Get the 2012-2013 report - Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta

2012-2013 

Annual Report 

Treaty 8 First Nations 

of Alberta

24 First Nations in Treaty No. 8 

(Alberta) 

Athabasca Chipewyan 

First Nation 

Beaver First Nation 

Bigstone Cree Nation 

Chipewyan Prairie First Nation 

Dene Tha’ First Nation 

Driftpile Cree Nation 

Duncan’s First Nation 

Fort McKay First Nation 

Fort McMurray First Nation 

Horse Lake First Nation 

Kapawe’no First Nation 

Little Red River Cree 

First Nation 

Loon River First Nation 

Lubicon Lake Band 

Mikisew Cree First Nation 

Peerless Trout First Nation 

Sawridge First Nation 

Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation 

Smith’s Landing First Nation 

Sucker Creek First Nation 

Swan River First Nation 

Tallcree Tribal Government 

Whitefish Lake First Nation 

Woodland Cree First Nation

CONTENTS 

Message from The Grand Chief 2 

Message from The Chief Operating Officer 4 

Intergovernmental Initiatives 6 

Treaty Relations 10 

Livelihood 15 

Education 20 

Health 29 

Children’s Agenda 34

Message from 

The Grand Chief 

Grand Chief Roland Twinn 

When I was elected as Grand Chief for Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta I was honored with a drum 

song which was sung by Chief Leslie Joe Laboucan! The beat of the drum and his powerful voice 

echoed throughout the gymnasium. The people of Treaty 8 then lined to congratulate me and the 

Chiefs gave extended words of encouragement. 

Elders, Chiefs, ladies and gentlemen, it’s been an honour to have served as the Grand Chief, it’s been 

quite the experience and humbling. I appreciate the confidence you had in me to carry out my duties. 

Today it’s my turn to extend my hand to each and every one of you. To offer gratitude, appreciation 

and humility and thanks! On behalf of the Executive board, it’s a pleasure to present the 2012 – 2013 

Annual Report. Although the fiscal year ended, our work continues and will continue as long as sun 

shines, the grass grows and the waters flow. Our People will move forward in solidarity to maintain our 

treaty rights. 

What will stand out for me will be Idle no More - to see such a movement wake up the Aboriginal voice, 

not only in Treaty 8 but across the country and the world. This has prompted Treaty 8 First Nations 

Voice to awake as well. I recall being in Ottawa, it was cold and raining when I received my marching 

orders to go meet with the Prime Minister of Canada. Upon arrival at PMO we (Chiefs) were escorted 

up to his board room, a moment of “what did I get myself into” came into my mind but then I heard 

drumming, chanting, singing and the voices of thousands of people, I knew what I had to do and I did it! 

Our assemblies and meeting have a common factor where the host drummers will drum and sing 

the Grand Entry of the Eagle Staff and Flags, where Chiefs and veterans bring the flags in. A flag 

song followed by a veteran song and concluded by a victory song. With the closing ceremony of the 

assembly the drum group will retire the flags with drum and song. No matter where I’ve been, east to 

west to north, the beat of the drum is strong and feeds me the strength to carry out my duties as your 

Grand Chief. 

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta Chiefs have caucused regarding the changes to provincial and federal 

regulations and legislation. We also caucused with the Grand Chiefs from Treaty 7 and Treaty 6. To let 

our position known through this journey. 

We move forward and maintain our progress, we must find the solidarity to stick out not alone but 

as a people. Quote late Chief Walter Twinn “I saw Indian problems as and economic problems. But 

prosperity doesn’t solve everything. To keep our culture alive, we need to know our spiritual beliefs. We 

need strong reserve communities…. Cree people have to be yourself. Nobody can do it for you. If you 

want to walk tall and proud, you have to be a contributor.” This goes for the people of the Dene, Beaver, 

Chipewyan, Sioux and Blackfoot, Blood all our relations… 

May the creator watch over us and our ancestors guide us and you believe in us! 

Page 2

Canada and the First Nations 

Historical Timeline 

OFFICIAL DATE OF FORMATION AS A 

PROVINCE OR TERRITORY: 

• 1870 Province of Manitoba • 1871 Province of British Columbia 

• 1873 City of Winnipeg • 1905 Province of Saskatchewan • 1905 Province of Alberta • 1999 Nunavut 

Grand Chief Roland Twinn 

Page 3

Message from 

The Chief Operating Officer 

Joseph Jobin 

Elders, Chiefs, Youth, Employees and all members of Treaty No. 8, I am pleased to introduce 

our 2012 – 2013 Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta (T8FNA) Annual Report. T8FNA is always 

happy to take every opportunity to report on our activities and this year, we once again have a 

great deal of information to share. 

The Elders and T8FNA Executive Board have provided a strong and positive contribution to 

the ability to focus on our Treaty and Aboriginal rights. The Elders and Executive Board gave 

their time, guidance and direction to T8FNA while at the same time, serving their people and 

communities and fulfilling their duties and obligations. The Elders have shown their support 

in a strong way; T8FNA is appreciative and grateful for their valuable information, insight, and 

particularly their prayers that we know not only helps and protect us but also motivates us in 

the very important work that we do. 

The employees of T8FNA are outstanding group of individuals. They have shown they are 

dedicated, knowledgeable and experienced in a variety of ways that complement not only each 

other but T8FNA as a whole. The staff is definitely to be commended for their continued efforts 

to perform their duties and responsibilities without hesitation. 

T8FNA extends its’ thanks to all of you who have contributed to our operations and success in 

the past and wish the best for you in your future endeavors! 

Financially, as reported by the Auditors, we maintained strong operating results with an 

unqualified audit and no deficit. This puts T8FNA in strong position to maintain operations and 

continue to advocate for lasting recognition of our Treaty Rights. 

Numerous issues continue to arise at a very fast pace and from all directions, particularly 

with the Government of Alberta. We are, however, confident with the Elders, Chiefs and the 

Executive Board’s support and direction, we will continue on the right path. Working together 

can only make us more effective, and help us to reach our goal of success for all our people 

and communities in Treaty 8 territory! 

While this year has shown many changes and adjustments for T8FNA,with challenging and 

difficult circumstances at times, T8FNA continues to ensure that the circumstances are dealt 

with as smoothly and efficiently as possible. It is the intention of T8FNA to remain true to the 

vision, spirit and intent of Treaty No. 8 and ensure the strength of our Treaty, “for as long as the 

sun shines …”. 

Page 4

Page 5

Intergovernmental Initiatives 

Inter-AGENCy WORking Group 

(IAWG) 

Darlene Plamondon, Director of Intergovernmental Relations & Administration 

Over the course of the last 6 years, a working group composed of appointed technicians from Treaty No. 6, Treaty 

No. 7 and Treaty No. 8 was established to collaborate on Strategies to support First Nations in increasing labour 

market participation. Information is shared and workshops are held to support the First Nations work in Skills 

Development, Training, Partnerships, Youth, Multi-barriers and other labour market participation activities. 

As part of the 2012-2013 Interagency Working Group Work Plan, Treaty 8 hosted a “Youth Facilitation Training- 

Future Leaders” workshop. The workshop was held in Slave Lake July 30th to August 2nd, 2012. 

The following sessions were provided to the youth during the forum: 

• Life Skills, Public Speaking, 

• Confidence & Motivation 

• Presentation Styles 

• Traditional Family Systems 

• Role of Facilitation Skills & Concepts 

• Language, Culture, Traditions 

• Parenting Skills 

• Chief Wallace Fox spoke on First Peoples 

History and Natural Laws, Inherent Rights 

& Treaty Rights, Royal Proclamation and 

the Indian Act 

• Dr. Leroy Littlebear presented on 

Governance and Government Role of 

Facilitation, Skills and concepts 

• Historical overview since 1492 

• Sharon Venne did a presentation on 

International Agreements & United Nations 

• Catherine Twinn spoke on Governance as 

Nation Building 

Page 6

Canada and the First Nations Historical Timeline 

FORMAL ADHESIONS & SIGNATORIES: 

• June 21, 1899 Lesser Slave Lake • July 1, 1899 Peace River Landing 

• July 6, 1899 Dunvegan • July 8, 1899 Fort Vermillion • July 13, 1899 Fort Chipewyan 

(continued) 


OTHER ACTIVITIES: 

“Issues in your Community” 

• Gang Violence 

• Alcohol, Drug & Sexual Abuse 

• Lack of respect for property/garbage 

• More activities for Youth 

• Bullying 

• Family problems 

• “What would you do to strengthen support 

for vulnerable and at-risk children, youth and 

families” 

• Confidential Counselling 

• Training Programs – for Youth 

• Guidance Counsellors 

• Workshops and Conferences for Youth 

• Support/Family groups-building 

The youth identified the need to have more 

workshops: 

• Hands on for Cultural ways of doing things 

• About “the people” & About “Youth” 

• Creativity-Courage-determination(taking 

risks-never give up) 

• Children getting their Cree Culture back 

• Aboriginal Culture & Teachings, Ceremonies, 

Pow-wow Dancing/Drums, Singing, Music & 

Arts 

• At Risk Youth, Self-Esteem, Issues our age 

group deals with on Reserve 

• Youth problems and Support Groups 

Treaty 8 is an active participant of Alberta’s Aboriginal Workforce Strategy Steering Committee (AWSSC) and 

strongly advocates for the First Nation Community Action plans and Building Capacity & Resources for Treaty 

8 First Nation Communities. The AWS Steering committee is composed of representatives from Treaty No. 6, 

Treaty No. 7. Treaty No. 8, Metis Settlement General Council, Metis Nation of Alberta, Aseniwuche Winewak 

Nation (AWN), Indian Affairs – Alberta Region, HRSDC, FNIH and various Government of Alberta departments. 

