Marking Scheme

SRE-101 

2068 (2012) 

COMPULSORY ENGLISH 

Reading and Writing (Written Test) 

Marking Scheme 

Full Marks: 75 Pass Marks: 24 

Instructions to the Examiners and Head Examiners: 

This marking scheme is a guideline to the examiners and head examiners to help them to mark the students' 

answer scripts. The examiners and head examiners should follow the instructions given below along with the 

criteria given in this scheme while scoring students' answer sheets. 

Accept any other alternative answers other than given in this scheme. 

Marks awarded to each of the questions should be filled in the chart given on the front page of the 

answer books. 

Grand total should be written both in figures and in words. 

Head examiner should check the grand total of each of the answer books. After writing the grand total 

signature is a must. 

In the corrections made by the head examiner, the marks should be written in figures and words as well 

with short signature. 

Use of correcting fluid (T-pex) is strictly prohibited. 

Your scoring determines the reliability of SLC examination! 

Q. No. Answers Marks 

1. A. This question carries 2 marks. Award 1 mark for each correct answer. 

2×1=2 

a. farmer b. seeds of knowledge/knowledge 

1. B. This question carries 3 marks. Award 1 mark for each correct answer. 

3×1=3 

a. meadow 

b. know-knothing/ignorant/uneducated 

c. Eleanor Farjeon 

2. A. 

This question carries 4 marks. Award 1 mark for each correct answer. 

a. hailstones b. restaurant c. downpour d. lightning 

4×1=4 

2. B. This question carries 2 marks. Award 0.5 mark for each correct answer. 

a. True b. True c. False d. False 

2. C. This question carries 4 marks. Award 1 mark for each correct answer. 

a. because of poor visibility 

b. because there had been landslides and the road was slippery 

c. it slipped onto the side of the road, hit the hill and turned over 

d. driving/ the writer is a driver 

3. A. This question carries 2 marks. Award 0.5 mark for each correct answer. 

a. looking forward to - ii. expecting with pleasure 

b.settle down - i. sit comfortably 

c. interruption - iv. disturbance 

d. stain - iii. mark 

3. B. This question carries 2 marks. Award 0.5 mark for each correct answer. 

1. d. After putting the child to bed, she prepared a supper and cold coffee. 

2. b. When she got back to the living-room, her coffee got cold. 

3. c. As soon as she heard a loud knock at the door, she spilt her coffee. 

4. a The baby was awake when her husband returned home. 

3. C This question carries 6 marks. Award 2 marks for each correct answer. 

a. by reading a book/ having food/ pleasantly 

b. A stranger 

c. whether she had spent a pleasant evening. 

4×0.5=2 

4×1=4 

4×0.5=2 

4×0.5=2 

3×2=6

SRE-101 

Q. No. Answers Marks 

4. AThis question carries 2 marks. Award 0.5 mark for each correct answer. 4×0.5=2 

. a. The advertiser - iii. Global Marketing House 

b. Deadline - iv. 30 th August, 2012 

c. Selection - ii. through interview 

d. Basis of salary - i. candidate’s capability 

4. B. This question carries 3 marks. Award 1 mark for each correct answer. 3×1=3 

a. Marketing Manager b. hand-written c. computer and managerial 

4. C This question carries 10 marks. Award 2 mark for each correct answer. 5×2=10 

a. Masters degree in Business Study 

b. 3 years’ work experience 

c.The Managing Director of Global Marketing House 

d. in Dharan, Nepal 

e. short-listed candidates 

5 This question carries 6 marks. Award 1 mark for each correct answer. 6×1=6 

1. d. Aren’t you late for the work? 

2. e. I had a little accident on my way. 

3. a. What happened to you? 

4. f. I fell off my bicycle. 

5. b. How did that happen? 

6. c. It’s nothing serious. 

6 This question carries 6 marks. Award marks considering the following 

6 

aspects. 

Organization : 1 

Content/subject matter : 2 

Correctness of language/Structure : 1 

Headline, originalityand style : 2 

7 This question carries 12 marks. Award marks considering the following 12 

points. 

Correctness of language : 2 

Organization and coherence of ideas : 3 

Content/subject matter : 4 

Originality : 3 

8 This question carries 6 marks. Award 0.5 mark for each correct answer. 12×0.5=6 

a. The b. to c. is there d. is e. try f. When did Sriya spend 

Rs. 1000 g. looked h. to help her i. Cows are kept by farmers 

j. since k. had l. to repair 

9 This question carries 5 marks. Award 0.5 mark for each correct answer. 

were discussing 

was not interested 

with 

the 

who 

had passed 

haven’t you 

had 

couldn’t 

to bring 

Thanks for consulting the marking scheme! 

10×0.5=5

2068 (2012) 

clgjfo{ g]kfnL 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M # 306f k"0ff{ª\s M !)), pQL0ff{ª\s M #@ 

k/LIfs / ;Dk/LIfsx?nfO{ lgb]{zg M 

SRE-105 

pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f s'l~hsf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fsf] lglDt k/LIfsnfO{ ;fdfGo dfu{bz{g xf] . k/LIfsn] pQ/sf] z'4tf, :t/Lotf, 

jfSou7g, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, :ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / :t/Lo d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{ 

5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} /xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ ;Dk/LIf0f ubf{ o;df 

lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/fx¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 

o; s'l~hsfdf lbOPsf afx]s cGo ;xL j}slNks pQ/nfO{ klg tf]lsPsf] cª\s k|bfg ug]{, 

k|To]s k|Zgsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] cª\s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] aflx/L kfgfsf] tflnsfdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf r9fpg] . s'nof]u cª\s / 

cIf/ b'j}df n]vL x:tfIf/ ug]{, 

pQL0ff{ª\ssf] glhs cª\s k|fKt ug]{ pQ/k'l:tsfx¿ k'gM k/LIf0f ug]{ . 

;Dk/LIfsn] k|To]s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] of]u clgjfo{ ¿kdf hfFRg] / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf 

x:tfIf/ ug]{ . 

;Dk/LIfsn] s'g} k|Zgsf] cª\s yk36 ug'{kg]{ ePdf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df 

clgjfo{ ¿kdf n]Vg] . 

l6k]S;sf] k|of]u s'g} klg xfntdf gug]{ . 

k|Zg g+= pQ/x? cª\sef/ 

! zAbfy{ lbOPsf zAbsf] ;xL hf]8f ldnfPdf )=% sf b/n] cª\s k|bfg ug]{ 

$ 

s';'d – k"mn 

j}ej – wg 

:jfwLg – :jtGq 

r/0f – kfp 

rx'/ – rf}/ 

x}/fg – ylst 

s;'/ – uNtL 

l8kf]lh6 – ;l~rt 

@ zAbe08f/ sf]i7sdf lbOPsf zAbx¿dWo] ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/L k"/f ul/Psf] jfSonfO{ )=% sf b/n] cª\s # 

k|bfg ug]{ . 

s_ ;fn cg]sfyL{ zAb xf] . 

v_ cg]sfyL{ zAb ?v xf]Og . 

u_ ÆlaxfgÆ sf] k|of{oafrL zAb k|eft xf] . 

3_ /f]huf/sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb a]/f]huf/ xf] . 

ª_ e'hfsf] kof{ojfrL zAb lktf xf]Og . 

r_ bLk– åLk >'lt;dleGgfy{s zAb x'g\ . 

#=jfSodf cy{ :ki6 x'g] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ePsf]df / jfSosf] agf]6 klg z'4 eP Ps jfSosf nflu Ps cª\ssf b/n] % 

k|of]u %cª\s ;Dd k|bfg ug]{ . 

$= z'4Ls/0f z'4Ls/0f M— -s_ k|lt cz'l4 ;RofPjfkt )=% sf b/n] # cª\s k|bfg ug]{ . 

z'4?k M— clg d]/f slG;/L tfltxfn],To;kl5 uh]{/ b'of]{wgnfO{ eg]F æs] s'/f u5{;\ s'nfªuff/ ÛÆ 

v_ lbOPsf ;d"xdWo]sf k|lt z'4 zAbsf nflu )=% sf b/n] @cªs k|bfg ug]{ . 

# 

@ 

z'4 zAb 

-s_ ;~ro 

-cf_ k"hf;fdfg 

-O_ ljj]szLn 

-O{_ clwj]zg 

%= kbju{ t lgkft 

$ 

k|s[ltk|]dL ljz]if0f 

lsgeg] 

;+of]hs 

pgL 

;j{gfd 

el/ 

gfdof]uL 

k"mn 

gfd 

1

;w}F lqmofof]uL÷ls|ofljz]if0f 

kl5{g\ 

lqmofkb 

^= zAblgdf{0f s_ 

Oof Ö emu8f ± Oof Ö emul8of 

cf8L Ö v]n\ ± cf8L Ö v]nf8L 

pk Ö pk ± xf/ Ö pkxf/ 

kl/ Ö kl/ ± sNkgf Ö kl/sNkgf 

v_ lbOPsf pk;u{ / k|Too nufO{ o:t} cGo zAb lgdf{0f u/]df )=% sf b/n] cª\s k|bfg ug]{ . 

efOdf/f Ö efOnfO{ df/f 

rl/r'Rr] Ö r/fsf] h:tf] r'Rrf] ePsf] 

rf/cf]6f e'hfsf] ;d"x Ö rt'e'{h 

7"nf] bfh' Ö 7'Nbfh' 

&= sfn, kIf -s_ d]/f] 5f]/f] 7"nf] dfG5] x'g]5 . 

/ efj -v_ ljBfyL{x?n] es'08f] v]n]sf 5g\ . 

-u_ d'gf / oZff]bf dfOt uP5g\ . 

-3_ ltdL kf7\ok':ts k9 . 

*= jfSo 

;+Zn]if0f 

(= af]w 

k|Zgf]Q/ 

!) a'Fbfl6kf]6 

/ ;f/f+z 

!!= syf jf 

hLjgL n]vg 

-ª_ xfdL c;n gful/s agf}Fnf . 

/fdelQm wf/fsf s]Gb|Lo slj tyf cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{n] /fdfo0f, aw"lzIff, eQmdfnf, k|Zgf]Q/L / 

/fduLtfh:tf s[ltx¿ n]v]/ g]kfnL ;flxTodf cd/ 5g\ . 

- cGo 9ª\uaf6 ;+Zn]if0f u/] klg dfGo x'g] _ 

p4[t uBf+zdf lglxt efjgf / kl/lwdf /xL lbOPsf z'4, :ki6, ;/n / 5f]6f -Ps jf b'O{ jfSo_ pQ/nfO{ ! 

cª\ssf b/n] hDdf % cª\s k|bfg ug]{ . ;fdfGo cz'l4 ePdf ljj]s k|of]u ug]{ . 

lbOPsf] uBf+zsf] d'Vod'Vo s'/f ;d]6L l6kf]6 ul/Psf rf/cf]6f a'Fbfsf nflu )=% cª\ssf b/n] / d"Nfefj 

;d]6L Ps t[tLof+z x'g] u/L ;f/f+z n]v]df eflifs z'4tf ljrf/ u/L cª\s k|bfg ug]{ . 

syfn]vg jf hLjgLn]vg 

s_ syfn]vgsf] d"Nofª\sg lgDg cfwf/df ug]{– 

ljifoj:t'sf] ;+of]hg, df}lnstf / zLif{s 

jfSou7g / k|:t'tLs/0f syfsf] k"0f{tf 

eflifs z'4tf -j0f{ljGof;, jfSou7g, lrx\g k|of]u, kb;ª\ult_ 

v_ hLjgLn]vsf] d"Nofª\sg lgDg cfwf/df ug]{– 

ljifoj:t'sf] ;+of]hg, df}lnstf / zLif{s 

jfSou7g / k|:t'tLs/0f 


!@= lr7L lr7Lsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lgDg cfwf/df ug]{ M 

s_ k|:t'lt -;Daf]wg, clejfbg, ldlt, gfd, 7]ufgf / vfdsf] gd'gf_ 

v_ ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'sf] ;+of]hg / k':6\ofOF 

u_ efiff, z}nL / df}lnstf 

3_ eflifs z'4tf -j0f{ljGof;, jfSou7g, lrx\g k|of]u, kb;ª\ult_ 

!#= afbljjfb s_ jfbljjfbsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg] 

÷ dgf]jfb – ;Daf]wg 

– ;Da4 ljifoj:t'sf] tfls{s k|:t'lt 

– z}nL, lzNk, / df}lnstf 

– eflifs z'4tf 

v_ dgf]jfbsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lgDg s'/fdf Wofg lbg] . 

:yfg, kl/j]z, dgf]åGåfTds :j?k 

;Da4 ljifoj:t'sf] dgf]åGåfTds k|:t'lt / ;dfwfg 

z}nL lzNk / df}lnstf 


!$= lgaGw lgaGwsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lgDglnlvt s'/fx?df Wofg lbg] . 

kl/ro 

ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg 

k|:t'tLs/0f, ;+of]hg / qmda4tf 

df}lnstf 

lgisif{ 


2 

SRE-105 

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% 

% 

% 

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!%= ;k|;ª\u 

JofVof 

!^= kf7ut 

k|Zgf]Q/ 

;k|;ª\u JofVofsf] d"Nofª\sgdf lgDglnlvt s'/fx?df Wofg lbg] M 

s= k|;ª\u -n]vssf] gfd, kf7sf] zLif{s, ljwf / kf7ut ;Gbe{_ 

v= JofVof -ljifoj:t' / k|:t'lt_ 

u= z}nL / df}lnstf 

3= eflifs z'4tf 

-s_ kf7\ok':tssf n]vs tyf ;Dkfbsx?åf/f ;Dkflbt 

dfgj hLjgdf j}1flgs cljisf/ / k|ljlwsf] k|efj 

oGqdfgj sDKo'6/ lgb]{lzt Ps dfgjsf/ ljB'tLo oflGqs pks/0f 

lgb]{zg cg';f/ zf/Ll/s >dd"ns sfo{ ;/;/ ug{' g} o;sf] d'Vo ljz]iftf 

oGqdfgjsf] cfljisf/n] dfgjhLjg ;'vL aGg ;s]sf] 

o;n] 3/fo;L, cf}Bf]lus, s[lif cflb ljljw If]qdf dfgjnfO{ ;xof]u u/L ck]lIft kmfObf k'¥ofPsf] 

o;sf] k|of]uaf6 cfly{s ef/ / hgzlQmsf] nufgL w]/} ug'{ gk/]sf] 

dfgjn] ug{ g;Sg] sl7g sfo{x? ;lhn} ;Dkfbg ug{ ;s]sf] 

;d'lrt pkof]u ul/Pdf o;af6 w]/} kmfObf lng ;lsg] cGoyf o;}n] ljgfz lgDTofpg ;Sg] 

dfgjsf lglDt cfljis[t 7"nf] pknlAwd"ns oGq ePsf 

-v_ syfsf/ ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]Onfnfåf/f lnlvt dgf]j}1flgs syf 

s]zj/fhsf] dgf]åGb 

s]zj/fhsf] sdhf]/ dfgl;stfsf] lrq0f 

/f0ffsfnLg g]kfndf lgDgj}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] bogLo l:ylt 

Rffs/L gu/L u'hf/f gx'g] s]zj/fhsf] tTsfnLg sfd{rf/Lsf] xLgdgf]u|lGysf] lrq0f 

;+lIfKt k|Zgsf] pQ/sf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lgDglnlvt s'/fx?df Wofg lbg] M 

s= ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg 

v= vFlbnf] Pjd\ ;+lIfKt k|:t'lt -df}lnstf_ 

u= eflifs z'4tf 

-s_ 

-v_ 

-u_ 

j}zfv -sljtf_ 

j;Gt Ct'sf] cfudgn] k|s[lt / dfgj ;dfhdf gjLgtf Nofpg] 

uf]7fnfn] jgjg 8'Nb} ;';]nL xfn]sf 

j;Gtn] ljljw hfthfltsf dflg;nfO{ cfx\nflbt agfPsf] 

k|s[ltdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] jftfj/0f g} dgdf]xs b]lvPsf] 

g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ax'hftLo ;dfhsf] ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s lrq k|:t't ul/Psf] 

u|fdL0f g]kfnL ;dfh / k|s[ltsf] snfTds lrq ptfl/Psf] 

hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x -hLjgL_ 

lj=;+= !((! df dfgjtfjfbL ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf 

cfWoflTds hLjgz}nL / ljZjzflGtnfO{ dxTj lbFb} ljleGg b]zsf] e|d0f u/]sf 

…b x\o'Dolgi6Ú gfds dfgjtfjfb;DaGwL dfl;s klqsf k|sfzg u/L To;sf dfWodaf6 

dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/x¿ ljZje/ km}nfPsf 

hfthflt, wd{ ;Dk|bfoaf6 dfly p7]/ ljZjaGw'Tj / j;'w}j s'6'Dasd\sf] efjgf ;~rf/ ug{ 

;kmn dfgjtfjfbL JolQmTj 

dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/ssf ¿kdf k|Voft 

ldlynf lrqsnf -k|aGw÷lgaGw_ 

g]kfnsf] ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] w/f]x/ 

o;sf ;h{s d}lyn gf/Lx¿ 

:yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgaf6 /ª ;+of]hg ul/g' 

ax' k|tLsx¿sf] k|of]u ul/g' 

dflg;nfO{ k|s[lt aLrdf k|:t't ub}{ r'Rrf] gfs, 7"nf] cfFvf, km6\ofOPsf uf]8f lrqdf b]vfpg' 

k"j{jtL{ gf/L snfsf/af6 pQ/jtL{ gf/L snfsf/af6 x:tfGtl/t x'g' 

SRE-105 

! 

@ 

! 

! 

@ 

@ 

! 

3

!&= tfls{s 

lzNk 

!* 

ljj]rgfTds 

k|Zg 

tfls{s lzNkM o; k|Zgsf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg] 

c_ ljifoj:t' af]w 

cf_ k|:t'tLs/0f 

O_ l;h{gfTdstf÷sNkgfzLntf÷tfls{stf 

O{_ eflifs z'4tf 

ljj]rgfTds d"Nofªsgsf nflu lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg] 

s_ /rgfsf/sf] kl/ro 

v_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg 

u_ ljj]rgfTds k|:t'lt 

3_ z}nL / df}lnstf 

ª_ eflifs z'4tf 

s_ hoef]ln - lgaGw _ 

– lgaGwsf/sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro 

– g]kfnL ;dfh ef]lnjfbL k|j[lQn] cfqmfGt 

– pQ/bfloTj kG5fpg], l9nf;':tL / cN5Lkgfn] ;dfh / /fi6«sf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] tLtf] oyfy{ 

– PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] lj1fgsf] pGglt / k|ult klg ef]lnjfbL k|j[lQsf sf/0f a]sDdf ePsf] 

– ;donfO{ lrGg ;Sg] JolQm, ;dfh / /fi6«n] dfq ljsf;sf] ult lng ;Sg] 

– dfgj ;]jfsf] cefj b]lvFbf ;dfh cwf]ultlt/ hfg] 

– ;donfO{ ga'e\mg] dfG5]n] cfk"mnfO{ dfq geO{ ;dfh / /fi6«sf] eljionfO{ ;d]t cGwsf/df kfg]{ 

– ;dosf] dxTjnfO{ ga'e]ms} sf/0f g]kfnsf] snf, wd{, ;flxTo, /fhgLlt, k|zf;g cflb If]q g/fd|/L k|efljt 

ePsf] oyfy{ 

v_ g]N;g dG8]nf -hLjgL _ 

dG8]nfsf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro 

k|hftGqsf ;]gflg / :jfwLgtfsf kIfw/ dxfg\ /fhgLlt1 

tTsfnLg blIf0f clk|msfdf /x]sf] /ª\ue]bL ;/sf/sf lj?4df hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t ub}{ b]zJofkL 

cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfO u/]sf 

sljnfsf d'lvof x]g/Lsf 5f]/f eP/ klg c? ;/x ;fdfGo hLjg ofkg ub}{ ;fg}b]lv lje]bsf/L 

gLltsf lj?4df nfu]sf] 

;g\ !($$ df clk|msL /fli6«o sfª\u|];sf] ;b:otf lnO{ /fhg}lts hLjgL ;'? u/]sf] 

tTsfnLg Zj]t ;/sf/sf cufl8 cfFvL ePsfn] /fhb|f]xsf] cleof]u nufO{ cfhLjg sf/faf;sf] 

;hfo ef]Ug afWo /fhg]tf 

si7s/ h]nhLjgnfO{ ;xh ?kdf latfO{ cTdan pRr /fVb} w}o{tfsf ;fy /ª\ue]bL zf;gsf] cGTo 

ug{ ;kmn 

;g\ !(($ df ;DkGg r'gfjdf cTolws dt kfO{ /fi6«kltdf ljhoL eP/ blIf0f clk|msL hgtfnfO{ 

:jfwLg t'NofO{ sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf u/]sf . 

SRE-105 

! 

@ 

! 

! 

! 

# 

@ 

@ 

@ 

4

SRE-109 

2068 (2012) 

clgjfo{ ul0ft 

pQ/s'l~hsf 



pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f s'l~hsf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fsf] lglDt k/LIfsnfO{ ;fdfGo dfu{bz{g xf] . k/LIfsn] pQ/sf] 

z'4tf, :t/Lotf, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, :ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / 

:t/Lo d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{ 5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} /xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . 

pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ ;Dk/LIf0f ubf{ o;df lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/fx¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 


k|To]s k|Zgsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] cª\s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] aflx/L kfgfsf] tflnsfdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf r9fpg] . 

s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL x:tfIf/ ug]{, 


;Dk/LIfsn] k|To]s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] of]u clgjfo{ ¿kdf hfFRg] / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL 

tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ . 

