Petroleum Geology of the Tyler Formation - North Dakota Petroleum ...
Petroleum Geology of the Tyler Formation - North Dakota Petroleum ...
Petroleum Geology of the Tyler Formation - North Dakota Petroleum ...
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<strong>Petroleum</strong> <strong>Geology</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong><br />
(Pennsylvanian), <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong><br />
T.O. Nesheim and S.H. Nordeng<br />
#16581<br />
33-053-02794-00-00<br />
Whiting Oil and Gas Corp.<br />
Curl 23-14
NDGS <strong>Tyler</strong> Publications within <strong>the</strong> Past Two Years:<br />
GI-127, GI-132, GI-144, GI-146, GI-148, GI-151, RI-111<br />
*Core Workshop at AAPG-RMS 2011
Spearfish <strong>Formation</strong><br />
Amsden <strong>Formation</strong><br />
<strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong><br />
Otter <strong>Formation</strong><br />
Madison Group<br />
Bakken-Three Forks fms.
Approximate Current<br />
Extent <strong>of</strong> Bakken-Three<br />
Forks Development Area
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
Williston Basin Source Rocks (Dow, 1974)<br />
Publication:<br />
Dow, W.G., 1974, Application <strong>of</strong> Oil –Correlation and Source-Rock Data to<br />
Exploration in Williston Basin: AAPG Bulletin, v. 58, no. 7, p. 1253-1262.
Amerada Petroluem Corporation<br />
Herman May U. #1 (NDIC: 291)<br />
Spud Date: 4/6/1953<br />
-First well drilled in Billings County<br />
-Produced from <strong>the</strong> Madison<br />
-Oil show in sandstone at 8,200-8,225 ft.
Amerada Petroluem Corporation<br />
Dan Cheadle Unit #1 (NDIC: 518)<br />
Spud Date: 12/30/1953<br />
-Produced from <strong>the</strong> “Heath” (<strong>Tyler</strong>) Pool<br />
-IP: 117 BBLS Oil & 3 BBLS Water<br />
-Cum Prod: 74,691 BBLS Oil & 13,156 BBLS Water
Dickinson-Fryburg Trend<br />
Cumulative <strong>Tyler</strong> Production<br />
285 wells → >84 million bbls. Oil = >294,000 bbls. oil per well
Example <strong>of</strong> a Productive <strong>Tyler</strong> Well<br />
Core<br />
Karsky-State #1<br />
Spud Date: 6/22/1967<br />
Field: Dickinson<br />
Cum. Oil: 1,711,142 BBLS<br />
Cum Gas: 61,485 MCF<br />
Cum. Water: 768,761 BBLS<br />
WBPC 2012 – Core Workshop
Production History <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong><br />
2011 NDGS Geo Newsletter Vol. 38 No. 1
Area <strong>of</strong> next slide<br />
2011 NDGS Geo Newsletter Vol. 39 No. 1
Paleogeography Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong> (J.H. Barwis, 1990)<br />
Dickinson-Fryburg Trend<br />
A<br />
A’
Lith<strong>of</strong>acies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong><br />
Publication: RI-111
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
Free Oil/S1 + Reactive Kerogen/S2 (mg HC / g Sample)<br />
Previously Collected TOC and RockEval Core Data<br />
A Few Samples:<br />
“Excellent” quality source<br />
rocks w/ 6-12 wt. % TOC<br />
Most Samples:<br />
“Good” quality source<br />
rocks w/ 1-4. wt. % TOC<br />
Government Taylor A-1 (NDIC # 4627, SE¼<br />
SE¼, Sec. 9, T139N, R103W)<br />
Publication: GI-127<br />
State <strong>of</strong> <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> #41-36 (NDIC #:<br />
4789, NE¼ NE¼, Sec. 36, T137N, R100W)
Recently Collected TOC<br />
and RockEval Data<br />
30.2 wt. % TOC<br />
32.8 wt. % TOC<br />
Publication: GI-132
Total Organic Carbon Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> Fm.<br />
Publication: GI-148<br />
TOC Map Notes:<br />
-Over 650 drill cuttins samples were analyzed<br />
for 54 wells for TOC wt. %.<br />
-Sampled drill cuttings, which were typically<br />
collected in 10 ft. intervals & sometimes 30 ft.<br />
-Samples were analyzed at Wea<strong>the</strong>rford Labs<br />
using <strong>the</strong> LECO TOC method.<br />
-The <strong>Tyler</strong> TOC map (left) depicts <strong>the</strong> average<br />
TOC wt. % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire <strong>Tyler</strong> section.
