkg]{ 

ufos÷ufoLsfsf tl:a/ ;lhPsf 5g\ . ljleGg 

;Ddfg / cjf8{ kfpFbfsf If0fdf lvlrPsf 

tl:a/n] klg sf]7fnfO{ yk ;'Gb/tf k|bfg u/]sf] 

5 . g]kfnL sfk]{6 la5\ofOPsf] o; sf]7fsf] 

aLrdf xfdf]{lgod / 5]pd} ljB'tLo tfgk'/f 

/ tanf /flvPsf] 5 . k];fut cfj4tfsf 

sf/0fn] klg xf]nf sfsL{nfO{ pgsf] 3/el/sf] 

;a}eGbf dgkg]{ 7fpF oxL …Do'lhsn ?dÚ g} xf] . 

dfa{n la5\ofOPsf] pgsf] 3/sf sf]7fdf …xf]d 

d]s/Úsf sf7sf kmlg{r/ 5g\ . …k'/ftflTjs emNsf] 

lbg] cfw'lgs z}nLsf kmlg{r/ dg k5{ . o;sf/0f 

w]/}h;f] kmlg{r/ To:t} lsl;dsf 5g\,Ú pgn] eg] . 

sfsL{sf] a}7s sf]7f 

sfsL{sf] Do'lhsn ?d 

3/ aflx/ lg:sFbf ljz]if dxTjsf ;fdu|L e]6] eg] 

Nofpg e'Nb}gg\ sfsL{ . 3/ ;hfj6df ljz]if Wofg 

lbg] sfsL{nfO{ ;fgf dl;gfeGbf klg ;hfj6sf 

7"nf ;fdu|L dg k5{g\ . 

3/sf sf]7fdf ;]tf] /+u kf]ltPsf] 5 . 

o;n] sf]7fnfO{ pHofnf]sf ;fy} df]xs klg 

agfPsf] 5 . eG5g\, …;]tf] /ªn] cfglGbt 

agfpF5 . dgnfO{ zLtntf lbG5 . ;]tf] /+u 

zflGtsf] k|tLs klg xf] .Ú efG;f sf]7fdf eg] 

xl/of] /+u nufOPsf] 5 . …xNsf xl/of] /+u efG;f 

sf]7fdf ;'xfpg] /+u xf],Ú sfsL{sf] 7DofO 5 . 

3/sf] aflx/kl§ eg] kx]nf] /+u nufOPsf] 5 . 

kx]+nf]n] u|xbzf gfz ug{ ;xof]u ug]{df pgL 

ljZjf; /fV5g\ . 

3/sf] t];|f] tnfdf /x]sf] a]8?dsf] 

leQfdf sfsL{ / pgsf] >LdtLsf] kmf]6f] 5'§f5'§} 

/flvPsf] 5 . ;Fu}sf] sf]7fnfO{ eg], …r]lGhª 

?dÚsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ pgn] . 

sf7df8f}+sf] tLgs'g]df !( jif{cl3 agfPsf] 

3/ sfsL{sf nflu cfgGb / ;Gt'li6sf] s'~h 

ag]sf] 5 . …d]/f] :ju{ g} oxL xf]Ú pgL eG5g\, . … 

of] 3/df a:g yfn]kl5 wdfwd sfd kfpg yfn+] . 

aLr}df /f]lsPsf sfdn] klg ult lnP . To;}n] 

cfh d ;a}n] lrGg] ePsf] 5',Ú pgn] eg] . z 

pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf 

cWoIf k|bLkh+u kf08]sf] kl/jf/ 

g]kfn 

;}lgs ;]jfdf lyof] . tyflk 

kf08]n] afa'afh]n] ckgfPsf] k];f 5f]8]/ 

Joj;fo /f]h] . cf}iflwsf] Joj;fo 

ul//x]sf kf08]n] Joj;fodf nfu]kl5 

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf cWoIf k|bLkh+u kf08]sf] lgjf; 

3/ agfPsf x'g\ . kf08]sf] k'Vof}{nL 

ynf] sf7df8f}+sf] If]qkf6Ldf xf] . b'O{ 

bzscl3 sf7df8f}+sf] d'Vo ahf/ eg]s} 

Go'/f]8, If]qkf6L, c;g, l8NnLahf/ g} 

lyP . kf08] vfgbfgL kl/jf/ ePsfn] 

klg To;a]nfsf] d'Vo ;x/L If]qd} pgsf] 

Joj;foLsf] cfjf; 

a;f]af; lyof] . 

kf08]n] k'Vof}{nL k];f dfq} 

5f8]gg\ . k'Vof}{nL ynf] klg 5fl8lbP . 

pgn] cfheGbf #% jif{cufl8 If]qkf6L 

5f]8]/ afn'jf6/df a;f]af;sf] aGbf]a:tL 

u/]sf x'g\ . To;a]nf kf08]n] sl/a Ps 

nfv ?k}ofF nufgLdf 8]9 /f]kgL hUuf 

vl/b u/]/ 3/ agfPsf lyP . …tLg 

bzscl3;Dd afn'jf6f/df Ps /f]kgL 

hUufsf] ^)÷^% xhf/ ?k}ofF kb{Yof] . 

To;a]nf 3/ agfpg rf/ nfv hlt eP 

k'UYof],Ú kf08]sf] cg'ej 5, …hUuf lsGg 

/ 3/ agfpg ;d]t To;a]nf s/La kf“r 

nfv nufgL ePsf] lyof] .Ú To;a]nf 

kfFr nfvdf hf]8]sf] ;DklQsf] d"No 

clxn] sl/a ;ft s/f]8 k'u]sf] pgL 

atfpF5g\ . 

8]9 /f]kgL If]qkmndWo] pgn] @ 

xhf/ ju{lkm6df b'O{ tnfsf] 3/ agfPsf 

5g\ . af“sL hUufdf kfls{ª, au}+rf / 

s/];faf/L 5 . s]xL ;docl3;Dd pgsf] 

sDkfpG8df ljjfxsf] kf6L{;d]t ug{ k'Ug] 

hUuf vfnL lyof] . t/, cl3Nnf] jif{af6 

;'? ePsf] ;8s lj:tf/ of]hgfsf 

sf/0f s]xL hldg u'dfP . 

pgsf] 3/sf] cufl8kl§ 

b'af];lxtsf] au}+rf 5 . au}+rfdf 

:jb]zL / ljb]zL hftsf ljleGg km"n 

nufOPsf] 5 . h;n] 3/sf] ;'Gb/tfdf 

yk zf]ef a9fPsf] 5 . au}+rfdf ePsf 

w'kL / a]udjnLsf af]6n] zLtntf 

k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . 3/j/k/ xl/ofnL 

jftfj/0f x'g'k5{ eGg] kf08]sf] dfGotf 

5 . 

xl/of] / cuf{lgs t/sf/L 

pgsf] s/];faf/Ld} pTkfbg x'G5 . 

3/df k|of]u x'g]dWo] %) k|ltzt df};dL 

t/sf/L s/];faf/Laf6} pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 

kf08n] atfP . 

wd{ sd{df lgs} ljZjf; 

/fVg]dWo]df k5{g\ kf08] . t;y{, 3/df 

5'§} k"hfsf]7f x'g'k5{ eG5g\ pgL . 3/ 

agfpFbf g} jf:t'nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbPsf 

* @)&! c;f]h

vkoj.k 

/x]sf] sf]7f sfo{stf{ / cfuGt's;Fu 

e]63f6sf nflu k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] 

5 . csf{ b'O{ sf]7f cfuGt'sx¿sf] 

k|tLIff:yn xf] . csf{] Ps sf]7fdf 

cfuGt'ssf nflu lrof agfpgsf 

nflu lsr]g 5 . 

e'O{+ tnfdf /x]sf] 

k|tLIff:yndWo]sf] Ps sf]7fdf k':ts 

¥ofs /flvPsf] 5 . h;df /fhgLlt, 

bz{g, ;flxTo cflbsf k':tsx¿ 

;hfOPsf 5g\ . k':ts ¥ofs;Fu}sf] 

b/fhdf cf]nLn] ;+uLtsf ;fdu|L /fv]sf 

k':ts, cGt//f{li6«o :t/sf ljleGg 

;Ddfg / k'/:sf/sf k|df0fkq / ljleGg 

;dosf cfkm\gf tl:a/x¿ em'G8\ofPsf 

5g\ . ;f]xL sf]7fdf ;fgf] k':tsfno 

klg 5 . bf];|f] tnfsf cGo sf]7fx¿ 

…a]8 ?dÚsf ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ . 

h;nfO{ cf]nLsf cfkmGt / ;xof]uLn] 

k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . 

t];|f] tnfdf tLg sf]7f 5g\ 

hxfF pgsf] efG5f / zogsIf 

5 . sfo{stf{ / cfuGt's e]63f6sf] 

afSnf] bafadf /xg] u/]sf cf]nLsf] 

/fhgLlt1sf] cfjf; 

Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]nLsf] 

eQmk'/sf] afnsf]6l:yt tLgtn] 

3/ !@ jif{cl3 agfOPsf] xf] . 

xNsf xl/of] / kx]+nf] /+u ldl>t 3/sf] 

sDkfpG8leq ;fgf] s/];faf/L, b'O{j6f 

;'/Iffkf]:6 / ;fgf] njL 5 . njLdf 

6]an6]lg; -l66L_ af]8{ 5 . h'g c:yfoL 

g]skf Pdfn] cWoIf s]kL cf]nLsf] lgjf; 

¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] xf] . hxfF km';{bsf] 

;dodf cfkm\gf ;xof]uL / ;'/IffsdL{;Fu 

pgL ToxLF l66L v]N5g\ . slxn]sfxLF 

cfkmGt / sfo{stf{sf] hd36 x'Fbf njLd} 

;fd"lxs vfglkgsf] sfo{qmd klg x'G5 . 

tLgtn] 3/sf] e'O{+ tnfdf rf/ sf]7f 

5g\ . d"n9f]sfjf6 leq l5gf{;fy b]a|]lt/ 

5g\ . ;do ;dodf cfkm" lgs6sf 

snfsf/nfO{ af]nfP/ uLt ;+uLt ;'G5g\ 

cf]nL . o;/L uLt ;'Gbf cf]nL eg] 

xfdf]{lgod / tjnf ahfpg] u5{g\ . t/, 

pgL la/fdL ePkl5 eg] xfdf{]lgod / 

tanf ahfpg 5f]8]sf 5g\ . sf]7fd} 

cf]nLsf 5foflrq, lbj+ut g]tfx¿sf 

tl:a/ / ;lxbx¿sf tl:a/ /flvPsf 

5g\ . 

bf];|f] tnfdf klg rf/ sf]7f 

5g\ h;dWo] PsnfO{ cf]nLn] ljlzi6 

cfuGt'sx¿;Fusf] e]63f6:yn 

agfPsf 5g\ . pQm sf]7fdf pgn] 

3/df cfuGt'sx¿sf] ;jf/L;fwgsf] 

klg tfFtL nfU5 . h;sf sf/0f pgsf] 

3/sf] ;fgf] sDkfpG8df kfls{ªsf] 

eg] b'Mv 5 . sDkfpG8leq gc6]sf 

;jf/L ;fwg eg] aflx/sf] ;8sdf 

k/;Dd} tfFtL nfu]sf x'G5g\ . 

sDkfpG8leq ;fgf] s/];faf/L klg 

5 . hxfF ljleGg df};dL t/sf/L 

nufOPsf] 5 . s/];faf/Ls} jl/kl/ 

ljleGg hftsf km"n / w'kLsf 

;–;fgf a'6\ofgx¿ 5g\ . h;n] 

pgsf] s/];faf/L / 3/nfO{ klg zf]ef 

lbPsf] 5 . z 

! @ 

# $ 

s;sf] cfjf; < 

-!_ dfwjs'df/ g]kfn -@_ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf -#_ x[bo]z lqkf7L 

-$_ z/bl;+x e08f/L -%_ nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb 

-^_ lvdnfn b]jsf]6f -&_ emngfy vgfn -*_ g/xl/ cfrfo{ 

* 

% ^ & 

5g\ /] pgn] . eG5g\, …jf:t'nfO{ ljZjf; 

ug'{k5{ / cfjZos klg 5 .Ú 

pgsf] a'emfOdf 3/df cfpg] kfx'gf 

/ cfkm\g} kl/jfl/s hd36sf nflu a}7s 

sf]7f clgjfo{ x'G5 . …cltly ;Tsf/sf 

nflu klg 5'§} sf]7f x'g'k5{,Ú kf08]n] 

eg] . kf08]sf 3/df o:tf ^ j6f sf]7f 

5g\ . 

kf08]n] 3/sf] cfGtl/s ;hfj6df 

@)&! c;f]h 

:jb]zL j:t'nfO{ g} d'Vo k|fyldstf 

lbOPsf] b]lvG5 . eG5g\, …:jb]zL 

j:t'nfO{ g} k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ;s] cy{tGqdf 

;'wf/ x'G5 . 3/df ePsf ;a}h;f] 

kmlg{r/ :jb]zL g} k|of]u u/]sf] 5' .Ú h'g 

7fp“df h'g rLh kfOG5 ToxL k|of]u ug{ 

;s] :yfgLo:t/df /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ 

l;h{gf x'g] pgsf] dfGotf 5 . 

pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] cWoIf 

Pj+ k|ltli7t Joj;foL ePsf gftfn] 

:jb]z / ljb]z e|d0f lgs} x'G5 

kf08]sf] . dxf;+3sf] cWoIf ePkl5 

pgsf] a;fO cfkm\g} 3/df eGbf aflx/ 

a9L x'g yfn]sf] 5 . t/, ljb]z e|d0fdf 

hfFbf 3/fo;L ;hfj6sf j:t' NofOxfNg] 

afgL eg] 5}g pgsf] . :jb]z e|d0fsf 

qmddf rflxF s'g} gf}nf] / dg kg]{ j:t' 

b]v] eg] NofOxfN5g\ . b'O{ bzs cufl8 

agfPsf] 3/nfO{ kf08]n] a]nfa]nfdf 

dd{t u/]/ ;doqmdcg';f/ …cku|]8Ú ub}{ 

NofPsf 5g\ . …klxn] df:6/ ?ddf dfq} 

P6\ofr afy?d x'GYof] . afy?dsf] ;femf 

k|of]u x'GYof] . clxn] ;a} sf]7fdf P6\ofr 

afy?dsf] rng cfPsf] 5Ú pgn] eg], 

…;dosf] kl/jt{g;“u} cfjZostf klg 

al9/x]sf 5g\ . ToxL cfjZostfcg';f/ 

…PS:6]G;gÚ / …cku|]8Ú ul//xsf 5f}+ .Ú 

3/ agfpFbf jftf/0fnfO{ klg ljz]if Wofg 

lbg'kg]{ kf08]n] ;'emfP . …3/ j/k/ s]xL 

dfqfdf vfnL hUuf 5f]8\g'k5{ . Psftkm{ 

o;n] 3/nfO{ ;'Gb/ b]vfpg ;xof]u 

u5{ eg] csf{tkm{ ToxL vfnL 7fpFaf6 

hldgdf kfgL k:g kfpF5,Ú pgn] eg] . t/, 

kl5Nnf] ;dodf b]lvPsf] vfnL 7fpFdf 

klg Knf:6/÷9nfg ug]{ k|rngb]lv lbSs 

/x]5g\ pgL . z 

(

okLrq 

jf:t' lj1fg ;Dk"0f{ lj1fg 

xf] . jf:t';Ddt ljlwaf6 lgdf{0f 

gePsf clkm;, a;f]af;, 

;/;fdfgsf] clgolGqt Joj:yfsf 

sf/0f g]kfnL skf{]/]6 If]qdf cl:y/tf, 

gf]S;fgk"0f{ Jofkf/ / Jofkf/3f6f a9\bf] 

5 . skf{]/]6 hut\ czfGt 5 . To;af6 

pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofsf sf/0fn] jf:t';Ddt 

;'v k|fKt u/]sf 5}gg\ . 

skf{]/]6 jf:t'sf] k/fdz{ lbFbf 

cg]sf}+ tYonfO{ ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 . h;af6 

pBf]u, sn sf/vfgf sfof{nosf] 

Joj:yfkg;DdGwL sfo{df ;kmntf k|fKt 

xf];\ . 

