Editor: I. Mallikarjuna Sharma Volume 11: 15-31 March 2015 No. 5-6

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44 Policing Belief: Impact of Blasphemy Laws on Human Rights (2015) 1 LAW numerous reports, Mohammed Ibrahim, the owner of another school in the area, fabricated the accusation due to his displeasure with the competition created by Masih’s school. 39 The low evidentiary threshold required to register cases of blasphemy, coupled with the sensitive nature of the crime, exacerbates the laws’ potential for abuse. Until 2004, when a legal amendment began requiring a senior police official to conduct an investigation before arresting a suspect on blasphemy charges, an individual could be charged and arrested based solely on the accusation of a reliable person. 40 In a positive ruling in 2007, the Punjab High Court found a blasphemy case against defendant Muhammad Sharif to be inadmissible, citing the failure of the police to investigate and substantiate the allegations. 41 However, this appears to have been an exception rather than the norm. In some cases, police officers may lack the resources necessary to carry out effective investigations. There have also been reports of a lack of willingness to investigate the allegations. Police officers have allegedly been harassed and intimidated by Islamic radicals who demand the arrest of suspected blasphemers regardless of whether the accusations have been substantiated. This kind of pressure was reported in the case of Robin Sardar, who was arrested on blasphemy charges in 2008. His accuser had tried to set up a shoe stall outside of Sardar’s medical practice but was told to remove it. He then filed a complaint claiming that the doctor had blasphemed against the prophet Muhammad and threatened to burn 39 Asian Human Rights Commission, “Pakistan: Death Threats to Minorities by the Fundamentalists,” news release, April 27, 2001, http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/ mainfile.php/2001/95/; Shea, “Testimony of Nina Shea.” 40 International Crisis Group, The State of Sectarianism in Pakistan (Brussels: International Crisis Group, April 2005), http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/ south-asia/pakistan/095_the_state_of_sectarianism_in_ pakistan.ashx. 41 “Pakistan Authorities Held Up for False Blasphemy Case,” Press Trust of India, December 13, 2007. down Sardar’s house and kill his family if police did not arrest him. Sardar was then arrested and charged without any preliminary investigation. 42 In another example from January 2009, five members of the Ahmadiyya community were arrested in Punjab for allegedly writing the name of the prophet Muhammad on a bathroom wall at a mosque. 43 Several reports on the incident have indicated that there was no evidence implicating the arrested individuals, and police did not carry out any investigation prior to their arrest. According to the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), militant Islamists pressured police to detain the 5 Ahmadis, threatening to “close down the whole city and attack the houses of Ahmadi sect members.” 44 (to be continued) * * * 42 Centre for Legal Aid, Assistance, and Settlement, “A 55 Year Old Pakistani Christian Doctor Jailed on Blasphemy Charges,” May 9, 2008, http://www.claas. org.uk/bcase_detail.aspx?ID=162; “Is There an End?” Dawn, August 6, 2009, http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/ connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/ provinces/18-is-there-an-end-am-01 43 The five suspects included four teenagers, reportedly ranging in age from 14 to 16. See Satinder Bains and Maqbool Ahmad, “Ahmadi Children Arrested on False Charges in Pakistan, Alleges Indian Ahmadiyya Community,” Punjab Newsline, February 10, 2009, http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/15239/38/ ; Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, “Pakistan,” in 2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State, March 2010), http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/ sca/136092.htm. 44 Bains and Ahmad, “Ahmadi Children Arrested on False Charges in Pakistan.” For another, more recent case, see “‘Blasphemy Laws’ Used to Jail Elderly Christian in Pakistan,” Compass Direct News, June 29, 2010, http:// www.compassdirect.org/english/country/pakistan/22092, “73 Years Old Pakistani Christian Arrested under Blasphemy after Dialogue on Religion,” Pakistan Christian Post, June 25, 2010, http://www.pakistan christianpost.com/headlinenewsd.php?hnewsid=2076; Aftab Alexander Mughal, “Christian and Shia Men Facing Blasphemy Charges in Pakistan,” FaithFreedom. org, June 26, 2010, http://www.faithfreedom.org/ features/news/christian-and-shia-men-facing-blasphemychargesin-pakistan/. Law Animated World, 15-31 March 2015 44