;Dk/LIfsn] s'g} k|Zgsf] cª\s yk36 ug'{kg]{ ePdf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ / s'nof]u 

cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df clgjfo{ ¿kdf n]Vg] . 



1.a 1 

3 1 

1.b √ 1 

2.a 1 

2.b 1 

3.a 

For ̅ 

∑ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3.b position of median = 

1 

( ) 1 

Median class 1 

1

SRE-109 

4. a P(Ace) = P(Face-card = 1 

P(Ace or Face-card) = + 

= 

1 

N(W) = 3 

P 1 (W) = 

N(W) = 2 

n(R) = 5 

P 2 (W) = 

P 2 (R) = 

-WW 

n(R) = 5 

4.b -WR 1+1=2 

P 1 (R) = 

N(W) = 3 P 2 (W) = 

-RW 

n(R) = 4 

P 2 (R) = 

-RR 

5.a 18 = AB x 12 x 1 

AB = 6 cm 1 

5.b 

1 

1 

6.a 

A=616 cm 2 

4r 2 = 616 

1 

6.b 

r=7 cm 

(v) = 

or, 77 = 

r = 

1 

1 

1 

7. a 1 

0 1 

2

7.b 

SP = Rs.1375 

NB: Give relevant marks for other correct method 

( ) 

( ) 

SRE-109 

1 

P = 26000 

8.a Area of parallelogram = 

Area of 

ABCD 

1 

1 

1 

8.b 1 

1 

9.a 

1 

1 

9.b 

1 

Let A and S be the sets of children who like mango and orange 

respectively: 

1 

1 

1+1=2 

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 

= 45 

Now, we have 

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 

1 

1 

3

SRE-109 

11. 

= 18-10 = 8 

(4x 2 ) 2 (2x+1) 2 

= 

(4x 2 +2x+1) (4x 2 -2x-1) 

1+1 

(2x) 3 -(1) 3 

= (2x-1) (4x 2 +2x+1) 

H.C.F. = 4x 2 +2x+1 1 

12 1 

1 1 

13 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

14 

15 

Let the number of two digits be 10x+y where x is at ten's place and y is at 

one's place. 

The reverse number = 10y+x 

x+y = 11 ………………(i) 

10y+x = 10x+y+45 1 

x = 3, y = 8 1 

Hence the required number = 10x+y = 38 1 

Cumulative frequency table 

Marks Frequency c.f. 

0 - 10 

10-20 

20-30 

30-40 

40-50 

3 

10 

15 

8 

4 

3 

13 

28 

36 

40 

Median class = = 20 th item = (20-30) 1 

1 

1 

Median = 

= 

⁄ 

Median = 24.67 1 

1 

4

Appropriate figure and description. 

A 

SRE-109 

16 

1 

B 

C 

√ 

1 

BC = 180 m 1 

The diameter of the meadow = 360 m 1 

17 Radius of the base of the solid ( 

Height of the cone 1 

Slant height of the cone 

√ 

1 

18 

C.S.A. of the solid object 1 

C.S.A. of the solid object 1 

Area of base of the given pyramid (A) 

Volume of the given pyramid (V) = 

√ 

1 

1 

1 

19 A and B can do part of work in 1 day. 1 

A alone finish part of work in 1 day 1 

B alone can finish work in 1 days. 1 

B alone can do the whole work in 45 days 1 

20 Let the marked price be = Rs 

Selling price, after discount = 

1 

1 

Adding 15% of VAT = 

1 

By question, 

1 

5

SRE-109 

21 

( ) ………….(i) 

( ) ………….(ii) 1 

1 

from (i) and (ii) 

( ) 

1 

( ) 

1 

Putting the value of 

22 

( ) 

Note : Give relevant marks for other methods. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

[ Give full marks for alternative correct and appropriate proof] 

23 Proof 

1 

̂ ̂ 

̂ ̂ 1 

̂ 

1 

̂ 

= 

24 For two correct circles with radii at least 3 cm 1 

For correct measurement with table 2 

For correct conclusion 1 

6

25 

SRE-109 

1 

For correct construction of quadrilateral 

For correct diagonal and parallel line i.e. 1 

For correct construction of triangle 1 

Hence, area of the quadrilateral 1 

7

SRE-111 

2068 (2012) 

clgjfo{ lj1fg 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M @ 306f !% ldg]6 k"0ff{ª\s M &%, pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 

k/LIfs / ;Dk/LIfsx¿nfO{ lgb]{zg M 

pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f s'l~hsf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fsf] lglDt k/LIfsnfO{ ;fdfGo dfu{bz{g xf] . k/LIfsn] pQ/sf] 

z'4tf, :t/Lotf, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, :ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / 

:t/Lo d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{ 5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} /xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . 

pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ ;Dk/LIf0f ubf{ o;df lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/fx¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 


k|To]s k|Zgsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] cª\s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] aflx/L kfgfsf] tflnsfdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf r9fpg] . 

s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL x:tfIf/ ug]{, 


;Dk/LIfsn] k|To]s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] of]u clgjfo{ ¿kdf hfFRg] / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL 

tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ . 

;Dk/LIfsn] s'g} k|Zgsf] cª\s yk36 ug'{kg]{ ePdf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ / s'nof]u 

cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df clgjfo{ ¿kdf n]Vg] . 


k|Zg 

g+ 

!=s 

pQ/x? 

‣ j:t'x¿sf] lk08x¿sf] u'0fgkmn jf lk08x¿ 

‣ j:t'x¿sf] aLrsf] b"/Lsf] ju{df jf (radius) 

u'?Tj an cw{Jof;sf] ju{;Fu Jo'tqmdfg'kflts x'g] ePsf]n], 

cª\sef/ 

! 

!=% 

g sf] dfg e'dWo/]vLo If]qdf = 9.78m/s 2 

g sf] dfg w|'jLo If]qdf = 9.83m/s 2 

w = mg 

lk08 (M) k[YjL = 50kg 

1kg = 9.8N 

W = mg 

= 50×9.8 = 490N 

k[YjLdf 490N tf}n pRrfNg ;S5 . 

km]/L, 

rGb|ddf, 

m = ? 

w = 490N 

g = 1.67 m/s 2 

W = mg 

= 293.4kg 

! 

! 

1

SRE-111 

!=v ;f}o{ zlQmnfO{ Pslqt kf/]/÷ jf cGo ;xL pQ/ n]v]df ! 

pmhf{sf] pkof]u ljj]sk"0f{ ¿kn] ug]{ 

! 

pmhf{sf j}slNks ;|f]tx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ 

! 

@=s lglZrt cfotg ePsf] s'g} kbfy{sf] lk08nfO{ 4 0 C tfkqmd ePsf] Tolt g} cfotg ! 

ePsf] kfgLsf] lk08n] efu ubf{ lg:sg] kl/0ffdnfO{ To; kbfy{sf] ;fk]lR5s 3gTj 

t/nsf] rfk / ulx/fO eGg] ;DaGw 

kmf]sf dfly cfpFbf t/nsf] rfk sd x'Fbf kmf]sf 7"nf] x'G5 . 

)=% 

! 

xfjfdf tf}n = kfgLdf tf}n lj:yflkt kfgL 

= 22N + 5N 

= 27N ! 

cfls{ldlh l;4fGt )=% 

@= v j:t' C )=% 

t}l/Psf] cj:yfdf, 

j:t'sf] tf}n Ö lj:yflkt kfgL tf}n 

1×g = m×g 

lj:yflkt kfgL = 1kg ! 

Knjgsf] lgod 

t/n kbfy{df plqg] j:t'n] cfˆgf] tf}n a/fa/sf] t/n kbfy{ lj:yflkt u5{ . 

)=% 

!=% 

#=s 1 Kg kf/f]nfO{ 1 0 C tfkqmddf a[l4 ug{ 140J zlQm cfjZos k5{ . ! 

kfgLsf] cfotg 4 0 C df ;a}eGbf sd x'g] ePsf]n] ! 

ljlzi6 tfkwf/0f Ifdtf / tfkqmkaLr Jo'Tqmdfg'kflts ;DaGw x'G5 . 

@ 

To;sf/0f 'y' j:t'sf] lj=tf=If= sd ePsf]n] o;sf] tfkqmd a9L x'G5 . 

#=v n]G;n] k|sfzsf] ls/0fx¿nfO{ s]lGb|t jf ljs]lGb|t ug]{ IfdtfnfO{ n]G;sf] ;fdYo{ ! 

elgG5 . 

s]Gs]e n]G;n] ;dfgfGt/ k|sfzsf ls/0fx¿nfO{ ljs]lGb|t u5{ . ! 

s]Gs]e n]G; )=% 

lbOPsf], 

;fdYo{ (P) = -2.5D 

s]Gb|Ls/0f b'/L (f) = ? 

;"q, 

)=% 

= 0.4m n]v]df jf 40cm 

)=% 

2 

A

SRE-111 

$=s 

@ 

;dfGffGt/ h8fg 

rlDsnf]kgf ;Dffg x'G5 . 

Pp6f k|of]u ubf{ csf]{df c;/ kb}{g 

jf cGo o:t} kmfObf n]v]df 

$=v bfofF xftsf] tLg cf}+nf -a'9L, rf]/ / dfemL_ nfO{ k/:k/ nDa x'g] u/L /fVbf a'9L 

cf}+nfn] rfn, rf]/L cf}+nfn] an /]vf / dflem cf}+nfn] ljB't\sf] lbzf hgfpF5 egL 

%=s 

n]v]df 

h]g]/]6/ 

ljB't\ r'Das k|of]u ul/G5 . 

SjfOnnfO{ rfn cj:yfdf NofP/ ljB't\ 

pTkfbg ul/G5 . 

ljB't df]6/ 

:yfoL r'Das k|of]u ul/G5 

. 

ljB't zlStnfO{ olGqs 

zlStdf kl/0ft ub{5 jf 

cGo ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

SjfOndf ;6{ ;ls{6 (short circuit) gxf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] Ogfd]n 

nufOPsf] tf/ k|of]u ul/G5 . 

xfO8«f]hgsf] aflx/L sIfdf PP6f dfq On]S6«f]g ePsf]n] /f;folgs k|ltlqmofdf 

Pp6f On]S6«f]g lng] ub{5 . 

xfO8«f]hg n] ;lqmo wft'sf] h:t} u/L (Electro positive idn) 

lbg] x'gfn] . jf cGo ;xL k|ltlqmof n]v]df 

)=% 

)=% 

)=% 

! 

! 

! 

! 

! 

! 

%=v 

^=s 

2Kc10 3 2Kcl +30 2 @ 

sfj{g8fOcS;fO{8 UofF;nfO{ –78 0 C df lr:ofpFbf 7f]; c:yfdf kl/0ft x'G5 . 7f]; ! 

cj:yfsf] sfj{g8fOcS;fO8nfO{ ;'Vvf j/km elgG5 . 

kmnk"mn, df5f, df;'nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg ;'Vvf j/kmsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . ! 

lUn;]/f]n (Glycerol) )=% 

OH 

H C C 

H 

OH 

H 

rfNsf]kfO/fO6 / sk/ UnfG; 

! 

-jf cGo ;xL pQ/ n]v]df k"0f cª\s lbg]_ 

lsgeg] kmnfd ;'geGbf a9L ;lqmo x'G5 / o;n] xfjf, kfgL;Fu k|ltlqmof u5{ . ! 

NaOH + CH 3 COOH CH 3 COONa + H 2 O @ 

-s8f Iff/_ -g/d cDn_ 

-olb c;Gt'lnt ;dLs/0f n]v]df Ps cª\s dfq} lbg] jf cGo ;xL pQ/ n]v]df_ 

OH 

C 

H 

H 

! 

3

4 

SRE-111 

o;af6 aGg] nj0f Iff/Lo nj0f xf] . )=% 

^=v lgs]n cS;fO{8 )=% 

SoflN;od ;'k/ kmf]:k]m6 

)=% 

-jf cGo ;xL pQ/ n]v]df k"0f{ cª\s lbg]_ 

‣ gfO6«f]hgn] k|f]l6g agfpg ;xof]u ub{5 . 

‣ gfO6«f]hgn] lj?jfsf kftx¿ kx]+nf x'g lbFb}g . 

! 

! 

-jf cGo ;xL pQ/ n]v]df k"0f{ cª\s lbg]_ 

&=s s'g}klg aflx/L pQ]hgfaf6 k|efljt eO{ lj?jfsf] ljleGg efun] b]vfpg] rfnnfO{ ! 

6«lkHd elgG5 . 

OG8f]s|fOg u|GyLaf6 lg:sg] /;folgs /;n] z/L/sf] j[l4 / ljsf;df c;/ kfg]{ ! 

ePsf]n] . 

OG8f]s|fOg u|GyLaf6 lg:sg] xdf]{g /utdf ldl;P/ z/L/sf ;a} 7fpFdf k'Ug] x'gfn] . ! 

&=v afOsl:k8 eNe d'6'sf] afFof cl/sn / afFof e]lG6«snsf] aLrdf /x]sf] x'G5 . )=% 

l;:6lds ;~rf/ 

kNdf]g/L ;~rf/ 

@ 

(i) z'4 /ut zl//sf ;a} efudf (i) cz'4 /ut d'6'af6 kmf]S;f]df / z'4 

k'¥ofpg] / cz'4 /utnfO{ d'6'df /ut kmf]S;f]af6 d'6'df n}hfg] . 

Nofpg] . 

(ii) Pcf]6f{n] /ut ljt/0f ug]{ / (ii) bfFof e]lG6«sndf cfPsf] cz'4 

e]gfsfefn] /ut d'6'df ;+sng 

ub{5 . 

/ut kNdf]g/L wdgLn] /ut 

n}hfg] / kNdf]g/L lz/fn] /ut 

kmf]S;f]af6 d'6' tk{m ;+sng 

ub{5 . 

-jf cGo ;xL km/s n]v]df k|To]s ;xL km/ssf] ! c+s_ 

/f]u 

efO/; 

(i) kf]lnof] kf]lnof] 

! 

(ii) bfb'/f kf/fldS;f] 

! 

*=s j+zf0f'ut u'0f Ps k':tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf ;fg]{ sfo{ ub{5 . ! 

qmf]df]hf]d dl;gf], nfdf], 3'F3l/Psf] / lkmlhPsf] wfuf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . ! 

dfp sf]if / ;Gtlt sf]ifdf qmf]df]hf]dsf] ;+Vof a/fa/ x'g] ePsf]n] . !=% 

*=v o;df Pp6f hLj dfq ;+nUg x'G5 . 

@ 

;Gtfg j+zf0f'ut ¿kdf dfp h:t} x'G5 jf cGo b'O{ ljz]iftf n]v]df 

sfnf] tyf rxlsnf] /Ësf Rofp n]v]df ! 

kfrg ;DaGwL v/faL eO{ jfGtf cfpg] 

s]Gb|Lo :gfo' k|0ffnLdf kIf3ft x'g] 

)=% 

)=% 

jf cGo ldNbf] pQ/ n]v]df . 

(=s z/L/df ljsl;t 9f8 ePsf] hgfj/nfO{ 

! 

-jf cGo c? ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df_ 

Brassica campestries(Underline gu/]df )=% 36fpg]_ ! 

:ynLo kfl/l:ytLs k4ltsf] hLjlk08sf] lk/fld8 

@ 

t[lto pkef]Qmf 

lålto pkef]Qmf 

k|yd pkef]Qmf 

pTkfbs

(=v 

DNA 

sfdM– ;Gtfgdf j+zfg'ut u'0f k|;f/0f 

u5{ . 

cGo ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

RNA 

k|f]l6g ;+Zn]if0fdf efu lnG5 . 

k"vf{ nfdf] kv]6f ePsf] 8«f];f]lkmnf × 5f]6f] kv]6f ePsf] 8«f];f]lkmnf 

8|f];f]lkmnf LL 

ll 

SRE-111 

! 

F 1 - 

j+z 

Ll 

parent 

@ 

Ll 

Ll 

F 2 - 

j+z 

Ll 

parent 

LL Ll Ll ll 

df]gf]xfOla|8 qm; xf] )=% 

!)=s plgpF – sfjf]{lgk]m/;, 

! 

sf]0fwf/L – 6«fofl;s 

! 

8fOgf];/ h:tf ;l/;[ksf] pTklQ, ljsf; / nf]k o;} o'udf ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ! 

;l/;[ksf] o'u elgG5 . 

jfo'd08nsf] tNnf] ;txdf sfj{g8fOcS;fO8sf] dfq a9L x'G5 / ;"o{sf] ljls/0f !=% 

o;n] ;f];]/ a9L tftf] x'G5 . hlt dfly uof] Green House effect sd x'Fb} 

hfG5 / lr;f] a9\b} hfG5 . 

!)=v d+unu|xdf lndf]gfO6 gfdsf] /ftf] /+usf] vlgh ePsf]n] /ftf] b]lvG5 . ! 

k[YjL hLjsf] nflu c'gs"n x'g'sf sf/0f 

k[YjLsf] tfkqmd hLjsf] nflu plrt x'g' 

! 

kfgL÷clS;hg kof{Kt x'g' 

! 

-of cGo ;xL a'Fbf lbPdf c+s lbg]_ 

5

2068 (2012) 

clgjfo{ ;fdflhs cWoog 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M # 306f k"0ff{ª\s M !)) 

pQL0ff{ª\s M #@ 

SRE- 122 


pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f s'l~hsf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fsf] lglDt k/LIfsnfO{ ;fdfGo dfu{bz{g xf] . k/LIfsn] pQ/sf] z'4tf, 

:t/Lotf, jfSou7g, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, :ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / :t/Lo 

d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{ 5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} /xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ 

;Dk/LIf0f ubf{ o;df lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/fx¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 





;Dk/LIfsn] k|To]s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] of]u clgjfo{ ¿kdf hfFRg] / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL tf]lsPsf] 

7fpFdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ . 

;Dk/LIfsn] s'g} k|Zgsf] cª\s yk36 ug'{kg]{ ePdf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ 

b'j}df clgjfo{ ¿kdf n]Vg] . 



! lrof, cn}FrL, cb'jf, pv', h:tf gub] afln dWo] s'g} @ sf] gfd n]v]df )=% sf b/n] )=%x@=! 

@= ;fGble{s / pko'Qm ;'emfj lbPdf h:t} nfu'kbfy{ :jf:Yosf nflu Hofb} xflgsf/s ! 

5 

#= dfgj clwsf/k|lt r]tgf hfu[t gu/fpg', o:tf ;+:yfx? ljs6 e]udf :yfkgf gx'g' ! 

h:tf s'g} Ps wf/0ff n]v]df 

$= pQ/ cd]l/sf – k|]/Lh 

! 

blIf0f cd]l/sf – kDkf; 

n]v]df k|To]ssf] )=% cª\ssf] b/n] )=%±)=% = ! cª\s 

%= -s_ e~Hofª\u (Pass) = ] [ 

-v_ tfn = 

! 

dflysf] h:tf] ;ª\s]t k|of]u ul/G5 egL n]v]df k|To]ssf] )=% cª\ssf] b/n] 

)=% ± )=% = 

^= ko{6g pBf]u, s[lif, kz'kfng cflb h:tf s'g} @ pNn]v u/]df ! 

&= ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf ! 

*= a]nfotsf] ;fDoafbL k|ltsf] gLlt tfgzfx eGbf a9L vt/gfs /x]sf] / hd{lgsf ! 

sltko lqmofsnfk k|lt df}g a;]sf] h:tf cfzo cfpg] u/L cfkm\gf] wf/0ff lbPdf 

;d"x v 

(= sdljsl;t x'gsf sf/0fx? M 

/fwfgLaf6 ;'b'/ -6f9f_ ePsf]n] 

oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf gePsf]n] 

lzIffsf] ljsf; gePsf]n] 

$ 

;+rf/, afhf/ gePsf]n] h:tf ldNg] rf/ a'Fbf n]v]df !x$ 

1

SRE- 122 

!) ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] 

ljleGg ko{6sLo If]qx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/nfO{ dxTj lbg] 

;Defljt ko{6sLo If]qx? vf]hL u/L ;d'bfo jf :yfgLo lgosfn] kl/rfng 

ug{], 

;fF:s[tLs ljljwtfsf] vf]hL u/L k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] !x$ 

$ 

!! hgzlQm eGgfn] zfl//Ls tyf dfg;ls ?kn] s'g} klg sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd JolQm egL ! 

n]v]df 

bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ M 

pRr lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] 

tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ 

#x!=# 

k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] h:tf s'g} tLg a'Fbf n]v]df 

!@ s_ s[lif k]zf;+u ;DjlGwt egL n]v]df ! 

v_ ljleGg tflnd s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{, 3'lDt tflnd lzlj/x? ;+rfng ug]{ , s[lifdf 

gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ h:tf ldNbf # j6f sfo{x? n]v]df 

# 

!# 

tnsf] h:t} krf{sf] gd"gf tof/ kf/]df -9fFrfsf] ! c+s / ts{x?sf] # c+s_ 

nf]safhf xfd|f] cfTdf xf] . o;n] /fi6«sf] uf}/a a9fpF5 . o;n] xfd|f] ;+:s[lt / 

;Eotfsf] klxrfg u/fpFb5 . xfd|f nf]s afhfx?n] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;f+:s[lts 

ljz]iftfx?nfO{ phfu/ ub{5 . g]kfnLx?nfO{ Pstf ug{ o;n] d2t ub{5 . To;}n] 

nf]safh, xfdL ;asf] ;femf eGg] gf/fnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ xfd|f nf]sf afhfsf] ;+/If0f / 

;Dj4{g ug{ cfh}b]lv nflu k/f}+ . nf]kfnL nf]s afhfsf] k|rf/k|;f/ u/f}+ . cfˆgf 3/, 

!+#=$ 

;dfhgdf x'g] sfo{qmdx?df nf]s afhfsf] k|of]u a9fcf}+ . ljbzL afhfsf] k|efjaf6 

g]kfnL nf]s;+:sltnfO{ hf]ufpg cfh}b]lv nflu k/f}+ h:tf cf;o cfpg] krf{sf] gd'gf 

tof/ u/]df 

nf]s ;+:s[lt ;+/If0f ;dfh 

!$ 

hfgsL dlGb/sf] df}lnstf, ljz]iftf, hgsk'/sf] ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftf, ToxfFsf] 

;d'bfosf] df}lnstf cflb pNn]v u/]df 

$x!=$ 

!% 

clzIff 

u/LaL 

a]/f]huf/L 

zx/Lo ljnf;L hLjgsf] rfxgf 

bnfnsf] kmGbfdf km:gfn] 

o:t} c? a'Fbfx? n]vL 5f]6s/Ldf j0f{g u/]df 

2 

$x!=$ 

!^ 

s'k|yfx?sf] g/fd|f c;/x?sf] af/]df r]tgf hufpg] 

?9LjfbL ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] 

s'k|yf;df cEo:t ePsfx?nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ . 