jf:t'zf:qcg';f/ sfof{nodf 

;fdu|Lx¿sf] Joj:yfkg u/]df Jofkf/ 

skf]{/]6 jf:t' 

;xh ¿kn] cufl8 a9\g ;S5 . ;Dk"0f{ 

/fd|f sfdx¿ ug{ ;lsG5 . sfof{nodf 

ef/L ;fdfgx¿ blIf0fkl§ /fVg] . 

klZrdaf6 k"j{ kmsf{P/ b/fhdf kmfOnx¿ 

/fVg], kfgLsf] ;|f]t sfof{nosf] pQ/k"j{ 

s'gfdf /fVg] . kfgLsf] ;|f]tnfO{ pQ/ 

k"j{df /fVbf ;sf/fTds pmhf{sf] ;~rf/ 

x'G5 . dfgl;s tgfj sd x'G5 . 

clkm; 6]a'ndfly cgfjZos 

/+usf] z'e–cz'e 

;fdfgx¿ slxNo} klg g/fVg] . cgfjZos 

kmfOn, lau|]sf] 6]lnkmf]g;]6, lau]|sf, 

efFlrPsf ;fdu|Lx¿ sfof{noleq g/fVg] . 

d;L ;lsPsf] snd klg alh{t 5 . 

sfof{nodf a:bf cfk\mgf] bflxg]kl§ 

6]lnkmf]g;]6 /fVg] . sDKo'6/ of Nofk6k 

pQ/ of k"j{ kms{]/ rnfpFbf ;"o{sf] 

;sf/fTds pmhf{ z/L/leq k|j]z ub{5 

/ ul/Psf sfdaf6 ;Dk"0f{ nfe k|fKt 

x'G5 . /flzcg';f/sf] /+u ldnfP/ dfq 

6]lnkmf]g;]6, Nofk6k, snd, l:6hd]l;g, 

kmfOn / ;hfj6sf ;fdfgx¿ lsGg] 

ug{'kb{5 . 

jf:t'zf:q eg]sf] lgdf{0fsf] zf:q 

xf] . jf:t'zf:q k|s[lt;Fu hLjg / 

hut\sf] k|ToIf tfnd]n u/fpg] zf:q 

xf] . ;sf/fTds k|fl0fs pmhf{sf] 

;Gt'ng klg jf:t'zf:qn] u/fpFb5, 

h;cGtu{t k"j{, klZrd, pQ/, blIf0f 

lbzf / pklbzf -cfUg]o, g}CTo, jfoJo, 

Ozfg, tn / dfly_ u/]/ b; lbzfx¿sf] 

af/]df Joj:yfkgsf] jf:t'zf:q;DaGwL 

hfgsf/L u/fpFb5 . 

— e"dLZj/ kf}8]n 

b;}+–ltxf/nufotsf rf8kj{df 3/ /ª\UofpFbf /+usf] jf:t'af/] slQsf] Wofg lbg] ug'{ePsf] 5 < 

3/df /+usf] k|of]u ubf{ /flz, lbzf, cj:yf, sfo{ :yfg cflbsf cfwf/df z'efz'e lgSof]{n u/]/ 

dfq nufpg'kb{5 . ;'Gb/ / k|fKotfsf cfwf/df dfq h'g;'s} /+u nufpg' x'Fb}g . cfd?kdf 

k|of]u x'g] u/]sf s]xL /+u, ltgsf] cy{ / /flzut z'efz'e o:tf] /x]sf] 5 . 

z'e 

bz}+ 

P8–dfs{ ldl8of k|fln 

;'ljwfgu/, tLgs'g] 

sf7df8f}+, g]kfn . 

;]tf] /+u 

;flTjs :j¿ksf ¿kdf ;]tf] /+unfO{ lnOG5 . ;Tj 

eg]sf] zflGt, lgd{n, kljq, cfo', cf/f]Uosf] ;+s]t xf] . rGb|df 

/ z'qmnfO{ ;Tj :j¿ksf] dflgG5 . o;n] cGo /+unfO{ lgif]w 

ub{5 . cGo /+unfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ of] ;Ifd /xG5 . 

sfnf] /+u 

tdf]u'0f cyf{t\ c1fg, cGwsf/sf ¿kdf sfnf] 

/+unfO{ lnOG5 . tfkqmd / pHofnf]nfO{ o; /+un] zf]if0f 

ub{5 . c1fg, c/fhs, c;kmntf cflbsf] ;+s]tsf 

¿kdf sfnf] /ªn] ;+s]t ub{5 . of] /+u ePsf u|xx¿df 

zlg, /fx', s]t' kb{5g\ . 

kx]+nf] /+u 

of] /+u klg k|]defjsf] k|tLs g} xf] . ;flTjs 

cfxf/ljxf/, :jR5Gbtfsf ¿kdf o;nfO{ lnOG5 . 

a[x:klt u|xsf] /+u kx]Fnf] dflgG5 . wg / dLg /flzdf 

kx]nf] /+usf] ljz]if k|efj kb{5 . sd{sf08Lx¿n] a'wnfO{ 

klg kx]Fnf] g} dfGb5g\ . 

gLnf] /+u 

of] gLnf] /+u ljzfntf, ufDeLo{, l:gUwtfsf] k|tLssf 

¿kdf lnOG5 . s]t' / /fx'n] o;df ljz]if k|efj kfg{] 

dflgG5 . of] cfsfzsf] /+u klg xf] . o;nfO{ ;dGjo / 

zflGtsf] k|ltljDa klg dflgG5 . 

xl/of] /+u 

of] k|fs[lts /+u xf] . cGo /+ueGbf zfGt, 

k|df0fxLg, sdsflGtjfnf /+unfO{ g} xl/of] /ª dflgG5 . 

of] /ªsf] k|efj a'wu|xdf ljz]if kb{5 . /flzut ¿kdf 

sGof / ldy'g /flzdf xl/of] /+usf] k|efj /xG5 . 

of] /+u zflGtbfos, lgd{n, ;xgzLn x'G5 . of] /+u 

cfgGbbfos x'G5 . 

v/fg] /+u 

v/fgLsf] ;]tf], v}/f] /+unfO{ v/fg] /+u dflgG5 . of] 

/+u klg zfGt :j¿ksf] dflgG5 . 

/ftf] /+u 

/ftf] /+usf] j}lbs cj:yf /hf]u'0f xf] . d+un / 

;"o{sf] /flzut /+u /ftf] x'G5 . of] /+u o'4, qmf]wsf] k|tLs 

klg xf] . u'nfkmsf] km"ndf ePsf] /+unfO{ rflxF k|]dsf] 

k|tLssf ¿kdf lnOG5 . :yfg / k/Dk/fsf cfwf/df 

of] lgif]wfTds ;+s]tsf ¿kdf lnOG5 eg] ;kmntfsf] 

k|tLssf ¿kdf klg lnOG5 . 

cf]d /fhe08f/L 

cWoIf 

;x/L ljsf; ;ldlt, 

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 

sfo{sf/L cWoIf, a[xt u|'k 

l/on O:6]6;DalGw 

ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ 

;d]6\g] u/L k|sfzgdf cfPsf] 

cfly{s dfl;s klqsf 

k|f]k6L{sf] pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf 

nflu xflb{s awfO{ tyf 

z'esfdgf . 

!) @)&! c;f]h

dqjkdkuh 

k'Nrf]s OlGhlgol/ª sn]haf6 ;g\ @))@ 

df Aofr 6k x'Fb} l;len OlGhlgo/ 

pQL0f{ u/]sf ls/0f yfkfn] s]xL jif{ 

g]kfnd} n3' hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf 

kl/of]hgfdf sfd u/] . To;kl5sf 

s]xL jif{ sf7df8f}+s} PSdL OlGhlgol/ª 

sn]hdf cWofkg u/]sf yfkf ;g\ 

@))^ df c:6«]lnof uP . d]nag{ 

ljZjljBfnoaf6 l;len OlGhlgol/ªdf 

:gftsf]Q/ u/]kl5 s]xL ;do c:6«]lnog 

sfplG;ndf OlGhlgo/sf ?kdf sfd;d]t 

u/] yfkfn] . ;f]xL qmddf kmfOgfG;df 

pgsf] ?lr a9\of] / ToxL ljifodf 

c:6«]lnofsf] l;8\gLaf6 kLPr8L u/]sf 

pgL xfn c:6«]lnofdf df]6{u]h a|f]s/]h 

sDkgL ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . yfkf;“u 

g]kfn / c:6«]lnofsf] l/on O:6]6 ahf/ 

tyf ;Defjgfsf ljifodf k|f]k6L{ dfl;sn] 

u/]sf] 6]lnkmf]g s'/fsfgLsf] c+z M 

8f= ls/0f yfkf 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, 

Sofksf]g OGe]:6d]G6 a|f]s/]h, 

l;8\gL -c:6«]lnof_ 

c:6]«lnofdf $ s/f]8 8n/ 

nufgLsf] xfplhª ;'? ub}{5f}+ 

g]kfnsf] k|f]k6L{ ahf/nfO{ s;/L 

d"Nofª\sg ug'{ePsf] 5 < 

g]kfndf o;cl3 ePsf] l/on O:6]6 

ahf/sf] pRr j[l4 -a'd_ lgs} nfdf] ;do kl5 

dfq} x'g ;Snf . % nfvdf lslgPsf] hUufsf] 

d"No s]xL jif{leq} %) nfv klg k'Uof] . o;/L 

5f]6f] ;dodf ePsf] sf/f]af/sf] c:jfefljs 

j[l4 lbuf] x'Fb}g . o;sf/0f g]kfnsf] k|f]k6L{ 

sf/f]af/df cfPsf] pQm lj:tf/ w]/} cl3 hfg 

;s]g / ca To:tf] j[l4 ;DejtM ca Ps 

b'O{ bzs ;fob} bf]xf]l/G5 xf]nf . To:tf] ahf/ 

lj:tf/ xfd|f] k':tfn] b]Vb}g klg xf]nf . dfG5]n] 

To;a]nf u/]cg';f/sf] cfDbfgL u5'{ eg]/ nfUg 

;Sb}g ca . t/ o;f] eGb}df of] Joj;foaf6 

efUg}kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . g]kfnsf] k|f]k6L{ ahf/nfO{ 

;–;fgf] s'/fn] c;/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 / Psbd} 

;+j]bgzLn klg 5 . o;sf] dfu / cfk"lt{nfO{ 

e"–/fhgLlts cj:yfn] klg c;/ u5{ . h:t}, 

t/fO{df cfGbf]ng eof] eg] ToxfFsf] 3/hUufsf] 

d"No 36\g] x'G5 . t/, 3/hUufsf] ahf/ a9\b} 

ga9\g] eGg] xf]Og . :jfefljs j[l4 cem} 

klg x'G5 . klxn]h:tf] lsg]sf] s]xL jif{d} % 

u'0ff;Dd a9\g] ;Defjgf ca 5}g t/ j[l4 

d'b|f:kmLltsf] b/eGbf rflxF dfly g} /xg]5 . 

g]kfnsf] l/on O:6]6 ahf/ h'g a]nf 

a'dsf] cj:yfdf lyof] Tof] /f;gn OGe]:6/ sd 

/ cfj]zdf cfP/ lsga]r ug]{ nufgLstf{x¿ 

clws ePsf sf/0f sf/f]af/df rfF8} dGbL 

cfPsf] slQsf] dfGg'x'G5 < 

s'g} klg If]qdf /fd|f] k|ltkmn cfO/x]sf] 

;dodf nufgL ug{ hf] klg rfxG5 . rfx] ahf/ 

xNnfs} e/df bf}l8Psf] lsg gxf];\ /f;gn 

OGe]:6/ klg sdfpg] cj;/ u'dfpg rfxFb}g . 

p;sf] nufgL ug]{ k|j[lQ / p2]Zo km/s x'g 

;Snf . g]kfnsf] k|f]k6L{ dfs]{6df klg pRr 

j[l4 ePsf] a]nf sltko dflg;x¿ csf{n] 

5f]6f] ;dod} 3/hUufdf u/]sf] nufgLaf6 

w]/} sdfPsf] b]v]/ / cfj]zdf cfP/ nufgL 

ul//x]sf lyP . clxn] To:tf] cj:yf 5}g . 

d"No klg 3l6;s]sf] 5 . o;sf/0f nufgLsf 

nflu clxn] 7Ls ;do xf] . ca klxn]sf] 

h:tf] cfj]zd} cfP/ nufgL ug]{x¿ cfpFb}gg\ 

xf]nfh:tf] nfU5 . cfjZostf ePsfx¿n] t 

clxn] klg nufgL ul//x]sf g} 5g\ . t/ ca 

o; ahf/df cfpg]x¿dWo] clwstd rflxF 

ljj]szLn nufgLstf{x¿ g} x'g]5g\ . 

kl5Nnf s]xL tYof+sx¿n] 3/hUuf 

sf/f]af/ a9]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ g]kfnsf] 

k|f]k6L{ dfs]{6 k'g h'd{'/fpFb} 5 eGg ;lsG5 < 

dfG5]nfO{ hlxn] klg cfkm\gf] :t/ 

lg/Gt/ dfly Nofpg] rfxgf x'G5 . ;fOsn 

rl9/x]sf] dfG5]nfO{ df]6/;fOsn / df]6/;fOsn 

rl9/x]sf] dfG5]nfO{ sf/ r9\g dg nflu/x]sf] 

x'G5 . g]kfndf w]/} dflg; sf]7f ef8fdf lnP/ 

al;/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿df Ps k|sf/sf] 

s'07f a9fO/x]sf] 5 . cfkm\g} 3/ eP x'GYof] 

eGg] pgLx¿sf] klg rfxgf 5 . bL3{sfnLg 

¿kdf pgLx¿sf] cfly{s cj:yf klg la:tf/} 

dha't xF'b} uPsf] x'G5 . cfly{s cj:yfdf 

;'wf/ x'g]lalQs} dflg;n] efjgfx¿nfO{ 

Jojxf/df ptfg{ yfN5 . cfly{s ljsf; 

cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf eO/x]sf] 5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo 

;+:yfn] hlt;'s} l/on I:6]6 If]qdf nufgL 

ulb{gF eg] klg g]kfnsf] jf ljb]zsf a}+ssf 

nflu of] If]q Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f xf] . 

o;af6 aflx/ hfg} ;Sb}gg\ . s]xL ;do o;sf] 

sf/f]af/df dGbL b]lvP klg la:tf/} sf/f]af/ 

a9]/ hfG5 . clxn] l/on O:6]6sf] ahf/ 

s/]S;g ePsf] dfq xf] . 

ljZjJofkL ¿kdf x]bf{ slt;Ddsf] j[l4nfO{ 

rflx+ ;Gtf]ifhgs dfGg ;lsG5 < 

x/]s !) jif{df k|f]k6L{sf] d"No bf]Aa/ 

x'g'k5{ eGg] ljZjJofkL dfGotf 5 . of] eg]sf] 

k|To]s jif{ & bzdnj @ k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g'k5{ 

eGg] xf] . ljsl;t b]zx¿df d"No j[l4 ;f9] # 

k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf x'G5 . g]kfndf d"Noj[l4 

( k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . d"Noj[l4eGbf 

# b]lv $ k|ltzt a9L k|f]k6L{sf] d"No 

a9]sf] x'g'k5{ . k};fsf] cjd"Nog hlt dfqfdf 

eO/x]sf] 5 To;eGbf s]xL a9L dfqfdf k|f]k6L{df 

x'g] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn j[l4b/ /xg'k5{ . g]kfndf 

b; k|ltztsf] d"No j[l4 5 eg] !$ k|ltzt 

hlt k|f]k6L{sf] d"No a9]sf] x'g'k5{ . nufgLsf] 

b[li6sf]0faf6 To;nfO{ dfq} ;Gtf]ifhgs dfGg 

;lsG5 . 

g]kfndf nufgLdf k|ltkmnsf] cj:yf rflxF 

s] 5 < 

klxn] #)÷$) nfvdf ul/Psf] k|f]k6L{sf] 

d"No Ps s/f]8sf] xf/fxf/Ldf klg k'u]sf] 

lyof] . clxn]rflx“ 36]/ ^)÷&) nfvdf 

cfPsf] 5 elgG5 . o;sf] lx;fan] klg 

d"Noj[l4sf] t'ngfdf k|f]k6L{sf] d"Nofª\sg s]xL 

a9L g} eO/x]sf] 5 eGg ;lsG5 . kl5Nnf] 

kf“r jif{sf] tYofª\snfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] nufgLsf] 

k|ltkmn bf]Aa/af6 s]xL a9L 5 . g]kfnsf] 

jf:tljs d"Noj[l4 !^ k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 

dfGbf klg kf“r jif{cufl8 Ps nfvdf lsg]sf] 

k|f]k6L{sf] d"No b'O{ nfv b; xhf/eGbf a9L 

x'g'x'Gg . Tof]eGbf a9L 5 eg] g]kfnsf] k|f]k6L{ 

dfs]{6 cem} klg ck|fs[lts j[l4sf] cj:yfdf 

g} 5 eGg ;lsG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd g]kfnsf] 

l/on O:6]6 ahf/ ;'if'Kt g} eP/ a;]sf] lyof] . 

o;sf/0f klg l/on O:6]6 ahf/ cem} klg 

s]xL jif{dfly hfg ;Snf . t/ d cfkm"n] 

@)&! c;f]h 

!!

dqjkdkuh 

clxn] vl/bstf{sf] ahf/ 

/x]sf] cj:yf xf] . pgLx¿n] 

/f]hL/f]hL vl/b ug{ 

kfp“5g\ . o;sf/0f klg 

clxn] g]kfndf 3/hUufdf 

nufgL ug]{ pko'Qm ;do 

cfPsf] 5 . 

clwsf+z 8]enk/n] wgL 

kf“r k|ltzt g]kfnLnfO{ dfq 

x]/]/ kl/of]hgfsf] l8hfOg 

u/] . af“sL (% k|ltzt klg 

5g\ x} eGg]tkm{ Wofg uPg . 

o;sf] cy{ k|8S6 ld;Dofr 

eO/x]sf] 5 . 

c:6«]lnofdf sl/a !) xhf/ 

g]kfnL xf]nfg\ . To;dWo] Ps 

xhf/b]lv !%)) kl/jf/;Fu 

cfkm\g} 3/ 5 . 

c:6«]lnofdf /x]sf 

g]kfnLnfO{ g} nlIft u/]/ 

$) ldlnog 8n/ hlt 

nufgLaf6 sd;]sd ;fgf 

xfplhª÷ckf6{d]G6 kl/of]hgf 

;'? ug]{5f}+ . To:t}, % 

jif{leq} Pp6f ;fgf] xf]ln8] 

l/;f]6{ lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg 

;'? ul/;s]sf x'g]5f+} . 