Page 7

FORMAL ADHESIONS & SIGNATORIES (cont.): 

• July 17, 1899 Smith’s Landing • July 25 & 27, 1899 Fond du Lac 

• Aug 14, 1899 Fort McMurray • Aug 14, 1899 Wapiscow Lake • May 30, 1900 Fort St. John, B.C. 


Child, FAMILY & Youth Services: 

ARLENE THUNDER 

CFS Coordinator 

The disproportionate numbers of First Nations children, youth and families 

involved in the child intervention system continues to increase in Alberta. 

There are now 68% of Aboriginal children and youth in care in Alberta. 55% 

of these cases are First Nations children and youth. Research conducted by 

the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada discovered that there are 

more children in care across Canada than there ever was during the Indian 

Residential School era. The current child intervention system is not meeting 

the unique needs of our First Nation children, youth and families therefore, it 

is imperative that we develop a different system that is based on First Nations 

values, beliefs, language, traditions and governance models. The Assembly of 

Treaty Chiefs continues to hold Alberta and Canada accountable to address 

the over-representation of our children in care. 

In September 2012 the Assembly of Treaty Chiefs passed a resolution giving 

the Grand Chiefs the mandate to “establish a specific process and/or a sub-agreement on child and 

family services” with the Minister of Human Services. The development of an MOU is no longer the 

focus of this process. 

As a result of this the new directive from the Chiefs, work has been underway to develop a new 

process. A process that is transparent, open, accountable, fair and inclusive. Treaty No. 6, Treaty No. 

7 and Treaty No. 8 PTO’s secured funding for a Child and Family Services Coordinator position to 

provide assistance and support to the PTO’s, Delegated First Nation Agencies and communities in the 

development of a Strategic Action Plan that will address the longstanding child and family issues that 

are impacting First Nation member children, youth and families in achieving better outcomes while in 

the care of a child intervention agency. This action plan will be developed in 2013-2014 fiscal year and 

will be done in collaboration with Elders, Delegated First Nation Agencies and community stakeholders. 

The following is the progress made with respect to the work undertaken in 2012-13 on the Child and 

Family Services Engagement Process. The work is subject to approval by the Senior Officials Steering 

Committee (SOSC). This process has been endorsed by the Elected Officials of all parties. 

The trilateral process is now referred to as the CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES ENGAGEMENT 

PROCESS (CFS Engagement Process). A structure for the CFS Engagement Process has been 

proposed. It is as follows: 

• Elected Officials – Grand Chiefs, Chiefs, Ministers 

• Senior Officials Steering Committee (SOSC) – Treaty No. 6, Treaty No. 7, Treaty No.8 

CEO’s, Alberta Assistant Deputy Ministers, AANDC RDG. 

Page 8

FORMAL ADHESIONS & SIGNATORIES (cont.): 

• June 8, 1900 Lesser Slave Lake • June 23, 1900 Fort Vermillion 

• July 25, 1900 Fort Resolution • August 15, 1910 Fort Nelson, B.C. 


• Technical Working Group (TWG) – Treaty No. 6, Treaty No. 7 and Treaty No. 8 

Intergovernmental Directors and CFS Coordinators, representatives from Canada ( Aboriginal 

Affairs and Northern Development Canada) and Alberta (Human Services and Aboriginal 

Relations) 

On January 10, 2013 the TWG did a presentation to the Alberta Delegated First Nations Agencies 

(DFNAs) on the progress made on the CFS Engagement Process. An update letter was provided to the 

DFNAs and the Provincial Child Family Services Authorities. 

The TWG asked the DFNAs how they would like to be involved in the CFS Engagement Process. The 

DFNAs want to discuss this further amongst themselves and consult with their Boards. The DFNAs will 

contact each of their respective Treaty Organizations with the outcome of these discussions. 

At the 2013 Winter Session of the Assembly of Treaty Chiefs, the Chiefs in Assembly passed a 

resolution supporting the ongoing work with respect to Child and Family Services and mandated the 3 

PTO’s to secure funding for the process to continue. 

The Treaty 8 Child and Family Services Coordinator is currently supporting the Treaty 8 First Nation 

Designates in developing a business case to secure funding from the Ministry of Human Services to 

support a First Nation Designate position in each of the 24 First Nation communities. This position will 

ensure that Provincial Child and Family Services Authorities are involving the First Nation Designate 

in the planning for services to Treaty 8 children, youth and families who are involved in the child 

intervention system off-reserve. The Designate will ensure that children who are in care off-reserve 

maintain their First Nation identity and ties to their families, culture and community while in the care of 

the province. The ultimate goal is to support all our Treaty 8 children, youth and families regardless of 

their residency. The First Nation Business Case will be completed and submitted to the Ministry in fiscal 

year 2013-2014. 

Page 9

Treaty Relations 

Coordinator Gwen Muskwa 

“More recently Chief Moostoos [Mustus] replaced the other Chief. He wore his uniform almost every day, 

especially when he was on business trips for his fellow Indians. He also wore his uniform when he went 

to meetings with white people. These old Chiefs were very courageous. They didn’t give up on any issue 

wherever they could. They took their positions very seriously. 

Today in my role as Chief it is more or less an honorary position which I am not worthy of. I will criticize 

my fellow Chiefs and some councilors for not having courage. If we are not compensated, many of us will 

not move from our reservations. Here and there this type of an attitude makes an ugly scene. Many of us 

Chiefs are not very courageous as leaders. We cannot keep up with the work load which was previously 

done by one. There are five of us presently and we do not cover what was done by one in years gone by. 

Our forefathers had great vision into the future. Everything was given careful consideration. They chose 

education for their children. They were aware of many things, such as hospitals. Everyone was accounted 

for and was given proper understanding. 

Today if we didn’t have Indian organizations, I don’t know what we would have done. I don’t think there 

would be very many reservations today; the way we, as Chiefs, move at our slow pace. Today, luckily, we 

Chiefs are being supported by Indian organizations and their field workers, who are striving to do their best. 

May you strive to do the right thing and work diligently. Perhaps we may regain if we work together and not 

do things haphazardly.” 

Frank Cardinal-Sucker Creek FN (68 years old at interview) 

Treaty 8 Elders Advisory Council 

It has been a great year with our Elders! We have 

been able to have three full Treaty 8 Elders Advisory 

Council meetings with the assistance of our team from 

Education, Health and Children’s Agenda who helped 

fund these meeting and being able to host our meeting 

in our First Nation communities so that we can share 

the information with local Elders and members. Each 

host Nation has been wonderful hosts and welcomed the 

Elders and staff so graciously. 

Our first meeting was part of the Honouring of Treaty 

Gathering, July 9-13th, 2012 in Bigstone Cree Nation, 

the second was held on October 17, 2012 Sturgeon 

Lake, another on December 5-7th, 2012 in Edmonton and our final meeting on March 18-21st, 2013 in 

Sucker Creek First Nation. 

At our Annual General Meeting in Bigstone last July, the Chiefs were to select one Treaty Right to advance 

for the next fiscal year. The Chiefs chose four Treaty Rights to focus on this year that include: 

1) Education 2) Health 3) Mineral Rights and 4) Hunting, Fishing, Trapping and Gathering 

These have been the focus within our workplan, Elders discussions and working group meetings. 

Page 10

1497 

John Cabot for England 

1534 

Jacques Cartier for France 

1610 

First Canadian Treaty with 

Europeans at Nova Scotia. 

The Concordat Wampum Belt 

with the Vatican 


Dustin & Rod With National Chief Atleo Bigstone 

Although the focus has been on those four rights, the Children’s Agenda has also been part of our team 

and have finalized Children’s Agenda Model from the information from the test implementation sites 

which included Sucker Creek, Loon River and Bigstone. The focus has changed a bit with more focus 

from input from the youth and communities to focus on the cultural awareness, traditional parenting and 

developing our youth councils in our communities so that they may be better prepared to be our future 

leaders. The Elders passed a resolution in March to support the implementation of the Children’s Agenda 

Model and want to see it rolled out into the communities. 

We are using these four rights as the basis and themes in the development of a Treaty 8 Elders book, 

to highlight our Elders testimony and understanding in each of these areas and to also have a focus on 

the Elder’s contributions to Treaty 8. This information may be able to assist in the development of the 

Treaty 8 Historical Outline. We have also developed an outline for the Treaty 8 book that both Treaty 

Discussion and Education department are working together on. The next step is to find a Treaty 8 writer/author 

to start writing the book. 