$x!=$ 

ljleGg sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgfdf ;xefuL eO{ ;dfhsf s'k|yfx? lj?4 cfjfh 

p7fpg] . 

!& jSt[Tjsf] 9fFrf n]v]df ! 

cfj]bg÷pDd]b/jf/L btf{, cfrf/ ;+lxtf, kf6L{sf] pDd]bjf/ eP ;f] kf6L{sf] l;kmfl/; 

h:tf a'bf n]v]df 

#x!=#$ 

!* 

;+;f/sf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] %% a;f]jf; ug]{, 

s]xL lkm/Gt] hftL x'G5g h'g cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] l;nl;nfdf cfˆgf ;fdfgx? $

SRE- 122 

pmF6df /fv]/ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF lx8L /xG5g 

kfndf a:b5g\ . 

d?Bfg (OASIS) If]qdf :yfoL ?kdf s]xL hftLx? a;f]jf; ub{5g\, s[lifaf6 

hLjg lgjf{x ub{5g\ cflb h:tf cfzo cfpg] u/L j0f{g u/]df 

!( zLif{s ! 

:s]n lbPdf ! 

ldlt / 36gfnfO{ ;do /]vfdf b]vfPdf 

@ 

@) cfjZos k"jf{wf/x? h:t}M oftfoft, ;~rf/, ljh'nL, kfgL cflbsf] ;d'lrt 

Joj:yf ug]{ 

ko{6sx?sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu vfg], a:g] ;'ljwfsf ;fy} dgf]/~hgsf] cfjZos 

Joj:yf ug]{ 

of] If]q jl/k/Lsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ kb'if0f/xLt /fvL cfjZos ;/;kmfOnfO{ 

ljz]if Wofg lbg] . 

cfjZos zflGt;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . 

n'lDagL e|d0f jif{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{sf nflu b]z leq / aflx/ Jofks?kdf 

k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ . h:tf s'g} $ cf]6f pko'St ;'emfjx? n]v]df k|To]ssf] !–! 

cª\ssf b/n] $ cª\s lbg] 

!×$Ö$ 

@! 

@@ 

@# 

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljlzli6s[t ;+:yfx? dWo] cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7g, ljZj :jf:Yo 

;+u7g, ;'oQm /fi6«;+3Lo afnsf]if, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd, ;+o'Qm 

/fi6«;+3Lo pRr z/0ffyL{ cfof]u, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo z}lIfs, j}1flgs tyf ;fF:s[lts 

;+u7g nufot cGo s'g} rf/j6f n]v]df 

s'g} Ps /fi6«;+3Lo ljlzi6Ls[t ;+:yfsf] 5f]6f] j0f{g u/]df 

3 

)=%x$=@ 

ljZj zflGt / ;'/Iffsf nflu ePsf ;lGw cIf/;M kfngf ug]{ / u/fpg] 

dfgj clwsf/, ;fdlfhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"l tug]{ 

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3nfO{ lgikIff, :jtGq / k|hftflGqs agfpg] 

lgz:qLs/0f cleofgnfO{ hf]8 lbO ljZj zflGtsf nflu kxn ug]{ 

$ 

cGt/f{li6«o cft+safb, lx+;f, 4Gb lj?4 n8\g] 

zflGt;]gfsf] kl/rfng ug]{ 

h:tf pko'Qm a'Fbfx? ;d]6L cfˆgf] ljrf/ n]v]df 

:jtGq lgsfo h;n] ;/sf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ ;+ljwfgd} h;sf] sfo{, 

st{Jo ;d]t :jtGq?kdf pNn]v x'g] n]v]df ! 

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdfsf s'g} $ ;+j}wfgLs c+ux?sf] gfd n]vL ltgsf] sfo{x? 

pbfx?0f ;lxt n]v]df $x@ 

* 

@$ k[i7el/g] u/L g]kfnsf] gS;f agfPdf # 

k|To]s tYonfO{ pko'Qm ;+s]t k|of]u u/L ;xL 7fpFdf b]vfPdf 

!x^=^ 

cyjf 

@% 

lbOPsf] pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] gS;fdf pko'Qm ;+s]t jf lrGx k|of]u u/L ;xL 7fpFdf 

tYox? b]vfPdf 

@))& ;fnsf] qmflGtsf s'g} rf/j6f sf/0fx? M 

s_ /f0ffzf;gsf] s'/tfsf] sf/0f 

v_ ;L snf; /f0ffx? ef/tdf a;]sf lyP, pgLx?n] lj/f]w u/]sf sf/0f 

@ 

!x(=( 

$x!=$

SRE- 122 

@^= 

u_ bf];|f] ljZjo'4 ;s]/ 3/ kms{g] uf]vf{ ;}lgsnn] /f0ffx?n] cGofo cTofrf/ u/]sf] 

dxz'; u/]sf] sf/0f 

3_ hgr]tgfsf] sdL, dfjg clwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] sf/0f h:tf s'g} rf/ cf]6f 

sf/0fx? n]v]df 

;ldIfTds ljrf/x?M 

s_ @))& ;fnsf] hgqmflGtn] g]kfndf /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTo / k|hftGqsf] pbo eof] 

v_ /fg}tLs, cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf] z'?jft eof] . 

u_ /fhfnfO{ g} k"0f{ clwsf/ lbOPsf] sf/0f k6s k6s ;/sf/ kl/jt{g eof] 

3_ blno ;fdGh:otfsf] cefj 

ª_ pBf]ux? vf]lnPtfklg hgtfdf TolQ r]tgf gfPsf] h:tf kfra6 a'bf n]v]df 

cyfjf 

e|d0f u/]sf] 7fpsf] kl/rfo 

cWoog e|d0fsf] p2]Zo 

cWoog ljlw 

kQf nufOPsf s'/fx? 

lgisif{ / ;'emfj 

ko{6g Joj;fodf ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf 

ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/df hf]8 lbg] 

zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{] 

ko{6s;+u ;DalGwt bIf hgzlQm tof/ ug{] h:tf # a'bf n]v]df 

ko{6g Joj;fosf] e'ldsf 

ko{6g Joj;flox?n] dgf]/GhgfTds sfo{qmdx?nfO{ hf]8 lbg' kg{] 

vfg], a:g], ;/;kmOsf] tyf oftfotsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg{] 

3/]n' pBf]usf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg{] / ko{6sLo ahf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg{] 

h:tf s'g} # a'bf n]v]df 

ko{6ssf] e"ldsf 

ko{6sn] lgb{]zgcg';f/ sfd ug'{ kg{] 

lgodsf] kfngf ug{] / ;a};+u /fd|f] Jojxf/ ug'{ kg{] 

k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;'/Iff ug{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{] h:tf s'g} # a'bf n]v]df 

%x!=% 

! 

! 

@ 

# 

@ 

#x!= # 

#x!= # 

#x!= # 

;dfKt 

4

SRE133 

2068 (2012) 

clgjfo{ :jf:Yo, hg;ª\Vof tyf jftfj/0f lzIff 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M @ 306f !% ldg]6 k"0ff{ª\s M &%, pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 















k|Zg g pQ/x¿ 

cª\sef/ 

! lj=;+= !(^* cyjf ;g\ !(!! dWo] Ps n]v]df ! 

@ 

sf]/f hGdb/ – sf]/f d[To'b/ 

! 

k|fs[lts a[l4b/sf] ;"q Ö –––––––––––––––––––––––––– x !)) 

!))) 

cyjf 

sf]/f hGd – sf]/f d[To' 

k|fs[lts a[l4b/sf] ;"q Ö –––––––––––––––––––––––––– x !))) 

dWojif{sf] hg;ª\Vof 

# hlGdbf ;/b/ cf};t cfo', lzIff, k|lt JolQm cfodWo] s'g} Ps n]v]df ! 

$ jgkm8fgL, kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL x«f;, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ljgfz / e"IfodWo] Ps n]v]df ! 

% j[Iff/f]k0f, hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd, hnfwf/ ;+/If0f, t6aGw lgdf{0f, j}1flgs v]tL, k|b'if0f ! 

lgoGq0fdWo] s'g} Ps n]v]df 

^ b'w, l;ld, e6df;, df5f, bfn, df;', c08f, dWo] s'g} Ps n]v]df ! 

& emf8f kvfnf 

! 

* 

cfpF h'sf dWo] Ps 

dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljsf; 

! 

hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ 

cfly{s ljsf; 

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ dWo] s'g} Ps 

( pRr/Qmrfk jf pRr /Qm sf]n]:6f]/f]n jf dw'd]x jf x[|bo3ft h:tf ;d:ofsf] /f]syfd ! 

ug'{ 

!) le6fldg A, D, E, K dWo] s'g} Pp6f ! 

;d"x v 

!! ;fgf] cWoogaf6 ;du| cWoog ug{ ;lsg] 

cfwf/e"t tYofª\s ;\sng ug{ ;xh x'g] 

vr{ sd nfUg] 

dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] sd k|of]u x'g] 

%

yf]/} ;dodf ug{ ;lsg] jf To:t} cGo ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

!@ dlxnfx¿sf] vf; pd]/b]lv vf; pd]/;Dd dfq k|hgg x'G5g\ . pd]/ k'Ug'cl3 / kl5 

;Gtfg kfpg ;St}gg\, !%–$( jif{ ;Dd k|hgg Ifdtf x'g], jo:sdf a9L k|hgg x'g] 

cfGtl/s / afXo b'a} a;fO;/fO{df o'jf o'jtL a9L x'g], gf}nf] 7fpF ;dfhdf ;lhn} 

3'nldn x'g ;Sg], gofF sfd l56f] / ;xh 9+un] ug]{ ePsf]n] c? pd]/sf eGbf o'jf 

pd]/sf a9L a;fO;/fO{ u5{g\ . 

!# k|Zgfg';f/, 

dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof = !%)) 

!%–$( ;d'xsf dlxnfaf6 hGd]sf hLljt lzz'sf] ;ª\Vof = #)) 

;fdfGo k|hgg b/ = < 

;'q, 

!% – $( pd]/sf dlxnfn] hGdfPsf hLljt lzz' ;ª\Vof 

;fdfGo k|hgg b/ Ö –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– x 

!))) 

!% – $( pd]/sf dlxnfsf] s"n ;ª\Vof 

#)) 

Ö –––––––––––– x !))) 

!%)) 

Ö @)) k|lt xhf/ 

To;sf/0f ;fdfGo k|hgg b/ Ö @)) k|lt xhf/ 

!$ dfgj ljsf; ;'rsfªssf cfwf/sf gfd M 

h:t} lzIff, cfocfh{g, hlGdbf ck]lIft ;/b/ cfo' pNn]v u/L k|To]s a'Fbf pRr, dWod 

/ Go"g >]0fL k'li6 x'g] u/L 5f]6f] AofVof u/]df 

!% w]/} hf8f] / udL{ gx'g] 

km/flsnf], ;fF3'/f pkTosf, j]zL, 6f/ cflb e" efux¿ ePsf] 

hDdf g]kfnsf] e" efusf] $!=&Ü If]q cf]u6]sf] 

#( lhNnfx¿ dWo] Onfd, kfFry/, l;Gw'nL, Ko"7fg, c5fd cflb s]xL kxf8L 

lhNnfx¿, prrfO ^!) b]lv $*&& ld ;Dd pNn]v u/]df 

!^ kfgLsf ;|f]t k|b'lift 

jftfj/0f x|f; 

k|fs[lts k|sf]k 

hdLgsf] pj{/fzlQmdf x|f; 

jgljgfz hl8a'6Lsf] nf]k 

a[Iff/f]k0f 

le/fnf] hldgdf v]tL gug]{ 

hnfwf/ ;+/If0f 

hgr]tgf clea[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng 

clt r/0f gug]{ 

!& s[lifhGo pTkfbg dflg;n] cfˆgf] cfwf/e"t vfgsf] nflu pTkfbg ub{5 egL n]v]df 

jg:klthGo pTkfbg -sGbd'n, kmnkm'n Pj+ hl8j'6L_ cflb o;sf kl/k'/ssf] ¿kdf 

pkof]uL l;4 dflgG5g\ egL n]v]df 

!* /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3;+:yfsf] ;xof]usf] nflu kxn ug]{ 

hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ 

@=% 

@=% 

! 

! 

# 

% 

% 

@=% 

@=% 

@=% 

@=% 

% 

SRE133

jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf cGo ;ª\3;+:yf Pj+ Snasf] ;+nUgtf 

hgr]tgf clea[l4 h:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] 

j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ 

!( vfg]kfgL 

;8s lgdf{0f 

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf a[l4 

lzIff ;]jfdf a[l4 h:tf dWo] s'g} Ps a'Fbf n]v]df 

pQm a'Fbfsf] s'g} rf/ dxTj n]v]df 

@) tnsf] a'Fbfx¿df cfwfl/t eO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] dxŒj tyf l;4fGtaLr ;dGjofTds j0f{g 

u/L n]v]df 

h:t} M kfl/l:ylts k4ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;dfhsf] lbuf] ljsf;, dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljsf;, 

hg;xeflutfdf a[l4, ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, hg;ª\Vof lgoGq0f, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] 

;+/If0f, bfloTjsf] af]w, ;|f]tsf] plrt k|of]u, cfwf/e"t kIfx¿sf] ljsf;, ljsf;sf] ;Ldf 

lgwf{/0f cflbnfO{ ;Gbe{ ldnfP/ j0f{g u/]df % 

@! Psaf6 csf]{df ;g]{, hLjf0f'sf] sf/0f ;g]{, xfjf, vfgf, n;k;, 6f]sfO{af6 ;g]{, l5§} nfUg] % 

/ l5§} lgsf] x'g], Ifo/f]u, x}hf, /]ljh egL s'g} kfFr j6f ljz]iftf n]v]df 

@@ vfgfnfO{ cTolws gksfpg] 

% 

;fukft t/sf/L w]/} dl;gf] 6]qmf gkfg]{ 

t/sf/Lx¿ kvfn]/ dfq sf6\g] 

eftsf] df8 bfn / t/sf/Ldf xfNg] 

l3p t]nx¿ w]/} gttfpg] n]v]df jf o:t} cGo ldNg] n]v]df 

@# 

nfu'kbfy{ dflg;sf] :gfo" / dl:tisnfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf k|efj kf/L zf/Ll/s 

cª\ux¿ Hofb} lzlyn jf pQ]lht agfpF5 egL n]v]df 

n7\7 x'g] 

e'mDd x'g] 

b'3{6gfdf kg]{ 

jfsjfs nfu]/ jfGtf x'g] 

afFemf]kg jf lgM;Gtfg x'g] 

:d/0f zlQm sdhf]/ agfpg] jf o:t} cGo c;/x¿ n]v]df 

@$ :jf:Yo rf}sL, pk:jf:Yo rf|}sL, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, c:ktfn @ 

pQm ;]jfx¿ dWo] Pssf] 5f]6s/Ldf JofVof u/]df # 

@% z/L/nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ kf]if0feGbf sd jf a9L vfgf, nuftf/sf] pkof]uaf6 x'g] ! 

cj:yfnfO{ s'kf]if0f elgG5 egL n]v]df 

:jf:Yo ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf kx'Frsf] a[l4 

;Gt'lnt ef]hgsf] k|of]u 

;/;kmfOsf] plrt k|jGw 

´f8f kvfnf, cfpF, h'sf cflbsf] ;dod}+ pkrf/ ug]{ 

;ª\qmd0f /f]usf] af/]df hgr]tgf clej[l4 h:tf s'g} rf/ pkfo n]v]df 

$ 

! 

$ 

@ 

# 

SRE133

SRE-647 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s k|yd jftfj/0f lj1fg 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M # 306f k"0ff{ª\s M !)) 
















! ljleGg k|sf/sf af]6 lj?jfx? j]df};ddf x'sf{pg agfOPsf] sfFrsf] jf Knfli6ssf] 3/nfO{ xl/t u[x ! 

elgG5 . 

o;n] leqsf] tfkqmd al4 ug{ ;xof]u u5{ . # 

t'ngfTds ?kdf w]/} tfkqmd rflxg] lj?jfnfO{ x's{g ;xof]u ub{5 

o;n] tfkqmd tyf cfb|tfnfO{ lgoGq0f ub{5 . 

@ h}ljs OGwgsf] vktdf s6f}lt ! 

jfo'd08ndf cTolws xl/tu[x UofF;x/sf] k|j]z lgoGq0f ! 

a[Iff/f]k0f ! 

a}slNks phf{sf] k|of]u ! 

# k[YjLdf /x]sf] jfo'd08nsf] -statosphere_ txdf 19 km. b]lv 48 km. ;Dd km}lnPsf] txnfO{ cf]hg tx ! 

elgG5 egL n]v]df 

;"o{ / cGtl/Ifaf6 cfPsf] xflgsf/s ljls/0fnfO{ ;f];]/ lnG5 . # 

$ cf]hgtxdf Snf]/f]km\nf]/f] sfj{gaf6 lglSnPsf] Snf]l/g / cGo ljsL/0fn] cjz]if0f ubf{ of] gi6 x'g $ 

yfNb5, h;sf] sf/0fn] xflgsf/s ;"o{sf] ljsL/0fx? k[YjLdf l;w} k:b5g\ 

% ;"o{af6 cfPsf k/fj}hgL ljls/0fx?n] jfo'd08ndf km}lnPsf] Sn]f/f]km\nf]/f] sfj{gnfO{ 6'qm\ofp5g\ ! 

To;kl5 sfj{g, Snf]l/g, km\nf]l/g 5'6]/ :jtGq x'G5g\ ! 

Snf]l/gn] cf]hgnfO{ ljR5]bg u/L :jtGq clS;hg / cl:y/ clS;hg agfpF5 ! 

o;n] cf]hf]gnfO{ km'6fpg] / clS;hgsf\ efu eg] a9fpg] ub{5 , h;n] cf]hgtx kftlnb} hfG5 ! 

^ s'g} klg sfd ug{ ;Sg] ;fdfYo{nfO{ phf{ elgG5 . ! 

phf{sf k|sf/x? gljs/0fLo ;fy} jfo' phf{ / cgls/0fl0fo n]v]df 

gljs/0fLo phf{sf] pbfx/0f lbPdf 

cgljs/0fLo phf{sf] pko'Qm kl/efiff lbPdf 

cgljs/0fLo phf{sf] pbfx/0f lbPdf — -vlgh t]n, sf]Onf _ 

& ;f}o{ phf{ ! 

jfo' phf{ ! 

hnljB't ! 

vlgh t]n 

cflb s'g} rf/j6f ;|f]tx? 5f]6s/Ldf JofVof u/]df 

! 

)=% 

! 

)=% 

! 

1

SRE-647 

* af]6lj?jf tyf cGo hLjhGtx?af6 k|fKt x'g] phf{nfO{ h}ljs egL -kl/efiff lbPdf_ 

@ 

o;sf k|sf/x? , h:tf} M– bfp/f, uf]a/, s[lifhGo kbfy{x? cflb pNn]v x'g' kg]{ 

phf{ ;+s6 ( Energy crisis) 

@ 

phf{ ;|f]tx? -ljz]if u/L cgljs/0fLo phf{ _ sf] clws tyf unt / hyfefjL k|of]uaf6 lgDtg] 

phf{sf] cefjsf] l:ytL g} phf{ ;+s6 xf] . eGg] s'/fnfO{ aofg u/]df 

( dfgj :jf:Yo / hLj hGt'sf] :j:Yodf k|lts'n c;/ kfg]{ ls/0fx?nfO{ ljls/0f elgG5 . of] 

c:ktfndf -x-ray) d]l;gaf6 jf pBf]ux?df kmnfd j]lN8ªdf pTkfbg x'G5 . 

@ 

pbfx/0fx?M 

s_ PS; /] -x-ray) ! 

v_ k/fj}hgL ljls/0f - UV ray _ 

! 

jf cGo ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

!) ljiffSt kmf]x/d}nfsf k|lts'n c;/af/] hfgsf/L lng ! 

k|of]u ubf[ xf]lzof/l ckgfpg ! 

ljiffSt kmf]x/d}nf laqm]tf, k|of]ustf{ cflbnfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug{ ! 

jftfj/0fLo / dfgj :jf:ydf kg]{ hfgsf/L lng jf cGo ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df ! 

