PBS 140 Child Care Center Design Guide - The Whole Building ...
PBS 140 Child Care Center Design Guide - The Whole Building ...
PBS 140 Child Care Center Design Guide - The Whole Building ...
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current edition of Handbook for Public Playground Safety, issued by the<br />
Consumer Product Safety Commission and conforming to the other<br />
documents cited in 6.3.<br />
No treated wood materials are to be used on the play yard. No wood<br />
treated with pentachlorophenol or creosote should be used anywhere on<br />
the site. Instead, maximize the use of products made from recycled plastic<br />
or recycled plastic/wood composite materials, which are inherently durable<br />
and weather-resistant, for benches, etc. Following EPA’s Comprehensive<br />
Procurement <strong>Guide</strong>lines (CPG), playground equipment should be made<br />
from a structural grade material containing a minimum of 95% postconsumer<br />
High Density Polyithylene plastic (i.e., milk jugs). <strong>The</strong> remaining<br />
5% should consist of resins and fibers for strength, and the same color<br />
should be throughout the product. <strong>The</strong> product also needs to include UV<br />
inhibitors for longevity.<br />
6.4.8 Storage:<br />
Storage facilities should be easily discernible and have a unique, easily<br />
understood symbol indicating the contents. Storage facilities provide an<br />
opportunity for children to learn organization and cooperation skills. <strong>Child</strong>ren<br />
acquire a sense of responsibility by learning to return toys and tools, under<br />
the direction of the caregiver, to the correct storage areas when they are<br />
finished playing.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re must be visibility and ventilation into the storage area. Exterior storage<br />
must be equipped with locks that operate at the exterior of the door but will<br />
not allow children to be trapped inside the structure.<br />
6.5 Types of Outdoor Play Areas<br />
6.5.1 Sand and Water Play:<br />
Sand and water play facilities allow children to pretend and project their<br />
ideas in a real and physical way. <strong>The</strong>se facilities enhance children’s abilities<br />
for make believe play, and to further develop social skills and must be<br />
accessible to all children. Sand and water tables should have play surfaces<br />
at children’s height, allowing them to dip out a portion of sand or water onto<br />
a stable surface. Allow play space and storage for props such as spoons,<br />
shovels, pails, plastic vehicles and animals, containers, and buckets. <strong>The</strong>se<br />
props add greatly to the quality of play experiences. <strong>The</strong> need for a child<br />
scaled drinking fountain on the playground should be determined during<br />
design. In particularly warm areas, there will be a greater need for water<br />
<strong>PBS</strong>-<strong>140</strong> - July 2003<br />
CHAPTER 6: SITE DESIGN<br />
fountains. In addition, provide a hose bib connection for water play and for<br />
filling wading pools, accessible from the circulation path. Metal water<br />
fountains require shade as they can become quite hot in full sun locations<br />
and children could be burned. It is also desirable to emphasize the source<br />
of the water, making it a design “event,” a symbolically important part of<br />
the play yard.<br />
6.5.2 Dramatic Play:<br />
Dramatic play is the most dynamic activity in the play yard, often using<br />
many different areas of the play yard as stage settings. Ample opportunities<br />
should be provided, allowing children to engage in role playing and make<br />
believe activities. Playhouse structures should have seating. Adequate<br />
play areas and storage should be provided to allow use of a wide variety of<br />
props. <strong>The</strong>se items include elements such as boards, scrap lumber, dressup<br />
clothes, cooking utensils, tarpaulin, banners, signs, and other items<br />
that help ensure the high quality of dramatic play. <strong>The</strong> props should be<br />
easily moved and incorporated into play activities. <strong>The</strong> dramatic play area<br />
should be adjacent to and incorporate paths and parking areas for wheeled<br />
toys. Change of level greatly enhances the quality of dramatic play as it<br />
allows for a “king of the mountain” experience which is a universally popular<br />
theme in children’s play.<br />
6.5.3 Large Motor Play:<br />
Large motor play areas provide for the physical development of children.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se areas should offer opportunities for climbing and riding wheeled<br />
toys, as well as running, jumping, sliding, and balancing. Fixed equipment<br />
such as a superstructure play piece and slides encourage children to explore<br />
the limits of their physical abilities through varying levels of difficulty and<br />
challenge. Berms that create small hills also provide challenge, and are<br />
cost effective. <strong>The</strong>y also provide visual interest and can help add a needed<br />
connection to nature.<br />
<strong>The</strong> degree of difficulty, challenge, or risk must be obvious to children<br />
involved in any given activity. Recognizable challenge or risk is good, but<br />
hidden or unforeseen risk is dangerous and often results in injuries. For<br />
this reason, the play yard should not contain metal slides (which can burn<br />
children when they become hot), enclosed tunnel slides (which make<br />
observation difficult and can allow one climbing child above the enclosed<br />
tunnel to fall on top of another at the tunnel exit), traditional see-saws (which<br />
6-5