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] 

hlt;'s} l/on I:6]6 If]qdf 

nufgL ulb{gF eg] klg 

g]kfnsf] jf ljb]zsf a}+ssf 

nflu of] If]q Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ 

lx:;f xf] . o;af6 aflx/ 

hfg} ;Sb}gg\ . 

nufgL ug]{ xf] eg]rflxF cem} klg s]xL 

;do kv{G5' . tyflk of] ahf/df l5g]{ 

a]nfrflxF cfPsf] 5 . vl/bstf{n] tLg 

dlxgfdf lbg'kg]{ k};f Ps dlxgfd} lbG5' 

eGof] eg] cem ;:tf]df kfpg ;Sg] 

cj:yf cem} klg 5 . 

To;f] eP clxn] klg g]kfnsf] 

k|f]k6L{ dfs]{6df vl/bstf{s} af]njfnf 

5 eGg ;lsG5 < 

g]kfnsf] k|f]k6L{ dfs]{6df … 

aaN;Ú Nofpg ljb]zaf6 uPsf] k};fn] 

klg w]/} ;xof]u u¥of] . c:6«]lnofdf 

/x]sf klg w]/} dfG5]n] sdfPsf] k};f 

nu]/ g]kfnsf] 3/hUufdf xfn] . ca, 

clxn] c:6]«lnofdf l;hg ;'? ePsf] 

5 . To;sf/0f clxn] cj:yf 7\ofSs} 

plN6Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf sltko 7fpFx¿ 

7d]n, b/af/dfu{nufotsf If]qdf 

hlt nufgL u/]/ k|f]k6L{ vl/b u/] klg 

x'G5 . ToxfFsf] d"No 36\g]jfnf 5}g . t/ 

aflx/lt/sf hUufsf] rflxF clxn] klg 

sf/f]af/ x'Fbf klg klxn]h:tf] ;lhn} 

eO/x]sf] 5}g . cfkm"n] xfn]sf] d"No 

cfP a]Rg x'GYof] eg]/ klv{g] dflg;x¿ 

5g\ . of] eg]sf] vl/bstf{sf] ahf/ 

/x]sf] cj:yf xf] . pgLx¿n] /f]hL/f]hL 

vl/b ug{ kfp“5g\ . o;sf/0f klg 

clxn] g]kfndf 3/hUufdf nufgL ug]{ 

pko'Qm ;do cfPsf] 5 . 

g]kfnsf] ;x/L If]qdf sl/a ^) 

k|ltzt dflg; ef8fdf a:5g\ . o;n] 

xfplhªsf] dfu :ki6 kf5{ . csf]{tkm{ 

Jofj;flos ¿kdf ljsf; ul/Psf 

;fd'bflos cfjf;sf ;a} o'lg6x¿ 

laqmL ePsf 5}gg\ . dfu / cfk"lt{sf] 

of] a]d]nsf] sf/0f s] 7fGg'x'G5 < 

g]kfndf xfplhª o'lg6sf] dfu 

w]/} 5 . tyflk, ef8fsf] 3/df a;f]af; 

ug]{ ;a} dflg;sf] Jofj;flos ¿kdf 

agfOPsf xfplhª, ckf6{d]G6df hfg] 

x}l;ot x'Fb}g . ;a} g]kfnLsf] ckf6{d]G6 

g} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] cfly{s x}l;ot 

klg 5}g . cfd g]kfnLsf] l8:kf]h]an 

Ogsd -vr{ ug{ ;Sg] cfo_ Psbd} 

sd 5 . sltko xfplhª, ckf6{d]G6 

vl/b ug]{n] klg sdfOaf6 dfq} geP/ 

cfkm\gf] ;DklQ, hUuf laqmL u/]/ vl/b 

u/]sf 5g\ . a'6jndf ePsf dflg;n] 

ToxfFsf] hUuf laqmL u/]/ sf7df8f}df 3/ 

lsg]sf] x'g;S5 . cfDbfgLsf] cj:yfdf 

;'wf/ geP;Dd To:tf vfnsf k|f]k6L{sf] 

dfudf ;'wf/ x'Fb} x'Fb}g . clxn] l8hfOg 

ePsf k|foM xfplhªx¿ pRr ju{sf 

JolQmsf nflu 5g\ . cfd dflg;sf] 

kx'Fr x'g ;Sg] xfplhªsf] l8hfOg 

ePsf] 5}g . dWod ju{sf] dflg;nfO{ 

nlIft u/]/ xfplhª ag]sf 5}gg\ . d 

s]xL ;docl3 leotgfd uPsf] lyPF . 

ToxfFsf] ahf/ klg g]kfnsf] h:t} pRr 

j[l4 eP/ clxn] v:s]sf] cj:yfdf 

5 . w]/}h;f] xfplhª lkn/ p7fP/ 

dfq 5fl8Psf cj:yf 5g\ . tL ;a} 

8]enk/x¿ 6f6 klN6g] cj:yfdf k'u]sf 

5g\ . g]kfndf klg lgdf{0f x'FbfxF'b} ;a} 

o'lg6 laqmL gx'g' s'g} gf}nf] s'/frflxF 

xf]Og . of] l/on O:6]6 lahg]; 

;fOsnsf] Pp6f cj:yf dfq xf] . Ps 

;do t c:6«]lnofdf u/]sf] sdfOn] 

g]kfndf kl/of]hgf lsGg g;Sg];Ddsf] 

cj:yf lyof] . clwsf+z 8]enk/n] 

wgL kf“r k|ltzt g]kfnLnfO{ dfq 

x]/]/ kl/of]hgfsf] l8hfOg u/] . af“sL 

(% k|ltzt klg 5g\ x} eGg]tkm{ Wofg 

uPg . o;sf] cy{ k|8S6 ld;Dofr 

eO/x]sf] 5 . 

c:6«]lnofdf klxnf] 3/ vl/bstf{ 

-km:6 xf]d afo/_ nfO{ ;/sf/n] s:tf] 

;'ljwf lbPsf] 5 < 

…km:6{ xf]d afo/ÚnfO{ t'ngfTds 

¿kdf sdhf]/ cfly{s Ifdtf ePsf] 

dflg;sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . ljb]zaf6 

cfPsf dflg;x¿ klg o;df k5{g\ . 

c:6«]lnofdf /fHolkR5] ;/sf/n] lbg] 

;'ljwf km/s 5 . h:t}, l;8\gLdf … 

km:6 xf]d afo/Ún] gof“ 3/ vl/b ubf{ 

;/sf/n] #% xhf/ 8n/;Dd ;xof]u 

u5{ . t/, pgLx¿n] gofF 3/ g} vl/b 

ug'{k5{ . gofF 3/ jf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f 

ubf{ /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] ePsfn] 

;/sf/n] o:tf] gLlt lnPsf] xf] . 

o;n] Psftkm{, 3/ vl/b ug{sf nflu 

;xof]u u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvof] csf]{tkm{, 

s;}n] gofF 3/ vl/b ubf{ yk /f]huf/L 

l;h{gf eof] . lsgeg] 3/ lgdf{0fsf 

nflu hgzlQm rflxG5 . 3/sf] gfd;f/L 

ePsf] ef]lnkN6 jf kl;{kN6 ;/sf/n] 

;xof]u pknAw u/fp“5 / 3/ vl/b 

ubf{sf] /fh:j klg ;/sf/n] 5'6 lbG5 . 

a}+s Aofhb/df eg] ;x'lnot 5}g . 

c:6«]lnofdf xfplhª÷l/on 

O:6]6 If]qdf xfn a}+s shf{sf] Jofhb/ 

s:tf] 5 < 

clxn] c:6«]lnofsf] Oltxf;d} 

;aeGbf sd a}+s Aofhb/ ePsf] 

cj:yf 5 . w]/}h;f] a}+sn] % 

k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf shf{ pknAw 

u/fO/x]sf 5g\ . sltko a}+ssf] 

Tof]eGbf sd klg 5 . cd]l/sfdf 

of]eGbf sd -# k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf_ 

5 . c:6«]lnofsf] cf};t a}+s Aofhb/ 

eg] ^ b]lv & k|ltzt;Dd /x]sf] 

kfOG5 . emG8} tLg bzscufl8 !$ 

k|ltzt;Dd k'u]sf] lyof] . c:6«]lnofdf 

Aofhb/ w]/} dfly uof] eg] klg w]/} 

;do /xFb}g . 

ljZjs} pTs[i6 ;x/x¿df kg]{ 

c:6«]lnofsf l;8\gL, d]nag{df l/on 

O:6]6 If]qsf] j[l4 s:tf] 5 < 

oL ;x/df klg cfly{s vf8n 

Psbd} 7"nf] 5 . s]xL 7fp“df c;fWo} 

wgL dflg;x¿ a:5g\ eg] st} dflg;sf] 

cfly{s cj:yf lgs} sdhf]/ 5 . 

k|f]k6L{sf] d"Nofª\sg ToxLcg';f/sf] 5 . 

p:t} lsl;dsf] 3/ lsGg sxLF $ s/f]8 

dfq lt/] k'U5 eg] st} @@ s/f]8;Dd 

klg ltg'{k5{ . l;8\gL / d]nag{df k|f]k6L{ 

dfs]{6sf] kl5Nnf] j[l4b/ !$ k|ltzt 

5 . c¿ ;x/sf] j[l4 s]xL sd 5 . 

d]nag{, l;8\gLh:tf 7fp“df wgL dflg; 

cfP/ a:g] ePsf] x'gfn] ToxLcg';f/ 

3/sf] d"No to ePsf] x'G5 . t/ 

c:6«]lnofsf k|foM ;a} ;x/ ;'ljwfsf 

b[li6n] d]nag{, l;8\gL;dfg 5g\ . of] 

;dfhjfbL b]z ePsf] x'gfn] ;a}lt/ 

plQs} ;'ljwf 5 / dfgj ljsf; 

;"rsfª\s klg ;alt/ p:t} 5 . 

c:6«]lnofdf /x]sf] tkfO{+sf] 

sDkgLsf] af/]df s]xL atfOlbg';\ g . 

kLPr8Lsf] ljBfyL{ 

/xFbf klxnf …kf6{ 6fOdÚsf] 

¿kdf yfn]sf] of] sfd / 

sDkgL clxn] c:6«]lnofdf 

g]kfnL rnfPsf] pTs[i6 

df]6{u]h a|f]s/]h sDkgL 

xf] . ;~rfngsf] 

tLg jif{leq} xfdL 

c:6«]lnofe/sf ;Dk"0f{ -sl/a 

!@ xhf/_ df]6{u]h a|f]s/]h 

Ph]G;LdWo]df klg pTs[i6 

!%) df cfO;s]sf 5f}{+ . 

xfdL df]6{u]h a|f]lsªsf] sfd 

u5f}{+ . h:t}, oxfF 3/ vl/b ubf{ 

cfkm\gf]tkm{af6 s]xL k};f l8kf]lh6 ug]{ 

/ afFsL a}+saf6 lng] ul/G5 . oxf“ klg 

#)÷#% j6f a}+s 5g\ . x/]s a}+ssf 

cf–cfk\mg} gLlt 5g\ . cfjZos xf]d 

nf]gsf nflu dflg;nfO{ b'O{ tLgj6f 

a}+sdf uP/ a'em\g] ;do xF'b}g . 

c:6«]lnofdf hf] dflg;n] sfd u5{ 

p;n] dfq 3/ lsGg ;Sg] xf] . sfd 

gePsf] dflg;n] 3/ lsGg ;Sb}g . 

sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{ cGo sfdsf nflu 

aflx/ lg:sg] ;do g} x'Fb}g . p;nfO{ 

a}+s;FueGbf xfdL;“u s'/f ug{ 

;lhnf] x'G5 . xfd|f (( k|ltzt 

u|fxs g]kfnL g} 5g\ . 3/ lsGgsf 

nflu ;a} k|lqmofdf sf]xL g sf]xLn] 

;xof]u ul/lbg'kg]{ ePsfn] xfdLn] 

o:tf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fO/x]sf 5f}+ . 

u|fxsn] xfdLnfO{ s'g} klg ;]jf z'Ns 

ltg'{kb}{g . xfdLn] a}+s shf{sf nflu 

k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOlbPkl5 u|fxssf] 

gfddf 3/ gfd;f/L ePkl5 ;DalGwt 

a}+sn] xfdLnfO{ sld;g lbG5 . 

d}n] @)!! af6 of] sfd ;'? 

u/]sf] xf] . kLPr8Lsf] ljBfyL{ /xFbf 

klxnf …kf6{ 6fOdÚsf] ¿kdf yfn]sf] 

of] sfd / sDkgL clxn] c:6«]lnofdf 

g]kfnL rnfPsf] pTs[i6 df]6{u]h 

a|f]s/]h sDkgL xf] . ;~rfngsf] tLg 

jif{leq} xfdL c:6«]lnofe/sf ;Dk"0f{ 

-sl/a !@ xhf/_ df]6{u]h a|f]s/]h 

Ph]G;LdWo]df klg pTs[i6 !%) df 

cfO;s]sf 5f}{+ . cl3Nnf] jif{ xfdLn] 

@% ldlnog c:6«]lnog 8n/ shf{ 

:jLs[t u/fPsf lyof} eg] o; jif{ &% 

ldlnog 8n/ shf{ :jLs[t u/fPsf 

5f} . ;du|df xfn;Dd !%) ldlnog 

8n/sf] shf{ :jLs[t u/fpg xfdL 

;kmn eO;s]sf 5f}+ . To:t}, sDkgL 

/ JolQmut gfddf ul/ tLg jif{sf] 

cjlwd} ^ j6f k|f]k6L{ hf]l8;lsPsf] 

5 . To;sf] d"No sl/a %) s/f]8 hlt 

xf]nf . 

cfufdL Jofjf;flos of]hgf s] 

s] 5g\ < 

xfdLn] Psbd} Jojl:yt ¿kdf 

Jofj;flos of]hgf cufl8 a9fO/x]sf 

5f}+ . lglZrt ;dodf tf]s]sf] nIodf 

k'Ug ;lsg] 5}g eg] d To:tf] sfd 

lnGgF / ulb{gF . clxn];Dd xfdLn] 