!! ljifSt kmf]x/d}nf hldgd'gL jf kfgLdf 3'n]/ /xG5 

o;n] ubf{ :ynLo / hnLo hLjx?sf] vfg, jf;:yfgnfO{ b"lift kf5{ ! 

lj?jfx?n] cfkm\gf h/fdfkm{t To:tf ljifSt lnG5g ! 

To:tf af]6lj?jfx? vfP/ kz'kG5Lx?df c;/ x'G5 ! 

hLj rqmdf afwf k'U5 jf cGo ldNg] u/L pQ/ n]v]df ! 

!@ ljleGg k|sf/sf hgfj/x?af6 dn k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 / s[lif pTkfbgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . $ 

v]tjf/L hf]Tg / v]tL nufpg uf]?, /fFuf h:tf hgfj/x? k|of]u ul/G5 . 

df;'hGo kz'kG5LnfO{ Joj;flos ?kdf kfn]/ Joj;flos s[lifsf] ljsf; ug{ 

ljleGg kz'x?nfO{ s[lif pkhx? cf];f/ k;f/ ug]{ sfddf k|of]u u/]/ 

jf cGo ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

!# kl/ro, jf;:yfg, cfxf/ / k|hgg cflb a'Fbfx? dWo] s'g} @ j6f a'Fbfx? kg]{ u/L lbOPsf] @ j6f $ 

hLjx?sf] af/]df JofVof u/]df 

!$ r/Laf3 M 

@ 

kl/ro jf jf;:yfgsf] af/]df n]v]df 

cfxf/ jf k|hgg\sf] af/]df n]v]df jf cGo ldNg] n]v]df 

s[i0f;f/ 

@ 

kl/ro jf jf;:yfgsf] af/]df n]v]df 

cfxf/f jf k|hgg\sf] af/]df n]v]df jf cGo dxŒjx? cflb ldNg] n]v]df 

!% dflg;n] k|fs[lt jftfj/0fnfO{ s'g} g s'g} ?kdf x:tIf]k ug'{ ! 

jg ljgf; h;n] jf;:yfg gfz x'G5 . 

# 

jg ljgf; h;n] cfxf/sf] cefj x'G5 . 

k|hgg\df afwf k'Ug] . 

jf cGo o:t} ldNg] sf/0f n]v]df 

!^ l;d;f/ If]qdf ePsf] h}ljs / ch}ljs j:t'x?sf] ;DaGw ! 

:yfoL jf c:yfoL kfgLsf ;|f]tx?, wfgv]t, kf]v/L, gbL, tfn cfbL 

pbfx/0f M h:t} gbL, kf]v/L, tfn cflb 

@ 

! 

!& gbL 

@ 

tfn 

kf]v/L 

wfk cflb pko'Qm s'g} rf/ n]v]df 

s'g} b'O{sf] af/]df 5f]6s/Ldf n]v]df 

@ 

2

!* vfgf 

jf;:yfg 

kfgL 

jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng h:tf s'g} rf/ pko'Qm a'Fbfx? cfPdf 

!( s[lifaf6 pTkfbg x'g] sRrf kbfy{af6 pBf]uwGbf ;~rfng ugf{n] k|z:t /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf l;h{gf 

/xG5 . 

s'v'/fkfng Joj;fo, b'Uw pTkfbg sfo{, t/sf/L v]tL, cflbaf6 klg /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'G5 . 

s[lif sfo{ h:t} M hldt tof/ ug]{, afnL lj?jf nufpg], uf]8d]n cflbdf dfgjLo zlQmsf] k|of]u 

x'gfn] /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|bfg u5{ . 

s[lifsf] ljsf;sf nflu kz'kfng Ps dxŒjk"0f{ If]q ePsf]n] o;af6 klg s[lifsf] ljsf; eO{ 

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|bfg u5{ . jf cGo s'g} ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

@) df6f]sf] ;+/rgf ljuf5{ . 

j/k/sf] hn;|f]tnfO{ k|b'lift u5{ / ;fy} e"ld k|b'lift u5{ . 

kfgLdf hLjgofkg ug]{ hLjx? k|efljt x'G5g\ . 

hldgsf] pj{/f zlQmdf qmlds x|f; b]vfk5{ / o;n] vfBfGg pTkfbgdf gsf/fTds c;/ kf5{ . jf 

@! 

cGo s'g} ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

/;folgs dn /f;folgs k|lts[ofaf6 

lgdf{0f ul/g] kl/efiff lbPdf h:t}, 

Urea 

k|fªufl/s dn lhjx?sf] cjz]ifaf6 tof/ ul/g] egL 

kl/efiff lbPdf h:t}M uf]a/dn 

jf cGo s'g} ldNg] pQ/ lbPdf 

/;folgs dn k|of]u ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ ljlwx?M 

/;folgs dnsf] af/]df k"0f{ hfgsf/L lng'k5{ . 

s;/L k|of]u ug]{ eGg] af/] k"0f{ hfgsf/L lng'k5{ . 

k|of]u ubf{ ;se/ k~hf, df:s cflb k|of]u ug'{k5{ . 

sltdfqfdf k|of]u ug]{ eGg] k"0f{ hfgsf/L lng'k5{ . jf cGo s'g} ldNg] pQ/ lbPdf 

@@ jftfj/0fsf] ljleGg kIfx? / :jf:Yosf] cfk;L ;DaGw b]vfp5 . 

jftfj/l0fo :jf:ytfsf] cWoog ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp5 . 

:jf:y ;]jfsf gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp5 . 

lju|bf] jftfj/0faf6 :jf:ydf kg]{ c;/x?af/] hfgsf/L u/fp5 . 

@# b'lift xfjfaf6 ?3fvf]sL, a|f]ªsfOl6; h:tf /f]ux? nfU5 . 

jfo" k|b'if0fn] ubf{ j/k/sf] :yfg b'lift / b'u{lGwt x'G5 . 

jfo' k|b'if0fn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g x'G5 . 

k|b'lift xfjfn] P]ltxfl;s Pj+ dxŒjk"0f{ d7dlGb/ cflbsf rdsnfO{ ljuf5{ eGg] h:tf c;/x? 

n]v]df 

@$ kl/efiff, sf/0fx?, c;/x? cflb af/]df pNn]v ePdf @ 

a}slNks phf{ ( Alternative energy) 

jftfj/0fdf k|lts'n c;/ ug]{ phf{ ;|f]t -ljz]if u/L cgljs/0fLo d}qL phf{ ;|f]t j}slNks phf{sf] 

pbfx/0f - ;f}o{, jfo', hnljB't cflb _ ePdf 

@ 

@% -s_ sfa{g8fOcS;fO{8 (CO 2 ) M of] k|d'v x/Ltu[x UofF; xf] . hLjfz]if phf{sf] a9\bf] k|of]u / 

agh+unsf] ljgf; g} CO 2 pT;h{gsf] k|d'v sf/0f xf] . k[YjLdf eO{/x]sf] x/Lt u[x k|efjdf o;sf] 

k|d'v e'ldsf 5 . 

o;} u/L c? tLg x/Ltu[x UofF;x? N20, CH4, H2O VAPOUR sf / ltgLx?sf] >f]tsf ;fy} c;/x? 

n]v]df 

sfj{g8fO{cS;fO{, ldy]g, CO2, NOx, SOx cflbnfO{ x/Ltu[x UofF; elgG5 . oL UofF;x?n] k[YjLnfO{ 

jl/kl/ 3]l//x]sf x'G5g\ / Pp6f txsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf x'G5g\ . ha oL UofF;x?sf] pT;h{g a9\b} hfG5 

Tof] tx jflSnb} hfG5 . o;sf sf/0f ;"o{af6 cfpg] k/fa}hgL ls/0fx? k[YjLdf k:g ;S5g t/ tL 

ls/0fx? k[YjLaf6 kms]{/ aflx/ hfg ;Sb}gg\ . o; sf/0f k[YjLsf] tfkqmd lj:tf/} a9\b} hfG5 egL 

JofVof u/]df 

$ 

$ 

$ 

@ 

@ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

# 

SRE-647 

3

@^ ljls/0fsf b'O{ >f]tx? 

c:ktfndf k|of]u ug]{ PS; /] d]l;g )+=% 

pBf]udf j]lN8ª k|lqmof )=% ! 

k|d'v tLg lsl;dx? 

kf/f]sf] of}lus )=% 

l;;f of}lus )=% 

cDn )=% 

!=% 

a0f{g u/]df 

s_ kf/f]sf of}lus Mkf/f] tTjsf ?kdf ;fwf/0f tfkqmddf rlDsnf] t/nsf ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] 

kf/f] lj:tf/} ck|fª\ul/s kf/f]df ablnG5 . h:t} ldyfOn ds{/L, cNsfOn ds{/L, o:tf kf/f]sf !+=% 

of}lusn] :jf:ydf c;/ ub{5 

v_ l;;f of}lus M 

l;;f cf}wf]lus ljiffn' k|b'if0f xf] . l;;f ;NkmfO8, sfaf]{g]6, Snf]/fO8 cflb ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 . 

Aof6«Ldf /fVg agfOg] tfdf tyf l6gsf Kn]6x? agfpbf klg wft'ut l;;f k|of]u x'G5 . ljleGg !+=% 

lsl;dsf /ª, lk8\d]G6, eg]{; cflbdf klg s]lx l;;f ld;fOPsf] x'G5 . 

u_ cDnM 

cDn pBf]uwGbf, k|of]uzfnf cflbdf k|of]u ul/G5 . logLx? lvof x6fpgsf] nflu pBf]ux?df k|of]u 

ul/G5 . h:t} xfO8«f]Snf]l/s cDn, qmf]lds cDn, gfOl6«s cDn cflb . logLx? :jf:Yosf nflu 

xfgLsf/s x'G5g\ . !=+% 

@& /f;folgs dnsf] a9L k|of]un] df6f]sf] ;+/rgfnfO{ ljuf5{ , 

$ 

e"ld k|b'lift x'G5 . 

df6f]sf] cDnLokg a9\5 . 

pj{/fzlQmdf x|f; cfpF5 . jf cGo s'g} ldNg] pQ/ lbPdf 

/;folgs dn k|of]u ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? o;k|sf/ 5g\ . 

# 

o;sf] k|of]u ubf{ k~hf, df:s cflbsf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . 

o;sf] k|of]un] jftfj/0fdf kg]{ c;/ yfxf x'g'k5{ . 

k|of]u ljlw / k|of]u ug]{ ljlw / dfqf Vofn ug'{k5{ . jf cGo s'g} ldNg] pQ/ lbPdf 

@* rf/ sf/0fx? -!_ rf]/L l;sf/L -@_ jg ljgf; -#_ k|b'if0f -$_dfgljo cltqmd0f @ 

;+/If0fsf pkfox? 

% 

jg, jftfj/0f P]g, b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf 

;+/lIft If]qsf] Joj:yfkg u/]/ - /fli6«o lgs'~h / pj{/ e"ld / pko'Qm jftfj/0f _ 

@( t/fO{ k|b]z s[lif pkhsf] nflu pko'Qm If]q ePsf] x'Fbf o;nfO{ cGgsf] e08f/ elgPsf] xf] eGg] cfzo # 

;lxt t/fO{sf] s[lif pTkfbgsf] af/]df j0f{g u/]df 

sf/0fx? M 

$ 

clwsf+; dflg;x? s[lif k]zfdf lge{/ 5g\ . 

w]/} pBf]ux? s[lifdf cfwfl/t 5g] 

g]kfnsf] lgof{t of]Uo j:t'x? s[lif If]qaf6 k|fKt x'G5g\ . 

ko{6g If]q ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u u5{ jf o:t} ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

#) jftfj/0fsf] xfjf, kfgL, hldg nufot kIfx?df k|lts'n kl/jt{g x'g'nfO{ k|b'if0f elgG5 . ! 

dflg;x?sf] ultljlwx?n] jftfj/0fsf] /;folgs, ef}lts Pjd\ h}ljs kIfx?df k|lts'n c;/ kf5{ @ 

. 

k|b'if0faf6 hlno, :ylno, kz' kG5L / af]6lj?jfx?nfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ kf5{ . 

k|b'lift kfgLdf /x]sf hLjf0f'x?n] x}hf, emf8fkvfnf h:tf /f]ux? nfU5 . 

$ 

k|b'lift kfgLdf /x]sf xflgsf/s /;fogn] :gfo' k|0ffnL, sn]hf] / d[uf}nfdf c;/ u5{ 

k|b'lift kfgLn] n'tf] h:tf] 5fnf;+u ;DalGwt /f]u nfU5 . 

ˆnf]l/g a9L ePsf] kfgL vfgfn] bfFt kx]Fnf] / sfnf] x'G5 cfbL 

SRE-647 

4

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s k|yd hg;ª\Vof lzIff 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M # 306f k"0ff{ª\s M !)), 


SRE-646 


pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f s'l~hsf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fsf] lglDt k/LIfsnfO{ ;fdfGo dfu{bz{g xf] . k/LIfsn] 

pQ/sf] z'4tf, :t/Lotf, jfSou7g, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, 

:ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / :t/Lo d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{ 5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} 

/xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ ;Dk/LIf0f ubf{ o;df lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/fx¿ 

clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 


k|To]s k|Zgsf] nflu k|bfg ul/Psf] cª\s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] aflx/L kfgfsf] tflnsfdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf 

r9fpg] . s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df n]vL x:tfIf/ ug]{, 


;Dk/LIfsn] k|To]s pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] of]u clgjfo{ ¿kdf hfFRg] / s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ 

b'j}df n]vL tf]lsPsf] 7fpFdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ . 

;Dk/LIfsn] s'g} k|Zgsf] cª\s yk36 ug'{kg]{ ePdf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ¿kdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ / 

s'nof]u cª\s / cIf/ b'j}df clgjfo{ ¿kdf n]Vg] . 


! kfl/jf/Ls lhjg lzIff Tof] z}lIfs k|lqmof xf], h;n] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] zf/Ll/s, @ 

dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds / g}lts ljsf;df ;xof]u u5{ egL n]v]df 

Psn, ;+o'Qm / j[xt kl/jf/ n]vL JofVof u/]df # 

@ ‣ cf/De cj:yf 

@=% 

‣ lj:tf/ cj:yf 

‣ afn lzIf0f cj:yf 

‣ ;Gtfgsf] hLjgofkg cj:yf 

‣ lj>fd cj:yf 

oL cj:yfx? n]vL s'g} Pssf] JofVof u/]df . 

@=% 

# ‣ dlxnfnfO{ cfod"ns lqmofsnfkx¿df k|ToIf ;xefuL / ;+nUgtf ug]{ . % 

‣ n}ËLs e]befj x6fpg] 

‣ dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg xs lbg] 

‣ k'?if;/x ;dfg cj;/ lbg] . 

‣ ;dfh sfdsf]nflu ;dfg Hofnf lbg] . 

oL jf cGo o:t} a'Fbf n]v]df ! c+ssf b/n] % c+s lbg] 

$ ‣ /utsf] gftf ePsf b'O{ ljkl/t lnË aLr hfgLhfgL ePsf] j}jflxs @ 

;DaGwnf{ xf8gftf ljjfx elgG5 egL n]v]df 

‣ xf8gftf s/0L dxndf n]lvP adf]lhd b08 ;hfo pNn]v u/]df 3 

1

% ‣ cfdfafa'sf] dGh'/Ldf k'?ifsf] pd]/ !* jif{ / dlxnfsf] pd] !^ jif{ dflgPsf] 

5 . 

‣ cfdfafa' jf ;+/Ifssf] dGh'/L j]u/ k'?ifsf] pd]/ @! jif{ dlxnfsf] pd]/ !* 

jif{ dflgPsf] 5 . 

‣ nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] aLr pd]/ @) jif{ eGbf km/s /fVg x'Fb}g cflb jf o:t} s'/f 

ldNbf] cGo a'Fbfx¿ n]vL pNn]v u/]df 

^ hg;ª\Vofsf] cfsf/df kl/jt{g, pd]/sf] agf]6df kl/jt{g b]z ljsf;df ;sf/fTds 

jf gsf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg] . lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, vfg]kfgL, 

/f]huf/L, ul/jL, jftfj/0f k|b"if0f h:tf ;d:of b]vfkg]{ egL n]v]df jf o:t} ldNg] 

pQ/ n]v]df 

& s'g} 7fpF, If]q, c~rn jf b]zs} hg;ª\Vofdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] o'jfo'jtLsf] ;+Vof a9L 

x'g] ljjfx ug{ k|f]T;flxt x'g], hg;+Vofdf PSsf;L kl/jt{g x'g], cfly{s, ;fdflhs, 

;fF:s[lts, wfld{s Pj+ jftfj/0fLo cj:yfdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ egL n]v]df jf o:t} 

ldNg] pQ/ n]vd]f k|To]s a'FbfnfO{ cfwf/dfgL ! c+ssf b/n] 

* ‣ o'jfo'jtL, lzlIft k'?if jf dlxnfsf] nflu ljs;sf sfo{ of]hgf th'{df 

ul/lbg] . 

‣ vfg]kfgL, oftfoft, ljh'nL vfBfGg nQfsk8fsf] Joj:yf 

‣ lzIff, :jf:Yo /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ldnfOlbg] . 

‣ s[lif, If]q jf cGo Joj;fo ug]{ cf}Bf]lus ;fgf, 7"nf] jf demf}nf pBf]ux¿sf] 

cj:yf ldnfpg] egL n]vdf jf cGo o:t} ldNg] a'Fbfx¿ n]v]df ! c+ssf 

b/n] % c+s lbg] 

( ‣ s'g} klg JolQm zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / ;fdflhs tj/n] k"0f{ tGb"?:t dfq geO{ 

k|hgg k|0ffnL / o;sf k|lqmofxdf ;d]t :j:y /x]sf] cj:yfnfO{ k|hgg 

:jf:Yo elgG5 egL n]v]df . 

‣ slt aRrf slt cGt/df hGdfpg], aRrfsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{ clwsf/ 

k|To]s bDkQLdf lglxt x'g] . 

‣ pRrtd of}g / k|hgg :jf:Yo kfpg] . 

‣ :jtGq of}g / k|hgg :jf:Yosf] lg0f{o lbg] . 

! 

) 

oL j'Fbfx¿ n]vdf # ×! 

‣ lgoldt dlxgfjf/Lsf] lbg uGtL ug{ sl7gfO{ x'g] . 

‣ dlxgfjf/L ePsf] lbg e'Ng' . 

‣ :vngsf] ;dodf lnË of]gL aflx/ lgsfNg c;dy{ x'g' . 

‣ r/d ;'v cj:yf gk'Ub} ljo{ :vlnt x'g' . 

cflb h:tf j'Fbfx¿ pNn]v u/L n]v]df 

!! ‣ k|efjsf/L / ;'/lIft 

‣ cfdfsf] b"w ;'sfpFb}g 

‣ Psk6s /fv]kl5 * b]lv !) jif{;Dd k|efjsf/L /xG5 

‣ sd vlr{nf] 

‣ (%Ü ;Dd k|efjsf/L 

oL jf o:t} a'Fbfx¿ n]v]df 

SRE-646 

% 

5 

5 

5 

2 

3 

5 

5 

2

!@ 

!# 

‣ x]kf6f] ;]n'n; hlG8; 

‣ lk|x]kfl6s hlG8; 

‣ kf]i6 x]kfl6s hlG8; 

‣ sn]hf] lju|]/ 

‣ x]kf6fOl6; P / lj sf] sf/0fn] 

‣ dgf]lkmj/ efO/;n] ubf{ 

‣ a9L /S;L ;]jgåf/f 

oL jf o:t} ldNg] $ a'Fbfx¿ n]v]df -)=%× $_Ö @ 

afn ljjfx 

SRE-646 

3 

2 

5 

wfld{s ljZjf; 

5f]/fsf] dxTj 

;fdflhs d"No 

/ clej[lQ 

;Gtfg O{Zj/sf] 

j/bfg 

kfl/jfl/s 9fFrf÷ 

;+/rgf 

gf/L lzIff / 

/f]huf/L 

k|hgg 

hg;+Vof 

c;/ 

of] k|m]d agfO{ JofVof u/]df 

!$ afnljjfx, 5f]/fsf] dxTj, ;Gtfg O{Zj/sf] j/bfg, kfl/jfl/s 9fFrf, gf/L lzIff / 

/f]huf/ h:tf a'Fbfx¿ ;dfj]z u/L JofVof u/]df 

!% 5f]/fnfO{ dxTj lbg] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k/Dk/fn] lgZro ?kd} hg;+Vof j[l4df 7"nf] 

d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 o;df b'Odt 5}g . lsgsL 5f]/f ePdf j+z wfGg], k};f a9L 

sdfpg], OHht dfg / zfg a9\g], s'n wfGg], a'9];sfn;Dd cfdfafa'sf] ;xf/f aGg] 

cflb jf o:t} cGo Jojxf/l/s ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

!^ ‣ jfGtf ePdf 

‣ tNnf] k]6 k'mn]df jf 7"nf] x'Fb} uPdf 

‣ dlxgfjf/L /f]lsPdf 

‣ cldnf] lk/f]df ?lr a9]df 

5 

5 

5 

3

SRE-646 

‣ :tgsf] cfsf/ 7"nf] / g/d x'Fb} uPdf 

oL jf o:t} cGo a'Fbfx¿ n]v]df 

!& ;dfhdf rlncfPsf] dfGotf, l/ltl/jfh, k/Dk/f cg';f/ lgjf{w ¿kdf of}g ;DaGw 5 

/fVg kfpg', hGd]sf] aRrfnfO{ j}wtf k|bfg ug'{ cflb jf o:t} cGo a'Fbfx¿ ;dfj]z 

u/L k|i6 JofVof u/]df . 