Our Elders meetings have been very well attended 

with not only our regular appointed representatives 

but from other Elders from our 24 communities. 

They appreciate all the information that is provided 

in these forums and gives them an opportunity to 

provide advice and input on all these initiatives. It 

is hoped that we can seek additional funding to hold 

full Elders Council meetings as it creates greater 

awareness at the community level by providing them 

with these regular updates. 

Treaties 1—11 Gathering 

Page 11

1770’s 

Smallpox and other diseases 

had a devastating toll on 

the Indian population. 

Eventually waves of 

epidemics decimated 

95% of the First Nations 

population. 

1701 

The Great Peace of 

Montreal, a Peace Treaty 

between new friends and 

40 First Nations 


This year we were able to also sponsor a few Elders to attend the Treaties 1-11 Gathering in Brandon, 

Manitoba this year. With the assistance from Sucker Creek First Nation, we were able to utilize their bus 

to transport Elders to the meeting. It was a great trip for them and a special thank you to Penny Calliou, 

Councillor Terry Calliou and Victor Horseman for taking such good care of our Elders during this trip. 

Treaty 8 would also like to initiate a Women’s and Youth Council in the next fiscal year so that we can 

engage them on all these initiatives as well and seek their input on these initiatives as well. We would 

hope to possibly combine some meeting with the Elders as they want to connect with the Youth and 

provide them with their knowledge in all these areas as well as the connection to our language, culture 

and way of life. 

Guiding Principles to the Treaty Relationship 

The Elders have approved and Guiding Principles to the Treaty Relationship at our March 2013 Elders 

meeting in Sucker Creek. Now we hope to seek a joint sign off between Canada and Treaty 8 First 

Nations of Alberta. Once the GPTR’s are jointly signed off we will continue with a roll out plan to our 

communities and schools. We will also utilize these principles with ongoing work with both levels of 

government and industry relations. 

Page 12 

Treaty Commission Report 

The Treaty Relations Commission Working Group has continued to meet on the establishment of an 

Alberta Treaty Commission based on Resolution R05-2012-09-27. Treaty 6, 7 and 8 all developed 

a proposal to continue the work on the Treaty Commission and the recommendations outlined in the 

resolution passed by the AOTC. We held a number of internal meetings of the TRCWG meeting to determine 

next steps and the first joint meeting was held on November 19, 2012. Since that meeting we 

received a letter from Fred Chafe on December 11, 2013 stating the limitations on the establishment of 

the Treaty Commission in Alberta will be based on the existing two commissions in Saskatchewan and 

Manitoba. We had been exploring the establishment of the Treaty Commission for Alberta for approximately 

10 years based on the understanding that it would be a “made in Alberta” model so this limitation 

now set after 10 years was very disheartening. 

The AOTC was held on January 29-31st, 2013 in Calgary and we wanted to address and discuss the 

proposed Treaty Commission. Each of the respective Treaty areas held their own caucuses to discuss 

the Chiefs position on the commission. The Treaty 8 Chiefs held their caucus on January 30, 2013 and 

it was agreed that based on the letter and limitations set that Treaty 8 was no longer in support of the 

establishment of the Treaty Commission based on those limitations. 

We have learned that Treaty 6 still wants to pursue the Treaty Commission and it looking to establish 

a pilot project on this commission. It is also our understanding that there will be opt-in provisions for 

Treaty 7 and Treaty 8 if they decide later that they will want to be part of the process again.

1763 

Royal Proclamation outlines 

the basic principles of Canadian 

Indian Policy: 

* Recognition of Indian 

lands – Recognition of Indian 

Governments – Provision of Treaty 

process with the Crown. 

* Nation-to-Nation basis. 

* The Crown gained access to 

Indian lands and resources, First 

Nations secured the guarantee of 

survival and protection of their 

Nationhood, their way of life. 

* Agreement to share – not sell. 

“As Long as the sun shines, the grass 

grows, and the waters flow.” 


Treaty Relations Coordinator & Elder’s Coordinator 

The Elders have been very happy that we have been able to have full Treaty 8 Elder’s Advisory Council 

meetings instead of just Elders Focus Group meetings. With the assistance of the other departments 

we have been able to do this as they also require input and advice from the Elders on the work they are 

doing. It is so nice to see the awareness and interest growing amongst the Elders and our numbers 

keep growing for attendance at all of our meetings. The role of the Elders is critical in the work we do 

and in the community. We hold them in high regard and need to be more utilized for advise and not just 

for ceremony although that is also very important as well. 

This year we lost another great Treaty 8 warrior, Elder George 

Yellowknee from Bigstone Cree Nation passed away in August 

2012. His kindness, knowledge and wonderful smile are 

greatly missed by the Elders Council and staff here at Treaty 8. 

It is with his passing and other key Elders in the past two years 

that we feel a sense of urgency to finalize some of the highlighted 

projects so that we can capture the Elders words and 

their understandings and recommendation on Treaty Rights for 

our leadership. It is them who have a close link to the Treaty 

signatories and hold the Treaty knowledge that we require. 

Elder George Yellowknee 

We have been utilizing TARR and IAA Elder Interviews to assist us in developing a Treaty 8 Elders 

book. We are also developing a Treaty 8 book and Treaty 8 historical timeline, it is critical that we 

gather their knowledge now before we lose any more of our Elders. We will be working closely with 

the Elders in the next years to gather their knowledge and utilizing older interviews to seek the Elder’s 

understandings on all of our Treaty Rights. 

With all the legislation and policy that is being developed at both the Federal and Provincial level that is 

impacting our Treaty Rights, we need to develop our Treaty 8 position so that we can discuss, negotiate 

and develop this legislation with government so that the impacts are no so great, especially on our 

environment, water and lands. 

We look forward into moving into next year to complete this important work with the assistance of the 

Chiefs, Elders, membership and staff. 

Page 13

Page 14 

ELDERS

Livelihood 

Chief of Livelihood – Chief Leon Chalifoux, Swan River First Nation 

Deputy Chief of livelihood James Ahnassay, Dene Tha’ First Nation 

The Livelihood department continues its role in providing coordination, facilitation and advocacy services and 

functions on ‘livelihood’ related issues, Livelihood consists of Consultation, Environment, Land Management and 

Resource Development. With the collective direction of the Chiefs Livelihood Committee and the assistance of the 

Consultation Technical team (list attached), the Livelihood department continues to ensure all related information 

is shared with the member First Nations consultation contacts and to promote a unified and collective voice that 

will be heard locally, regionally and nationally. 

Livelihood Department Staff 

Kevin Ahkimnachie is the Director of Livelihood. Dustin Twin is the Land Management & Resource Development 

Coordinator, and Freida Cardinal is the Executive Assistant / Researcher. 

Kevin Ahkimnachie Dustin Twin Freida Cardinal 

Report 

Some of the accomplishments in the past year: 

• Coordinated and facilitated discussions on overlap, and shared territories in Treaty 8. 

• Completed survey on Treaty 8 Consultation Office Capacity (with Aboriginal Relations). 

• Continual coordination and distribution of information to Treaty 8 First Nations on Public Lands 

Administration Regulation, Bill S-8 (First Nations Safe Drinking Water Act), and Consultation and Water 

issues, and Treaty and Aboriginal Rights. 

• Water & Treaty Rights conferences on October 10th & 11th, 2012, and on May 2nd, 2013. 

• Coordinating with other organizations in rallies from December 2012 to present day. 

• Continual working relationship with University of Calgary, and University of Alberta 

• Building working relationship with “Our Water Is Not For Sale” Network, Council of Canadians, Boreal 

Leadership Council, Jasper National Park, Keepers of the Athabasca, and many more advocate and 

partner organizations. 

Page 15

1764 

The Treat of Niagra – The 

British Anishinaabe Treaty 

Alliance 

1812 

War of 1812 

1817 

Selkirk Agreement – 

Agreement to share the land 

with the Cree and Ojibway with 

the Red River Colony. 


INM - Idle No More 

In November 2012, the grassroots movement known as “Idle No More” was born after a few teach-ins. The 

First Nations, Metis, and Inuit, Allies, Native Organizations, grassroots people, and Supporters of Treaty and 

Aboriginal Rights have gathered at such places as the Alberta Provincial Legislature, Canada Place - Federal 

Building, Shopping malls, Public squares, school gymnasiums and streets to march, protest and rally against 

Federal legislations, Provincial regulations, and policies that may infringe on, and will affect Treaty rights. Grass 

roots people took a stand on the protection, and sacredness of the Treaties, lands and waters and what it means 

to First Nations and for the governments to uphold their fiduciary obligations. The movement quickly spread 

to northern communities, and around the world. Treaty 8 membership devoted their time, energy to organize, 

and participate in the rallies along with their rural and urban counterparts to make the Idle No More Movement 

successful, alive, and on-going to present day. More events are planned for the coming months, bills are still 

forthcoming. 