!%) ldlnog c:6«]lnog a/fa/sf] 

shf{ :jLs[t u/fof+} eg] cfufdL % 

jif{leqdf of] Ps ca{ 8n/ k'¥ofpg] 

xfd|f] of]hgf 5 . o;nfO{ 7"nf] sDkgL 

agfP/ hfg] ;f]r]sf 5f}+ . casf] kf“r 

jif{leqdf xfdL c:6«]lnofdf /x]sf 

g]kfnLnfO{ g} nlIft u/]/ $) ldlnog 

8n/ hlt nufgLaf6 sd;]sd ;fgf 

xfplhª÷ckf6{d]G6 kl/of]hgf ;'? 

ug]{5f}+ . To:t}, % jif{leq} Pp6f ;fgf] 

xf]ln8] l/;f]6{ lgdf{0fsf] sfd klg ;'? 

ul/;s]sf x'g]5f+} . t/ c:6«]lnofdf 

clxn] hUufsf] d"No lgs} a9]sfn] 

xfdL tTsfnsf nflu s]xL ;do klv{g] 

kIfdf 5f}+ . 

g]kfn klg l/on O:6]6 lahg];df 

klg nufgL ug]{ of]hgf 5 ls < 

xfdL g]kfndf eGbf c:6«]lnofdf 

rflxF sfd ;'? ug]{ jf:tljstfsf] 

glhs 5f}+ . t/ eljiodf g]kfndf klg 

nufgL ug]{ ;f]r 5 . t/ ToxfF ko{6g 

jf ;]jf Joj;fodf cfwfl/t l/on 

O:6]6df nufgL ug]{ ;f]r 5 . h:tf], 

rLg / ef/tsf ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t 

ug]{ lsl;dsf xf]6n, l/;f]6{ cflb . 

t/ clxn] g} o;sf nflu k|:6 of]hgf 

alg;s]sf] 5}g . of] cWoogs} qmddf 

5 . c:6«]lnofdf l/;f]6{sf nflu 

of]hgf agfOPsf] df]8n ;kmn eof] 

eg] To;}nfO{ g]kfn jf cGo b]zdf klg 

nfu" u/]/ n}hfg] ;f]rfO 5 . 

c:6«]lnofdf ljb]zLsf nflu k|f]k6L{ 

hf]8\g] k|fjwfg s:tf] 5 < 

c:6«]lnofdf cGo b]zaf6 cfPsfn] 

klg ;lhn} 3/hUuf lsGg ;S5g\ . 

o;sf nflu kLcf/ kfPsf] jf gful/stf 

g} lnPsf] x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5}g . aflx/s} 

cfDbfgL b]vfpFbf klg a}+sn] ^)÷&) 

k|ltzt;Dd shf{ lbG5g\ . t/, To;sf 

nflu s]xL dfkb08 5g\ . sfd 

ul//x]sf], vftfdf tna cfPsf] $÷% 

dlxgf k'u]sf], :j/f]huf/ xf] eg] s/ 

lt/]sf] k|df0fkq cflb ePdf a}+saf6 

shf{ lng ;lsG5 . a}+s C0f glnO{sg 

cfkm+}n] nufgL ug{ ;lsG5 eg] hlxn] 

klg k|f]k6L{ hf]8\g ;lsG5 . To;df 

;/sf/n] …gf] cAh]S;g n]6/Ú lbg'k5{ . 

t/ cGo d'n'saf6 cfPsfn] gofF k|f]k6L{ 

dfq} lsGg kfpF5 . 

c:6«]lnofdf cfkm\g} 3/ lsg]/ 

a:g] g]kfnL slt xf]nfg\ < 

of] jif{ xfdLn] dfq} shf{sf nflu 

kxn ul/lbPsf] g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof b'O{ ;o 

k'lu;Sof] . cl3Nnf] jif{ Ps ;ohgf 

hlt lyP . c¿ sDkgLaf6 ;]jf lng] 

g]kfnLx¿ klg 5g\ . sltko l;w} a}+sdf 

uPsf 5g\ . c:6«]lnofdf sl/a !) xhf/ 

g]kfnL xf]nfg\ . To;dWo] Ps xhf/b]lv 

!%)) kl/jf/;Fu cfkm\g} 3/ 5 . z 

!@ 

@)&! c;f]h

xUrO; 

u s}nfnL / s~rgk'/df 

sl/a !# nfv dflg;sf] 

a;f]af;. 

u Jofj;flos k|lti7fg 

ylk+b} . 

u ;'b"/klZrdsf & j6f 

kxf8L lhNnfsf] ;+ud 

cQl/of / 6Lsfk'/ . 

u Jofj;flos k|of]hgsf 

nflu &) k|ltzt tyf 

cfjf;sf nflu #) 

k|ltzt 3/ aGg] u/]sf] 

wgu9L gu/kflnsfsf] 

tYofª\s . 

u wgu9Ldf a;]{lg # 

;ob]lv % ;o gofF 

3/ ylkG5g\ . 

u eLdbQ gu/kflnsfdf 

a;]{lg cf};tdf @ ;o 

j6f gofF 3/ aG5g\ . 

tYofª\sdf wgu9L 

hg;+Vof 

! nfv ! xhf/ ( ;o &) 

k'¿if M 

%! xhf/ $ ;o #( 

dlxnf M 

%) xhf/ % ;o #! 

xfjfkfgL M 

pi0f / ;dzLtf]i0f 

cf};t tkfqmd M 

#* l8u|L ;]lG6u|]6 

jflif{s jiff{ M 

!% ;o %) ldlnld6/ 

3/w'/L M 

!) xhf/ 

;Defjgf af]s]sf] wgu9L 

wgu9L ljdfg:yn 

k"jL{ If]qsf] t'ngfdf 

;'b"/klZrddf xfplhªsf] ljsf; 

b]zsf 

cem} eOg;s] klg ;Defjgf 

eg] pRr /x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L klZrd 

t/fO{sf s}nfnL ;b/d'sfd wgu9L / 

o; c;kf;sf If]qdf xfplhªsf] pRr 

;Defjgf 5 . s}nfnL;Fu ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] 

s~rgk'/ ;b/d'sfd dx]Gb|gu/ / o; 

j/k/sf If]qdf klg xfplhªsf] ljsf; / 

lj:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . hg;+Vof j[l4 

/ Jofj;flos k|lti7fgx¿sf] ljsf;;Fu} 

oL If]qdf xfplhªsf] cfjZostf 

a9]sf] wgu9L gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L 

clws[t /fdnfn >]i7 atfpF5g\ . 

;'b"/klZrddf /x]sf] sl/a @^ 

nfv hg;+VofdWo] !# nfvsf] 

a;f]af; t/fO{sf s}nfnL / s~rgk'/d} 5 . 

xfplhª÷ckf6{d]G6 lgdf{0f geP klg @) 

s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nufgLdf Jofj;flos 

sDKn]S; lgdf{0f eO;s]sf 5g\ . 

s}nfnLsf] wgu9L / s~rgk'/sf] 

dx]Gb|gu/l:yt eLdbQ gu/kflnsfnfO{ 

pkdxfgu/kflnsf agfOg'n] klg o; If]qdf 

ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / cGo ;'ljwf la:tf/} 

a9\b} 5 . s~hgk'/df ;/sf/n] xfn} * 

j6f gofF gu/kflnsf yk u/]kl5 oxfFsf 

k'/fgf b'O{j6f gu/kflnsf wgu9L / eLdbQ 

gu/kflnsf] :t/f]Gglt ul/Psf] xf] . 

s}nfnL ;b/d'sfd wgu9Ldf 

kl5Nnf s]xL jif{otf % s/f]8b]lv !) 

s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Ddsf] nufgLdf Jofj;flos 

sDKn]S;x¿ ag]sf 5g\ . To:t} 

;'b"/klZrdsf & j6f kxf8L lhNnf 

hf]8\g] s}nfnLsf] cQ/Lof / 6Lsfk'/df 

klg s/f]8f}+F nufgLdf ;lkª sDKn]S;x¿ 

lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . 

wgu9L gu/kflnsfsf OlGhlgo/ 

låh/fh e§sf cg';f/ wgu9Ldf a;]{lg 

# ;ob]lv % ;oj6f gofF 3/ ylkFb} 

cfPsf 5g\ . Jofj;flos k|of]hgsf 

wgu9L ahf/ 

nflu sl/a &) k|ltzt 3/ aGg 

yfn]sf] e§n] atfP . #) k|ltzt 

xf/fxf/Lsf 3/ cfjf;sf nflu aGg] 

u/]sf gu/kflnsfsf] tYof+s 5 . 

wgu9L gu/kflnsfn] ut cfly{s 

jif{sf] ebf} dlxgfaf6 ejg;+lxtf 

nfu" u/]kl5 ejg lgdf{0fdf s]xL 

s8fO ul/Psf] pgL atfpF5g\ . wgu9L 

gu/kflnsfsf, ljzfngu/, pQ/a]x8L, 

x;gk'/, tf/fgu/, lzjgu/ / wgu9L 

ufpFnufot :yfgdf Jofj;flos 3/x¿ 

lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . 

oL :yfgdf k'/fgf gd'gf -df]8n_ 

sf 3/x¿ eTsfP/ gofF Pj+ Jofj;flos 

3/ aGg] qmd a9\b} uPsf] 5 . wgu9L– 

cQl/of If]qdf klxnf pBf]ux¿sf] 

;+Vof w]/} eP klg xfn pBf]u aGb u/]/ 

Knl6ª u/L a;f]af;sf nflu pko'Qm x'g] 

3/x¿ wdfwd alg/x]sf 5g\ . 

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf 

s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ ;]tL c~rn ;+of]hs 

uf]kfn xdfnn] s}nfnLsf] u]6f uflj;df 

rNb} cfPsf] t]n ldn aGb u/L pQm 

hldg Knl6ª u/]/ *) j6f 38]/L 

lgsfn]sf 5g\ . tf]/L ldnaf6 kmfObf 

gePkl5 Knl6ª u/]/ ;f] If]qnfO{ cfjf; 

If]qdf ljsf; ug]{ cfkm\gf] of]hgf /x]sf] 

pgn] atfP . 

o:t} s}nfnLsf cQl/of, nfnk'/, 

u]6f, >Lk'/ / af]/f8fF8L If]qdf klg 

ljutdf pBf]usf] ;+Vof a9L eP klg 

xfn dfgj a:tL aflSng yfn]sf] 

5 . o;sf ;fy} ahf/ If]qeGbf !) 

lsnf]ld6/ leq;Ddsf v]tLof]Uo 

hldgdf klg Knl6ª u/]/ 3/ lgdf{0f 

yflnPsf] 5 . 

s~rgk'/ ;b/d'sfd dx]Gb|gu/sf] 

s}nfnLsf] cQl/of rf]s 

eLdbQ gu/kflnsf / emnf/L ahf/df 

klg cfw'lgs / Jofj;flos ejgx¿ 

aGg] qmdn] tLj|tf kfPsf] 5 . 

;'b"/klZrd ljZjljBfno 

s~rgk'/sf] dx]Gb|gu/df :yfkgf ePkl5 

ToxfF z}lIfs ultljlw a9]sf] 5 . To:t} 

;/sf/L If]qaf6 ;~rflnt o; If]qs} 

Psdfq} l;4gfy lj1fg SofDk; klg 

dx]Gb|gu/d} ePsfn] ljBfyL{ rfk a;]{lg 

a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . 

dx]Gb|gu/df tLg jif{otf Jofj;flos 

k|of]hgsf nflu agfOg] 3/sf] ;+Vof 

a9\b} uPsf] 5 . eLdbQgu/kflnsfsf 

OlGhlgo/ lxdfnol;+x P]/sf cg';f/ 

ToxfF a;]{lg cf};tdf @ ;oj6f gofF 3/ 

ylkFb} cfPsf 5g\ . s~rgk'/sf] ;'8f, 

b}hL, jgufpF, s6fg / efF;L If]qdf 

ljutdf ;fgf7"nf pBf]u eP klg tL 

If]q xfn afSnf] a:tLsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t 

eO/x]sf] 5 . eLdbQ gu/kflnsfn] 

kl5Nnf] ;dodf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] 

sfdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . 

kl5Nnf] ;do oxL b'O{ lhNnfdf 

a9\b} uPsf] Jofj;flos ultljlw;Fu} 

Jofj;flos ejgsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ klg ult 

lbPsf] 5 . ljQLo ;+:yfn] Jofj;flos 

ejgdf nufgL ug{ yfn]sfn] klg ax'tn] 

ejgsf] lgdf{0f a9]sf] xf] . wgu9Lsf] 

af]/f8fF8L, SofDk; /f]8, ljzfngu/, 

tf/fgu/ / x;gk'/ tyf u]6f uflj;df o:tf 

ejgsf] lgdf{0fn] tLj|tf kfPsf] 5 . 

/fhgLlts ljefhg 

/fhwfgL sf7df8f}Faf6 wgu9L & 

;o %) lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf 5 . ;]tL 

c~rnsf] s}nfnL lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf 

¿kdf /x]sf] wgu9L gu/kflnsfdf 

!$ j6f j8f 5g\ . ;d'b| ;txb]lv ! 

;o ( ld6/sf] prfOdf /x]sf] wug9L 

gu/kflnsfsf] If]qkmn !)%=*! ju{ 

lsnf]ld6/ 5 . o;sf] k"j{df v'l6of gbL, 

klZrddf df]xgf gbL, blIf0fdf df]xgf 

gbL / ef/t kb{5g\ eg] pQ/df cQl/of 

cQl/of gu/kflnsf -;fljssf u]6f / 

a]nfb]jLk'/_ uflj; kb{5g\ . 

z}lIfs cj:yf 

wgu9Ldf :gftsf]Q/ cWoogsf 

nflu s}nfnL ax'd'vL SofDk; / 

;'b"/klZrd SofDk; 5g\ eg] xf]6n 

Dofg]hd]G6, aLaLP, PdaLPsf ;fy} 

OlGhlgol/ª cWoogsf nflu qmdzM 

j]:6g{ Ps]8]dL, j]:6g{ OG6/g];gn 

lahg]; :s'n / gf:6 sn]h ;~rfngdf 

5g\ . wgu9L gu/kflnsfdf dfq} 

;/sf/L / lghL u/L # ;o a9L :s'n 

5g\ . wgu9Lsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt &)=%@ 

/x]sf] 5 . 

k"jf{wf/ 

wug9Lsf !$ j6f j8fdWo] 

xfn;Dd $ j6f j8fdf dfq vfg]kfgLsf] 

;'ljwf 5 . afFsL j8fdf lghL If]qaf6 

vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf lgdf{0ffwLg 5 . 

gu/kflnsfdf xfn;Dd $ xhf/ # ;o 

$$ j6f lghL wf/f 5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf 

;a} j8fdf ljB'tLs/0f eO;s]sf] 5 . s]xL 

d'Qm sd}of a:tLdf eg] cem}F cFWof/f] 5 . 

6]lnkmf]gsf] ;d]t ;'ljwf k'u]sf] wgu9Ldf 

g]kfn 6]lnsd / lghL If]qaf6 klg OG6/ 

g]6sf] ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 . 

rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] ebf} d;fGt;Dd 

wgu9Ldf @ ;o !& lsnf]ld6/ ;8s 

u|fe]n 5 . ljleGg ljQLo ;+:yfsf 

#) j6f zfvf wgu9Ldf /x]sf 5g\ . 

/fhwfgLaf6 wgu9L lgs} b"/Ldf /x]klg 

;jf/L ;'udtf eg] 5 . ;'b"/klZrd 

oftfoft Joj;foL ;+3n] gu/ If]qdf @$ 

j6f gu/a; ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5 . 

Ps dlxgfcl3b]lv wgu9Ld} ljB'tLo 

c6f] l/S;f klg ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . 

hf]v/ tfnnfO{ wgu9Lsf] d'Vo 

cfsif{0fsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;sf ;fy} 

Ps bh{g k'/fgf d7 dlGb/ wgu9Lsf 

;f+:s[lts ;DklQ x'g\ . k|foM ;a} 

hfthfltsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . 

/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ wgu9L 

gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof ! nfv ! xhf/ 

( ;o &) hgf /x]sf] 5 . 