!* xfd|f] d'n's cfh;Dd k'?if k|wfgd} cfndlnPsf] kfOG5 . dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;|f]t 5 

kl/rfng ug{ k'?ifx¿ w]/} h;f] ljZjf; ub}{gg\ jf 8/fpF5g\ t/ dlxnfx¿ ;|f]tx¿ 

b]vfP/ pgLx¿nfO{ k"0f{ :jtGq lbg] xf] eg] k'?if ;/x cfTdlge{/ aGg ;S5g\ h;n] 

dlxnfx¿n] cfk"mnfO{ ;an / ;Ifd b]vfpg kl5 kb}{gg\ Toltdfq xf]Og pgLx¿ 

k'?ifx¿ ;/x ;a} If]qdf k|ult ug{ ;S5g\ egL n]v]df jf o:t} cGo ldNbf] pQ/ 

cfPdf . 

!( :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿sf] kx'Frdf sdL, ;/;kmfOdf sdL, kf]if0f -vfg]s'/fdf_ Joj:yfdf 5 

sdL x'g', k|hgg of]Uo pd]/ eGbf cl3 g} ue{wf/0ff ug'{ cflb jf o:t} s'g} @ j'Fbf 

n]vL ldNbf] hjfkm cfPdf 

@) sfj{g, xfO8«f]hg, clS;hgsf] ;+of]hgaf6 sfa|f]xfO8«]6; aG5 egL n]v]df 1 

sfa|f]xfO8«]6; kfOg] ;|f]tx¿, rfdn, ds}, ux'F, kmfk/, sf]bf], cfn', ;v/v08 jf cGo 2 

ldNg] ;|f]t pNn]v u/]df 

tL ;|f]tx¿sf]{ 5f]6s/Ldf j0f{g u/L n]v]df 2 

@! dlxnfx¿sf] lk5l8Psf] / sdhf]/ cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ u/L pgLx¿nfO{ x/]s kIfaf6 2 

;Ifd / ;'b[9 agfpg' g} dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f xf] egL n]v]df 

‣ k'?if / dlxnfaLrsf] c;dfgtf x6fpg' 

8 

‣ dlxnfx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/fpg' 

‣ /fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf tyf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;+nUg / ;xefuL u/fpg] 

‣ pTkfbg, /f]huf/L, cfod'ns, lqmofsnfk v]ns'b cflbdf ;xefuL u/fpg] . 

oL jf cGo a'Fbfx¿ n]vL JofVof u/]df 

@@ hGdg] aRrf / hGdfpg] cfdf ;'/lIft ePsf] cj:yf ;'/lIft dft[Tj xf] egL n]v]df 2 

Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿M 

8 

;'/lIft uef{j:yf, ;'/lIft k|zj, :j:y aRrf kfpg' tyf ;'/lIft dft[Tj;DaGwL 

ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{, lgoldt :jf:Yo kl/If0f, kf]if0f vfgf, ljleGg /f]usf] 

;'Ovf]k cflb jf o:t} s'/f Wofg lbg'k5{ egL n]v]df 

@# ;'Id kf]if0f tTj dfgj z/L/sf] nflu ge}gx'g] dxTjk"0f{ tTj xf] . h;sf] pkef]u 3 

dflg;x¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ rflxg] x'G5 cGoyf ljleGg /f]ux¿ nfUg ;S5 egL :ki6 

kf/]df jf To:t} cGo ldNg] n]v]df 

;'Id kf]if0f tTjsf] sdLn] nfUg] /f]ux¿ lgoGq0f ug{ rfNg'kg]{ sbdx¿ a'Fbfut 7 

¿kdf n]vL :ki6 j0f{g u/]df 

4

SRE-385 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s låtLo :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M # 306f k"0ff{ª\s M &% pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 


pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f s'l~hsf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0fsf] lglDt k/LIfsnfO{ ;fdfGo dfu{bz{g xf] . k/LIfsn] pQ/sf] z'4tf, :t/Lotf, 

jfSou7g, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, :ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / :t/Lo d"Nofª\sg 

ug{'kg]{ 5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} /xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ ;Dk/LIf0f 

ubf{ o;df lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/f clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 




pQL0ff{ª\ssf] glhs cª\s k|fKt ug]{ pQ/k'l:tsf k'gM k/LIf0f ug]{ . 






;d"x s 

k|Zg g+= pQ/ cª\s 

! cDnlkQ n]v]df 1 

@ /]gn k]lNe; n]v]df 1 

# k|fylds pkrf/ n]v]df 1 

$ ef}lts hf]lvd n]v]df 1 

% ;f9] kfFr jif{ 1 

^ lj=;+= @)$* n]v]df 1 

& v]n dgf]lj1fgn] JolQmsf] v]n;Fu ;DalGwt Jojxf/sf] cWoog ub{5 egL n]v]df 1 

* l/n] bf}8 1 

( @% cª\s 1 

!) nv]6\g] (Chasing) egL n]v]df cyjf (or) ef/t (India) egL n]v]df 1 

;d"x v 

!! cfdf;odf pTkfbg ePsf] xfO8«f]Snf]l/s Pl;8 / kfrg /;x¿ vfBgnLlt/ uO{ 

vfBgnLdf dl;gf 3fp agfpg], vf];|fpg] e} x'g] Inflammation n]v]df jf o:t} ldNg] 2 

pQ/ n]v]df 

:jf:Yo sdL{sf] ;Nnfxdf Pl;8 sd ug]{ cf}ifwL lng], ;'Tbf 6fpsf] kl§sf] efu prfn]/ 

;'Tg], ;'lt{, dlb/f, nfu' kbfy{ ;]jg gug]{, zf/Ll/s Jofofd lgoldt ug]{ h:tf s'g} # 

j6f pkfox¿ n]v]df k|To]ssf] ! cª\ssf b/n] 

3 

!@ xfO8«f]Snf]/Ls Pl;8sf] sf/0f cffdfzodf Iflt x'Fbf egL n]v]df 

1 

‣ Pl;8 lgoGq0f ug]{ cf}ifwL lng], 

‣ k|lt h}ljs cf}ifwL lng], 

‣ hyfeflj b'vfO{ sd ug]{ cf}ifwL k|of]u gug{] 

‣ k]6 vfnL g/fVg], 

‣ kfgL k|z:t lkpg] / lrGtfa6 d'Qm a:g] h:tf s'g} $ j6f a'Fbf n]v]df k|To]sf] ! 

cª\ssf b/n] 

4 

!# lrq n]v]df 

2 

‣ lduf}{nfn] cgfjZos kbfy{nfO{ /utaf6 5fg]/ x6fpF5, 

1

‣ z/L/sf] kfgLsf] dfqf ;Gt'lnt u5{, 

‣ nj0fsf] dfqf ;Gt'lnt /fV5, 

‣ z/L/sf] /Qmrfk lgoGq0f u5{ h:tf ldNg] vfnsf # j6f sfo{x¿ n]v]df 

!$ b'3{6gf kl5 8fS6/sf] ;]jf jf 3fOt]nfO{ Hofg arfpg] clek|fon] c:ktfnsf] ;]jf 

k'¥ofpg' cl3 36gf:yndf k|bfg ul/g] :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ k|fylds pkrf/ elgG5 . 

jf o:t} ldNg] pQ/ n]v]df 

‣ 36gf:yndf pknAw ;fdfgsf] k|of]u u/L k|fylds pkrf/ u/]/ Hofg hf]ufpg], 

‣ lj/fdLsf] cj:yf c¿ v/fa x'g glbg] 

‣ ;s];Dd l56f] 3fprf]6 lgsf] ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 

‣ pkrf/sf nflu :jf:Yo s]Gb|df k'¥ofpg] . jf o:t} ldNg] % j6f ldNg] p2]Zo 

n]v]df k|To]ssf] )=* cª\ssf b/n] 

!% nIf0fx¿M 

‣ ysfO nfU5, 

‣ 6fpsf] b'V5, 

‣ jfsjfsL nfU5, 

‣ z/L/ sdhf]/ x'G5, 

‣ ;f; k]mg{ sl7g x'G5, 

‣ gf8Lsf] ult a9\5 . cflb dWo] s'g} % j6f nIf0fx¿ jf cGo ldNg] pQ/ 

n]v]df k|To]ssf] )=% sf b/n] 

k|fylds pkrf/M 

‣ klxnf] r/0fsf] nIf0f b]v]df kbofqf Ps b'O{ lbgsf] nflu /f]Sg] . 

‣ zf/Ll/s cj:yf ;'wf/ gcfPdf tn cf]/fNg] ;fwf/0f tyf 300m-500m ;Dd tn 

cf]/fNg] . 

‣ cfjZos ePdf clS;hg lbg] . 

‣ tftf] k]o kbfy{ lkpg lbg] . 

‣ lj/fdLnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg] . 

‣ c:ktfn jf :jf:Yo s]Gb|df nfUg] cflbdWo] s'g} % j6f k|fylds pkrf/ n]v]df jf 

cGo ldNbf] pQ/ n]v]df k|To]s a'Fbfsf] )=% sf b/n] 

!^ k];fut :jf:Yo eg]sf] s'g} klg k];fdf ;+nUg k];fsdL{sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs 

:jf:Yosf] k|j4{g ug]{ lj1fg xf] egL n]v]df jf cGo ldNbf] pQ/ n]v]df 

k];fdf egf{ ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿M 

‣ ;DalGwt sfd ug{ ;Ifd 

‣ bL3{ /f]u gnfu]sf] 

‣ :j:y 

‣ k]zfut bvntf ePsf] egL n]v]df jf cGo ldNbf] pQ/ n]v]df k|To]s a'Fbfsf] 

! sf] b/n] 

!& æ;d'bfosf ;Dk"0f{ dflg;x¿sf] ljBdfg :jf:Yo cj:yfnfO{ ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo 

elgG5Æ 

‣ /f]uafxs ls/fx¿sf] lgoGq0f 

‣ s'kf]if0fsf] /f]syfd 

‣ k|hgg :jf:Yo 

‣ JolQmut :jf:Yo 

‣ nfu'kbfy{ b'Jo{;gsf] /f]syfd 

‣ kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIff 

‣ v]ns"b tyf dgf]/~hg 

‣ b'3{6gfsf] /f]syfd jf cGo cf7j6f ldNbf] If]q lbPdf )=% sf b/n] cª\s lbg] . 

!* ‣ v]ns'bsf] dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfx¿sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s tyf 

af}l4s ljsf; ug]{, 

3 

1 

4 

2.5 

2.5 

1 

4 

1 

4 

5 

SRE-385 

2

‣ cg'zfl;t gful/s tof/ ug]{, 

‣ v]ns'b ;DaGwL tflnd ;~rfng u/L ;a} lsl;dsf v]ns'b cfof]hgf ug]{, 

‣ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df x'g] v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnsf] pko'Qm ;xeflutf u/fpg 

cfjZos Joj:yf u/L v]ns'bsf] ljsf; ug{] . 

‣ /fli6«o v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ cfjZos tflnd Pj+ ;'ljwfsf] k|aGw ldnfpg] cflb h:tf 

pko'Qm % a'Fbfx¿ n]v]df cª\s lbg] . 

!( s_ kf}/fl0fs cf]nlDks v]n O=k"= &&^ b]lv ;'? ePsf] lyof] h'g !))) jif{;Dd 

rn]sf] lyof] . 

v_ cfw'lgs cf]nlDks v]nsf] ;'?jft k|mfG;sf ljåfg lj/f]g lk/] l8 So"jl6{gn] 

u_ 

u/]sf lyP . 

!*($ df So"jl6{gsf] cWoIftfdf cGt{/fli6«o cf]nlDks ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] 

lyof] . 

3_ k|yd cf]nlDks v]n O=;= !*(^ clk|n ^ df lu|;sf] Py]G;df ePsf] lyof] 

h;df !# /fi6«sf @*% hgf v]nf8Lx¿n] ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . 

ª_ k|To]s rf/–rf/ aif{sf] cGt/fndf of] v]nsf] cfof]hgf ul/G5 . 

cflb a'Fbfx¿nfO{ ;d]6L !) jfSodf j0f{g u/]df )=% sf b/n] 

@) v]n dgf]lj1fgsf] lrgf/L n]v]df 

-JolQmsf] v]n;Fu ;DalGwt Jojxf/sf] cWoog jf v]nf8Lsf] v]n st{[Tjsf] k|efjsf] 

cWoog v]n dgf]lj1fg xf] ._ 

dxŒjM 

s_ ljsf;fTds dgf]lj1fgsf] cWoognfO{ dbt ub{5 . 

v_ JolQmsf] v]n;Fusf] ?rL klxrfg ug{ dbt ub{5 . 

u_ v]n k|lzIf0f ljlwnfO{ ;xh agfpF5 , 

3_ v]nf8LnfO{ pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ dbt ub{5 . egL n]v]df ! cª\ssf b/n] 

@! dflg;x¿åf/f ul/g] k|fs[lts lqmofsnfkx¿ h:t}M lxF8\g', bu'g{', pk|mg', ôfSg', h:tf 

zf/Ll/s lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ PYn]l6S; elgG5 jf o:t} cGo ldNbf]h'Nbf] pQ/ n]v]df 

o;cGtu{t kg]{ lqmofsnfkx¿ lxF8\g', bf}8\g', pk|mg', ôfSg', cflb h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ 

kb{5g\ egL n]v]df jf o:t} ldNbf]h'Nbf] pQ/ n]v]df 

@@ elnan v]nM 

s_ elnan v]nsf] Pp6f l6ddf a9Ldf !@ hgf v]nf8L x'G5g\ . k|To]s l6ddf Ps 

;dodf ^ hgf eGbf a9L v]n8Lx¿ v]Ng kfOb}g . 

v_ 6; lhTg] ;d"xnfO{ ;le{; cyf sf]6{ 5fGg] cj;/ lbg'kb{5 . 

u_ v]nf8Lx¿ :yfkgGg ubf{ sKtfg jf k|lzIfsn] klxn] ;xfos lg0ff{osnfO{ ;"rgf 

lbP/ dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . 

3_ ;le{;ubf{ k|To]s ;d"xsf v]nf8Lx¿ cf–cfˆgf] :yfgdf plePsf] x'g'kb{5 . 

ª_ 

;le{; ubf{ hfnLnfO{ 5f]P/ uPsf] ;le{; dfGo x'G5 t/ PlG6gfdf nfUbf unt 

x'G5 . o:t} cGo ldNbf lgodx¿ n]v]df k|To]ssf] ! cª\ssf b/n] 

cyjf 

lqms]6M 

s_ lqms]6 v]nsf] v]n d}bfg c08fsf/ x'G5 . 

v_ v]n d}bfgsf] aLrdf @)=!@ dL×#=)%dL= sf] lkr /x]sf] x'G5 . 

u_ lkrsf] b'j}tk{m tLg yl/sf lqmhx¿ x'G5g\ . 

3_ &!=!@ ;]=dL= kg]{ u/L lkrsf] b'j}tk{m :6Dk; ufl8G5 . 

ª_ 

PDkfo/n] b'j} ;d"xsf !! hgf v]nf8Lx¿sf] gfd kfO;s]kl5 SofK6]gx¿nfO{ 

afnfO{ 6; ub{5 . 

o;}u/L ljBfyL{x¿n] :yfgfkGg / /g/, PDkfo/, :sf]//, an , /g Jfo6, lkr, 

ljs]6, Olgª\;, gf] an, jfO8 an, jfO PG8 n]ujfO cflbsf] ldNbf] s'/fx¿ 

n]v]df ! sf] ! cª\ssf b/n] k|bfg ug]{ . 

5 

1 

4 

3 

2 

SRE-385 

3

5,18 m 

@# lrqnfO{ @ cª\s / gfdfª\sg # cª\s k|bfg ug{ 

1.95 m .76 m 

5 

SRE-385 

6.10 m 

.46 m 

cyjf 

‣ vf] vf] v]ndf vf] lbg] cEof; ug{sf nflu cf7hgf ;fyLx¿ vf] vf] d}bfg df 

cfˆgf] cfˆgf] ju{df lgodfg';f/ /xg' kb{5 eGg] n]v]df 

‣ * hgf eGbf cGo ;fyL Ps 5]pdf tfFtL agfO{ a:b5g\ . ;'?sf] tfFtLsf] ;fyL 

bf}8]/ uO{ kf]i6 glhs} ;fyLnfO{ vf] lbg] u5{ / cfk'm pQm ju{df a:5 eGg] nv]df 

‣ vf] kfpg] ;fyLn] k]ml/ glhssf] ;fyLnfO{ cnL{ vf] lbG5 / of] vf] lbg] qmd 

rln/xG5 ha cf7f}+ ju{sf] ;fyLn] vf] kfpF5 ta pm p7]/ kf]nnfO{ ;dfO{ 3'Dg' k5{ 

eGg] n]v]df 

‣ To; kl5 bf}8]/ cfO{ tfFtLdf a:g] / v]nnfO{ k6sk6s lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cEof; 

u/fpg] eGg] n]v]df 

‣ ;fwf/0f, cln{, k]ms, n]6 vf]dWo] s'g} Pssf] JofVof u/]df 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4

SRE - 334 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s låtLo sDKo"6/ lj1fg 

;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6 k"0ff{ª\s M %), pQL0ff{ª\s M !^ 















1a Group of two or more than two interconnected computers. 1 

Share the resources or consists of server and clients or (other satisfactory answer) 1 

E-mail is electronic mailing system. It is one of the services of the internet. 

2 

1b or (other satisfactory answer) eg. slc@gmail.com or any other valid email ID) 

1c ‣ to provide interactive teaching and learning process. 

‣ easy to understand using visual aids 

1 

1 

or (other satisfactory answer) 

Protecting hardware resources from power fluctuations or power failure or mishandling is called 2 

1d hardware security. 

or 

(other satisfactory answer) 

Computer virus is a program that brings malfunction of normal functioning of computer system. It 2 

1e possesses self replicating, hidden and self executing properties. 

or 

(any other satisfactory answer) 

2 a (10101000) 2 1 

(11) 10 1 

2b 11000 1 

10010 1 

3 (a) LAN (c) Within room 

(b) MAN (a) Within city 

(c) UPS (d) Power supply 

(d) IPX/SPX (b) Protocol 

(0.5 mark for each correct matching) 

4a satellite 0.5 

Defragmentation 0.5 

4b 

4c Telnet 0.5 

NAV 0.5 

4d 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

1

SRE - 334 

5a Bandwidth 0.5 

5b Star topology 0.5 

5c Macro Virus 0.5 

5d Cyber Ethics 0.5 

6 bps - bits per second 

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network 

FTP - File Transfer Protocol 

URL - Uniform Resource Locator 

7a 

A database is an organized collection of related information that can be accessed for multiple 

purposes. 

(provide 2 marks for similar or other satisfactory answer. Award 1 mark for partially correct 

answer) 

7b Salary: Currency, date of birth: Date/Time 

1 Mark for each correct types 

7c A query is an object of MS-Access that retrieves or updates data or used for calculation. 

(provide 2 marks for similar other satisfactory answer and award 1 marks for partial correct 

answer) 

8a (iv) 255 

(0.5 mark for correct answer) 

8b (iv) Text 


8c (iv) Both (i) & (ii) 


8d (ii) Update 


9 (a) Indexing data (d) Fast searching 

(b) Long text (c) Memo field 

(c) FoxPro (b) DBMS 

(d) Query (a) Retrieves data 

(0.5 mark for each correct matching) 

10a 

10b 

10c 

‣ Sub procedure 

‣ Function procedure 

Q-basic supports structure programming with sub and function procedure but C language 

supports only function procedure. 

‣ The kill command deletes the file from the mentioned drive and directory or 

path 

‣ The RMDIR command used to remove or erase only sub directory which is 

empty. 

11 Rem to display the contents of a data file 

OPEN "MARKS.DAT" for INPUT AS #1 

CLS 

WHILE NOT EOF (1) 

INPUT#1, Name$, Age, Add$ 

PRINT Name$, Age, Add$ 

WEND 

CLOSE # 1 

END 

(Award 1/2 mark for each correct item) 

12 The output of the above program will be: 

The area = 50 

2 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

2 

2 

2 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

1 

1 

1 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

2

SRE - 334 

(Award 2 marks for the correct answer and 1/2 marks for incomplete answer) 

13a Variables used in the above program are: 

P, A, B, C, X, Y, Z, T 

(Award 1 mark for correct answer) 

13b When above program is executed, 3 times sub-procedure will be called. 