Consultation 

• In the spring of 2012, an Aboriginal Relations Ministry was created as stand-alone ministry and Robin 

Campbell is named Aboriginal Relations Minister. 

• October 2012, the Alberta Government sent out a draft Consultation discussion paper (1 page) to Alberta 

First Nations to review for 30 days. Consultation was the main focus in meetings with Technicians, 

Chiefs and Aboriginal Relations ministry on November 19th, 2012 and again on February 1st, 2013 

at the Government house, and recently on April 19th, and April 30th, 2013 at Sawridge Hotel South 

Edmonton. 

• Aboriginal Relations minister, Robin Campbell announced Bill 22 to the Provincial Legislative Assembly 

on May 8th, 2013 and stated he has consulted with First Nations. First Nations rejected the bill; however, 

Bill 22 passed the 3rd reading, and received Royal Assent on May 27th, 2013. 

• The First Nations of Alberta and Provincial Treaty Organizations submitted position papers sharing their 

views on First Nations Consultation in September 2010, and December 21st, 2012, and May 17th, 2013. 

• Government of Alberta insists they will continue to work with First Nations in shaping the Policies. To 

date, there has not been any input, active participation, or any consultation with Treaty 8 First Nations of 

Alberta regarding the Consultation process. 

Page 16

1821 

Merger of two major rivals, 

the North West Company 

and the Hudson’s Bay 

Company. 

1830 

“Indian Policy” transferred 

from military to civil 

authorities. 

1857 

Gradual Civilization Act 


Livelihood Water symposium / Conference on water protection 

In October 2012 and May 2013, the Livelihood department 

(in collaboration with Keepers of Athabasca, University 

of Alberta) held 2 water conferences at the University of 

Alberta campus in Edmonton. Topics were on Water and 

Treaty rights. As a result of the water conference, on May 

2nd, the same organizers planned an Idle No More event 

called “Our water is not for sale” on May 24th, 2013 - where 

150 people marched from Canada Place, down Jasper 

Avenue and to the Alberta Legislature. 

Bill S-8 

Bill S-8 is the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act; introduced in the Senate on February 29th, 2012. Bill S-8 

contains a clause in it stating “Government of Canada will incorporate Provincial and Territorial water regulations, 

acts, and laws on the First Nation communities.” Currently, there has been no consultation with First Nations; the 

bill was read in the House of Commons on May 8th, 2013 for Second Reading and Referral to Committee. It is 

anticipated that the Bill will pass 3rd Reading this summer. There may be a Judicial Review, and/or a Class Action 

Lawsuit pending on Bill S-8. 

Responsible Energy Development Act 

Responsible Energy Development Act (REDA) is an amalgamation of Energy Resources Conservation Board, 

Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, and Energy as one regulator. Policy Management 

Office will also be responsible for the public engagement component and the risk and performance management 

components of REDA. REDA is expected to be fully operational by the end of fall 2013. Government of Alberta 

(ESRD) states they have completed stakeholder sessions with First Nations in spring 2013. To date, there has 

been no consultation and no participation from First Nations in this process, as info sessions are not consultation. 

PLAR (Public Lands Administration Regulation) 

Enacted August 25, 2011; the Regulation in effect on September 12, 2011: 

The Judicial Review was filed on Friday, January 20th, 2012. 

The Judicial Review hearing is slated for June 17-21, 2013. Janes Freedman Kyle and MacPherson Leslie 

& Tyerman Law Firms have not issued any media releases about this lawsuit. Further information will be 

forthcoming, pending the litigation in June 2013. 

Boreal Leadership Council 

Caribou- Caribou action planning – methodology & advance integrated caribou conservation. 

Protected areas - Support for development and implementation of protected areas framework that delivers: 

assessment, identification, and implementation of protected areas. 

Water and wetlands - work to advance provincial wetland policy, including helping advance integrated caribou 

conservation efforts and improve transboundary ecosystem-based water management. 

Other - Advancing a sound framework for conservation and environmental management in areas affected by oil 

and gas development 

Page 17

1867 

The British North American 

Act 

1870 

Hudson Bay Company sold 

(?) of Rupert’s Land and 

North-Western Territory to 

the Government of Canada. 

1872 

Canadian Indian Residential 

Schools (the bible and the 

plough) 


University of Alberta 

In 2012, Treaty 8 Livelihood department, Education Policy Studies of University of Alberta, and Keepers of 

Athabasca agreed to do collaborative work. On October 11 - 12, 2012 a water symposium was held at Lister 

Centre, University of Alberta campus. Another water conference took place on May 2nd, 2013 at the Edmonton 

Health Clinic, University of Alberta campus. 

CBFA 

Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement - The CBFA is collaboration between 21 major Canadian Forest product 

companies and 9 leading environmental organizations. It applies to more than 72 million hectares of boreal forest 

from Newfoundland to British Columbia coast. The CBFA is a 3-year agreement, with provisions for extension 

(started in 2010) under which forestry signatories “commit to the highest environmental standards of forestry 

management and conservation” and environmental organizations commit to Global recognition and support for 

Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) member efforts. The participating companies and environmental 

organizations believe that forest conservation and business competitiveness requires fair, inclusive involvement 

of First Nations governments within the CBFA process. A group has been formed to work on issues related 

to the Alberta/BC landscape. This group, called the Alberta/BC Regional Working Group (RWG) is focusing 

on Northeastern Alberta as an initial priority area for Caribou Action Planning. Treaty 8 has met with CBFA 

technicians for information gathering and dispensing. As stated before, Consultation on forestry related issues 

would rest with First Nations. 

Jasper Park 

Healing and Reconciliation: The Jasper Aboriginal Forum 

In 1907, when Jasper National Park was established, 

there were several hundred indigenous people living in 

the park. Park legislation and management, based on 

European ideas of Conservation and Tourism, did not 

consider Indigenous perspectives and traditions, and way 

of life. Early park managers considered many traditional 

activities, like hunting, gathering and burning, at best 

inconsistent with National Park goals and, at worst, 

unlawful. 

First Nations and Metis people who considered the area 

part of their territory included: Cree, Stoney, Shuswap, 

Iroquois, Ojibwa, and other First Nations and metis were 

forcibly removed from the park. Parks Canada is now 

attempting to mend broken relationships with First Nations and Metis. For instance, Parks Canada’s approach 

to protected areas management is to include the First Nations people whose Traditional Territories are involved 

within the Jasper National park. Parks Canada is planning to construct a First Nations and Metis site in the town 

of Jasper that will have a symbolic meaning in the form of a carving, artwork or monument that communicates 

First Nations and Metis presence in the park. Furthermore, Parks Canada is to set aside an area where First 

Nations and Metis are able to continue ceremonial practices, and traditional dances as before. 

Page 18

1874 

North West Mounted Police 

1876 

* Indian Act 

* Defining Indian 

* Developing Reserves 

* Attacking historic status of 

women 

1877 

Stony Mountain 

Penitentiary 


Chiefs Livelihood Committee and Consultation Technical Team 

Chief of Livelihood .......................................Chief Leon Chalifoux, Swan River First Nation 

Deputy Chief of Livelihood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chief James Ahnassay, Dene Tha’ First Nation 

Chiefs Livelihood Committee ................................Chief Arthur Noskey, Loon River Cree Nation 

Chiefs Livelihood Committee .............................Chief Richard Kappo, Sturgeon Lake First Nation 

Chiefs Livelihood Committee ............................Chief Steve Courtoreille, McKay Cree First Nation 

Consultation Technical Team .............................. Steve Kulmatycki, Western Cree Tribal Council 

Consultation Technical Team ..................................... Jim Webb, North Peace Tribal Council 

Consultation Technical Team ................................... Roy Vermillion, Athabasca Tribal Council 

Consultation Technical Team ...................................... Clayton Auger, Bigstone Cree Nation 

Consultation Technical Team .......................Allen Willier, Lesser Slave Lake Indian Regional Council 

Consultation Technical Team ..................................Al Rollins, Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council 

Director of Livelihood ....................................................Kevin Ahkimnachie, T8FNA 

Land Management & Resource Development Coordinator .............................Dustin Twin, T8FNA 

Researcher & Executive Assistant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freida Cardinal, T8FNA 

Page 19

Education 

Portfolio Chief Rose Laboucan 

Education Commission Members 

Chief Rose Laboucan 

Theresa Tuccaro 

Harry Lawrence 

David Yu 

Ernestine Goodswimmer 

Judy Kim-Meneen 

Rita Marten 

Ray Peters 

Victor Dikaitis 

Cheryl Sheldon 

Education Staff 

Portfolio Chief for Education, Driftpile First Nation 

Elder Representative, Mikisew Cree Nation 

Elder Representative (Alternate), Duncan First Nation 

Director of Education – Little Red River Cree Nation 

Director of Education – Western Cree Tribal Council 

Director of Education – North Peace Tribal Council 

Director of Education – Athabasca Tribal Council 

Director of Education – Bigstone Cree Nation 

Director of Education – Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal 

Council (Interim) 

Director of Education – Lesser Slave Lake Indian 

Regional Council 

Dale Awasis Director of Education 

Eileen Lines Special Education Manager 

Justine Supernault Executive Assistant 

Heather Poluk Registered Psychologist 

Clayton Kootenay MOU Team Lead, Treaty 6, 7 & 8 

First Nations Student Success Program 

(FNSSP) Staff 

kaia Lamothe Manager 

Theresa Brown Quality Control Specialist 

Charlene Martin Administrative Assistant 

April Giroux Student Retention Specialist 

Esther Giroux Literacy/Numeracy Specialist (LSLIRC) 

Christine Jervah Literacy/Numeracy Specialist (Bigstone/Chipewyan 

Prairie) 

Literacy/ 

Numeracy Specialist Western Cree Tribal Council 

Literacy/ 

Numeracy Specialist Kee Tas Kee Now Tribal Council 

Page 20

1880 

* Enfranchisement Act 

* Attacking the educated 

* Development of Indian Affairs 

1881 

Indian Agents 


EDUCATION DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE 

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta Education Commission was initiated in 2004 to establish a strong educational 

system that will provide for life-long learning of First Nations students in the Treaty 8 First Nations communities. 