— s0f{ zfxL÷wgu9L 

@)&! c;f]h

fopkj 

xfplhª :6s / 3/ axfn ;d:of 

cfjf;Lo 3/ eg]/ btf{ ug]{ / 3/hUuf /fh:j klg ;f]xLcg'¿k ltg]{ ul/Psf] 5 . 

t/, pQm ejgsf] k|of]u /]:6'/fF, :s'n, gl;{ª xf]d cflbsf ¿kdf eO/x]sf] x'G5 . of] u}/sfg'gL xf] . 

g] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] sf7df8f}+df 

kfndf 3/ ef8fdf lbg]÷lng] rng 

sf7df8f}+af6 ;'? ePsf] kfOG5 . 

ljho k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 ;}lgssf nflu a:g] 

7fpFsf] k|aGw ;'? ;'?df oxfFsf :yfgLosf] 

3/sf] lr;f] l5F8Ldf ul/Psf] lyof] . kl5 

tL ;}lgs cjsfz ePkl5 pgLx¿ s]xL 

Jofkf/ Joj;fo u/]/ kl/jf/;Fu a:g yfn] . 

o;n] 3/sf] dfu a9fof] . dfu a9\b} uPkl5 

3/df a:g lbPafkt Go"gtd k};f lng] lbg] 

rng ;'? eof] . t/ Tolta]nf 3/ axfndf 

nufP/} hLljsf rnfpF5' eGg] dfGotfn] k};f 

lng] ul/Fb}g lyof] . @)#^ ;fnkl5 eg] 

sf7df8f}+df 3/ ef8fdf lng]÷lbg] rngn] 

Jofkstf kfpg yfn]sf] xf] . sf7df8f}+df 

dgfª]x¿ cfP/ Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;'? 

u/], df/jf8Lx¿n] klg 3/ agfpg yfn], 

xªsª÷a}+ssnufotaf6 j}b]lzs Jofkf/ 

ug]{ qmd a9\of], cfO{PghLcf] ÷PghLcf] 

÷bft[lgsfox¿ cfP / pgLx¿nufotsf 

ljb]zLx¿nfO{ 3/ ef8fdf nufpg] ju{ klg 

cufl8 cfof] . o;n] qmdzM sf7df8f}+df 

3/axfndf nufpg] k|rng a9fpFb} nUof] . 

clxn] sf7df8f}+df dfq %* k|ltzt dflg; 

ef8fdf a:5g\ eg] ;du|df xfd|f] $) 

k|ltzt ;x/L hg;+Vof ef8fdf a:5 . 

;fdfGotof cj;/sf] vf]hLdf 

dflg;x¿ ;x/ cfpF5g\ . t/ ;x/ 

cfpgf;fy 3/ agfpg jf lsGg ;Sg] 

x}l;ot gx'g] x'Fbf tTsfnsf] cfjZostf 

k"/f ug]{ ljsNk 3/ jf sf]7f ef8fdf 

lng] g} x'G5 . of] Ps lsl;dsf] afWotf 

klg xf] . 

kl5Nnf] ;dodf g]kfndf /]G6n 

xfplhªn] klg Jofj;flos ¿k lng 

yfn]sf] 5 . t/ cem} klg 3/a]6L 

/ 8]/fjfnfsf] e]6 jf d]n ;xh 

alg;s]sf] 5}g . 3/wgL / axfnjfnfsf] 

d]n ;xhtfsf] ljsNkdf cl3 cfPsf 

Ph]G6x¿n] laNs'n ckl/lrt JolQmnfO{ 

Pscfk;df e]6 u/fpg] sfd u/] . 

ckl/lrt;“u sf/f]af/ ubf{ rflxg] lnlvt 

k|df0f tof/ ug]{ sfd Ph]G6x¿n] g} u/] . 

o;n] s]xL xb;Dd Ph]G6 Joj;fon] klg 

cf}krfl/stf kfof] . t/, k"0f{ ¿kdf eg] 

cem} of] ;+:yfut x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . 

ljleGg sf/0fn] dflg;x¿ 

sf7df8f}+ cfpg'kg]{ afWotf 5 . o;n] 

xfplhªsf] dfu a9fPsf] 5 t/ ;f]cg'¿k 

cfk"lt{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;n] /]G6n 

xfplhªsf] d"No a9\of] . kmn:j¿k 

ef8fdf a:g]x¿n] dxFuf] d"No ltg'{kg]{ 

eof] . o;n] 8]/fjfnf / 3/a]6Lsf aLrdf 

Ps lsl;dsf] åGå klg lgDTofPsf] 5 . 

3/a]6Ln] ;:tf]df a:g lbPsf] 7fGg] / 

8]/fjfnfnfO{ dxFuf] ef8f ltl/x]sf] dx;'; 

x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k|z:t k};f ltbf{ klg 

kfgL, aQLnufotsf] ;'ljwf ePg eGg] 

8]/fjfnfnfO{ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . oxL sf/0f 

b'j} kIf clxn] clwsf/sf] vf]hLdf 

ef}tfl//x]sf 5g\ . clwsf/ vf]Hg] qmddf 

pgLx¿ ;/sf/L lgsfo;Dd k'u]sf 5g\ . 

oxL ljifodf b'O{ jif{cl3 d'2f k/]kl5 

cbfntn] 3/ axfn;DaGwL sfg'g agfO{ 

nfu" ug'{ egL ;/sf/sf] gfddf k/dfb]z 

klg hf/L u/]sf] 5 . 

slxn]sfxL+ ;/sf/n] ;'ljwfsf 

cfwf/df 3/ ef8f jf d"No 

tf]Sg'kg]{ /fhgLlts bafa klg ;/sf/L 

lgsfodf cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ /]G6n 

xfplhªdf ljBdfg ;d:of ;'wf/sf nflu 

ef8fdf lgoGq0f ug]{ xf]Og . d"No ahf/n] 

g} lgoGq0f ug]{ xf] . dfu / cfk"lt{af6 

of] lgwf{/0f x'g'k5{ . o;df ;/sf/n] w]/} 

x:tIf]k ug'{ x'Fb}g . ef/tdf ;/sf/n] /]G6n 

xfplhª Jojl:yt ug]{ e/]/ ;g\ !($& 

cl3 g} sfg'g agfP/ xft xfn]kl5 7"nf] 

ljs[lt cfPsf] 5 . h'g sfg'g clxn];Dd 

klg ef/t ;/sfn] vf/]h ug{ ;s]sf] 

5}g . g]kfnL kl/j]z;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] d'n's 

ePsfn] ef/tsf] cEof; xfd|f nflu glh/ 

xf] . xfdLn] To;af6 l;s]/ To:tf ljs[lt 

oxfF leq\ofpg glbg] xf] . t/, 3/axfnnfO{ 

;/sf/n] lgodgsf] bfo/df Nofpg eg] 

cTofjZos 5 . 3/a]6L / 8]/fjfnfsf] 

ljrdf x'g] s/f/nfO{ cf}krfl/stf lbg] 

dfWod cfjZos 5 . 

s/sf] bfo/fdf 3/a]6L / 8]/fjfnf 

b'j} cfpg'k5{ . o;sf nflu axfn 

;Demf}tf clgjfo{ ¿kdf gu/kflnsf, 

j8f / s/ sfof{nodf btf{ x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 

ug{ ;lsG5 . o;n] /fh:j ;+sng 

a9fpg ;xof]u u5{ . o;/L btf{ ePkl5 

8]/fjfnf / 3/a]6Lsf] aLrdf s'g} ;d:of 

cfPdf Tof] ;/sf/sf] klg ;/f]sf/sf] 

ljifo aG5 . 

3/a]6L / 8]/fjfnf b'j}n] kfngf 

ug'{kg]{ s]xL g}lts lgodx¿ x'G5g\ . 

ef8fdf /fv]sf] eGb}df 3/a]6Ln] dgnfUbL 

ug]{ / k};f lt/]sf] eGb}df 8]/fjfnf 

klg c/fhs aGg] k|j[lQn] ;d:of 

a9fpF5 . sltko cj:yfdf k"jf{wf/sf] 

sdL, kfgLsf] cefj, ljB't\sf ;jld6/sf] 

h8fg /fd|f] gx'g', kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg 

ug{ g;Sg] cflbh:tf cj:yf 3/a]6L 

/ 8]/fjfnfaLrdf c;dembf/L a9fpg] 

cfwf/e"t sf/0fx¿ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 

5 . 3/sf sf]7fdf e]lG6n];g gx'g], 

;fgf / cFWof/f sf]7f, dfG5] l5g{ g} 

g;lsg] uNnLdf /x]sf 3/sf sf]7fdf 

a:g afWo x'g'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o:tf 

7fpFdf a:g] dflg;x¿ /f]uL x'G5g\ . /f]uL 

dfG5]n] pTkfbgzLn sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . 

To;sf/0f a;f]af; ;'/lIft, kof{Kt / 

ckmf]8{Pan x'g cfjZos 5 . clxn] 

dflg;n] vf]h]sf] Go"gtd u'0f:t/ oxL 

xf] . 

d"Nocg';f/sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf 

kfpg'k5{ eGg] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt xf] . 

t/, 3/axfnsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfndf To:tf] 

cj:yf 5}g . ef8f al9/x]sf] eP klg 

;'ljwfrflx+ a9]sf] x'Fb}g . o;sf afah'b 

klg cGo d'n'ssf] t'ngfdf g]kfnsf 

3/a]6L / 8]/fjfnfsf] ;DaGw /fd|f] 

dfGg'k5{ . 

sf7df8f}+df a;f]af;sf nflu w]/} 

3/ ag]sf lyP . ;'?;'?df a:gsf nflu 

/f]h]cg';f/sf 3/ / sf]7f kfOGy] . Pp6f 

sf]7fb]lv lnP/ b'O{–tLgj6f 3/;lxtsf] 

sDkfpG8;d]t kfOGYof] . t/ clxn] 

cfjf;Lo 3/x¿df xf]6n, /]:6'/fF, 

:s'n, sn]h, c:ktfn, gl;{ª xf]d, 

kf]lnlSnlgs, ;+3;+:yf cflb :yfkgf 

ePsf 5g\ . of] qmd a9\bf] 5 . o;n] 

ubf{ cfjf;Lo k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos 

…xfplhª :6sÚ sd xF'b} uof] . 

h:tf];'s} cj:yfdf klg dflg;nfO{ 

3/ t rflxG5 g} . a:gsf nflu 3/sf] 

ljsNk s]an …3/Ú dfq xf] . o;ljk/Lt 

3/sf] u}/cfjf;Lo k|of]hg a9\b} hfFbf 

cfjf;Lo xfplhªsf] :6s sd ePsfn] 

sf7df8f}+df dfu / cfk"lt{aLrsf] 

;Gt'ng lau|]sf] 5 . 

xfdLsxfF cfjf;Lo 3/ eg]/ btf{ 

ug]{ / 3/hUuf /fh:j klg ;f]xLcg'¿k ltg]{ 

ul/Psf] 5 . t/, pQm ejgsf] k|of]u /]:6'/fF, 

:s'n, gl;{ª xf]d cflbsf ¿kdf eO/x]sf] 

x'G5 . of] u}/sfg'gL xf] . t;y{, cfjf;Lo 

/ Jofj;flos k|of]hgsf nflu 5'§f5'§} 

btf{sf] Joj:yf x'G5 . sf7df8f}+df ag]sf 

clwsf+z 3/ Jofj;flos k|of]hgdf uP 

dflg; sxf“ uP/ a:g] < 

cfjf;Lo 3/x¿ Jofj;flos 

k|of]hgfdf hfFbf Psflt/ ;/sf/n] 

/fh:j u'dfO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{tk{m, 

dflg;n] cfjf; gkfpg] cj:yf 

cfPsf] 5 . cfheGbf b; jif{cl3;Dd 

o:tf] ;d:of lyPg . clxn] k};f 

eP klg ;x/df hUuf gkfOg] cj:yf 

cfPsf] 5 . cfjf; gkfOg] ePkl5 

dflg; ;x/df cfpg} 5f8\5g\ . ;x/df 

kof{Kt xfplhª ePg eg] dflg;n] ;x/ 

5f]8\5 / ;x/sf] pTkfbsTjdf sdL 

cfpF5 . To;n] cfly{s ultljlwdf 

c;/ k'¥ofpF5 . lsgeg] g]kfnsf] 

/fli6«o cfDbfgLdf ^% k|ltzt lx:;f 

;x/L If]qsf] /x]sf] 5 . 

3/ axfn ;xh gx'g'sf] csf]{ 

sf/0f ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf klg 

xf] . cfk/flws ultljlwdf ;+nUg 

clwsf+z JolQmx¿ 8]/fdf a;]sf] 

e]l6Psf] 5 . o;n] ;'/Iff r'gf}tL a9]sf] 

dx;'; 3/wgLn] u/]sf 5g\ . t;y{, 

zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{sf nflu klg 

3/df ef8fdf a;]sf dfG5]x¿sf] af/]df 

k|x/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{ k|fjwfg 

ul/Psf] xf] . sf7df8f}+df rflx+ 3/df 

a;]sf] dfG5]sf] af/]df ;xL hfgsf/L lbg] 

k|rng 5}g . s'g} ;DaGw g} gePsf] 

dfG5] cfP/ ef8fdf a;]sf] x'G5 . t/, 

3/a]6Ln] rflx+ k|x/L k|zf;g jf ;/sf/L 

lgsfodf cfkm\g} gftf ;DaGwsf dfG5] 

x'g\ eg]/ 9fF6\g] u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] klg 

;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf r'gf}tL yk]sf] 5 . 

To;}u/L, pgLx¿n] lng] lbg] ef8fsf] 

tYofª\s klg ;xL cfpFb}g . o;af6 

;/sf/n] /fh:j u'dfPsf] 5 . 

casf lbgdf cfk6{d]G6 klg 

ef8fdf lbg ;lsg] u/L tof/ ug{ 

cfjZos ePsf] 5 . lglZrt cjlwsf] 

nflu dfq sf7df8f}+ cfpg] dflg;sf 

nflu 3/ rflxFb}g . ckmf]8{Pan ;le{; 

ckf6{d]G6x¿sf] klg ;Defjgf 5 . 

/]G6n xfplhªsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ 

Nofpg jf dfuadf]lhd cfjf;Lo /]G6n 

o'lg6 cfk"lt{nfO{ s]xL ;xh agfpg 

a? 3/a]6LnfO{ tnf yKg jf sf]7f yKg 

;xhshf{ lbg ;lsof] eg] To;n] dfu 

k"/f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . /]G6n xfplhª 

…ckmf]8{PanÚ klg x'g'k5{ . /, o:tf] shf{ 

;'ljwfn] axfnsf 3/ jf sf]7fnfO{ 

ckmf]8{Pan agfpg klg ;xof]u 

u5{ . gu/kflnsf / uflj;x¿n] k"jf{wf/ 

If]qdf cln a9L nufgL ug{ cfjZos 

5 . 3/ef8faf6 p7\g] /fh:j g} nufgL 

ug]{ xf] eg] klg k"jf{wf/df 7"nf] kl/jt{g 

cfpg ;S5 . 

-n]vs clwsf/;DkGg afudlt ;'wf/ 

cfof]hgfsf cWoIf tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf 

k"j{ ;lrj x'g ._ 

lszf]/ yfkf 

3/a]6L / 8]/fjfnf b'j}n] 

kfngf ug'{kg]{ s]xL g}lts 

lgodx¿ x'G5g\ . ef8fdf 

/fv]sf] eGb}df 3/a]6Ln] 

dgnfUbL ug]{ / k};f 

lt/]sf] eGb}df 8]/fjfnf klg 

c/fhs aGg] k|j[lQn] ;d:of 

a9fpF5 . 