(Award 1 mark for correct answer) 

14a Declare function SAS (l, b, h) 

CLS 

INPUT "ENTER the length :::"; L 

INPUT "ENTER the breadth:::"; b 

INPUT "ENTER the height:::"; h 

Area = SAS (l, b, h) 

print "The surface area of space"; Area 

END 

Function SAS (l, b, h) 

SAS = 2 * (l*h + b*h + l*b) 

END Function 

or 

(Any other correct program 

14b DECLARE SUB GREAT (A, B, C) 

INPUT "Enter 3 NUMBers"; X, Y, Z 

CALL GREAt (X, Y, Z) 

END 

SUB GREAT (A, B, C) 

IF A>B AND A>C THEN 

G = A 

ELSEIF B>A AND B>C THEN 

G = B 

ELSE 

G = C 

END IF 

PRINT "Greatest Number="; G 

END SUB 

(Award 3 marks for correct or alternative correct answer or 1.5 marks for partially correct 

answer) 

CLS 

14c OPEN "Employee.dat" FOR INPUT AS 7 

DO WHILE NOT EOF (7) 

INPUT 7, en$, d$, ap$, S 

IF S>5000 then 

PRINT en$, d$, ap$, S 

END IF 

LOOP 

CLOSE 7 

END 

Note: Any other correct program 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

3


( ) 

i 

( ) 

( ) 

ii 

SRE-331 

MARKING SCHEME 

2068 

ITEM – 1(a) 

1 

1 

331 


( ) ( ) and 

ITEM – 1(b) 

1 

Remainder (R)=10 

i.e. ( ) 

or, ( ) ( ) ( )( ) 

or, 

or, 

1 


ITEM – 2(a) 

( ) 

( ) 

1 

1 


ITEM – 2(b) 

[ ] [ ] * + 

[ ] * + 1 

1 


ITEM – 3A 

1

* + * + 

* + 

| | | | 

1 

1 

331 


Slope of 

Slope of 


Comparing 

is 

is 

ITEM – 3(b) 

ITEM – 4(a) 

and 

1 

1 

1 

For perpendicular 

or, ( ) 

or, , which is true 

Hence the results. 

ITEM – 4(b) 


equation of the circle is 

( ) ( ) 

1 

( ) ( ) 

1 

1 


( ) 

ITEM – 5A 

1 

√ 

√ 

1 

√ 

Marking Scheeme 

ITEM – 5(b) 

⁄ 

1 

( ⁄ ) 

⁄ 

1 

ITEM – 6(a) 

2


331 

1 

1 

Marking scheme 

√ 

√ 

ITEM – 6(b) 

ITEM – 7(a) 


let, ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 

Now, since, ⃗ and ⃗ are perpendicular to each other, 

then, we have 

⃗ ⃗ 

( ⃗ ⃗) ( ⃗ ⃗) 

1 

1 

1 

1 

ITEM – 7(b) 


⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 

ratio ( ) 1 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

⃗ 

⃗ 

⃗ 

⃗ 

1 


ITEM – 8(a) 

* + 

1 

( ) → ( ) 1 


Taking object point ( 

* + * + * + 

ITEM – 8(b) 

) and expressing in matrix multiplication 

Identifying( ) ( ) 1 

1 

3

and determination of transformation as reflection is 

ITEM – 9 


( ) 

let ( ) 

Interchanging the place of a and y , 

1 

331 

( ) 

1 

( ) ( ) ( ) 

1 

( )( ) 

Either, 

or, 

1 


let ( ) 

When then 

( ) 

( ) is the factor of ( ) 

ITEM – 10 

1 

Now, using synthetic division to get other factors. 

) ( 

( ) ( )( ) 

( )( )( ) 

Since, ( ) 

( )( )( ) 

| 

………….(i) 

………….(ii) 

1 

1 

1 

………….(iii) 

4

331 

Ans 


( ) 

……..(1) 

( ) 

……….(12) 

from ( ) and ( ) 

ITEM – 11 

1 

1 

putting d =3 in eq (1) 

( ) 

1 


Given equation is =0 

ITEM – 12 

let 

so, 

1 

table for 

x 0 1 -1 2 -2 

y 0 3 3 12 12 

Table for 

x 0 -1 -2 -3 

1 

y -2 3 8 13 

for graph: 1 

conclusion : 

here the parabola and the straight line intersect at point 

1 

( ) ( ) so the requird solutions are 

ITEM-13 


(i) The given equation is matrix form is : 

* + * + = * + 

i.e. = B, where * + * + and * + 

1 

| | * + #0 

(ii) Working out 

– 

= * + 

⁄ 

– ⁄ 

1 

(iii) Expressing in the form 

– 

[– ⁄ ⁄ ] 

5

* + 

= * + 

⁄ 

– ⁄ 

[– ⁄ ⁄ ] 

* + 

(iv) Find out the correct values of x and y 

x= 3 

y = 4 1 

1 

331 


(i) 

ITEM_14 

i.e. slope ( ) 1 

(ii) Slope of parallel line 1 

(iii) ( ) 1 

(iv) 

Required equation is 1 

ITEM-15 


(i) Given that general equation of 1 st degree are 

a 1 x + b 1 y+c 1 = 0 -----------------(i) 

a 2 x+b 2 y+c 2 = 0 -----------------(ii) 

Equation passing through the origin and parallel to the lines 

(i) and (ii) are 

(a 1 x + b 1 y = 0 --------(iii) 

a 2 x+b 2 y = 0------- (iv) respectively 1 

(ii) Multiplying equation (iii) and (iv) 

(a 1 x+ b 1 y) (a 2 x + b 2 y) = 0 --------(v) 

a 1 a 2 x 2 + a 1 b 2 xy + a 2 b 1 xy+ b 1 b 2 y 2 =0 1 


(iii) a 1 a 2 x 2 ( a 1 b 2 + a 2 b 1 ) xy + b 1 b 2 y 2 =0 

Substituting a 1 a 2 = a b 1 b 2 = b and 

( a 1 b 2 + a 2 b 1 ) = 2h in above equation 1 

(iv) ax 2 + 2xy + by 2 = 0 

Which represent the homogeneous equation of second degree 

ITEM –16 

1 

i 

Finding the center of circle from the given points and equations 

…………(i) 

………(ii) 

1 

ii ( ) ( ) 1 

iii 

iv 

calculating the exact radius 

( ) 

√ 

Equation of required circle 

ITEM-17 

1 

1 

6

Marking scheme: 

(i) L.H.S. = √ ( 

= - 

= 

(ii) = 

( 

√ 

√ 

√ 

1 

1 

331 

= 

(iii) 

= 

(iv) = 

( ) 

( ) 1 


(N.B. : Give full marks for alternative correct method) 

ITEM-18 

1 

1 

( ) ( ) 

L.H.S = 

1 

( ) ( ) 

* ( ) ( )+ 1 


(i) ( ) 

(ii) ( ) ) – ) 

Proved. 

ITEM-19 

(iii) – 

1 

(iv) 

, , 

1 

1 

1 

1 


correct figure and sorting of information 

elevation from C 

elevation from D 

ITEM – 20 

A 

1 

Finding ( ) 1 

B 

4 

C 

D 

7

331 

or, √ 

or, 

√ 

( ) 

√ 

(√ )=43.92m 

1 

1 

8


Let ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 

O is the centre of the circle. 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ 

is an angle formed in a semi circle 

to prove : 

In 

In 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

⃗ ⃗ 

( ⃗ ⃗) 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

( ⃗ ⃗) 

Now, 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ⃗ ⃗) ( ⃗ ⃗) 


(( ⃗) ( ⃗) ) 

ITEM – 21 

1 

( ) 

Here, 

then, 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ) 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

ACB=90 o 

Since, the dot product is zero, the two vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are 

perpendicular. 

ITEM-22 


(i) 

( ) ( ) 

1 

( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) 

(ii) 

( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) 1 

( ) ( ) 

(iii) Accurate graphing (Reflection in x – axis) 1 

(iv) Accurate graphing (Reflection in y = 2) 1 

(i) * + * + 

(ii) * + 

(iii) * + 

ITEM_23 

(iv) Required image ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 

A 

⃗ 

C 

O 

⃗ 

⃗ 

B 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

331 

NB : Give relevant marks for alternative method. 

ITEM – 25 

9


331 

height 

(X) 

140 

148 

150 

155 

158 

165 

169 

-15 

-7 

-5 

0 

3 

10 

14 

∑ ∑ ∑ 

255 

49 

25 

0 

9 

100 

196 

1 

Mean ( ) 

∑ 

1 

Finding d 2 

Standard Deviation ( ) 

√ ∑ 

√ 

1 

√ 

Coefficient of variation 

1 

10

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s låtLo lzIff 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M @ 306f !% ldg]6 

k"0ff{ª\s M &% 

k/LIfs / ;Dk/LIfsx?nfO{ lgb]{zg M pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 

SRE-306 














k|Zg 

pQ/x? -;d"x–s_ 

cª\s 

g+= 

! clgoldt lzIff ! 

@ 5f]6f] ;dofjlw jf sIff lzIf0f kl5 k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zo jf o:t} pQ/ cfPdf ! 

# of]hgfa4 / j}1flgs 9+un] klxn] g} k|Zg lgdf{0f tyf e08f/0f ul/Psf] jf o:t} pQ/ cfPdf ! 

$ jfrgfnodf ToxL cWoog ul/g] t/ k':tsfnodf 3/df k':ts nlu k9\g ;lsg] ! 

% ljBfnosf] z}lIfs, ef}lts, cfly{s, Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 lgld{t ! 

of]hgf 

k|Zg 

pQ/x? -;d"x–v_ 

cª\s 

^ 

& 

g+= 

cf}krfl/s lzIffsf s'g} % cf]6f ;xL ljz]iftf pNn]v u/]df k|lt ljz]iftf ! cª\ssf b/n] lbg] 

a'Fbfx¿ 

– k"j{ lgwf{l/t lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu lgodk"j{s lbOg] lzIff 

– ljBfno, ljZjljBfno jf cGo z}lIfs ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] lzIff 

– k"j{ lgwf{l/t of]hgfcg'¿k lglZrt p2]Zo, kf7\oqmd, lzIf0f ljlw, ;do / :yfgdf lgoldt 

¿kaf6 lzIff cfbfgk|bfg x'g] 

– tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ePsf] lzIf0f k|lqmofaf6 k|fKt 1fg / ;Lksf cfwf/df k|df0fkq lbOg] 

– z}lIfs of]Uotf a[l4 ug]{ lzIff . 

cGo o:t} pko'Qm ljz]iftf pNn]v u/]df :t/ x]/L cª\s k|bfg ug]{ . 

g]kfn /fli6«o lzIff of]hgf cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)!! n] k|fylds lzIffsf p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ 

l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . 

!=efiff / ul0ftsf] cltl/Qm ;+rf/sf cfjZos ;Lk / Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ . 

@= gful/s Ifdtf, lhDd]jf/L, ;xof]usf] wf/0fsf] ljsf; u/L /fli6«otf / k|hftGqk|ltsf] ;Ddfg 

#=cfly{s Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ 

$=;f}Gbof{Tds tyf JolQmut Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ 

%=a|Dxf08sf] j[xt ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf; / 

^=km';{bsf] ;dosf] l;h{gfTds pkof]u ug]{ 

pk/f]Qm h:tf s'g} % j6f p2]Zox? n]v]df 

% 

%

* j+zf0f'ut u'0f / uef{j:yfsf] jftfj/0f egL JofVof u/]df k|To]snfO{ @=% sf b/n] c+s k|bfg ug]{ . % 

( ljBfno k|j]z eGbf Ps jif{ cl3sf] tx n]v]df ! 

;/;kmfO,;'/Iff;DaGwL jfgL j;fNg, lzi6frf/ ug{ k|]l/t ug{ , k|fylds lzIffsf nflu k"jf{wf/ $ 

ljsf; u/fpg] cflb n]v]df 

!) cfw'lgs lzIf0f k|ljlwsf] dxTj kfFr a'Fbfdf pNn]v u/]df 

% 

a'Fbfx? 

lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmofdf cTofw'lgs pks/0f, oGq, ljlw / k4ltsf] k|of]u ug{ l;sfpg] . 

lzIf0f l;sfO k|lqmofdf snf / lj1fg b'j}nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] . 

lzIf0f l;sfOnfO{ ;xh, ;/n / ;'ud agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . 

l;sfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{, l;sf?nfO{ clek|]l/t ug]{ / l;sf?nfO{ l;sfO{df ;lqmotfk"j{s ;+nUg 

u/fpg] . 

lzIf0f l;sfOsf qmddf cfpg] z}Ifl0fs ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . 

lzIf0f / l;sfOaLr /fd|f] ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ lzIf0fl;sfO{df j}1flgs / cfw'lgs l;4fGtx? 

k|of]udf Nofpg] . 

cGo o:t} pko'Qm a'Fbf n]v]df klg pQ/sf] :t/ x]/L gDa/ lbg] . 

!! ;fd'bflos ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df, ;/;kmfO / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f sfo{df, a[Iff/f]k0f / ag 

;+/If0f sfo{df, k'/ftflTjs j:t', :df/s cflbsf] ;+/If0f, vfg]kfgLsf] ;/;kmfO / ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f 

cyjf o:t} ldNg] n]v]df k|To]ssf] Ps c+ssf] b/n] c+s lbg] 

cyjf 

c;n lzIfsdf x'g] % j6f u'0fx¿ n]vL s'g} Pssf] j0f{g u/]df – @=% ± @=% Ö % cª\s lbg] 

% 

!@ glthfaf]w, k|lt:kwf{ / ;xof]u, pTk|]/s, ;jnLs/0f, ljBfnosf lqmofsnfk n]v]df 

)=%x % =@=% c+s lbg] 

s'g} Pssf] j0f{g u/]df @=% c+s lbg] 

!# k|f=lj= sf] dfq n]v]df @ 

lg=df=lj= / df=lj= n]v]df # 

tfnLdsf] gfd cjwL rqm tflnd lbg] ;+:yf tl/sf 

k|=c tflnd -k|f=lj=_ ! dlxg] ! NCED cfdg] ;fdg] 

k|=c tflnd -lg=df=lj=, df=lj=_ ! dlxg] ! NCED cfdg] ;fdg] 

!$ – ljBfyL{x? sIffdf /dfpg] 

– lzIf0f l;sfOdf cg's'n x'g] 

– ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAwdf 7"nf] ;3fp k'Ug] 

– sIff 5f]8\g] b/ 36\g] 

– ljBfno / ;d'bfoaLr 3lgi6 ;DaGw /xg], n]v]df jf oL / o:t} cfzo cfpg] pQ/ n]v]df 

k|To]ssf] ! c+ssf b/n] % c+s lbg] 

!% If]=lz=lg=n] ug]{ s'g} % sfo{ n]v]df 

% 

cfˆgf] If]q cGtu{t z}lIfs of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{, 

If]q leqsf p=df=lj= :t/sf lzIf0f ;+:yf ;d]tsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{, 

lzIffsf] :t/ a[l4 ug{ tflnd, ;]ldgf/ cfof]hgf ug]{ 

lh=lz=c= sf] sfdsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{, 

;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L z}lIfs of]hgfx?sf] lg/LIf0f tyf ;dGjo ug]{ cflb jf o:t} kf=k'=df 

ePsf a'Fbf n]v]df 

cyjf 

lh=lz=sf= n]v]df ! 

lh=lz=sf=n] ug]{ s'g} $ sfo{ n]v]df 

lzIff ;DaGwL lhNnf lzIff of]hgf agfO{ kfl/t u/fpg], 

cfˆgf] lhNnf leqsf ljBfnosf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ 

lhNnf leqsf] ljBfnosf] tYofÍ If]=lz=lg=, ljefudf k7fpg], 

lzIfsx?sf] gf]s/L ljj/0f tyf clen]v /fVg], 

P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] cflb jf o:t} kf=k'=df ePsf cGo sfo{x? n]v]df 

$ 

SRE-306 

% 

%

k|Zg 

g+= 

!^ 

!& 

pQ/x? -;d"x–u_ 

s'g} Ps kf7sf] cWofkgsf] cGTodf ljBfyL{x?n] xfl;n ug]{ l;sfO pknlAw cflb nufot o:t} 

cfzo a'emfpg] s'/f n]v]df 

dxTjM 

– k|efjsf/L lzIf0f ug{ 

– kf7\oqmdn] tf]s]sf] l;sfO{ pknlAw xfl;n ug{ 

– lzIfsnfO{ dfu{ lgb]{zg ug{ 

– lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfknfO{ p2]Zo cg's'n agfpg cflb h:tf s'/fx? jf o:t} cf;o 

a'emfpg] s'/f n]vL j0f{g u/]df 

– kf7sf] cGTodf ;f]lwg] k|Zgx? 

– u[xsfo{ 

– sIff sfo{÷ lqmofsnfk 

– cjnf]sg cflb 

dfly rf/ pkfox? n]v]df )=% sf b/n] @ cs 

dflysf ;a} a'Fbfsf] af/]df JofVof u/]df Pp6fsf] @ sf b/n] * c+s lbg] . 

SRE-306 

cª\s 

@ 

* 

!)

;do M @ 306f !% ldg]6 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s låtLo s[lif lzIff 

k"0ff{ª\s M &% 

pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 

SRE-302 















! Psxf]/f] jfnL k|0ffnL ! 

@ zt k|ltzt -!))% _ ! 

# bL3{sfnLg C0f ! 

$ ds} jfnLsf] ! 

% h}ljs lgoGq0f ! 

^ ;3g v]tLsf] kl/efiff n]v]df – ! c+s ! 

jif{e/Ldf sfd kfpg], 

df6f]sf] ef}lts u'0f a[l4 x'g], 

v]tsf] pTkfbsTjdf a[l4, cfly{s cj:yfdf a[l4 

h:tf s'/fx? n]v]df ! a'Fbfsf] ! c+ssf b/n] $ c+s 

& ux'F, tf]/L, d;'/f], cfn', s]/fpm, rgf, ds}, /x/, 

t/sf/Lx? M sfpnL, d'nf, aGbf, uf]ne]8f_ 

k|To]ssf] )=% c+ssf b/n] – % c+s 

* jLpsf] gd"gf !)) /fgf lng], afn'jfdf kfgL /fvL tsf{pg] jLpnfO{ nfOgdf /fvL xNsf 

?kdf b'O{ OGr hlr 5f]kL lbg], a]nf a]nf xNsf kfgL lbg], pd|]sf a]gf{sf] u0fgf cflb 

n]v]df 

( qm]tf Pj+ ljqm]tfåf/f s[lifhGo a:t'x?sf] cfbfg k|bfg, d"No cfk"lt{, / dfunfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{, 

d"No lgwf{/0f, s[ifsnfO{ s[lif pTkfbgdf ;xefuL u/fpg], snsf/vfgfnfO{ sRrf kbfy{ 

pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] h:tf % j6f a'Fbfx? pNn]v u/]df 

!) s[lif pTkfbgsf] a[l4n] hLjgdf ;'wf/, a9L cGg pTkfbgn] ;'ky d'Nodf pknAw cy{tGq % 

$ 

% 

1

alnof] x'g], s[lif of]Uo e"ldsf] clwstd\ k|of]u, b]zsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; ug{df ;xof]u, 

pBf]usf] nflu sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg a9fpg, /f]huf/sf] cj;/ k|bfg ug{, pGgt jfnL ljsf; 

x'g] h:tf a'Fbfx? pNn]v u/]df – % c+s 

!! emf/kftsf] /f]syfd, ls/f tyf /f]usf] /f]syfd tyf pkrf/x? pbfx/0f ;lxt pNn]v u/]df – % 

!@ a]df};ddf klg lu|g xfp;, Unf; xfp; / Knfli6s xfp;sf] k|of]u u/L ljleGg xfjfkfgLdf 

nufOg] j]df};ddf t/sf/L pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|lts"n cj:yfaf6 jfnLnfO{ arfpgsf] 

nflu ljz]if 3/x? . 

h:t} M Knfli6s 3/, Knfli6s 6g]n, P]gf3/, lx6/, l;+rfO{ cflbsf] cj:yf u/L k|lts"n 

;dodf klg t/sf/L pTkfbg ul/ a9L cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsG5 . elg j0f{g u/]df % c+s 

% 

!# – hLjf0f' ljpsf] aflx/L / cfGtl/s efudf ;'if'Ktf cj:yf 

% 

– cg's'n jftfj/0fdf a[l5 ljsf; eO{ af]6nfO{ /f]uL ====== 

– kmdf{lng, l6=Pd=6L=8L= sk/ sfjf]{g]6, sfK6g, Pu|f];g, ;]/f];g cflb ljifflbåf/f 

pkrf/ u/]df 

– aLpsf] leqL efudf ePsf hLjf0f'nfO{ gi6 ug]{ 

– 3fddf /fd|/L ;'sfpg] 

cflb o:t} cfzo n]v]df k|To]ssf] ! c+ssf b/n] – % c+s 

!$ – 3'lDtafnL rqm lgoldt 

% 

– emf/kft pd|g] ;do 5nL afnfgfnL nufPdf 

– Psb]lv csf]{ af]6;Ddsf] b'/L 36fO{ nufPdf 

– k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ lsl;dsf afnLgfnL nufPdf 

– uf]8d]n / vghf]t /fd|/L u/]df . 

cflb o:t}] a'Fbfsf] j0f{g u/]df ! c+ssf b/n] – % c+s 

!% – ul/jL x6fpg 

% 

– ls/f, /f]usf] /f]syfd 

– dnhnsf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf 

– s'g ;dodf s'g afnL nufpg] 

– gofF s[lifsf] k|rf/ . 

cflb o:t} a'Fbfx? n]v]df k|lt a'Fbfsf] ! c+ssf b/n] – % c+s 

!^ dnvfb M 

l;l~rt If]qsf] nflu - N 100 kg P 30 kg K 30 kg /ha 

cl;l~rt If]qsf] nflu - N 60 kg P 20 kg K 20 kg /ha 

l;+rfO{ M 

/f]kfOF u/]b]lv wfg gkfs'Gh]n;Dd v]tdf kfgL /xg' jf df6f] lelhPsf] x'g'kb{5 . 