Publication: RI-111
Total Organic Carbon Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> Fm.<br />
Publication: GI-148<br />
TOC Map Notes:<br />
-Sampled drill cuttings, which were typically<br />
collected in 10 ft. intervals & sometimes 30 ft.<br />
-Samples were analyzed at Wea<strong>the</strong>rford Labs<br />
using <strong>the</strong> LECO TOC method.<br />
-The <strong>Tyler</strong> TOC map (left) depicts <strong>the</strong> average<br />
TOC wt. % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire <strong>Tyler</strong> section.<br />
-Over 650 samples were analyzed for 54 wells<br />
with TOC wt. % varying from 0.03% to<br />
22.04%, average <strong>of</strong> 1.36%
#17430<br />
Publication: GI-151<br />
#11484
d<br />
c<br />
b<br />
a<br />
#17430<br />
Publication: GI-151<br />
#11484
<strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong> Source Rock Intervals<br />
d<br />
c<br />
b<br />
a<br />
Publication: GI-151
Total Organic Carbon Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> Fm.<br />
Publication: GI-148<br />
TOC Map Notes:<br />
-Sampled drill cuttings, which were typically<br />
collected in 10 ft. intervals & sometimes 30 ft.<br />
-Samples were analyzed at Wea<strong>the</strong>rford Labs<br />
using <strong>the</strong> LECO TOC method.<br />
-The <strong>Tyler</strong> TOC map (left) depicts <strong>the</strong> average<br />
TOC wt. % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entire <strong>Tyler</strong> section.<br />
-Over 650 samples were analyzed for 54 wells<br />
with TOC wt. % varying from 0.03% to<br />
22.04%, average <strong>of</strong> 1.36%
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
Composite RockEval Data Set<br />
Publication: RI-111
Kerogen Type Based on TOC Content<br />
Organic-rich intervals in <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Tyler</strong> dominantly contain<br />
Type I/Type II Kerogen<br />
(prone to generating oil).<br />
There is a trend in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong><br />
that as organic carbon<br />
content declines <strong>the</strong><br />
hydrogen index also declines<br />
while <strong>the</strong> oxygen index<br />
increases<br />
Publication: RI-111
d<br />
c<br />
b<br />
a<br />
#17430<br />
Publication: GI-151<br />
#11484
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
Thermal Maturation<br />
Publication: GI-148
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
(Meissner, 1978)
Publication: GI-144
Basin Centered <strong>Petroleum</strong> System<br />
(Resource Play)<br />
• 1) Regionally extensive organic-rich source rock<br />
-Kerogen Type (Oil vs. Gas)<br />
• 2) Maturation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> source-rock (oil generation)<br />
• 3) Expulsion <strong>of</strong> generated oil from source rock<br />
• 4) Accumulation <strong>of</strong> expelled oil in adjacent rock<br />
• 5) Extraction <strong>of</strong> oil from <strong>the</strong> reservoir rock
Area <strong>of</strong> significant<br />
Bakken/Three Forks<br />
Production
Conclusions:<br />
1) The <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong> contains organic-rich intervals consisting <strong>of</strong> Type<br />
I/Type II kerogen (excellent quality, oil-prone source rocks).<br />
2) TTI modeling and Tmax data indicate <strong>Tyler</strong> source rocks are <strong>the</strong>rmally<br />
mature and have undergone intense oil generation.<br />
3) Fluid overpressure in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> Fm. fur<strong>the</strong>r indicates <strong>the</strong>rmally maturity<br />
<strong>of</strong> source rocks and that generated <strong>Tyler</strong> oil is still in place (minimal<br />
migration).<br />
4) Two separate petroleum systems exist within <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong>, a<br />
nor<strong>the</strong>rn petroleum system and a sou<strong>the</strong>rn petroleum system.<br />
5) The sou<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Tyler</strong> petroleum system may extend beyond <strong>the</strong> current<br />
Bakken/Three Forks play.