@)&! c;f]h 

!%

i zoklckV 

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0faf6} 

alnof] cy{tGq 

lbg]zljqmd yfkf, 

ky{ -c:6«|]lnof_ 

c:6«]lnofn] ckgfPsf] 

ljsf;sf] df]8n 

g]kfnsf nflu pbfx/0fLo 

5 . c:6«]lnofdf ljsf;sf] 

g]t[Tj lghL If]qn] lnPsf] 

5 . ;/sf/n] jftfj/0f 

agfOlbPsf] 5 . k"jf{wf/sf] 

ljsf;af6 g} alnof] cy{tGq 

lgdf{0f ug]{ cleofgdf 5 

c:6«]lnof . 

c:6«]lnofsf] :jfg gbL lsgf/df ;/sf/åf/f lgdf{0ffwLg jf6/ kmG6 tyf kfs{ kl/of]hgf . 

cy{zf:qsf] ;fdfGo kl/efiffn] 

eG5, …;a} l;4fGtn] 

To;a]nf sfd u5{g\ ha 

afFsL s'/fx¿ oyfjt\ jf ;dfg /xG5g\ .Ú 

cyf{t\ k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s'n ufx{:Yo 

cfDbfgL, dfu / cfk"lt{ tyf d"No 

lgwf{/0fh:tf s'/fx¿ Tolt a]nf nfu" 

x'G5g\ h'ga]nf To;;Fu hf]l8Psf cGo 

kIf nufgLsf] jftfj/0f, gLlt, ahf/ / 

pTkfbs tyf pkef]Qmfsf] cfTdljZjf; 

;dfg /xG5 . oL ;a} s'/f oyfl:yltdf 

/x] ahf/ z"Go x'G5 / cj;/x¿ sd 

x'G5g\ . o;sf] cy{ ljsl;t d'n'sdf 

eGbf cljsl;t d'n'sdf cj;/ 

l;h{gfsf cj;/ k|z:t /xG5g\ . 

k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, nufgLsf] cj;/ tyf 

k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgL÷k|ltkmnx¿ 

ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf k|z:t x'G5g\ . 

clt ljsl;t d'n'sdf cj;/x¿ sd 

x'g] x'Fbf cj;/sf] vf]hLsf qmddf 

ahf/ l;h{gf x'g] jf a9\g] x'G5 . o;n] 

ljZjJofkLs/0fnfO{ ;3fPsf] x'G5 . 

o; cy{df x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf] 

k"jf{wf/ ljsf;n] clxn] hf]8tf]8sf 

;fy ult lng'kg]{ xf] . t/, ;+;f/sf cGo 

b]zx¿;Fu t'ngf u/]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfn 

Ps ztfAbL k5fl8 5 eGbf km/s kb}{g . 

s'g} klg b]zsf] ljsf;sf] klxnf] cfwf/ 

dfgj ljsf; / k"jf{wf/ g} x'g\ . 

lsg kl5 k¥of] g]kfn < o;sf 

cg]s ts{ / tYox¿ x'g ;Snfg\ . 

cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] Oltxf; @ ;o %) 

jif{sf] 5 . To;dWo] ! ;o $ jif{ g]kfnn] 

/f0ff zf;gsf] cGwsf/df latfof] . ToxL 

;dodf ;dsfnLg b'O{ l5d]sLn] cfly{s, 

;fdflhs / k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;df 7"nf] 

k|ult u/] . c?n] ljsf; cfof]hgf 

sfof{Gjog ul//xFbf g]kfndf s;n] 

s;/L zf;g rnfpg] eGg] n8fOFd} 

laTof] . g]kfndf clxn] Tof] cFWof/f] 

afFsL g/x] klg To;sf] c;n] eg] 

clxn];Dd k5\ofO/x]sf] 5 . 

clxn]sf /x/ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf 

x'g\ . t/, xfd|f] ;f]rfO / sfo{z}nL !(cf}+ 

ztfAbLd} 5 eGbf km/s kb}{g . o;sf] 

k|efj cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts 

If]qdf kl//x]sf] 5 . nufgLnfO{ ;xL 

cy{df ga'em\g', 3/hUuf lsga]rnfO{ 

dfq nufgLsf] ¿kdf cYof{pg'n] cfly{s 

ljsf;df ;d:of l;h{gf eO/x]sf] 5 . 

;x/L If]qdf ^ n]gsf] ;8s 

5 eg] Tof] ljsf;lt ;x/sf] ¿kdf 

dflgG5 . g]kfnsf ;x/L If]qdf ^ n]gsf 

;8ssf] kl/sNkgf dfq} ePsf] 5 . 

Jofjxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf] t k/sf] s'/f . 

o:tf] cj:yfdf u|fdL0f If]qdf ;8s 

;~hfnsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g . 

cem} klg ;a} lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf ;8s 

k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] 

c;dfg ljt/0fsf] kl/0flt xf] of] . 

/fhwfgLaflx/ dfkb08 / cfjZos 

k"jf{wf/ tof/ gu/L gu/kflnsf 3f]iff0ff 

ul/Psf 5g\ . o;sf] ;f]emf] k|efj d"No 

j[l4, Aofhb/ / hgtfsf] ;fdflhs 

cfly{s hLgjdf k/]sf] 5 . k"jf{wf/ 

tof/ gu/L gu/kflnsf agfPsf] sf/0f 

hUuf d"Nofª\sg ck|fs[lts 9+un] 

al9/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] rfx]/ klg 

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu k|efjsf/L 

e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . of]hgf 

sfof{Gjogsf] c;kmntf b/ x/]s jif{ 

al9/x]sf] 5 . 

e"uf]nsf] lx;fan] 

c:6«]lnof g]kfneGbf 7"nf] 5 t/, 

g]kfn / c:6«]lnofsf] hg;+Vof 

nueu a/fa/h:t} 5 . ljsl;tsf] 

lghL If]qåf/f ci6«]lnofsf] ky{df lgdf{0ffwLg Jofkfl/s sDKn]S; . 

t:jL/ M n]vs 

b]zsf] ;"rLdf c:6«]lnof lgs} tn 5 

t/, ljsf; lgdf{0fdf lnPsf] ultnfO{ 

x]bf{ c:6«]lnofn] l5§} ljsf;sf] 7"nf] 

;kmntf xft kfg]{ ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 . 

nufgLsf] If]qdf ljb]zL;Fu lge{/ 

/x]sf] c:6]«lnofsf] C0fef/ pRr 5 . 

t/, o;sf] clwsf+z lx:;f lghL If]qs} 

5 . c:6«]lnofsf] ljsf;df lghL If]qn] 

g} g]t[Tj lnPsf 5g\ eGbf x'G5 . ;/sf/n] 

s]jn nufgLsf] cfjZos jftfj/0f 

l;h{gf ug]{ sfd ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] 

k|d'v kmfObf eg]sf] ;/sf/n] k"jf{wf/ 

ljsf;df Wofg lbg ;s]sf] 5 . sltko 

7fpFdf lghL If]qsf] kxndf ;8s, 

vfg]kfgL, ljB't\sf] ljsf; ul/Psf 

5g . h;n] ubf{ >d ahf/df k}bf 

x'g] a]/f]huf/L sd ePsf] 5 eg] l/6]n 

ahf/n] 7"nf] dfqfdf /f]huf/L l;h{gf 

u/]sf] 5 . Jojl:yt s/ k|0ffnLn] 

;/sf/L gub sf]ifnfO{ /fd|f] 6]jf lbPsf] 

5 . k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ul/Psf] nufgL 

cGTodf ;/sfn] ljleGg ;|f]taf6 lkmtf{ 

lng ;kmn ePsf] 5 . 

g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of 

k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf sfd ;'? g} x'g 

g;Sg' xf] . sltko sfdx¿ k|efjsf/L 

tof/Llagf ;'? ePsf 5g\ . o;n] 

cfof]hgsf sfof{Gjodf plrt k|ltkmn 

lbPsf] 5}g . oxL sf/0f nufgLstf{df 

ljZjf;sf] efj pTkGg ePsf] 5 . 

;/sf/L 9's'6Lsf] b'?kof]u ePsf] 5 . 

o;sf] ljk/Lt c:6«]lnofdf 

;/sf/n] nufgLstf{sf] dg lhTg 

;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] k"jf{wf/sf u/]sf] 

nufgL hgtfnfO{ lbPsf] ;]jfaf6 c;'n 

ul//x]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs / 

k"jf{wf/ If]qsf] ljsf;df c:6«]lnofn] 

ckgfPsf] df]8n g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] 

nflu pkof]uL x'g;S5 . 

-n]vsn] Pl8y sfjg ljZjljBfno, 

ky{af6 k|f]km];gn kmfOgfG; / a}+lsªdf 

PdaLP u/]sf 5g\ ._ 

!^ @)&! c;f]h

lekpkj 

l/on O:6]6 nufgL 

hf]lvdaf6 aflxl/Fb} a}+sx¿ 

u jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] k'/fgf shf{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy c;'n u/]sf / gof“ nufgL gu/]sfn] 

36\of] l/on O:6]6df nufgL . 

u l/on O:6]6df #) jfl0fHo a}+ssf] sl/a ^) ca{ nufgL . 

u OGe]:6d]G6 a}+ssf] ;a}eGbf a9L . glan a}+s, k|fOd sdl;{on / l;4fy{ a}+ssf] klg 

l/on O:6]6df # ca{dfly nufgL . 

cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df l/on 

O:6]6 If]qdf jfl0fHo a}+ssf] 

nufgL 36]sf] b]lvPsf] 

5 . jfl0fHo a}+såf/f k|sflzt ckl/:s[t 

ljQLo ljj/0fn] l/on O:6]6 If]qdf nufgL 

36]sf] b]vfPsf] xf] . 

a}+sx¿sf] ckl/:s[t ljQLo 

ljj/0fcg';f/ #) j6f jfl0fHo a}+sn] 

cfj )&)÷&! df %( ca{ ^& s/f]8 

$# nfv ! xhf/ ?k}of“ l/on O:6]6df 

nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . l/on O:6]6df ePsf] 

nufgL cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf sl/a # 

ca{ sd xf] . t/, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] 

cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df JolQmut cfjf; 

shf{nfO{ eg] k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf 5g\ . 

a}+sn] l/on O:6]6df nufgL ug{ grfx] klg 

cfjf;Lo 3/shf{, Jofj;flos ejg tyf 

cfjf;Lo ckf6{d]G6, Jofkfl/s sDKn]S; 

/ hUufhldg vl/b tyf Knl6ªdf nufgL 

a9fPsf x'g\ . 

sltko a}+sn] t Aofhb/ * 

k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf emf/]/} eP klg 

JolQmut cfjf; shf{ lbPsf 5g\ . /fi6« 

a}+sn] o:tf] cfjf; shf{ Ps s/f]8 

?k}ofF;Dd lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/lbPsf] 5 . 

ljleGg cjlwdf shf{ e'QmfgL 

ug]{ cfwf/df cfj;Lo 3/ shf{sf nflu 

a}+sn] to u/]sf] Aofhb/ * b]lv !%=(( 

k|ltzt;Dd 5 . 

cl3Nnf] cfjdf jfl0fHo a}+ssf] 

nufgL ^@ ca{ *@ s/f]8 $# nfv #* 

xhf/ lyof] . ut cfjsf] t];|f] q}dfl;s 

-r}q d;fGt_ ;Dddf jfl0fHo a}+ssf] 

l/on O:6]6 If]qdf ^) ca{ ^ s/f]8 % 

nfv &( xhf/ nufgL ePsf] lyof] . 

To;kl5sf] tLg dlxgfd} a}+ssf] 

l/on O:6]6 If]qdf ePsf] nufgL #* 

s/f]8 ^@ nfv 36]sf] 5 . ut cfjdf 

g]kfn OGe]:6d]G6 a}+s, glan a}+s / 

k|fOd a}+sn] l/on O:6]6 Joj;fodf 

;a}eGbf a9L nufgL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 

l/on O:6]6 If]qdf ;a}eGbf sd 

nufgL ug]{ jfl0fHo a}+sdf d]uf, ;]Gr'/L, 

a}+s ckm sf7df08", hgtf / ;flgdf 

a}+s 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] l/on O:6]6 If]qdf 

! ca{eGbf sd dfqfdf nufgL 5 . 

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] l/on 

O:6]6 If]qdf kof{Kt nufgL gu/]sf / 

klxn] ePsf nufgL klg bafad"ns 

9+un] c;'Ng yfn]sfn] o; If]qdf 

ePsf] nufgL tYof+s ;du|df 36]sf] 

b]lvPsf] ;flgdf a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L 

clws[t e'jg bfxfnn] atfP . 

ut cfjdf l/on O:6]6 Joj;fo 

dfq ul//x]sf Joj;foLnfO{ a}+sn] 

C0f lbg dfg]sf lyPgg\ . l/on O:6]6 

@)&! c;f]h 

Joj;fo;“u} cGo Joj;fo klg ul//x]sf 

Joj;foLn] a}+saf6 ;xh} shf{ kfO/x]sf 

lyP . w]/}h;f] l/on O:6]6 Joj;foLsf] 

cGo ;dfgfGt/ Joj;fo 5}g . 

cfjf; shf{df pbf/ 

a}+sn] k'/fgf] shf{ wdfwd 

p7fO/x]sf / l/on O:6]6 If]qdf gof“ 

shf{ glbPsfn] ut cfjdf l/on 

O:6]6df a}+s nufgL 36]sf] xf] . 

ut cfly{s jif{df ;a} a}+sx¿n] 

l/on O:6]6 If]qsf] clwsf+z 

shf{ c;'n u/]sfn] rfn' cfly{s 

jif{df eg] o; If]qsf] shf{ a9\g]df 

e§/fO{ cfzfjfbL 5g . clxn] jfl0fHo 

a}+sx¿sf] l/on O:6]6 shf{ s'n 

nufgLdWo]sf] b; k|ltzteGbf sddf 

em/]sf] pgn] atfP . o;sf/0f klg rfn' 

cfly{s jif{df l/on O:6]6 If]qdf a}+ssf] 

nufgL a9\g] e§/fO{sf] ts{ 5 . z 

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] l/on O:6]6df u/]sf] nufgL -?= xhf/df_ 

a}+s cfj @)&)÷&! sf] 

c;f/ d;fGt 

cfj @)&)÷&! sf] 

r}q d;fGt 

cfj )^(÷&) sf] 

c;f/ d;fGt 

cfj; shf{sf] 

Aofh b/ 

g]kfn a}+s !^^^%#) !^%$%*& @)^%*%$ (=%)–!)=%) 

;g/fO{h a}+s @)%%#)$ @!*#^** @$(!%!) (–!$ 

u|f08 a}+s @^#())$ @*$(^%% @(@$$^@ !@–!% 

l;len a}+s !^((!%# !^(#$#( !&@@*(# *–!) 

s[lif ljsf; a}+s %$$@)* %@@$## $*!@^^ !@–!#=% 

:6ofG88{ rf6{8{ !$)&)$^ !#(()^$ !$*#*!@ – 

Pe/]:6 a}+s @^))%** @@(($*& @!($!(@ !)–!$ 

df5fk'R5«] a}+s @#*%&%) @#%%#)& @#))@!@ !)–!$ 

nIdL a}+s !#)^*#^ !%&&#$( !*%@!(@ !)–!$ 

k|fOd a}+s #(&%#)! #(@%&%$ #&@#&^# !) 

d]uf a}+s #%^**) #^^)#^ @$@$$* (=%)–!% 

;]Gr'/L a}+s ^#@*%! %!%$$) #^$!*! (–!# 

lacf]s] ()#($) (^^!)) !!($$^^ !#–!$ 

n'lDagL a}+s !%$***) !$)%&)) !@%!@#) !)–!@ 

OGe]:6d]G6 a}+s $(^!%(% %%^@#^^ ^#!@$!# !@–!# 

g]kfn P;aLcfO{ !%%(*(* !$#@$$! !)@#&** !#–!$ 

glan a}+s $$&#$%% $^&^(%* $$#%&%! (–!# 

Pg;L;L a}+s ($^)%& !!@%(&& !$)^*^) !!–!@ 

k|e' a}+s !@&@!() !$&$#(! @!)^)#$ – 

PgcfO{;L Pl;of @(^@^(! @&^)&%$ #^@&@!@ *=((–!%=(( 

PgaL a}+s !$%($&) !#@#%)) $&!&*) (=%)–!@ 

l;4fy{ a}+s #$,$(,*%! ##,@(,*)@ #^,$^,@*# !@–!# 

PgPdaL a}+s !@@@@$) !!$*!#% !!@^)** !!–!$=%) 

hgtf a}+s ()(^^$ &&(!(! %^(#)^ !)–!$ 

;flgdf a}+s (#!@($ *$*$*# ()$^%* (–!$ 

Unf]an a}+s @)@%^!) !*$%)%# @@*&@$) (–!@ 

/fli6«o jfl0fHo @$%)%@$ @%)()&( @%!)@%$ *–!@ 

lxdnfog a}+s @&#%%&# @**^)^% #!%$%&$ *=@% 

s'df/L a}+s @)$)*&( @)%)^&( @!*%*$@ !!–!@=%) 

l;l6hG;\ a}+s @%%!)$& @%(#^^^ @&^#&&$ (–!$ 

s'n %(^&$#)( ^))^)%&( ^,@*,@$,##* 

sf7df8f}+–s'n]vfgL–x]6f}+8f ;'?ªdfu{ 

5fofdf k¥of] 

:jb]zL k'“hL / k|ljlwsf] s'/f 

ax'k|tLlIft sf7df8f}+–s'n]vfgL–x]6f}+8f ;'?ªdfu{df Sofg]l8og 

nufgLstf{n] nufgL ug]{ ePkl5 kl/of]hgf lgdf{0fdf :jb]zL k'“hL 

/ ;Lksf] s'/f 5fofdf k/]sf] 5 . g]kfn k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgL 

-PgkLaL;LPn_ n] ;'?ªdfu{ lgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/;dIf k|:tfj k]; ubf{ 

:jb]zL k'“hL / :jb]zL ;Lk g} k|of]u u/]/ kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ elgPsf] 

lyof] . t/, sDkgLn] kl/of]hgfsf nflu :jb]zL nufgL h'6fpg g;s]kl5 

ljb]zL nufgL Nofpg nfu]sf] xf] . 

o;;“u} sltko k|fljlws sfdsf nflu Sofg8fsf] Osf]g sDkgLsf] 

k|fljlws ;xof]u lng] tof/L klg sDkgLn] yfn]sf] 5 . o;n] kl/of]hgf 

k|:tfj ubf{ elgPsf] :jb]zL ;Lksf] s'/f;d]t 5fofdf kg]{ ePsf] 5 . t/, 

k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgLsf clwsf/Lx¿ eg] o;nfO{ :jLsfb}{gg\ . nufgL 

C0fsf] ¿kdf cfPsf] / k|fljlws ¿kdf ;fdfGo ;xof]u dfq lng] 

ePsfn] :jb]zL ;Lk / k'“hL 5fofdf gk/]sf] pgLx¿sf] ts{ 5 . 