!) 

SRE-302 

2

!& 

e08f/0f M 

wfg nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/0f ug'{ k/]df lr:ofgsf] dfq !@ k|ltzt x'g'kb{5 

h:tf a'Fbfx? j0f{g u/]df – !) c+s 

uxg k|0ffnL (Intensive System) 

cw{ uxg k|0ffnL (Semi-Intensive System) 

!) 

SRE-302 

jfX\o kl/If]q k|0ffnL (Extensive system) 

oL dWo] s'g} b'O{sf] kl/ro, cfjZostf tyf dxTj n]vL j0f{g u/]df k|To]ssf] % c+ssf] b/n] 

!) c+s 

!* hUufsf] 5gf}6 

cfnLsf] lgdf{0f 

6«Grsf] lgdf{0f 

kfgLsf] k|j]z / lgsf;åf/ 

wfg v]tsf] tof/L 

wfg /f]Kg] tof/L 

wfgsf] hft 

df5fsf] hft 

wfg v]tdf df5fsf e"/f 5f8\g] tl/sf 

df5fsf] cfxf/ 

cflbsf] pNn]v u/L j0f{g u/]df k|To]ssf] ! c+ssf b/n] - !) c+s 

!) 

3

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s l4tLo sfof{no ;+rfng tyf n]vf 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

;do M @ 306f !% ld= k"0ff{ª\s M &%, pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 


301 





k|Zg 

g+= 










pQ/x? 

;d"x s 

!= Automated Teller Machine ! 

@= :jL8]g ! 

cª\s 

#= vl/b, Hofnf, ôfS6«Lef8f, uf]bfd ef8f, OGwg, leqL 9'jfgL jf cGo o:t} k|ToIf ! 

vr{x¿dWo] s'g} b'O{ 

$= cfly{s jif{ @)!(÷)@) b]lv n]v]df ! 

%= d=n]=k=kmf=g+= % egL n]v]df ! 

^= eO/x]sf] gLlt lgoddf x]/k]m/ jf gofF lg0f{o ug'{kbf{ cfjZos tYox¿ ;ª\sng u/L 

clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] txaf6 lg0f{o u/fpg] sfdsf] cfzo n]v]df 

l6Kk0fL n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ 

– h'g ljifosf] l6Kk0fL n]Vg] xf] ;f] ;d:ofsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{k5{ . 

– lg0f{0f u/fpg vf]lhPsf] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt P]g, lgod / gLlt;DaGwL a'Fbfx¿sf] 

;DaGw :yfkgf ug'{k5{ . 

– ;d:ofnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ jf:tljstf k|:t't ug'{k5{ . 

– ;+nUg sfuhftx¿ qmlds ¿kn] kl~hsf agfO{ /fVg'k5{ . 

– ljifo;DaGwL cl3Nnf sfd sf/jfxL eP :ki6 b]vfpg'k5{ . 

plNnlvt h:tf s'g} rf/cf]6f ;xL a'Fbf n]v]df jf ldNg] o:t} cGo a'Fbf n]v]df 

k|To]ssf] ! cª\s 

!±$Ö% 

! 

$ 

& 

s'g} klg sfof{nodf cGo sfof{noaf6 cfPsf jf cfˆg} sfof{noaf6 pTyfg ePsf 

lr7Lkq, r]s, ef}r/, aLhs, s/f/kq cflb h:tf sfuhkqx¿ s'g} klg a]nf 

cfjZos kbf{ t'?Gt kfpg ;lsg] u/L cfw'lgs, j}1flgs Pjd\ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] 

;'/lIft /fVg] Joj:yfnfO{ kmfOlnª elgG5 eGg] cfzo;lxt n]v]df 

kmfOlnªsf] cfjZostf 

1 eljiosf] ;Gbe{sf nflu 

2 gLlt tyf of]hgf tof/ ug{ 

3 sfo{bIftf j[l4 ug{ 

4 eljiodf k|df0f k'¥ofpg 

!±$Ö% 

! 

$ 

1

5 k'/fgf s'/f :d/0f u/fpg 

6 clen]v tyf kqx¿ t'?Gt kQf nufpg 

7 sfg'gL dfGotf k"/f ug{ 

8 sfuhkqsf] ;'/Iff ug{ 

*= pTkfbsx¿nfO{ sRrfkbfy{ pknAw u/fpg, pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ tof/L dfn ljqmL ug{, 

gfkmf cfh{g h:tf cfzo cfPdf 

!±$Ö% 

1 ;f]wk'5 kq M Jofkf/df q]mtfn] ljq]mtfnfO{ cfjZostf kg]{ ;fdfgsf] af/]df 

;f]wk'5 vf]h u/]/ k7fPsf] kq eGg] cfzosf] j0f{g u/]df 

! 

2 d"No;"rL M q]mtfn] k7fPsf] ;f]wk'5sf] hjfkmdf ljq]mtfn] k7fPsf] d"No ljj/0f $ 

3 vl/b cfb]z M q]mtfn] k|fKt u/]sf] d"No;"rL lrQ a'e]mdf ;f]xLcg';f/sf] ;fdfg 

k7fpg lbOPsf] lnlvt cfb]z 

4 dfn;fdfgsf] ;ª\sng M q]mtfaf6 k|fKt PsLs[t vl/b cfb]zadf]lhd ljq]mtfn] 

uf]bfdaf6 ;fdfg PsLs[t ug{ sfd 

dfly pNn]v u/]e}Fm cfzo cfpg] u/L j0f{g u/]df k|To]ssf] ! cª\ssf b/n] / a'Fbf 

dfq n]v]df )=% cª\ssf b/n] 

(= bf]xf]/f] n]vfk|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n] kf/blz{tf, uf]Kotf, gub sf/f]jf/df cfwfl/t 

ePsf]n] h:tf cfzo cfpg] u/L n]v]df 

leGgtf 

– dGqfno÷ljefuh:tf s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] c8\8fn] /fVg] ;|]:tf s]Gb|Lo:t/ ;|]:tf xf] / 

sfof{no÷of]hgfh:tf dftxtsf sfof{non] /fVg] ;|]:tf sfo{;~rfng ;|]:tf xf] . 

@±#Ö% 

@ 

# 

– s]Gb|Lo:t/df ah]6 lgsf;f lbOPsf] / dftxtn] vr{ u/]sf] ;|]:tf /flvG5 t/ 

sfo{;~rfng:t/df s]Gb|Lo:t/af6 k|fKt clVtof/Lsf] cfwf/df ;|]:tf /flvG5 . 

– s]Gb|Lo:t/ ;|]:tf p;sf] tfn'sL c8\8fk|lt pQ/bfoL x'G5 eg] sfo{;~rfng:t/ 

;|]:tf s]Gb|Lo:t/k|lt pQ/bfoL x'G5 . 

oL jf o:t} cfzo cfpg] leGgtf n]v]df ! cª\ssf b/n] cª\s lbg] 

!)= 1 gub jf txljn df}Hbft vftf M sfof{nodf x'g] gub k|fKt / e'QmfgL tyf !x%Ö% 

df}Hbft kQf nufpg 

2 a}ª\s jf dfndf}Hbft vftf M sfof{nodf ePsf] a}ª\s;DaGwL sf/f]jf/sf] 

clen]v /fvL df}Hbft kQf nufpg 

3 ah]6 vr{ vftf M sfof{nox¿df tf]lsPsf] ah]6 zLif{saf6 ul/Psf hDdf 

vr{x¿sf] hfgsf/L lbg 

4 k]ZsL vftf M ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf lbPsf] k]ZsL / k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ePsf] 

k]ZsL / km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL k]ZsL /sdsf] hfgsf/L lbg 

5 ljljw vftf M dfly plNnlvt vftfafx]ssf sf/f]jf/x¿sf] clen]v /fVg . h:t} 

M ah]6 lgsf;f, ;fgf]gubL sf]if cflb . 

a}ª\s gubL lstfadf ;dfj]z x'g] vftfx¿ n]vL j0f{g u/]df k|To]ssf] ! cª\ssf 

b/n] cª\s lbg] / a'Fbf dfq n]v]df )=% cª\ssf b/n] cª\s lbg] 

!!= dxh{g vfB :6f]/ 

;Gt'ng k/LIf0f 

@)^* c;f/ d;fGt 

qm=;+= ljj/0f vf=kf= 8]lj6 /sd 

q]ml86 /sd 

g+= 

! ljqmL (Sales) @,)),))) 

@ vl/b (Purchase) $),))) 

# ljqmL lkmtf{ (Sales return) ^),))) 

$ ;fx' (Creditor) !%,))) 

% e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ vr{x¿ (Outstanding 

@%,))) 

expenses) 

^ k]ZsL cfDbfgL (Advance income) $),))) 

& kmlg{r/ (Furniture) *),))) 

301 

2

* d]l;g/L (Machinery) !,)),))) 

hDdf @,*),))) @,*),))) 

pko'Qm gd'gf;lxt 8]lj6 q]ml86 / hf]8 ldn]df % cª\s lbg] . a'Fbf dfq n]v]df 

k|To]ssf] )=% sf b/n] cª\s lbg] / 9fFrf / hf]8 hDdf n]vn]df ! cª\ssf b/n] lbg] 

. 

301 

!@ 

a;]n j|b;{ 

gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fa vftf 

@)^* c;f/ d;fGt 

8]lj6 

ljj/0f /sd ?= ljj/0f ?= /sd ?= 

s'n gf]S;fg 63,000 nfef+z k|fKt 52,000 

tnj 77,000 v/fa shf{ c;'nL 28,000 

a}ª\s b:t'/ 15,000 vl/bdf 5'6 12,000 

aflx/L 9'jfgL 22,000 v'b gf]S;fg 90,000 

s/x¿ 5,000 

hDdf 1,82,000 hDdf 1,82,000 

v'b gf]S;fg (),))).– ;lxt 8]lj6 / q]ml86 kIfsf a'Fbf / hf]8 ldn]df % cª\s lbg] 

. a'Fbf dfq ldn]df k|To]ssf] )=% sf b/n] cª\s lbg] / ;xL 9fFrf ;lxt hDdf 

ldn]df ! cª\s lbg] . 

q]ml86 

!# lzjzlQm vfB pBf]u, lrtjg 

jf;nft 

@)^( c;f/ d;fGt 

k'FhL / bfloTj /sd ?= ;DklQ /sd ?= 

k'FhL 3,00,000 

kmlg{r/ 2,00,000 

k'FhL lkmtf{ – 50,000 

2,50,000 

v'b gfkmf + 16,000 2,66,000 

a}ª\s cf]e/ 8«fˆ6 5,000 cf;fdL 25,000 

;'/lIft sf]if 9,000 k]ZsL vr{ 55,000 

hDdf 2,80,000 hDdf 2,80,000 

pko'{Qm h:tf] gd'gf;lxt a'Fbf / hf]8 ldn]df % cª\s lbg] . a'Fbf dfq ldn]df 

k|To]ssf] )=% sf b/n] cª\s lbg] / gd'gf;lxt s'n of]u ;xL ePdf ! cª\s lbg] . 

!$= ¿k}ofF k};fsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{, lgIf]k lng], ;fk6L lbg], d'b|fsf] ljlgko / ;+/If0f ug]{, 

;ª\ul7t ;+:yf eGg] cfzo a'lemg] kl/efif n]v]df 

– s]Gb|Lo a}ª\ssf sfo{x¿ M gf]6 lgisfzg, ;/sf/sf] a}ª\s, a}ª\ssf] a}ª\s, ljb]zL 

ljlgdo lgoGq0f, k'FhLsf] kl/rfng / /fi6«C0fsf] Joj:yf, ;fv l;h{gf / 

lgoGq0f tyf cGo sfo{x¿ 

pko'{Qm sfo{x¿dWo] k|To]s sfo{x¿sf] ;xL j0f{g u/]df ^x!=%sf b/n] / a'Fbf dfq 

ldn]df k|To]ssf] )=% sf b/n] cª\s lbg] 

!±(Ö!) 

! 

( 

3

301 

g]kfn ;/sf/ d=n]=k=kmf=g+= !) 

!%= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, afUn'ª ldlt M@)^*.$.@) 

uf]Zj/f ef}r/ uf]=ef}= g+= – 

;=g+= Joxf]/f vf=kf=g+ lx=g+= 8lj6 /sd q]ml86 /sd ?= 

s 

8]=M j= v= tnj 

q]mM s= ;+= sf]if 

q]mM g]= /f= a}ª\s 

-sd{rf/Lx¿sf] >fj0f dlxgfsf] 

tnj ljt/0f ul/of] _ 

!=)! @,)),))).– 

@),))).– 

!,*),))) 

@,)),))).– @,)),))).– 

/l;b g+= M r]s g+= M ))( 

k|fKt /sd M 

r]s /sd M Ps nfv c;L xhf/ dfq 

k]z ug]{ M ;b/ ug]{ M 

gfd M 

gfd M 

bhf{ M n]vfkfn 

bhf{ M sfof{no k|d'v 

ldlt M @)^*÷$÷@) 

ldlt M @)^*÷$÷@) 

;=g+= Joxf]/f vf=kf=g+ lx=g+= 8lj6 /sd ?= q]ml86 /sd ?= 

v 8]=M j= v= kmlg{r/ lkmSr;{ 

q]m= g]= /f= a}ª\s 

^=)! !%,))).– 

!%,))).– 

-sfof{nosf nflu kmlg{r/ vl/b 

u/]jfkt /sd e'QmfgL ul/of] _ 

!%,))).– !%,))).– 

u 

8]= M gf=;'= xl/ clwsf/L sfo{qmd 

e|d0f vr{ k]ZsL 

q]m= M g]= /f= a}ª\s 

-gf= ;'= xl/ clwsf/LnfO{ b}=e|=eQf 

k]ZsL lbOof]_ 

3 8]= M ;fgf] gubL sf]if 

q]m= M g]= /f= a}ª\s 

- ;fgf] gubL sf]if :yfkgf ul/of] _ 

ª 8]= M j= v= e|=v= tyf b}lgs eQf 

8]= M g]= /f= a}ª\s 

q]m= M gf= ;'= xl/ clwsf/L 

sfo{qmd e|d0f vr{ k]ZsL km5\of}{6 

- gf=;'= xl/ clwsf/Lsf] e|=v=tyf 

b}=eQf k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ul/of]_ 

!=)# 

!),))).– 

!),))).– 

!),))).– !),))).– 

%,))).– 

%,))).– 

%,))).– %,))).– 

$=% (,))).– 

!,))).– 

!),))).– 

ljj/0f;lxt 8]lj6, q]ml86 / lx;fa g+= ldn]df k|To]ssf] @ cª\ssf] b/n] cª\s lbg] . 

!^= 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, /f}tx6 

vr{sf] kmfF6jf/L 

@)^* ;fn sflt{s dlxgf 

sflt{s 

dlxgfsf] vr{ 

sflt{s 

dlxgf;Ddsf] 

lgsf;f 

ah]6 

/sd g+= 

ah]6 /sd 

!),))).– !),))).– 

hDdf ah]6 

ljlgof]hg 

sflt{s 

d;fGt;Ddsf] vr{ 

ah]6 

afFsL 

15,000 45,000 1.01 tnj 1,80,000 60,000 1,20,000 

2,000 6,000 1.02 eQf 24,000 8,000 16,000 

1,000 4,000 2.03 sfof{no;DaGwL vr{ 12,000 5,000 7,000 

2,000 4,000 2.08 ljljw vr{ 10,000 6,000 4,000 

1,000 3,000 4.04 sfo{qmd vr{ 8,000 4,000 4,000 

4

500 2,000 6.03 d]l;g/L cf}hf/ 6,000 2,500 3,500 

64,000 

rfn'sf]if afFsL 

50,000 

21,500 1,14,000 hDdf 2,40,000 85,500 1,54,500 

sf]ifsf] cj:yf 

@)^* sflt{s d;fGt;Ddsf] lgsf;f M 1,14,000 a}ª\s df}Hbft M 26,500 

@)^* sflt{s d;fGt;Ddsf] vr{ M 85,500 gub df}Hbft M 2,000 

hDdf M 28,500 28,500 

km5\of}{6 gePsf] afFsL k]ZsL M 5,000 

k]ZsL s6fO{ v'b vr{ M 80,500 

301 

k]z ug]{ M s bhf{ M n]vfkfn ldlt M @)^*÷*÷# 

;b/ ug]{ M v bhf{ M sfof{no k|d'v ldlt M @)^*÷*÷# 

dflysf] h:t} kmf/fddf vr{sf] cj:yf / sf]ifsf] cj:yf;lxt 

— sflt{s dlxgf;Ddsf] vr{ ¿ *%,%)).– kQf nufPdf – # cª\s lbg] 

— zLif{scg';f/sf] ah]6 afFsL -hDdf ¿ !,%$,%)).–_ kQf nufPdf – @ cª\s lbg] 

— a}ª\s df}Hbft ¿ @^,%)).– kQf nufPdf – @ cª\s lbg] 

— k]ZsL s6fO{ v'b vr{ ¿ *),%)).– kQf nufPdf – @ cª\s lbg] 

— rfn'sf]if lgsf;f ¿ !,!$,))).– kQf nufPdf – ! cª\s lbg] 

5

SRE-243 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s k|yd cy{zf:q 

pQ/s'l~hsf 
















k|Zg 

pQ/x? -;d"x–s_ 

g+= 

!= Jofj;foL jf pTkfbgstf{n] j:t'sf lglZrt PsfO{ laqmL u/]/ k|fKt ug]{ s'n /fzLnfO{ g} s'n cfo 

elgG5 . 

@= kf/:kl/s cfjZostf k"/f ug{ s'g} b'O{ j:t' jf ;]jfx? Ps csf{ aLr cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ k|yfnfO{ j:t' 

lalgdo k|yf elgG5 . 

#= >ldsn] v]t hf]t] jfkt Ps lbgsf] lglZrt gub /sd kfpFb5 eg] Tof] p;sf] df}lb|s Hofnf xf] eGg] 

cf;o cfpg] pQ/ lbPdf 

$= cfjZostfsf] bf]xf]/f] d]n gx'g', ;a}nfO{ dfGo x'g] d"No dfksf] cefj, j:t' ljefhg ug{ sl7gfO{, wg 

;+lrt ug{ c;'ljwf, eljiodf e'QmfgL ug{ c;'ljwf cflb dWo] s'g} b'O{ n]v]df 

% k|ToIf s/ elg n]v]df ! 

^ 

cfly{s ljsf;sf s'g} b'O{ ;"rsx? h:t} k|lt JolQm cfodf lbuf] a[l4, dfgljo ;fwgsf] ljsf; cflb 

dWo] s'g} @ j6f n]v]df 

& pTkfbgzLn ;fdfu|Lx?sf] pTkfbg a9fpb} nfg] k|s[of xf] elg n]v]df ! 

* :jb]zL j:t'sf] pTkfbg nfut eGbf j:t' cfoftdf sd vr{ nfUg] cj;yfdf jf :jb]zdf j:t' 

pTkfbg ;Dej gePdf dWo] s'g} Ps n]v]df 

( cfly{s / ;fdflhs sf/0f jf @ cGtu{t kg]{ s'g} @ j6f a'Fbf n]v]df ! 

!)= a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 ! 

! 

! 

! 

! 

! 

! 

cª\s 

1

k|Zg 

g+= 

!! j:t'sf] OsfO{/ 

Units of goods 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

s'n cfo/ 

Total 

revenue 

20 

36 

48 

56 

60 

60 

56 

cf};t 

cfo/ 

Average 

revenue 

20 

18 

16 

14 

12 

10 

8 

pQ/x? -;d"x–v_ 

;LdfGt cfo/ 

Marginal 

revenue 

20 

16 

12 

8 

4 

0 

-4 

cfo 

÷kl/ 

df0f 

y 

AR 

SRE-243 

cª\s 

# 

0 x 

PsfO ÷kl/df0f MR 

cf};t cfo jqm/]vf (AR) / ;L=cf= jqm/]vf (MR) !=%×@ 

ltgsf :j?k j0f{g u/]df 

@ 

!@ ljz]iftfx? 

% 

-s_ qm]tf / ljqm]tfsf] ;+Vof clws x'g'kg]{ 

-v_ j:t'sf] d"Nof qm]tf / ljqm]tfnfO{ hfgsf/L 

-u_ qm]tf / ljqm]tf ljj]szLn x'g'kg]{ 

-3_ ljqm]tfsf j:t'x? Psgfzsf x'g'kg]{ 

-ª_ pTkfbgsf ;fwg ultlzn x'g'kg]{ cfbL n]vL rrf{ u/]df 

!# -s_ >ldsn] sfd ubf{ b|Jo -?k}of k};f_ sf ?kdf kfpg] kfl/>lds eGg] cfzo cfpg] u/L l6Kk0fL @=% 

u/]df 

-v_ z'4 Aofhsf] cfltl/Qm hf]lvd lj?4 jLdf, c;'ljwfsf] k|ltkmn, Joj:yfkg vr{sf] /sd ;d]t @=% 

;dfj]z x'g] eGg] cfzo cfpg] u/L l6Kk0fL n]v]df 

!$ j:t' ljlgdo k|0ffnLsf sl7gfO{x? 

% 

cfjZostfsf] bf]xf]/f] d]n gx'g' 

;a}nfO{ dfGo d"Nodfk gx'g' 

wg;l~rt ug{ c;'ljwf 

e'QmfgLdf c;'ljwf 

j:t' ljefhg ug]{ sl7gfO{ / o:t} ldNfh'Nbf a'Fbf n]v]/ To:tf sl7gfO{sf sf/0fn] d'b|fsf] cfljisf/ 

ePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/]df k|lt a'Fbf ! c+ssf b/n] 

!% ;fj{hlgs ljQsf] cy{ n]v]df ! 