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta is continuing to establish a strong educational system for First Nations students 

through the New Paths initiatives and other Federal Programs. To carry out the directives of the Commission the 

Office of the Director of Education was established. 

This past year was very busy and many of the planned activities were successfully carried out as this report will 

reflect. The main emphasis of the Education Commission and my office is to address the ever increasing need 

for the establishment of an education authority for our Treaty 8 schools and communities. This is more apparent 

now especially with the Federal Government’s intent to establish a national First Nations Education Act by 2014 

and the Alberta MOU recently released draft of the Long Term Strategic Plan, both of which have identified 

the establishment of “Education Authorities”. In response to this, specific activities have been identified which 

include policy development for “school authority”; policy development for education specific programs; and the 

development and implementation of comprehensive communication strategies. 

I would like to thank everyone who contributed their time; wisdom and expertise in making everything happen. 

Great strides were made towards the development of a Comprehensive Education System in Treaty 8 territory for 

the Treaty 8 First Nations. The momentum that was created over the past fiscal year is being carried over into the 

new fiscal year and we all look forward to another rewarding and successful year. 

NEW PATHS: 

Some initiatives this Office will be working on this fiscal year. 

1. In the last fiscal year student transportation was identified as an activity to set up a committee that would 

consist of identified representatives from the Treaty 8 communities as represented by the Tribal Councils, 

Independent First Nations, and AANDC. The mandate of the committee was to identify the concerns and 

issues on student transportation as they exist in Treaty 8 territory and to develop recommendations to 

address the issues and concerns. The Student Transportation Committee members had 4 meetings that 

were held in Edmonton. A contract “Writer/Researcher” was hired to work with the Committee. Based on 

a recommendation by the Committee Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta will hire a qualified Cost Accountant 

to do a comprehensive, on and off reserve, cost analysis on student transportation of the 24 First Nations 

communities in the Treaty 8 territory of Alberta. The intent of this analysis is to identify the “true” cost 

of transporting students in the Treaty territory. This information will be given back to the individual First 

Nations to use and to address the existing concerns and issues evident in Student Transportation. 

2. The Commission and the Education Office are involved in many education initiatives on regional, 

provincial and national levels. As the Chiefs are the identified leaders of their respective First Nations it 

is important to keep them abreast on all aspects of the education unit and its development. It has been a 

challenge to keep every Chief and their Councils informed to an extent each is making informed decisions 

in the area of Education. The Education Unit of Treaty 8 is planning to host another Assembly of Treaty 8 

Chief to provide updates, reports and get directives on on-going initiatives and activities sometime during 

this fiscal. Members of the First Nation communities are encouraged to participate. 

3. To begin getting the involvement of the youth a Youth Advisory Council for Education will be established. 

A callout will be made in the near future through the Commission members to identify the youth 

representatives to sit on this Advisory Council. 

4. There will be continued support from Treaty 8 for the communities who take the challenge of hosting the 

Traditional Native Games and the Traditional Science Celebration. Congratulations to the communities 

for having wonderful and successful events. 

Page 21

1884 

* Suppressing Indian 

disorder (3 of more 

Indians gathered is 

inciting to riot) 

* Restrict movement from 

Reserve 

* Compulsory attendance 

to residential schools 

1885 

* Louis Riel hanged – 

plus eight warriors 

* Pass and Permit 

System 


5. Last year the Education Unit held its first Education Symposium for the membered Nation schools and 

communities. This event was very successful so another one will be held again this year in March of 

2014. This event will be co-sponsored by Treaty 8 and Little Red Cree Nation with a focus on how to use 

technology effectively in the classroom. 

EDUCATION SPECIAL PROJECTS 

2nd Annual Traditional Science Celebration 

The 2nd Annual Traditional Science Celebration was held at the Oski Pasikonewew Kamik School at Bigstone 

Cree Nation on April 25, 2013. The 3rd Annual Traditional Science Celebration will be held at the Chipewyan 

Prairie school in the 2013 - 2014 school year but no dates have yet been set. 

3rd Annual Treaty 8 Traditional Native Games 

The 3rd Annual Treaty 8 Traditional Native Games were held at the Dene Tha’ Community School, Chateh, 

Alberta on September 25 – 27, 2012. There were about 300 – 400 students, staff and community people from the 

Chateh community and other communities who attended the 3 day event. The event started with a Fire Offering 

ceremony with Elders and drummers followed by a tea dance. A welcome feast was prepared for everyone in 

attendance. Community officials were also present to welcome the guests and open the games formally. The 

traditional games had full day activities consisting of: The Assumption Run with runners and walkers for 3 kms., 5 

kms. and 8 kms.; run and scream; hop and peg; moccasin race; bear race; castor beaver double ball; Dene and 

Inuit games-finger pull; stick pull and high kick. Everyone in attendance enjoyed the games and all left with bags 

of goodies and gifts. The 4th Annual Treaty 8 Traditional Native Games will be held in Tallcree sometime in the 

2013 – 2014 fiscal year. 

FIRST NATIONS AND INUIT YOUTH EMPLOYMENT STRATEGY (FNIYES) 

Within this strategy there are four youth programs: Mentored and ICT Youth Work Experience, Career Promotion 

and Awareness, Science and Technology, and Student Summer Employment Opportunities. FNIYES supports 

First Nations and Inuit youth, between the ages of 15 and 30, who are ordinarily on reserve or in recognized 

communities. The objectives of the FNIYES are to: support development and enhancement of essential 

employability skills, expose young people to a variety of career options, promote the benefits of education as key 

to labour market participation, help provide co-operative education, work and stud opportunities. 

The four programs are: 

Science and Technology Program. The Science and Technology Program provides First Nations and Inuit 

youth with first-hand experience in various science and technology disciplines, and may include the enhancement 

of traditional knowledge. The program highlights education as the key to obtaining employment in these. 

Career Promotion and Awareness Program. This program provides participants with access to life and work 

skills development, career fairs and leadership projects. The program highlights education as the key to attaining 

meaningful and sustainable employment. 

Student Summer Employment Opportunities Program. This program offers summer work experience for First 

Nations and Inuit secondary and post-secondary students to enable them to acquire skills, gain experience and 

earn wages to help meet their ongoing educational costs. 

Eligible participants are First Nations and Inuit secondary and post-secondary students aged 15 to 30 who are 

ordinarily on-reserve or in recognized communities. Participants must have been registered as full-time students 

during the preceding academic year and intend to return to school on a full-time basis in the next academic year. 

Page 22

1889 

Attacking Tribal System 

1894 

* Banning “Give-away” 

Potlatch 

* Prohibition of Sun Dance 

1912 

Power to override Treaties 

June 21, 1899 Treaty No.8 signed 


Youth Work Experience Program. This program provides life and work skill development, mentoring, work 

experience, career planning and counseling activities (including a needs assessment). In addition, the program 

provides an opportunity for participants to explore a variety of career opportunities. 

Proposal and Reporting Updates: 

All First Nations are expected to submit their proposals and reports on the proposal and reporting forms which 

are available on the AANDC website. All proposal and reports must be completed on the appropriate DCI (Data 

Collection Instrument) form and submitted electronically to Treaty 8. Treaty 8 will roll up all the reports and 

submit them to AANDC through the Education Information Systems. The youth evaluations for the Summer Work 

Experience will be due September 15, 2013 while the final FNIEYS report is due March 31, 2014. 

This program is administered by Caroline Adam through contract services to the Treaty 8 office. All proposals and 

reports are now submitted electronically, it has been a learning curve for the administrator and for some of the 

communities. Caroline thanks you for your patience and looks forward to working with you. 

FIRST NATIONS STUDENT SUCCESS PROGRAM (FNSSP) 

WHAT 

The First Nations Student Success Program (FNSSP) is an AANDC funded program designed to provide second 

level support in literacy, numeracy, and student retention in First Nations operated schools. 