;'?ªdfu{ lgdf{0fsf nflu Sofg]l8og nufgLstf{n] sDtLdf sl/a 

@& ca{ ?k}ofF -@* s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_ C0f lbg ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . 

Sofg]l8ogn] C0f lbg] ePkl5 ;'?ªdfu{sf] nfutdWo] sl/a *) k|ltzt 

nufgL h'6]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] nfdf] ;dob]lv kl/of]hgfsf] nufgL h'6fpg 

g;s]kl5 ;'?ªdfu{ g} gaGg] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . 

Sofg]l8og sDkgLn] nufgL ug]{ atfPkl5 s]xL l9nf] u/L eP klg 

kl/of]hgf aGg] ljZjf; a9]sf] 5 . 

o; ;'?ªdfu{ lgdf{0fsf nflu Sofg8fsf OGk|mfAofª\S; skf]{/];g, 

;]h Unf]an Sofg8f / Unf]an kmfOgflG;on P;f]l;P6\;n] C0f lbg 

;xdlt hgfPsf x'g\ . ut dlxgf sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf 

g]kfn k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgLsf tkm{af6 cWoIf s'zs'df/ hf]zL / 

Sofg]l8og nufgLstf{ sDkgLsf k|ltlglwx¿n] C0f nufgL;DaGwL 

;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf x'g\ . 

;D´f}tfcg';f/ of] C0f g]kfn k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgLn] !% 

jÈ{leq ltl/;Sg'k5{ . shf{ Aofhb/ …nG8g OG6/ a}+s ckm8{ /]6Ú cg';f/ 

x'g] g]kfn k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgL cWoÔ s'zs'df/ hf]zLn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . o;cg'¿k shf{ Aofhb/ a9Ldf @ b]lv # k|ltzt;Dd x'g]5 . 

sDkgLn] eg] cfufdL * jif{df shf{ r'Qmf ul/;Sg] /0fgLlt agfPsf] 

hf]zLn] atfP . 

cfufdL tLg dlxgfdf C0f ;D´f}tfsf ;a} k|lqmof k"/f u/L 

kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f yflng] pgn] atfP . …;D´f}tfkl5 ;/sf/L sfuhft 

tof/ kfg{, jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg -O{cfO{P_ nufotsf sfd 

;N6fpg tLg dlxgf nfUg] / To;kl5 sfd g} ;'? ug]{ of]hgf 5,Ú pgn] 

eg] . kl/of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu afFsL @) k|ltzt nufgL eg] :jb]zL 

nufgLstf{af6 ;+sng ul/g] hf]zLn] hfgsf/L lbP . o;sf nflu g]kfn 

k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgLn] @ ca{ ?k}of“a/fa/sf] ;]o/ vl/b ;D´f}tf 

ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;dWo]sf] ! ca{ 6LaLcfO{ ;d"xn] nufgL ug]{ ;xdlt 

ul/;s]sf] 5 . 

To;}u/L, @ ca{sf] k"j{k|fylds ;]o/ -kLcfO{kLcf]_ / # ca{sf] 

k|fylds ;]o/ -cfO{kLcf]_ hf/L ug{ nfluPsf] hf]zLn] atfP . sDkgLn] 

lk|–cfO{kLcf] hf/L ug{ g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{df :jLs[ltsf nflu cfj]bg 

lbPsf] * dlxgf eO;s] klg cg'dlt eg] kfPsf] 5}g . 

g]kfndf klxnf]k6s cfPsf Sofg]l8og sDkgLsf k|ltlglwn] 

k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sDkgLsf] nufgL ;'?jft dfq} ePsf] atfp“b} cfufdL 

lbgdf cGo kl/of]hgfdf klg nufgL a9fOg] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . z 

!&

fo'o 

hfkfgsf] 6f]lsof] l:yt df5f ahf/ . ljZjd} k|l;l4 sdfPsf] *) jif{ k'/fgf] of] ahf/nfO{ x6fP/ PdhLPd l/;f]6{ OG6/g]zgnn] Sofl;gf] l/;f]6{ agfpg] ePsf] 5 . 

ef/tdf afns]lGb|t ckf6{d]G6 

ef/tsf xfplhª sDkgLn] 

afnaflnsfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4nfO{ 

Wofgdf /fVb} xfplhª lgdf{0f ug]{ 

ePsf 5g\ . h;df xfplhªleq} 6]lg; 

sf]6{b]lv JolQmTj / g]t[Tj ljsf;sf 

ljleGg ;'ljwfx¿ ;dfj]z x'g] ePsf] 

5 . 

ef/tsf] h]/f 8]enkd]G6\;n] 

afnaflnsfsf] ;'ljwfnfO{ Wofg 

lbOPsf] xfplhª nGr u/]sf] xf] . 

ef/tdf ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv 

ckf6{d]G6÷xfplhªsf] dfu 3l6/x]sf] 

5 . xfplhª sDkgLx¿n] u|fxssf] 

Wofg cfslif{t ug{sf nflu ljleGg 

;'ljwf;lxtsf cfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ 

yfn]sf x'g\ . 

h]/fn] ef/tsf] k'g] / 

a}+unf]/df o:tf ;'ljwfdf xfplhª 

lgdf{0f yfn]sf] xf] . sDkgLn] uf]jfdf 

klg afns]lGb|t xfplhª lgdf{0f ;'? 

u/]sf] atfPsf] 5 . 

oL kl/of]hgf cfufdL b'O{ 

jif{df lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] atfOPsf] 

5 . o; cjwf/0ffdf ag]sf b'O{ 

a]8 ?dsf] ckf6{d]G6sf] d"No *% 

nfv ef/tLo ?k}ofF kg]{ atfOPsf] 

5 . To;}u/L, tLg a]8 ?d ePsf] 

ckf6{d]G6sf] d"No eg] Ps s/f]8 

kf“r nfv ?k}ofF;Dd kg]{ sDkgLn] 

atfPsf] 5 . z 

;g\ @)!$ df ljZjdf k|f]k6L{ ahf/sf] 

nufgL sl/a !# k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] 

cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{ k|f]k6L{ 

ahf/sf] nufgL !# va{ #) ca{ 

8n/ k'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . 

s;Dofg PG8 j]slkmN8n] 

u/]sf] cWoogn] ;g\ @)!# df 

ljZj k|f]k6L{ ahf/df !! va{ *) 

ca{ 8n/ nufgL ePsf] b]vfPsf] 

5 . of] ;g\ @)!@ sf] t'ngfdf 

@@=^ k|ltztn] a9L xf] . s;Dofg 

PG8 j]slkmN8 of] j[l4nfO{ ;g\ 

@))& otfs} ;a}eGbf a9L eg]sf] 

5 . 

cl3Nnf] jif{ ljZj k|f]k6L{ 

dfs]{6df Pl;of If]qsf] nufgL 

;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] lyof] . ljZj 

tl:j/M 8An'kL;L 

@)!$ df ljZj k|f]k6L{ ahf/sf] 

nufgL !# va{ 8n/ k'Ug] 

k|f]k6L{ ahf/dWo] $* k|ltzt Pl;of 

If]qn] cf]u6]sf] tYofª\sn] b]vfPsf] 

5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ Pl;ofsf] k|f]k6L{ 

dfs]{6 @% k|ltztn] a9]/ % ca{ 

^* s/f]8 ^) nfv 8n/ k'u]sf] 

5 . rLg, hfkfg, c:6«]lnofsf] 

k|f]k6L{ dfs]{6df nufgL a9]sf] 5 eg] 

tfOjfg, ef/t, blIf0f sf]l/of, xªsª 

/ yfONofG8sf] k|f]k6L{ dfs]{6sf] 

nufgL t'ngfTds ¿kdf 36]sf] 5 . 

o; jif{ ahf/ lj:tf/df 

cd]l/sf / klZrd o'/f]kn] yk 

of]ubfg ug]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] 

s;Dofg PG8 j]slkmN8sf k|d'v 

h]g ljlnPd a;6Lh]gn] atfPsf] 

8An'kL;Ln] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . 

!* @)&! c;f]h

O;oLFkkiu 

ljho /fhe08f/L 

cWoIf tyf k|aGw lgb]{zs, 

;LO{ sG:6«S;g 

;kmntfsf] d"n dGq ‘kf/blz{tf’ 

klg ;+:yfsf] ;kmntf 

jf c;kmntf d"Vo ¿kdf 

s'g} 

To; ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdf 

e/ k5{ . Joj:yfkgdf ljz]if Wofg 

lbPsf] ;+:yf ;kmn g} ePsf 5g\ . 

;doqmdcg';f/ g} Joj:yfkgdf gof“ 

;"q / tl/sf ljsl;t ePsf 5g\ . 

ljsl;t k|ljlwn] klg o;df 7"nf] 

of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . 

g]kfndf klg skf]{/]6 ;d'bfon] 

la:tf/} Joj:yfkgnfO{ ljz]if 

dxTj lbg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;+:yfdf 

hgzlQm, ljQLo kIf, pTkfbg tyf 

ahf/, kl/of]hgf cflbsf] k|efjsf/L 

Joj:yfkgn] g} sDkgLnfO{ nIodf 

k'Ug ;xof]u u/]sf] x'G5 . 

;du| skf]{/]6 ;]S6/df 

Joj:yfkgdf gd'gf sDkgLsf] ¿kdf 

dflgG5– ;LO{ sG:6«S6g . sf7df8f}+sf] 

lqk'/]Zj/l:yt ;LO{n] d'Vou/L 

xfplhª÷l/on O:6]6 tyf lgdf{0fsf] 

If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . 

k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgsf 

nflu klxnf] ;t{ lzIff g} ePsf] 

;LO{ sG:6«S;gsf cWoIf tyf 

k|aGw lgb]{zs ljho /fhe08f/L 

atfp“5g\ . …s'g} klg ;+:yfsf] lehg 

x'g'k5{ . ToxL lehgnfO{ ;xL ¿kdf 

Jojxf/df ptfg'{ g} Joj:yfkg xf],Ú 

pgn] eg] . To;}u/L, eO/x]sf] sfdnfO{ 

gof“ tl/sfn] ug]{ / s;}n] gu/]sf] 

sfd ug'{nfO{ pBdzLntf dfG5g\ 

pgL . ;LO{ s:6«S;gsf] Joj:yfkgsf 

nflu k|ljlwnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]sf] pgn] 

atfP . 

…s'g} ;+:yf ;'? ug'{eGbf klxn] 

@)&! c;f]h 

;LO{sf] 

Joj:yfkg ;"q 

cfkm\gf]kg M cfkm"nfO{ 

kbf{ sDkgL 5 . sDkgLnfO{ 

kbf{ cfkm"n] ;Sbf] ug'{k5{ eGg] 

jftfj/0f l;h{gf ePsf] x'g'k5{ . 

art / afF8kmfF8 M 7Ls 

tf}/tl/sfn] sfd ubf{ pTkfbsTj 

a9\g ;S5 . j]:6]h sd ug{ 

;lsG5 . o;/L hf]ufPsf] 

rLhnfO{ kl5 Pscfk;df afF8\g 

;lsG5 . 

ljQLo Kofs]h M ;LO{n] 

x/]s jif{ % b]lv !% k|ltzt 

tna j[l4 ub}{ cfPsf] 

5 . To;}u/L, kkm{d]G; OG;]lG6e, 

nfef+zsf] lx:;fbf/ ;LO{sf 

sd{rf/L klg x'g kfpF5g\ . 

:jf:Yo pkrf/ M 

;LO{n] sd{rf/Lsf] :jf:Yo 

pkrf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ pknAw 

u/fpF5 . o;afx]s kl/jf/sf 

;b:osf] :jf:Yo pkrf/df klg 

sDkgLn] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 

/f]huf/Lsf] lglZrttf M 

;LO{df lgo'Qm ePkl5 sd{rf/Lsf] 

JolQmut OR5fafx]s sDkgLn] 

cfhLjg /f]huf/Laf6 x6fpFb}g . 

PSn} ug]{ ls ;fem]bf/L -kf6{g/ 

l;k_ df ug]{ eGg] 6'ª\Uofpg'k5{,Ú 

/fhe08f/Ln] eg] …cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f 

lbg'k5{ eGg] ;f]r]/ xfdLn] rflx“ 

;fem]bf/L /f]Hof} .Ú 

PSn]n] sfd ubf{ ;+:yfsf] 

cfsf/ klg ;fg} x'g] x'“bf k|lt:kwL{ 

Ifdtf klg sdhf]/ g} x'G5 . 

;fem]bf/Ldf sfd ubf{ ;+o'Qm k|of; 

x'G5 / k|lt:kwL{ Ifdtf klg a9\5 . … 

PSn}n] u¥of] eg] b; jif{df !) s/f]8 

sdfpg ;lsPnf . kf6{g/l;kdf ul/of] 

eg] Ps ca{ sdfO x'g ;S5,Ú pgL 

eG5g\, …b; s/f]8df b; k|ltztn] Ps 

s/f]8 kmfObf x'G5 eg] Ps ca{df % 

k|ltztn] klg % s/f]8 kmfObf x'G5 .Ú 

;fem]bf/Ldf ul/Psf] Jojf;fon] 

;w}+ kmfObf g} lbG5 eGg] xf]Og . 

;+:yfsf] k|ult / cjglt ;fem]bf/sf] 

e"ldsf / bIftfdf lge{/ u5{ . t;y{, 

cfkm\gf] lehg sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] 

;fe]mbf/ 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] s'/fsf] 

6'ª\uf] klxn] nufpg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;fem]bf/ 

x¿sf] Joj:yfkgdf klg g]t[Tjn] Wofg 

lbg ;Sg'k5{ . /fhe08f/L eG5g\, 

…g]t[Tjn] kf6{g/nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ 

;Sg'k¥of] . sfd Nofpg klg ;Lk / 

d]xgt plQs} clgjfo{ 5 . ePsf 

dflg;nfO{ lehg lbP/ lx“8fpg 

;Sg'k¥of] .Ú olt dfq} geP/ sfd 

ug]{ jftfj/0fn] klg sfdsf] glthfdf 

c;/ ul//x]sf] x'g] ePsfn] s'g} klg 

;+:yfsf nflu …jls{ª OGefO/f]d]G6Ú 

dxTjk"0f{ 7fG5g\ pgL . 