;'/IffTds sfo{, cfly{s sfo{, k|zf;lgs sfo{ / ;fdflhs sfo{sf] j0f{g u/]df $ 

!^ cfo tkm{ 

?= *),)))÷– 

Joo tk{m 

oftfoft – 

vfgf – 

k|j]z z'Ns – 

cf}iflw – 

nQfsk8f cflb – 

hDdf ?= *),)))÷– 

ljleGg zLif{sdf vr{ b]vfO ;Gt'lnt 

jh]6 b]vfPdf . % 

!& cfly{s ljsf; s'g} % j6f ;"rs n]v]df @=% 

s'g} b'O{j6f ;"rssf] j0f{g u/]df 

@=% 

2

!* ul/aL 

clzIff 

;fdflhs /Lltl/jfh / k/Dk/f 

wfld{s d"No / dfGotf 

pRr lzz' d[To'b/ 

!( sf/0fx? h:t} M 

% 

e"–kl/j]li7t d'n's ePsf]n] 

ef/t;+u c? d'n's eGbf glhssf] ;DaGw ePsf]n] 

g]kfnsf] oftfoft Joj:yf ef/t;+u /fd|f] ePsf]n] 

ef/t;+u cfoft–lgof{t ;lhnf] ePsf]n] 

eft;+u v'nf l;dfgf ePsf]n] egL n]v]df / o:t} c? a'Fbf n]v]df 

@) ufF;, jf; / skf; ;d]t k'/f ug{ g;Sg] dfgjLo cj:yf emNsfpFb} ul/jLsf] af/]df j0f{g u/]df % 

@! aif{/Year 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 

ljBfyL{ ;+Vof/No. of 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

Students 

;lx u0fgf u/]df 

j[Q lrqdf 7Ls;+u r9fPdf 

@@ pd]/ jif{df 0 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 20 20 - 25 25 - 30 

ljBfyL{ ;+Vof/ 

8 15 20 16 25 26 

No. of Students 

tflnsf lgdf{0f u/]df 

@ 

;"q k|of]u u/L pQ/ lgsfn]df # 

k|Zg 

pQ/x? -;d"x–u_ 

cª\s 

g+= 

@# k"0f{ k|lt:kwf{ ahf/sf] kl/ro lbPdf ! 

d"No lgwf{/0f k|s[of af/] JofVof u/]df $ 

tflnsf n]vL JofVof u/]df 

@=% 

/]vf lrq ;lxt JofVof u/]df 

@=% 

@$ Hofnfsf] hLjg lgjf{x l;4fGtsf] kl/ro lbPdf @=% 

>ldssf] hLjg lgjf{x ug{sf] nflu k'Ug] dfq Hofnfb/ lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ $ 

JofVof u/]df 

o;sf bf]ifx? pNn]v u/]df, 

#=% 

Ps klIfo, z]if0fsf] l;4fGt, Hofnf a9\b}df >dsf] k"lt{ a9\b}g, >dsf] sfo{IfdtfnfO{ j]jf:tf, 

lg/fzfjfbL l;4fGt hLjg lgjf{x dfkgsf] cfwf/ gePsf] , ljsl;t b]zx?df nfu" gx'g] 

@% s]Gb|Lo a}Ísf] kl/ro lbPdf @ 

o;sf s'g} cf7cf]6f sfo{x¿ a'Fbfdf n]v]df -sfo{x? M gf]6lgisfzg, ;/sf/sf] a}Í / cfly{s $ 

;Nnfxsf/, a}Íx?sf] a}Í, ljb]zL ljlgdo b/sf] lgwf{/0f, ljb]zL d'b|fx?sf] ;+/Ifs, ;fv lgoGq0f, 

clGtd C0fbftf ;dfzf]wg u[xsf] sfo{, cfly{s ljsf;_ 

sfo{x¿sf] JofVof ;d]t u/]df $ 

@^ 45, 10, 7, 12, 15, 18, 9, 11, 14, 15, 2, 5, 8, 16, 25, 30, 20, 22, 19, 15, 18, 18, 25, 13, 20, 18, 15, 25, 24, 22, 

9, 8, 20, 24, 25, 23, 15, 16, 48, 21, 40, 25, 24, 37, 10, 31, 49, 20, 25, 26 

bz juf{Gt/ x'g] ;xL cfj[lt ljt/0f tflnsf agfPdf % 

;lx ;"q k|of]u u/L ;xL pQ/ lgsfn]df % 

% 

@=% 

@=% 

SRE-243 

3

;do M @ 306f !% ldg]6 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s k|yd e"uf]n 

pQ/s'l~hsf 

k"0ff{ª\s M &%, 

pQL0ff{ª\s M @$ 

SRE-241 



:t/Lotf, df}lnstf cflb x]/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljj]s k|of]u u/L :t/ cg';f/ ;xL, :ki6, pko'Qm, dfkgLo / :t/Lo d"Nofª\sg 

ug{'kg]{ 5 . ;Dej eP;Dd s'l~hsfn] lgb]{z u/]sf] kl/lw / ;Ldfleq} /xL d"Nofª\sg ug{'kg]{5 . pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f Pjd\ ;Dk/LIf0f 

ubf{ o;df lbOPsf cfwf/sf ;fy} lgDg s'/fx¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf ug'{kg]{5 M 










! u $M@) ck/fGx ! 

@ s jl/kl/ wf/ axg] If]qsf] lardf ! 

# 3 df};dL If]q ! 

$ v wfg ! 

% u k|ltj]bg ug'{ k5{ ! 

^ Ö n08g / sf7df08f}sf] b]zfGt/sf] km/s 

! 

) ) ±*^)M!%Ú 

Ö *^)M!% 

t;y{ ! ) Ö$ ldg]6 

@ 

;dofGt/ Ö *^)M!%Ú×$ 

Ö *^ l8u|LnfO{ ldg]6df nUbf M *^×$Ö#$$ 

Ö !% ldg]6nfO{ ;]s]08df nUbf M !%×$Ö^) 

Ö ^) ;]s]08nfO{ ldg]6df nUbf M ^) ;]s]08 ÷^)Ö ! ldg]6 

Ö #$$±! Ö #$% ldg]6 

Ö #$% ldg]6nfO{ 306fdf nUbf #$%÷^)Ö% 3= $% ld= 

n08g eGbf sf7df08f} cem k"j{ k/]sf]n] ToxfFsf] ;do rnfv x'G5 . 

! 

& 

k|Zg g+= 

* 

Ö ;fFemsf] & 306f !% ldg]6 ck/fGx 

e"sDksf] kl/efiff lbPdf 

sf/0fx¿ n]v]df 

e"–rfn;DaGwL vnjn 

Hjfnfd'vLsf] ljikmf]6g 

lgoldt ?kn] lglZrt lbzf e} dxf;fu/df gbL em}+ lg/Gt/ ?kdf juL /xg] kfgLsf] k|jfxnfO{ ! 

;d'b|L wf/ elgG5 . 

tfk, k|rlnt jfo', jfliks/0f,dWo] s'g} b'O{ sf/0f n]v]df =%±=% ! 

dflysf a'Fbfx? pNn]v u/L j0f{g u/]df @ 

! 

!=% 

!=% 

1

( -s_ :ynLo jfo' (land breeze) / 

cfjlws jfo' (periodic winds) 

-v_ of] jfo' dWo/ftaf6 ;'? e} ljxfgkv k|jn x'G5 . ! 

-u_ dGWofGxdf /f]lsG5 . ! 

-3_ 708f / z'is ! 

!) ;ª\s]t ;lxt ;kmf lrq agfPdf 

:s]n lgwf{/0f u/]df 

zLif{s pNn]v u/]df 

!! ljZjsf] s'g} $ cf]6f pBf]u Joj;fosf] pNn]v u/L ltlgx?sf] dxTj b;f{Psf] h:t}M 

k|fs[lts ;fwg / >f]tsf] ;b'kof]u, /f]huf/Ldf a[l4, Jofkf/ / jfl0fHosf] cfotg a[l4, b]zsf] 

/fli6«o cfodf a[l4 x'g] cflb dxTj b;f{Psf]df k|lt a'Fbf ! cÍssf] b/n] 

!@ g]kfndf kmnkm"n v]tLsf] ;Defjgf af/] lgDg rf/ a'Fbf ;lxt rrf{ u/]df 

w/ftnLo c;dfgtfn] xfjfkfgLdf ljljwtf 

! 

pi0f tyf c3f]{i0f Pjd\ ;dlztf]i0f k|b]zLo kmnkm"n pTkfbg x'g] 

! 

! 

kxf8L le/fnf] hldg kmnkm"n v]tLsf] nflu pko'Qm x'g] 

! 

pTkflbt kmnkm"n :jb]zdf k|of]u x'g] dfq xf]Og ljb]z lgof{t ug{ ;d]t ;lsg] 

!# ;Lk / ;fwg k|of]u u/L ;fgf, 7"nf kl/df0fdf j:t' pTkfbg ug'{nfO{ pBf]u elgG5 . ! 

o'=P;=P=sf] lk6;ju{ If]q, 

o"/f]ksf] hd{gLsf] ?x'6 j]:6kmflnof If]q 

?;sf] 8gjf; s'hjf; If]q 

ef/tsf] hdz]bk'/, rLg, hfkfg cflb 7fFpx?df klg pBf]usf] ;~rfng ePsf] dWo] 

s'g} # :yfgx? pNn]v u/]d ! c+ssf] b/n] 

!$ ef}uf]lns If]q cg';f/ t/fO{, kxf8 / lxdfnL v08df hg cfjfbL afSnf], demf}nf / 

kftnf] 5 eg] k"j{ b]lv klZrd tkm{ klg cfjfbL afSnf] x'Fb} klZrdL v08df t'ngfTds 

?kn] kftnf] x'Fb} hfG5 egL n]v]df 

ef}uf]lns / k"j{ b]lv klZrd ljt/0f km/s x'g] sf/0fsf] 5f]6f] JofVof u/]df 

!% pQ/ k|zfGt dxf;ful/o If]qsf -So'/f]l;of], Soflnkmf]lg{of wf/f_ wf/x? n]v]sf]df @ 

blIf0f k|zfGt dxf;ful/o If]qsf k"lj{ ci6]«lnog ÷Go" ;fpy j]N;, k]? wf/x? pNn]v 

u/]df 

@ 

s_ sf7df8f}+ — wgs'6f @@) ls=dL= 

! 

!^ v_ g]kfnu~h — e}/xjf !*) ls=dL= 

! 

s_ kf]v/f — tfg;]g ^) ls=dL= 

! 

v_ lj/f6gu/ —/fhlj/fh %) ls=dL= 

! 

!) ls=dL= tndfly ePdf klg c+s lbg] . 

!& ko{6g pBf]u eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] af/] pbfx/0f lbO{ kl/ro lbPsf]df ! 

ko{6g pBf]usf] dxTj-/f]huf/L_, /fli6«o cfodf a[l4, b]zsf] klxrfg a9fpg], k|fs[lts >f]tsf] 

plrt pkof]u cflb dxTjx? b;f{Psf]df 

# 

! 

# 

)=% 

)=% 

$ 

@ 

@ 

SRE-241 

# 

!* -s_ 

– e'dWo]/]lvo lgDg rfk k]6Lsf] km}nfj6 b'j} uf]nf4{sf] % ) l8u|L 

cIff+z leq / cwf]{i0f pRr rfk k]6Lsf] km}nfj6 b'j} uf]nf4{df 

@% ) –#% ) cIff+z leq n]v]df 

– e"dWo/]lvo lgDg rfkk]6Ldf jfo' hnjfiko'Qm / cwf]{i0f pRr rfk k]6Ldf 

jfo' ;'Vvf n]v]df 

2 

! 

!

SRE-241 

– e"dWo/]lvo lgDg rfkk]6Laf6 jfo' aflx/ kmflnG5, cwf]{i0f pRr rfk k]6Ldf 

jfo' aflx/af6 cfpF5 egL n]v]df ! 

-v_ sRrf kbfy{ s[lifaf6 pTkfbg x'g], sRrf kbfy{ jg k}bfj/af6 

k|fKt x'g] n]v]df 

! 

– lrgL pBf]u, r'/f]6 pBf]u, s[lifdf cfwfl/t a]tjfF; pBf]u, /+u/f]ug pBf]u, 

ag:ktLdf cfwfl/t n]v]df 

! 

– s[lif pBf]usf] nflu s[lifsf] / jg:klt pBf]usf] nflu jg:kltsf] ljsf; 

ug'{k5{ egL n]v]df 

! 

-u_ sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ k|f/lDes pBf]u / tof/L a:t' pTkfbg 

ug]{ dfWolds pBf]u 

! 

– v]tLkftL eGgfn] k|f/lDes pBf]u / lrgL pBf]u, r'/f]6 pBf]u eGgfn] 

dfWolds pBf]u 

! 

– dfWolds pBf]u k|f/lDes pBf]udf e/ kb{5 . k|f/lDes pBf]uaf7 dfWolds 

pBf]u ;+rfng x'G5 . 

! 

3_ xfjfsf] tfk gfKg] oGq tfkdfks oGq / xfjfsf] rfk gfKg] oGq 

! 

rfkdfks oGq 

– xfjfsf] tfk km/]gxfO6 ;]lG6u|]6 jf ;]lN;o;df gflkG5 eg] xfjfsf] rfk ! 

ldlnaf/df gflkG5 

– tfkdfks oGq ;fwf/0f tfkdfks / clwstd tyf Go"gtd tfkdfks x'G5 

eg] rfkdfks oGq kf/f] el/Psf] / Pgf]/fO6 x'G5 . 

! 

!( -s_ k[YjLsf] leqL efudf a9L tfk / rfksf] sf/0fn] n]bf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] DofUdf k[YjLsf] s'g} # 

sdhf]/ efu k'm6fnf aflx/ lg:sg] cfuf], v/fgL, kUn]sf] r§fg, w'Fjf, Uof; h;nfO{ nfef 

elgG5 . y'k|]/ aGg] ePs]fn] . 

-v_ k|To]s !^% ld= sf] prfOdf ! ) c sf b/n] tfkqmd 36\b} hfg] ePsf]n] egL # 

-u_ clt 708f xfjfkfgL kfOg] ePsf]n], ;Dk"0f{ e"–efu lxdfR5flbt ePsf]n], k|lts"n xfjfkfgL # 

kfOg] ePsf]n] . 

-3_ b]zsf] cfo;|f]tsf] k|d'v cfwf/, lgof{t Jofkf/df k|d'v :yfg s[lifhGo pBf]usf] nflu # 

pRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg k|d'v If]q . 

@) s_ e"dWo/]lvo xfjfkfgL elg n]v]df )=% 

v_ pQ/ tyf blIf0f b'j} uf]nfw{df %+ cIff+; leq cd]hg a]zL, s+uf]a]zL,lulgt6 dn]lzofsf] @=% 

blIf0fLefu tyf OG8f]g]l;ofsf] hfef, ;'dfqf 6fk'df kfOG5 . elg n]v]df 

u_ cf};t tfkqmd @^+ ;]=/ aif}{el/ udL{ x'g] / d';nwf/] aif{ eO{ c}ift jflif[s aif{f @)) @=% 

;]=dL=x'g] . elg n]v]df 

3_ 3gf ;bfjxf/ h+un eO{ cUnf, 7'nf / s8f vfnsf sf08 ePsf jg:lt kfOg] h:df @=% 

6'Kkfdf em\ofDdeO{ e"O{+df k|sf; gl5g]{ lsl;dsf h+un x'G5g\ . elg n]v]df 

@! k[i7el/g] u/L g]kfnsf] gS;f agfPdf # 

k|To]s tYonfO{ pko'Qm ;+s]t k|of]u u/L ;xL 7fpFdf b]vfPdf 

!×%Ö% 

@@ k|fs[lts lgz'Ns k|fKt ;fwg n]v]df ! 

jg ;fwg, hn ;fwg, vlgh ;fwg OToflb n]v]df 

@ 

s'g} Pp6fsf] lj:t[t j0f{g u/]df % 

3

SRE-231 

2068 (2012) 

P]lR5s k|yd cltl/Qm ul0ft 

pQ/s'l~hsf 
















k|Zg g+= pQ/x? cª\s 

1.a 

1.b 

Alternative Method 

( ) fog(x) = f(x+2) =3(x+2) 

( ) 

( ) ( ) 

Correct definition of Factor theorem 

Testing factor 

( ) ( ) ( ) 

= 0 

( ) is a factor of 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2.a 1 

1 

Let required matrix =* + 

2.b 

* + * + * + 

* + * + 

1 

* + * + 

1 

1

SRE-231 

3.a 

* + * + 

* + 

1 

| | | | 

1 

3.b 

4.a 

Slope of 

Slope of 

Comparing 

is 

is 

and 

1 

1 

1 

For perpendicular 

4.b 

or, 

1 

or, , which is true 

Hence the results. 

equation of the circle is 

( ) ( ) 

1 

( ) ( ) 

1 

5.a 

( ) 

1 

5.b 1 

6.a 

( ) 

= ) 

1 

1 

1 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

√ 

1 

6.b 

√ 

1 

1 

let, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ) 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗ ( ) 

7.a 

| | √ √ 

| ⃗ | √ 

⃗ 

1 

Let be an angle between 

⃗ 

| ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | 

and ⃗ then 

1 

2

⃗ 

( 

| ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | 

) 

( ) 

√ 

SRE-231 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ) = 

7.b 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ) = 

1 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

8.a 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) 

1 

1 

1 

8.b * + * + * + 1 

9 

Reflection on line y=-x 1 

( ) 

let ( ) 

or, 

Interchanging the place of x and y , 

1 

( ) 

( ) ( ) 

1 

1 

( ) 

Either, 

or, 

1 

3

10 

let ( ) 

When then 

( ) 

( ) is the factor of ( ) 

1 

SRE-231 

Now, using synthetic division to get other factors. 

( ) ( )( ) 

1 

Since, ( ) 

( )( ) 

………….(i) 

1 

( ) ………….(ii) 

1 

√ 

√ , √ Ans 

Given 

, no of A.M.S. (n)=m 

11 

1 

………….(i) 

from (i) and (ii) we get 

……..(ii) 1 

1 

1 

12 

table for 

x 0 2 -2 4 -4 

y 0 2 2 8 8 

Table for and grph 

x 0 1 2 3 

y 0 1 2 3 

conclusion : 

The parabola and the straight line intersect at point ( ) ( ) so the 

requird solutions are 

1+1 

1 

1 

4

13. 

* + * +=* + 

1 

SRE-231 

* + * + 

1 

* + * + * + 

=* + 

1 

1 

y = 3 

14 

1 

i.e. slope ( ) 

Slope of req. line 1 

Mid point of given two points = ( ) 1 

( ) 

Required equation : 

1 

15 (2x-y) (x-3y) =0 1 

2x-y =0 and x-3y=0 1 

tan =± 

√ 

1 

1 

16 1 

( ) ( ) (√ ) 1 

centre ( ) ( ) 1 

and radius ( ) √ units 1 

17 Here, 

Taking cot on the both sides, we have 

or, ( ) 

or, 

or, 

or, 

1 

1 

or, 

or, 1 

( ) ( ) 1 

(N.B. : Give full marks for alternative correct method) 

18. ( ) ( ) 1 

L.H.S = ( ) ( ) 1 

* ( ) ( )+ 1 

5

SRE-231 

Proved. 

1 

19 

( ) ) ( ) 

or 

1 

1 

1 

1 

correct figure with of information 

=elevation from A to C 

A 

C 

E 

20 

1 

( ) 

B 

D 

1 

( ) 

or, √ 

1 

or, m √ 

Height of tower ( ) 

21 

√ 

( √ ) 

√ 

Let BAC is angle on the Circumference of a semi -circle with centre O 

and the diameter BC. 

A 

1. A 

1 

1 

B 

O 

C 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) 

= ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) 

b 

1 

( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )= (OC 2 b 

OA 2 b 

) 

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ( ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) 

BAC= 90 o 1 

6

SRE-231 

22. 

( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) 

1 

23. 

( ) ( ) 

( ) ( ) 

1 

( ) ( ) 

Graph of reflection on x = 1 ) 1 

Graph reflection on y = – 2 1 

Writing in the matrices form 

P Q R 

1 

* + * + 

(iii) 

* + 

* + 

1 

1 

* + 

The co-ordinates of the images are (11,7), (7,-6)and (9,8) 

1 

24. 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

c. f 

2 

30 

5 

20 

9 

10 

14 

0 

20 

10 

60 

60 

40 

0 

60 

1 

∑ 

∑ 

∑ 

Place of median = ( 

Calculation of ∑ 

Mean deviation = ∑ 

) th item 

=( ) th item 

= 10.5 th item 

Median (Md) = 40 

= = 11 

1 

1 

1 

7

25. 

height 

(X) 

140 

148 

150 

155 

158 

165 

169 

-15 

-7 

-5 

0 

3 

10 

14 

255 

49 

25 

0 

9 

100 

196 

1 

SRE-231 

∑ ∑ ∑ 

No. of items (N) = 7- 

Mean ( ) 

∑ 

Calculation of ∑ 1 

Standard Deviation ( ) 

√ ∑ 

√ 

√ 

( ) 

Coefficient of variation ( ) 

( )% 

1 

8

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