Bakken <strong>Formation</strong><br />
<strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong><br />
“Everyone likes parfaits!”
References<br />
Barwis, J.H., 1990 Flood-Tidal Delta Reservoirs, Medora-Dickinson Trend, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong>, in Barwis, J.H., and o<strong>the</strong>rs, eds., Sandstone <strong>Petroleum</strong> Reservoirs:<br />
New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 389-412.<br />
Dow, W. G., 1974, Application <strong>of</strong> oil-correlation and source-rock data to exploration in Williston Basin, American Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>Petroleum</strong> Geologists Bulletin:<br />
V 58, p 1253-1262.<br />
Meissner, F.F., 1978, <strong>Petroleum</strong> geology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bakken <strong>Formation</strong> Williston Basin, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> and Montana: in D. Rehig, ed., 1978 Williston Basin<br />
Symposium: Montana Geological Society, Billings, Montana, p. 207-227.<br />
Nesheim, T.O., and Nordeng, S.H, 2010, <strong>North</strong> to South Cross-Section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong> (Pennsylvanian) with RockEval Data, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> , Geological<br />
Investigation No. 132, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> Geological Survey.<br />
Nesheim, T.O., and Nordeng, S.H, 2011, Correlation <strong>of</strong> Fluid Overpressure and Hydrocarbon Presence in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong>, Geological Investigation No.<br />
144, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> Geological Survey.<br />
Nesheim, T.O., and Nordeng, S.H, 2012, Source Rock Intervals within <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong>, Geological Investigation No. 151, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> Geological Survey.<br />
Nordeng, S.H. and Nesheim, T.O., 2010, Resource Potential <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong>, Geological Investigation No. 127, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> Geological Survey.<br />
Nordeng, S. H. and Nesheim, T. O., 2011, Determination <strong>of</strong> subsurface temperatures and <strong>the</strong> fraction <strong>of</strong> kerogen in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong> that has converted to<br />
petroleum within <strong>the</strong> Rauch Shapiro Fee #21-9, Billings County, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong>, Geological Investigation No. 146, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> Geological Survey.<br />
Nordeng, S.H. and Nesheim, T.O., 2012, A Preliminary Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Resource Potential <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> <strong>Formation</strong> (Penn.) Based on a Combination <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Kinetically Based Maturation Index, Organic Carbon Content & Interval Thickness, Geological Investigation No. 148, <strong>North</strong> <strong>Dakota</strong> Geological Survey.<br />
Passey, Q. R., Creaney, S., Kulla, J. B., Moretti, F. J., Stroud, J. D., 1990, A practical model for organic richness from porosity and resistivity logs: American<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> <strong>Petroleum</strong> Geologists Bulletin, v. 74, p. 1777-1794.
Thank you for your time.<br />
Questions???
Future Study<br />
Data to Collect: Cut several spatially distributed, complete cores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong><br />
<strong>Formation</strong> for both <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn and sou<strong>the</strong>rn petroleum systems. Benefit:<br />
Better understand <strong>the</strong> geology -> find potential horizontal targets that are<br />
laterally continuous.<br />
Data to Collect: Core analysis data (porosity, permeability, oil saturation % vs.<br />
water saturation %). Benefit: Figure out <strong>the</strong> vertical extent and distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
generated oil.<br />
Data to Collect: Wirelogs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Tyler</strong> section (e.g. Neutron-Density Porosity,<br />
Sonic Travel Time, Gas Log-Chromatograph). Benefit: Geologic mapping <strong>of</strong><br />
source rocks and potential reservoirs. Log analysis techniques (e.g. Oil<br />
saturations).<br />
Data to Collect: Drill Stem Tests. Benefits: Test productive capability.
Oil Variations Between Source Rock Intervals<br />
Publication: GI-151
70-80% Oil Saturation<br />
Potential Horizontal Targets<br />
Interbedded Shale and Limestone
Maximum Shale Resistivity – Lower <strong>Tyler</strong><br />
Publication: GI-132
Maximum Shale Resistivity – Lower <strong>Tyler</strong><br />
c<br />
b<br />
a<br />
Publication: GI-132
Maximum Shale Resistivity – Lower <strong>Tyler</strong><br />
d<br />
Publication: GI-132
Publication: GI-151