To;kl5sf] dxTjk"0f{ 

kf6f] x'g\ u|fxs . ;+:yf ;kmn 

x'gsf nflu cfkm"n] lbPsf] 

k|8S6df u|fxsnfO{ ;Gt'i6 agfpg 

;Sg'k5{ . To;df cfPsf c8\rg 

l5rf]Ng ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg g} 

k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ . /fhe08f/L eG5g\, 

…s'g} klg s'/fnfO kf/bzL{ 9+un] /fVg 

;lsof] eg] cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 . 

;kmn aGg ;lsG5 .Ú Joj:yfkgdf 

;a} pkfox¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] 

pkof]u ug{ ;lsof] eg] ;'?s} sDkgL 

klg gd'gf aGg ;Sg] /fhe08f/L 

atfp“5g\ . Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|0ffnLdf 

Nofpgsf nflu ;'?df 7"nf] d]xgt 

rflxg] pgn] atfP . 

;LO{sf] ;kmntf p;sf] 

Joj:yfkg;“u hf]l8Psf] 5 . ;LO{n] 

dfgj ;+;fwg, kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg, 

cfly{s Joj:yfkg cflbdf ljz]if 

Wofg lbPsf] 5 . …sDkgLsf] gLltut 

ljifodf 5nkmn ug{sf nflu 

;fKtflxs a}7s x'g] u/]sf] 5 . 

gLltut ljifodf lg0f{o ePkl5 To;sf] 

sfof{Gjogsf nflu sfof{Gjog txsf 

JolQmx¿ ;lDdlnt a}7s u5f}{+,Ú 

/fhe08f/Ln] eg] . 

sDkgLn] cGt/lqmofTds 9+udf 

sfd ug'{kg]{ pgn] atfP . …sltko 

sDkgLdf s'g} klg ljifo Ps csf{nfO{ 

hfgsf/L glbg] gLlt x'G5 . To:tf] 

k|sf/sf] Joj:yfkgn] ;kmn eO“b}g,Ú 

pgL eG5g\, …x/]s ljifosf] hfgsf/L 

sDkgLsf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ 

x'g'k5{ . Pp6fnfO{ yfxf gePsf] ljifo 

csf]{nfO{ yfxf x'G5 . ;a};“u 5nkmn 

ubf{ s'g} sfd unt ePsf] /x]5 eg] 

;'wfg]{ df}sf kfOG5 .Ú 

;dosf] Joj:yfkg ;a}eGbf 

dxTjk"0f{ 7fG5g\ pgL . ;a} sfd 

;dodf ug]{ ;s]dfq glthf cfkm\gf] 

kIfdf kg]{ /fhe08f/Lsf] ljZjf; 5 . 

z 

s'g} klg ;+:yfsf] lehg 

x'g'k5{ . ToxL lehgnfO{ 

;xL ¿kdf Jojxf/df ptfg'{ 

g} Joj:yfkg xf] . eO/x]sf] 

sfdnfO{ gof“ tl/sfn] ug]{ 

/ c?n] gu/]sf] sfd ug'{ g} 

pBdzLntf xf] . 

/fhe08f/Lsf 

Joj:yfkg ;"q 

kfFr ‘…kL’ 

• kª\r'cfln6L -;dodf_ 

• k|fO/f]6fOh];g -k|fyldstf_ 

• k|D6g]; -lglb{i6tf_ 

• k/km]S;g -k"0f{tf_ 

• Kof;g -hf];_ 

tLg …‘6L’ 

• 6«fG;k/]G;L -kf/blz{tf_ 

• 6«:6 -ljZjf;gLotf_ 

• l6djs{ -;fd"lxstf_ 

rf/ …‘;L’ 

• sld6]8 -k|lta4_ 

• slDk6]G6 -of]Uo_ 

• slGkm8]G6 -cfTdljZjf;_ 

• lqmPl6le6L -l;h{gzLntf_ 

!(

lgj 

km]l/b}5 

/fhwfgLsf] d'xf/ 

@) 

k'/fgf] afg]Zj/b]lv l;gfd+un hfg] af6f] :t/f]Gglt ul/Fb} . 

sf7df8f}+n] b]znfO{ nfdf] ;do 

zf;g u¥of] t/, k|zf;lgs 

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug{ ;s]g . 

kmn:j¿k hgtf k|zf;lgs sfds} nflu 

b]ze/af6 /fhwfgL wfpg afWo eP . 

sf7df8f+}sf] rf/}lt/ ;'Gb/ 7fp“ eP klg 

/fhwfgL dfq} cj;/sf] uGtJo aGof] . 

h;af6, IfdtfeGbf a9L hg;+Vofsf] rfk 

/fhwfgLdf k¥of] . kmn:j?k b}glGbg s'?k 

aGg yfNof] /fhwfgL . 

/fhwfgL eGgf;fy ;Dk"0f{ 

;'ljwf;DkGg ;x/ eGg] efj ;a}sf] dgdf 

cfpF5 . t/, sf7df8f}+ eg] o;df ckjfb 

5 . /fhwfgLd} oy]i6 k"jf{wf/ 5}gg\ eg] 

b]zsf cGo efusf] cj:yf s] xf]nf, 

;xh} cg'dfg x'G5 . 

k|zf;lgs ;'ljwf / cj;/sf] dfq 

xf]Og /fhgLltsf] ;d]t s]Gb| aGof] /fhwfgL . 

b]ze/af6 dflg; cf]Ol/P . hxfFtxL+ 3/ 

6x/f 7l8P . s+lqm6 y'lk|of] . af6f] xf];\ 

jf gbLsf lsgf/, ;fj{hflgs xf];\ jf 

;/sf/L hldg ;a}lt/ cltqmd0f ;'? eof] . 

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{eGbf u'hf/f rnfpg] 

ljifon] k|fyldstf kfof], h'g :jfefljs 

lyof] . sdhf]/ Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf 

ePsf] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf of]hgf sfof{Gjog 

ug}{ ;s]g . kmn:j¿k c;'ljwfsf rfª 

g} aGof] . h;nfO{ kG5fpg 7"nf] nufgL, 

nufj / d]xgtsf] h?/L 5 . 

dfOlt3/–tLgs'g] ;8sv08df ;f]nf/ aQL h8fgsf nflu kf]ndf pks/0f h8fg ub}{ k|fljlwsx¿ . 

ckof{Kt vfg]kfgL . sRrL / 

vfN8fv'N8L af6f] . b'u{lGwt gbL . htftt} 

kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f] . b"lift xfjf . c6];d6]; ;jf/L . 

y'k|} 5g\ sf7df8f}+sf ljz]iftf . ;fFem cf7 

ah]kl5 ;fj{hflgs ;jf/L kfOFb}g . kfOxfn] 

;'/Iffs} lrGtf . s'g} ;dodf …cnsfk'/LÚsf] 

pkgfdn] lrlgg] /fhwfgL clxn] …dxfgu/Ú 

ku/Lsf] pkxf; eO/x]sf] 5 . 

lsg o:tf] eof] t /fhwfgL < 

;x/L ljsf; dGqfnosf k"j{;lrj Pj+ 

;x/Ls/0f lj1 lszf]/ yfkf eG5g\, … 

sf7df8f}+df ;f]r]eGbf a9L hg;+Vof 

lelqof] . To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] 

;/sf/sf] Ifdtf ePg . x/]ssf] u'hf/f 6fg'{ 

g} lyof] . ;a}n] cfkm"v';L ug{ yfn]sfn] 

;x/ g} c:tJo:t x'g k'Uof] .Ú ;/sf/;“u 

kof{Kt of]hgf / gLlt eP klg sfof{Gjogdf 

;d:of ePsfn] /fhwfgLsf] ef}lts ;'wf/ 

x'g g;s]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 . 

;/sf/n] 8]9 jif{cufl8 e"pkof]u 

gLlt agfPsf] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjog x'g 

g;Sbf klg ;x/L ljsf;df ;d:of cfPsf] 

5 . s'g 7fpFdf cfjf; agfpg], sxfF 

cf}Bf]lus If]q /xg], s'g 7fp“ s[lifsf nflu 

xf] eGg] s'/f 5'§ofpg g;Sbf ;x/sf] :j¿k 

lalu|Psf] xf] . 

g]kfndf ePsf] x/]s /fhgLlts 

kl/jt{gkl5 sf7df8f}+sf] hg;+Vof 

a9]sf] t/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfut Ifdtf sdhf]/ 

ePsf] sf/0f ;x/Ls/0f 

Jojl:yt x'g ;s]g . ;a} 

/fhgLlts kl/jt{gn] ;Qf 

sf7df8f}+d} s]lGb|t u/fPsf] 

5 . cj;/sf] ljt/0f x'g 

;s]sf] 5}g . x/]s sfdsf 

nflu /fhwfgL wfpg'kg]{ 

afWotf 5 . 

csf]tkm{, :yfgLo 

lgsfo g]t[TjljxLg 

5 . h;n] ubf{ ljsf;sf 

cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog 

x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]t[Tj 

gxF'bf ah]6sf] kl/rfng 

ePsf] 5}g . kmn:j?k 

cTofjZosLo k"jf{wf/ aGg 

;s]sf 5}gg\ . ljBdfg 

k"jf{wf/sf] ;'wf/ ePsf] 

5}g . klxn] ag]sf k"jf{wf/ 

hL0f{ ePsf 5g\ . h;n] ;x/sf] :j¿k 

lauf/]sf] 5 . 

o;sf afah'b kl5Nnf ;dodf eg] 

cfzfsf ls/0fx¿ klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . ;du| 

/fhwfgLsf] …:s]rÚ tof/ x'g] cj:yfdf 

5 . 7"nf ;8s / xl/ofnL jftfj/0fsf] 

kl/sNkgf ePsf] 5 . ;'Gb/ au}+rfsf] ;kgf 

;lhPsf] 5 . ;du|df sf7df8f}+sf] :j¿k 

km]l/g] ePsf] 5 . 

o;} jif{ sf7df8f}+n] :j¿k km]g{ 

nfu]sf] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] / casf] rf/ 

kf“r jif{df k"0f{ glthf cfpg] yfkfsf] 

egfO 5 . x'g klg sf7df8f}+sf ;8s 

wdfwd km/flsnf ePsf 5g\ . o;sf 

nflu dfq} ;/sf/n] !) ca{ ?k}ofF 

vlr{{Psf] 5 . xl/ofnL ;8ssf nflu 

bfofF afofF j[Iff/f]k0f yflnPsf] 5 . gbL 

;kmfOsf] cleofg rln/x]sf] 5 . ;8ssf 

bfofFafofF ;f}o{ ljB't\ h8fg ePsf 5g\ . 

h;n] /fhwfgLsf ;8snfO{ rf}aL;} 3G6f 

pHofnf] /fVg]5 . 

sf7df8f} ljsf; k|flws/0fn] 

sf7df8f}+sf ;8s ;'wf/sf] g]t[Tj 

lnPsf] 5 . ;x/sf] ;f}Gbo{ ;8sdf 

lge{/ x'G5 . k|flws/0fn] tLgj6f 5'§f5'§} 

k|of]hg / cfsf/sf ;8snfO{ gd'gf 

kl/of]hgfsf ¿kdf cl3 a9fO/x]sf] 

5 . ;8s lj:tf/sf] qmddf 7"nf] agfOPsf 

dfOtL3/–tLgs'g] v08sf] $) ld6/ rf}8f 

;8s, l8NnLahf/ rf/vfn c8\8faf6 

dxf/fhuGh;Ddsf] !$ ld6/ rf}8f ly/ad 

;8s / afn'jf6f/l:yt /l;og b"tfjf;af6 

kfgLkf]v/L;Ddsf] 5 ld6/ rf}8fOsf] leqL 

af6f] a'l4;fu/ dfu{nfO{ gof“ :j¿kdf 

s:tf] agfpg] eGg]af/] k|flws/0fn] cWoog 

;s]sf] 5 . oL ;8sdf cjnDag ul/Psf] 

cfls{6]S6 l8hfOg cGo ;8sdf klg nfu" 

ug{ ;lsg] k|flws/0fsf pkljsf; cfo'Qm 

tyf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cfo'Qm efOsfhL 

ltjf/Lsf] egfO 5 . 

clxn] alg/x]sf] sf7df8f}+ tLgs'g] 

;8sn] ;x/L ;8ssf] :6\ofG88{ to ug]{ 

k|flws/0fsf] egfO 5 . #=# lsnf]ld6/ 

nfdf] dfOtL3/–tLgs'g] ;8s /fhwfgLsf] 

gd'gf dfu{ aGg] ltjf/Ln] atfP . of] 

;8sdf rf/ txsf] j[Ôf/f]k0f eO/x]sf] 5 . 

;8ssf] b'j} lsgf/df ;fOsn / k}bnofqL 

n]g alg/x]sf] 5 . To;eGbf leq Ps tx 

t:jL/x¿ M lasL /fO{ 

xl/ofnL / j[Ôf/f]k0f ug]{ u/L l8hfOg tof/ 

ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5 b'j}lt/ tLg÷tLg n]g 

;8s s6]kl5 km]l/ Ps tx j[Ôf/f]k0f g} 

eO/x]sf] 5 . ;8ssf] s]Gb|df b'O{ tx 

gg:6k ;8s ag]sf] 5 . ;8ssf] b'j}tkm{ 

;f]nf/ k|sfzsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . 

;8s l8hfOgs} qmddf ;8ssf] 5]p5fpdf 

xf]l8{ªaf]8{ /fVg] 7fp“ to eO;s]sf] 

ltjf/Ln] atfP . 

;x/nfO{ xl/ofnL, lbuf] ljsf; / 

;a}sf nflu ;8s eGg] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ 

sf7df8f}+sf ;x/sf] l8hfOg ul/Psf] 5 . 

;x/nfO{ jftfj/0fd}qL agfpg ;Dej ePsf 

7fp“df j[Ôf/f]k0f ug]{ tyf geP kvf{nx¿df 

xl/of] k]lG6ª ug]{, ;8s lsgf/sf 3/df 

Ps}vfn] /ª nufpg] k|flws/0fsf] of]hgf 

5 . csf]{tkm{, sf]6]Zj/, ;ftbf]af6f], aNv' 

x'Fb} sn+sL;Ddsf] l/ª/f]8 km/flsnf] kfg]{ 

sfd wdfwd eO/x]sf] 5 . rLg ;/sf/sf] 

;xof]udf ;8snfO{ km/flsnf] agfpg] sfd 

cfufdL 8]9 jif{df ;Sg] of]hgf 5 . 

cfufdL d+l;/df x'g nfu]sf] ;fs{ 

lzv/ ;Dd]ngn] klg sf7df8f}+nfO{ ;'Gb/ 

agfpg] axfgf ldn]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf ;fs{ 

d'n'ssf k|d'v cfpg] x'Fbf ;'Gb/ b]zsf] ;'Gb/ 

/fhwfgLsf] ¿kdf sf7df8f}+nfO{ b]vfpg] 

eGb} dxfgu/kflnsfn] ef}lts lgdf{0fsf] 

sfd yfn]sf] 5 . eTsfOPsf clwsf+z 

;8s d+l;/cufl8 g} alg;Sg]5g\ . 

sf7df8f}+df cToGt ;Lldt /x]sf] 

v'nf 7fp“ / kfs{nfO{ klg Jojl:yt ug]{ 

of]hgf ;/sf/sf] 5 . sdnkf]v/LnfO{ ;kmf 

u/L jl/kl/ kfs{ agfpg], afnaflnsfsf 

nflu v]Ng] 7fpF agfOlbg], kfs{df a:g 

/ lxF8\gsf nflu 5'§} 7fpF agfpg] of]hgf 

k|flws/0fn] cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 . v'nf ¿kdf 

/x]sf] tLgs'g] / gf/fo0frf}/nfO{ Jojl:yt 

ug]{ sfd ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . gf/fo0frf}/df 

Jojl:yt au}+rf aGg] ePsf] 5 . 

sf7df8f}+sf] csf]{ ljs/fn ;d:of 

vfg]kfgL xf] . @)&# j}zfv;Ddf 

d]nDrLsf] kfgL sf7df8f}+df ljt/0f 

ul/;Sg] u/L d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfn] 

sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu sf7df8f}+sf 

leqL a:tL;Dd vfg]kfgL kfOk la5\ofpg] 

sfd rln/x]sf] 5 . oL ;a} s'/faf6 yfkfn] 

eg]em}+ cfufdL rf/ jif{df sf7df8f}+sf] 

:j¿k km]l/g] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 . z 

@)&! c;f]h

Property Monthly Issue 1

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