WHY 

The goals of FNSSP are to develop a common approach to second level educational services to participating 

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta schools. This entails common testing, database development, and strategies to 

assist schools in the areas of literacy, numeracy, and student retention in order increase graduation rates among 

students in the Treaty 8 Territory. 

WHO 

The overall approach is to establish a Team. The Team comprises a Manager, Administrative Assistant, Literacy/ 

Numeracy, Student Retention, Quality Control, and Information Technology/Communications specialists, along 

with other contracted service providers (e.g.: Psychologist or Speech Therapist). Our specialists will administer 

required assessments and provide referrals and recommendations as required. Within the pilot phase of 

the project the primary goals will be established through consultation with the students, parents, teachers, 

administrators, and governing bodies within each First Nation schools. 

HOW 

Our primary goal is to develop support mechanisms for a First Nation Comprehensive Contemporary Education 

System for Treaty 8 by establishing second level services (numeracy, literacy and student retention) to support 10 

participating First Nations schools that are within the Treaty 8 area and mandate. 

The FNSSP team has been working towards gathering information in regards to student academic performance 

and attendance in order to establish a picture based upon data. Through a principal’s forum, participating Treaty 

8 First Nations of Alberta FNSSP schools will develop School Success plans to address the areas of literacy, 

numeracy, and student retention. 

The primary function of the specialists is to provide expert advice, support and training to help the teachers and 

administrators learn how to use identified techniques, tools and resources to improve literacy, numeracy, school 

retention, and school-student success plans. Each member of the FNSSP Team will be responsible to identify 

and implement the appropriate techniques, tools, and resources specific to their area of expertise to each of the 

participating First Nations. 

Page 23

1914 

* War Measures Power of 

Crown 

* All dances and 

ceremonies outlawed 

1921 

Enfranchisement attacking 

the educated and war 

veterans 

1922 

Ban on wearing traditional 

clothing appearing “Indian” 

in public events 


We believe that success in school depends on building relationships among the people that influence the 

development and success of the students. Specifically for education, they include the federal and provincial 

systems, as well as the First Nation communities that comprise parents, community members, school staff, 

administrative support staff and students. 

WHERE 

Each of our Specialists are assigned specific schools they work with. There is a Literacy/Numeracy Specialist 

position in each of the following areas: 

• Western Cree (Sturgeon Lake and Horse Lake) 

• KTC (Atikameg, Cadotte Lake, Loon River) 

• L.S.L.I.R.C. (Driftpile, Swan River) 

• Bigstone Cree Nation/Chipewyan Prairie 

You will see them on a regular basis and they will be available to answer any questions you may have about the 

process or outcomes. 

WHEN 

Their work will be ongoing throughout the school year. 

EARLY LITERACY 

The Early Literacy Initiative compliments the activities in the School Success component of the project with the 

focus on Kindergarten to Grade 3. In the 2012-2013 year, a Writing Workshop was held for Kindergarten to Grade 

3 teachers to provide knowledge in writing and leveled assessment. This workshop included 40 participants from 

participating schools. For the 2013-2014 year, an Early Literacy/ Student Retention Specialist will work with 

the participating First Nations schools and their respective students in Treaty 8 Territory providing expert advice 

and in-school support to teachers and administrators on strategies to improve early literacy. The specialist will 

work with the Literacy/Numeracy Specialists providing support with Culture and Language and explore an Early 

Literacy First Nations Cree Language component in the Treaty 8 territory to develop resources for communities. 

TRADITIONAL PARENTING 

The focus of the Traditional Parenting workshop is on the presentation of Traditional Family Parenting skills with 

the incorporation of Cree language and culture into the presentations. 

The workshops were facilitated by Janet Fox from Onion Lake, Saskatchewan using PowerPoint, demonstrations, 

handouts and group discussion. 

During the workshop the parents learned the importance of the Tipi Teaching virtues. They are as follows: 

Obedience, Respect, Humility, Happiness, Love, Faith, Kinship, Cleanliness, Thankfulness, Sharing, Strength, 

Good Child Rearing, Hope, Ultimate Protection, and Control Flaps from the Wind. These virtues are the teachings 

that the Elders from the different tribal council areas are saying our parents and youth are missing. Therefore, 

they must be brought back into our communities. From teaching these in the participating Treaty 8 First Nations 

of Alberta FNSSP communities, parents and students gained additional positive self-esteem, pride and selfconfidence. 

Page 24

1927 

Attacks on lawyers 

defending Indians 

1930 

Transfer of Natural 

Resources to Provincial 

government 

1939 

World War II 


ADMINISTRATOR’S WORKSHOPS 

As a new initiative to help bring the Principals together to share ideas and begin a network in Treaty 8 territory, we have 

hosted 3 Administrator Workshops. One of the main focus points of these workshops has been working toward a school 

success plan for each school. We have been fortunate to secure the services of a very effective facilitator: Professor 

Carmen Mombourquette of the University of Lethbridge. So far, the feedback from the Principals has been positive. 

They have stated that being able to network with other Treaty 8 Principals has been helpful. 

RESOURCES 

The following list represents gifts FNSSP has made to each of the participating schools in an effort to enhance 

classroom and library materials. 

Power School 

David Bouchard Books 

Dossier EMS 

Raven Tales Library Pack 4-6 

CAT4 Efiles for Level 10 Writing 










CAT4 Misc. Material 

CAT4 Test Kits 

Eagle Crest Books Grade 1 



Scholastic Kindergarten 

Complete Pack 

Scholastic Grade 1 Complete Pack 



Turtle Island Class Set Grade 1 



IPADS 

Strong Nations Library Books 

Laptop 

Smartboard 

IPAD Carts 

Math Manipulatives 

iPad Applications 

Math License 

Page 25

1951 

The revised act: 

* Gives Indian women the right to 

vote in Band Elections 

* Ends prohibitions against Indian 

ceremonies and dances 

* Allows Indians to pursue land 

claims in courts 

1960’s 

60’s Scoop ended in the 

mid-80’s 


SPECIAL EDUCATION 

This has been a very busy and interesting year for Special Education. In December 2011, AANDC offered 

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta funding to hire a Registered Psychologist. Heather Poluk was hired and began 

her work at Treaty 8 in April 2012. A questionnaire sent to all Treaty 8 schools indicated approximately 144 

Educational Assessments were outstanding. Thus began our planning and our visits to the schools. We spent 

a very busy year visiting 12 Treaty 8 schools and working with some wonderful teachers, parents and students. 

We are still finding challenges but also finding ways to work through them. We had the opportunity to work with 

some students and teachers who were very determined to find the appropriate program for students. 2012 - 2013 

School Year 

2012 - 2013 School Year 

To date, thirteen (13) schools have been visited by the Heather and Eileen. During these visits, pre and post 

parental meetings, Educational Psychological assessments, teacher interviews, classroom observations and file 

reviews have been conducted. To date, 38 Psycho-educational assessments and 14 achievement assessments 

have been administered by Heather Poluk. 

Treaty 8 schools visited 2012 – 2013 

Other Services provided at schools upon request: 

a. Behavior support plans (individual and school wide) 

b. Providing counseling to school staff and students 

c. Assisting in finding additional services in the community 

d. Provide support and insight regarding health / medical needs of students (medical supplies for students 

with exceptional needs) 

e. Assisting community members who are seeking advice regarding issues beyond school (parents unhappy 

with decisions made) 

f. Providing support to teachers during parent teacher interviews 

Page 26

1960 

Indians win the right to vote 

in Federal elections and still 

maintain Indian status 

1969 

The White Paper 

1971 

Indian Affairs decides to 

close Indian Residential 

School 

* Washbung: Our 

Tomorrows 


16 Treaty 8 Schools – Special Education Documentation – October 2012 

Total School Population (October 2012) – 2, 246 

Severe 

Disabili,es 

172 

Mild Moderate 

Disabili,es 

422 

Extra Ordinary 

Profound 

Disabili,es 

Severe Codes 

Mild Moderate Codes 

41 –Cognitive – 5 51/52 – Cognitive - 187 

42 –Behaviour – 101 53 – Behaviour - 42 

43 –Multiple – 7 59 – Multiple - 36 

44 –Physical / Medical – 23 58 – Physical/Medical - 1 

45 –Hearing – 2 55 – Hearing - 3 

46 –Vision – 0 56 – Vision - 3 

47 – Communication (K4-K5 to Age 8 only – 34 57 – Communications - 85 

54 – Learning Disability - 41 

Extra Ordinary Profound – 11 80 – Gifted – 0 

99 – Other - 24 

Page 27

1982 

Section 35 inserted into the 

Constitution Act affirming the 

existence of Aboriginal and 

Treaty Rights 

1985 

Bill C-31 

1990 

Indian Summer 

Feb. 11, 1993 MOU between Alberta & Grand Council of T8FN signed 


MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING 

“Let us put our minds together and see what life we can make for our children.” Chief Sitting Bull 

MOU Team 

Clayton Kootenay has been working as the MOU Team Lead for Treaty No. 6, 7 & 8 since April 1, 2012. This 

position has been housed out of the Treaty 8 First Nation of Alberta sub-office since the inception of the MOU for 

First Nations Education. 

