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Best Available Technologies for manure treatment baltic sea 2020 Best Available Technologies for manure treatment baltic sea 2020 ANNEX E: TABLES WITH SHORT DESPRIPTION OF LIVESTOCK MANURE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Best Available Techniques for manure treatment - for intensive rearing of pigs in Baltic Sea Region EU Member States Technical Report "Best Practice Manure Handling, Phase 2" Ref No. 21 Ph adjustment, acidification Brief description Description of the effect on leaching (positive or negative) of N and P pH adjustment is done of the liquid livestock manure / fraction in an acid treatment unit where ammonia is bound with sulphuric acid (H2SO4) to form ammonium sulphate in order to prevent ammonia emissions from the treatment process. The acidification is thus a technology, which mainly is used for the purpose of reducing emissions from the livestock manure, which are closely related to smell/nuisances from the pig production. Typically 0.5% of the sulphuric acid, equal to 5 kg per tonnes slurry, is able to reduce pH to about 5.5, while pH in fresh pig slurry in a project is measures to about 7.3 (Siegler, 2009). The emission of methane from cattle slurry has been measure to be reduced 67-90 % (Jacobsen, 2009), and we must anticipate a similar effect for pig slurry. The content of N in the slurry is 15-20 % higher than in untreated slurry due to decreased emission of ammonia from the stable, storage and field (Jacobsen, 2009). Tests show that the emissions of laughter gas are reduced with 80%. Less emission of ammonia emissions means that less N could return as atmospheric deposition and that more N is re-circulated in the agricultural production rather than ending in the environment. Field trials indicates, that acidification of slurry affects the field effect. Field trials have shown higher field effects (bioavailability of nitrogen) of acidified slurry, however with a big variation between responses in different trials (Sørensen, 2006 and Jensen, 2006). See further under additives. Innovation stage Investment price, Basic Variable Operational costs, per tonnes per kg saved N or P leaching Complexity of implementation Research Pilot 100.000 (?) 50 (?) 2 (?) Practice Major references Condition for leaching reduction effect Certainty of information 2-2 (N) Low – each farm can easily attach an acidification unit to the slurry system at the farm. Jacobsen, 2009 Sørensen, 2006 Jensen, 2006 The effect will be found at all farms. Prices Low Effect on leaching Medium 56 Page 57 56
Best Available Technologies for manure treatment baltic sea 2020 Best Available Technologies for manure treatment baltic sea 2020 ANNEX E: TABLES WITH SHORT DESPRIPTION OF LIVESTOCK MANURE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES Best Available Techniques for manure treatment - for intensive rearing of pigs in Baltic Sea Region EU Member States Technical Report "Best Practice Manure Handling, Phase 2" Ref No. 22 PH increasing, liming Brief description Description of the effect on leaching (positive or negative) of N and P It is in some cases relevant to increase the pH in the manure substrate. This is for instance the case in connection with N-stripping – see below. A Swedish company has described a concept whereby livestock manure with more than 50% dry matter undergoes a drying and sterilization process, where only energy generated by calcium oxide hydration process is used. As a reagent is used very high reactivity lime oxide. The product becomes a soil liming fertiliser in a dry sterilized form. The reactive lime used in the process is serving as a source of energy for the drying and as sterilizing agent for all bacteria and viruses (pathogens) present in the manure, and as liming agent changing soil pH. Probably no effect in case of N-stripping, which as mentioned typically is done to avoid anaerobic digestion inhibition. The effect connected with the use of lime for drying the manure will make it more economic to transport the manure to other areas – however, pig manures are almost always in the form of slurry, for which the technology apparently is not relevant. Innovation stage Investment price, Basic Variable Operational costs, per tonnes per kg saved N or P leaching Complexity of implementation Research Pilot No data No data No data Practice Major references Condition for leaching reduction effect Certainty of information No data Low – mixing of the manure with lime can probably be done with machinery that is available on most farms. Knut Hovland Scenarios II to V Prices None Effect on leaching Low 57 Side 58 57
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