HISTORICAL INEVITABILITY OR ELECTORAL CORRUPTION? [Tracing the history of Andhra, Visalandhra and separate Telangana movements] - I. Mallikarjuna Sharma ♣ I think the welcome speech by Sri Ongole Venkatarangaiah Pantulu garu, Chairman of the Reception Committee of this Nellore Andhrajana Maha Sabha, dated 1 June 1917 [Pingala nama samvatsara Jyeshta Suddha 11, Sukravaaramu], deserves and needs to be cited here in extenso: “Andhra mothers and gentlemen, Welcome...…… History of Simhapura [veera vikrama]: Our Nellore in this Andhra country is a very ancient abode. In the Sabha Parva of Andhra Bharata, in the event of description of the Varuna Sabha (Varuna’s royal court), along with sacred rivers like Krishnaveni and Saraswathi, tributes were also paid to the river Penna. In the Andhra literary world, there is no other place more famous than the Nellore district. Several famous poets like Tikkana, following in the footsteps of Nannya called the First Telugu poet, belong to this place. Poets from Nellore outnumber others whose lives were described in the compilation of the lives of Andhra poets done by Sri Veeresalingam Pantulu. Though it seems the Chola kings at one time ruled over the Telugu lands also, all the same, our Nellore district has stood like a mountain obstructing the encroachments of Tamil language and protecting and promoting the sweetness, sanctity, shape and sanitation of the Telugu language. It is not odd that the name and fame of Kavi Brahma Tikkana Somayaji is spread over every nook and corner of Andhradesa. Tikkana was applauded in the prior poets’ tributes section of the Srikamparaja Caritra too, which makes it clear that his fame spread to non-Andhra countries too. This great poet had not only gained supreme command over the Telugu and Sanskrit languages both but also displayed unparalleled statesmanship. He had enabled his master Manumasiddhi, who lost his kingdom, to regain it.” 1 ♣ Continued from Law Animated World, 15-02-2015 issue; emphases in bold ours - IMS. 1 Tikkana beseeched Ganapati Deva of Kakatiyas, who was so impressed by the luster and lore of this great poet, that he Then, narrating the greatness and fame of certain modern stalwarts hailing from Nellore district, Sri Venkatarangaiah made particular reference to Sri Vennelaganti Subba Rao (1784- 1839) who in the early days of East India Company’s entry, joined its service and learning a little English went to North Kanara districts i.e. the western coast in those days when railways were absent and later came back to settle in Madras as translator in Sadar Court (now Madras High Court) and says his autobiography written in English is printed and available with his family descendants. Then he paid tributes to Sri Yeragudipati Venkatachalam pantulu who caused a tall gopura [tower] to be built on the bank of Penna at the entry of Sri Ranganayaka Temple near Nellore; to Sri Palle Chanchal Rao pantulu, settled in Madras, a donor par excellence; to Sri Mangamuri Narasimham Pantulu who, per the command of the sloka ‘paradharmo bhayavaha’ 2 , started the [now famous] Hindu School in Bandar (Machilipatnam) in one day [overnight]; to Sri Gurram Appanna Sastri who as a Court scholar [vakil?] in Madras High Court had assisted several Judges too by his legal wisdom. Thereafter he paid tributes to the then recently deceased Sri Venkatagiri Maharaja, doyen among the zamindars in Madras and scholar in Andhra literature, to Diwan Bahadur Sri Boppuri Nagaiah, great lover of Telugu language, Sri Bezawada Pattabhirama Reddy, zealous activist of Andhra movement, et al. sent his armies to Nellore without delay, to conquer Manumasiddhi’s enemies, and restored the kingdom to that lost king. - IMS. 2 Bhagavad Gita, 3:35: “sreyan sva-dharmo vigunah / paradharmat svanusthitat /sva-dharme nidhanam sreyah / para-dharmo bhayavahah” [“…far better to discharge one's prescribed duties (meaning of one’s own religious stream), even though they may be faulty, than another's duties. Destruction in the course of performing one's own duty is better than [prospering by] engaging in another's duties, for to follow another's path is fearsome.”] 45 Law Animated World, 15-31 March 2015
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Editor: I. Mallikarjuna Sharma Volume 11: 15-31 March 2015 No. 5-6

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