With the increased workload there was a need to create two new positions to assist in the work on the MOU, the 

MOU Support Worker(s) position. Brooks Arcand-Paul was housed out of the Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta 

sub-office and Rob Houle was housed out of the Confederacy of Treaty No. 6 office both came on-line in the 

spring of 2012. Their main role was to assist the MOU Team Lead and the Treaty No. 6, 7 & 8 Education Directors 

on the MOU. 

Clayton Kootenay Brooks Arcand-Paul Rob Houle 

Progress to Date 

The MOU continues to move forward through the Working Group, which represents all parties to the MOU which 

include the Confederacy of Treaty No. 6 First Nations, Treaty 7 Management Corporation, Treaty 8 First Nations 

of Alberta, the Government of Alberta and Government of Canada. This group carries out the bulk of the technical 

work surrounding the MOU, and is largely complimented through suggestions made from First Nations people. 

The Working Group is working tirelessly at providing a structure that will enable First Nations education in Alberta 

to address the unique needs of First Nations students in all schools in the province. It will be finalized through the 

Long-Term Strategic Plan and will be enabled by elected officials through the First Nations Education Circle. This 

process has not been without its problems however, they have been overcome to provide a better opportunity 

for the future of our First Nations children in Alberta. A key component of the MOU is also improving relations 

between First Nations and Non-First Nations through education. 

Page 28

Health 

The Health Department continues to serve as a connection with the First Nations largely through the Health 

Commission. The commission continues to meet to discuss, share and address First Nations health issues and 

concerns. The Health Commission consists of: 

• Chief of Health: Chief Allan Adam, ATC 

• Deputy Chief of Health: Chief Romeo Cardinal, BCN 

• Tribal Council and Independent Nation Health Directors: 

• ATC: Patrick Mercredi 

• BCN: Barry Phillips 

• KTC: Kirsten Dupres 

• LSLIRC: Marcella Schnurr 

• NPTC: Lisa Clarke 

• WCTC: Liette Snache 

• Smith’s Landing: vacant 

• Tribal Council and Independent Nation Elder Advisors: 

• ATC: vacant 

• BCN: Elder Mike Beaver 

• KTC: Elder Joe Whitehead Sr. 

• LSLIRC: Elder Doris Courtoreille 

• NPTC: the late Elder Gabe Meneen 

• WCTC: Elder Ruth Meneen 

• Smith’s Landing: vacant 

In Memory of Elder Gabe Meneen 

Member of the Treaty 8 Health Commission 

The Health Commission members continue to bring community perspective/issues and knowledge regarding 

health needs and concerns of their member First Nations. We are thankful for their continued support, guidance 

and determination in working toward improving the health outcomes of their communities. 

Some of the highlights of the past year include: 

• Continued planning and work on building a Treaty 8 Comprehensive Health System 

• Direct assistance with the Treaty 8 communities on health related issues 

• Bringing together the Elders and Youth 

• Health Commission Meetings 

• CIET Partnership 

• Training provided to over 100+ health care professionals in Alberta through AHHRI 

• Prescription Drug Abuse awareness building program 

• Communication plan building 

• Participation at the Treaty Discussions Table 

• Participation at the Children’s Agenda JRFT Table 

• Attendance at National Health Committees 

Page 29

1996 

June 21, 1996 

* RCAP 

First Annual National Aboriginal Day 

* Last Indian Residential 

Oct 15, 1998 Declaration of Intent 

School closed signed by Minister Jane Stewart & Grand Chief Eddie Tallman 

May 2, 2000 Signing of the Smith’s Landing TLE 

April 27, 2004 Agreement between the Assembly of Chiefs of Treaty 6, 7 & 8 signed 


Aboriginal Health Human Resources Initiative (AHHRI) 

In the last year a number of training opportunities were available to Treaty 8 members including: Medical 

Receptionist, Early Childhood Development, Health Care Aid, Modern Management, Diabetes Educator, Health 

Promoter Citation and English upgrading. These courses were free of charge for health staff working in First 

Nation health centers. It is estimated that over 100+ people have completed training through the AHHRI initiative. 

Treaty 8 participated in the University of Alberta’s Health Horizon Days; the goal is to expose First Nations 

youth to the University of Alberta, and to the diverse health professions on campus. Programs explored include 

Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory Sciences. In 2012, students from Dene Tha’, Sturgeon Lake 

and Peerless and Trout First Nations attended the Health Horizon Days. 

Health Careers 

The Treaty 8 Health Careers Program is dedicated to increasing Treaty 8 membership awareness of the many 

challenging and rewarding careers in the field of health care. It is the intent of our program to identify, cultivate, 

and support these potential health care workers from our communities, so they may access or pursue education 

and training and come back to deliver health care services to our members. 

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta was a partner in the Aboriginal Health Careers Media Campaign, a partnership 

with Treaty 6/7, Métis Settlements General Council, Careers Next Generation, Alberta Human Services, 

Government of Canada, Alberta Health Services, and Health Canada. The goal of the campaign is to increase 

the number of people entering into health careers. A series of 12 posters and 4 video clips were created. The 

posters will be mailed to all of the schools and health centres in Alberta. The videos are on YouTube and can be 

found by searching “Health Professionals Making a Difference”. 

Promoting health careers in the First Nation schools was a priority in the last year. Sciences and Math are 

required to enter into a health career and these subject areas were highlighted in the presentations made to the 

schools. Treaty 8 Health Careers will also put up an educational booth at career fairs, if requested. 

Each year the “Francis Meneen Health Warrior” and ”Francis Willier Health Warrior” Memorial Scholarships 

are awarded to Treaty 8 members that are perusing health careers. This year the scholarships were awarded to 

Jarett Wanihadie (Francis Meneen, University Level) and Fredelle Auger (Francis Willier, College/Technical Level). 

Page 30

2007 

* 800+ Land Claims 

* Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous 

Peoples - The Canadian Government voted 

against it 

2008 

Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s historic 

apology for the Indian residential school 

system - June 11, 2008 

Sept 13, 2007 UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous People 


Health Co-Management Liaison 

The Alberta First Nations/FNIHB Regional Health Co-Management Committee was structured to jointly access, 

analyze, plan, and manage the administration of the Alberta Region Envelope. A formal agreement to co-manage 

the regional envelope was signed on November 18, 1996 by Alberta Chiefs and the Minister of Health. 

The essence of co-management in health services is based upon a viable partnership between First Nation 

community representatives and the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB). The goal of this partnership 

is to develop strategies leading to community health programs of direct client benefit. At times, these strategies 

have focused on building infrastructure, while at other times; the focus has been on the development of health 

programs. 

Co-Management Priorities 2010 - 2015 

1. Increase collaboration between partners 

2. Positively change health outcomes 

3. Improve collection, access and use of health data 

4. Achieve strategic outcomes; 

a. Improved Immunization rates 

b. Reduced rates of teenage pregnancies 

c. Increased age of initiation to alcohol 

d. Accredited Health Director training 

e. Prevention of Child Abuse 

f. Reduced incidence of gang-related activities and incidence of family violence 

5. Recommitment to Co-Management principles 

The following Co-Management subcommittees have two representatives from each Treaty area and two FNIHB 

members. Each subcommittee shares decision making responsibility over specific programs: 

Non-Insured Health Benefits: Dental, Drugs/Medical Equipment, Transportation, and Vision & IRS 

Working Groups: Communications Strategy and Denial Tracking 

Child and Youth: Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve, Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program, Fetal Alcoholism 

Spectrum Disorder, Children’s Oral Health Initiative and Maternal Child Health 

Working group: Jordan’s Principle 

Mental Health & Addictions: Brighter Futures, Building Healthy Communities, National Native Alcohol and Drug 

Abuse Program (NNADAP), Suicide Prevention, Youth Solvent Abuse Program, National anti-drug Strategy & 

Canada Drug Strategy 

Working Groups: Drug Abuse Prevention Program (DUPP) 

Prevention: Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative, Chronic Diseases, Home & Community Care, Nursing, Community 

Health Representatives, Injury Prevention, Food Security Strategy 

Working Group: Injury Prevention, Food Security Strategy, Community Health Representative 

Health Protection: Communicable Disease Control, Blood Borne Pathogens and Sexually Transmitted 

Infections, Tuberculosis (TB) Control, Environmental Health 

Working Group: Health, Opportunity, Prevention & Education (HOPE) 

Page 31

2010 

Jan 19, 2008 

Truth and Reconciliation Commission 

MOU between Gwich’in Tribal Council 

& Treaty 8 FN signed 

May 22, 2008 Protocol Agreement on GOV Relations signed 

Feb 24, 2010 First Nations of Alberta Education MOU – signed 2010 


Governance & Capital: Development and implementation of the Health Services Integration Fund (HSIF) 

Aboriginal Health Human Resources Initiative (AHHRI), Infrastructure to support Co-Management priorities 

Working Groups: Health Services Integration Funds (HSIF) Projects, Aboriginal Health Human Resources 

Initiative (AHHRI), Alberta First Nations Information Governance Centre (AFNIGC) 

Finance: Provide strategic financial information and direction for the efficient and effective delivery of health 

programs and services 

Representing the Committees / Subcommittees are: 

Co-Management: 

Chief Allan Adam, Chief Romeo Cardinal 

Governance & Capital (G&C): Kirsten Dupres, Health Director, KTC 

Barry Phillips, CEO, BCN Health Commission 

Co-Chairs (T8): 

Finance: 

Michelle Voyageur, NIHB 

Marilyn Willier, MHA 

Marcella Schnurr, Finance 

Marcella Schnurr, Health Director, LSLIRC 

Liette Snache, Health Director, Western Cree Tribal Council 

Non Insured Health Benefits (NIHB): Michelle Voyageur, Non Insured Policy Analyst, T8 

Barry Phillips, CEO, BCN Health Commission 

Child and Youth (C&Y): 

Mental Health & Addictions (MHA): 

Prevention: 

Health Protection (HP): 

Ann Nipshank, Director of Children’s Agenda, T8FNA 

Bernadette Sawan, Manager, Early Learning & Childcare Centre, 

Bigstone Cree Nation 

Marilyn Willier, T8 Member, Sucker Creek First Nation 

Marcella Schnurr, Health Director, LSLIRC 

Liette Snache, Health Director, Western Cree Tribal Council 

Wendy Ward, Health Director, Tallcree First Nation 

Patrick Mercredi, Health Director, ATC 

Gloria Fraser, Health Director, Bigstone Cree Nation 

Nora Alook is the Treaty 8 Co-Management Liaison. 

The Health department of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta wishes to acknowledge and say thank you to all the 

representatives who volunteered their time away from their extremely busy schedules to represent Treaty 8 

communities at the Subcommittee tables. 

Page 32

May 19, 2010 

2012 

Peerless Trout TLE signed 

Historical crown first nations gathering 

May 19, 2010 

Signing of the Treaty to establish 

Peerless Trout as First Nation 

Jan 26, 2012 MOA w Apega & T8FN signed 


The future ...? 

Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) Policy Analyst 

The NIHB Policy Analyst is an advocacy position used to improve and maintain the level of service of the NIHB 

program affecting the members of Treaty 8. The role of the NIHB Policy Analyst is to actively review proposed 

policy changes. As well, the NIHB Policy Analyst maintains a seat on the Co-Management NIHB sub-committee 

ensuring that Treaty 8 has a voice in the discussions that occur regionally. 

The policy analyst continues to represent Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta at the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) 

NIHB caucus. It is through this caucus that regions are influencing NIHB policies and programs at the national 

level. 

Michelle Voyageur is the current NIHB Policy Analyst and began working with the Health department in July 2010. 

She is currently the co-chair of the Co-Management NIHB sub-committee. 

Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) NavigaTOR 

The Treaty 8 Navigator position is a liaison and advocacy position to serve Treaty 8 members with NIHB issues, 

education and communications; this position began in November 2011. Posters, brochures and business cards for 

the NIHB Navigator program have been distributed to all the Treaty 8 First Nations and more and more people are 

learning about this service. 

Last year, the NIHB Navigator assisted approximately 260 Treaty 8 members with NIHB program questions, 

appeals, reimbursements and issues. Furthermore, the NIHB Navigator has been networking and educating the 

services providers: pharmacists, dentists, optometrists, etc. to increase the awareness of this position and the 

NIHB program. Also, the NIHB Navigator visited and is networking with various agencies that service First Nations 

in Edmonton. 

Roxanne Tootoosis is the NIHB Navigator for Treaty 8. 

Health Research Assistant 

The Health Research Assistant was a contract position in partnership with CIET Canada, which ended in 

September 2012, and Jarett Wanihadie worked in this role. This position reported to the Treaty 8 First Nations 

of Alberta Health Director and CIET Canada Western Coordinator. In addition to working with other researchers, 

the Health Research Assistant communicated with Health Directors, Community Based Researchers, Health 

Professionals and Health Representatives. 

Page 33

Tansi! Daniteh! E’dlanet’e! Hello! 

Good day to all of our community members of Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta. The Children’s Agenda has 

completed the Children’s Agenda Framework, which is now called the “Children’s Agenda Model”. From March 1, 

2011 – March 31, 2013 Children’s Agenda received funding from Rural Alberta Development Fund. The funding 

was used to develop a Model that would be more effective in applying culturally relevant methods of delivering 

services to children and families. During the last two years we have worked with three Best Practices Sites, 

Sucker Creek First Nations, Loon River First Nations, and Bigstone Cree Nation. It was during this time, that 

we tested the Children’s Agenda Framework, and collected Cultural and Traditional teachings that have been 

integrated into the Children’s Agenda Model. The completion of the Model was a long time coming. Since 2003 

the Elder’s and community members have expressed the need to have programs developed specifically for 

children, youth and families. On many occasions they expressed a lack of parenting programs in the communities, 

and that there was not enough programs for children and youth. 

The Children’s Agenda team listened to our respected Treaty 8 Elder’s, community members and leadership. 

We wanted to assist in the best way that we can to empower our people and to maintain our cultural pride and 

identity. We facilitated this process by developing a Children’s Agenda Model that will address the immediate 

needs and priorities in our communities. The following is the Children’s Agenda Model’s Table of Contents; 

• Children’s Agenda Introduction and History 

• Best Practice Site and Lessons Learned 

• Traditional Parenting and Teachings/Parenting 

handbook 

• Cultural Teaching and Programs 

Page 34 

Children’s Agenda 

Ann Nipshank, Children’s Agenda Director 

• Development of Youth Councils 

• Program Implementation 

• Jurisdictional Friendly Referral Map and Resource 

Manual 

Children’s Agenda Introduction and History - is how the Children’s Agenda began in 2003 with the 

recommendations and suggestions by the community members through the community engagement process. 

There recommendations were used to develop the foundation of the Children’s Agenda Model. 

Best Practice Sites and Lessons Learned - The 9 Best Practice Sites that tested the Children’s 

Agenda Framework through the enhancement of existing programs and or creating new programs. This section 

will identify the challenges, strengths and solutions regarding program implementation. 

Traditional Parenting Practices – will reveal the traditional Ti-pi teachings, Traditional Child-Rearing 

practices, Traditional Family Systems, Four cycles of life, Stages of Growth, Oral Traditions and Cultural 

Teachings. 

Cultural Teachings and Programs – This section will explain the powwow dance and its cultural 

meaning and significance. Cultural programs such as traditional hand games, dance regalia making, and drum 

and powwow dance will be highlighted. 

Development of the Youth Council - This section is dedicated to the youth. It is a step by step guide 

on how to develop youth councils at your First Nation. 

Program implementation – Is a step by step guide on how to develop programs through the 

implementation process. Program implementation is the ability to put your plan into action. 

Jurisdictional Friendly Referral Map and Resource Manual – This map and resource manual 

is to identify the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary services for health service delivery. It is intended to assist 

First Nations families in gaining better access to health services for their medically fragile and or special needs 

children.

The Children’s Agenda Team worked with the following committee’s in the development of the Children’s Agenda 

Model; 

• Children’s Programming Advisory Committee • Treaty 8 Executive Board of Chiefs 

• Delegated First Nations Agencies 

• 9 Best Practice Sites 

• Treaty 8 Elder’s Council and Advisory Committee 

Next Steps 

Each First Nations will be provided with copies of the Children’s Agenda Model. 

The Children’s Agenda Model, pending funding, would allow the team to provide orientation of the Model to the 

First Nations communities. 

At this time, I want to thank all the Committee’s, leadership and community members for their continued support 

of the Children’s Agenda initiative. We look forward to seeing you at your community! 

All my Relations, Ann Nipshank, Children’s Agenda Director 

Page 35

Treaty 8 Rights 

As Understood by the Elders of Treaty No. 8 

1. Schools / Education 

2. Doctors 

3. Hospitals / Medicine 

4. Hunting, Fishing, Trapping and Gathering Rights Retained 

5. Indians Retain Minerals 

6. Sub-Surface Rights Retained 

7. Land Acquired by Queen was only 6” Surface Rights 

8. Exempt from Taxation 

9. Land Purchased from Farming did not include Forests 

10. Rations Provided 

11. Policing 

12. Legal Representation 

13. Exempt from War Participation 

14. No Indian Shall Hang by Rope 

15. Right to Barter 

16. Canvas for Tents 

17. Bullets were Supplied 

18. Cattle / Horse Provided 

19. Farm and Haying Equipment 

20. Gardening Tools / Seed 

21. In case of hunger, all gates shall be opened 

“For as long as the sun shines, and the waters flow ...”

Treaty 8 Nations of Alberta

Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta 

18178 - 102 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5S 1S7 

T: 780-444-9366 F: 780-484-1465 

www.treaty8.ca 

Credit given to all Treaty 8 First Nations of Alberta staff 

for their contribution & dedication

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